A burgh of barony was a type of Scottish town ( burgh ).
29-553: John Knox (1720 – 1 August 1790 in Dalkeith ) was a Scottish bookseller, author, and philanthropist. After spending many years as a bookseller in the Strand in London, Knox retired with a large fortune. In 1764 he began travelling extensively through his native Scotland, making sixteen tours between 1764 and 1775 alone. He became concerned with the poverty he found there and eventually wrote
58-470: A Corn Exchange , at the time the largest indoor grain market in Scotland, was built. In 1879, Dalkeith was where William Ewart Gladstone started his campaign for British Prime Minister, which became known as the " Midlothian campaign ". The Collegiate Church of St Nicholas Buccleuch, formerly known as Dalkeith Parish Church, stands on High Street. Dedicated to St Nicholas , this medieval church became
87-455: A burgh of regality in 1540. The settlement of Dalkeith grew southwestwards from its 12th-century castle (now Dalkeith Palace ). Dalkeith has a population of 12,342 people according to the 2011 census. The town is divided into four distinct areas: Dalkeith proper with its town centre and historic core; Eskbank (considered to be the well-heeled neighbourhood of Dalkeith with many large Victorian and newer houses) to its west; Woodburn (primarily
116-432: A collegiate establishment in 1406, founded by Sir James Douglas . The nave and transepts date from 1854, when the inside of the church was greatly altered. The chancel was abandoned in 1590, walled off from the rest of the church, and is now ruinous. Sir James Douglas, 1st Earl of Morton , and his wife Joanna , daughter of James I , are buried in the choir and have stone effigies. St Nicholas Buccleuch Church remains one of
145-446: A decade) archaeologists, working for CFA Archaeology, uncovered many archaeological features and information on the prehistory and history of the area. Their findings included two ring-groove structures, two pit alignments, a Roman temporary camp, a post-medieval building, an 18th-century designed landscape, and two industrial sites with a brick and tile works and a coal pit engine house. Given the wide area covered they were able to surmise
174-729: A number of works projecting improvements. In 1784 he published A View of the British Empire, more especially Scotland, with some Proposals for the Improvement of that Country, the Extension of its Fisheries, and the Relief of the People . In 1785 a third edition, enlarged to two volumes, was published. In this work he proposed, among other improvements, canals between the Forth and Clyde , between Loch Fyne and
203-560: A parliamentary committee on the Scottish fisheries in 1785, which also recommended that a limited liability company be formed to advance the scheme. This led to the formation of "The British Society for Extending the Fisheries and Improving the Sea Coast of this Kingdom" (later to be called simply the "British Fisheries Society"), with a capital of £150,000, with John Campbell, 5th Duke of Argyll as
232-525: A publication now in the public domain : " Knox, John (1720-1790) ". Dictionary of National Biography . London: Smith, Elder & Co. 1885–1900. Dalkeith Dalkeith ( / d æ l ˈ k iː θ / dal- KEETH ; Scottish Gaelic : Dail Cheith , pronounced [t̪al ˈçe] ) is a town in Midlothian , Scotland , on the River Esk . It was granted a burgh of barony in 1401 and
261-412: A working class council estate with pockets of new housing developments) to its east; and Newbattle (a semi-rural village with its abbey ) to the south. Dalkeith is the main administrative centre for Midlothian. It is twinned with Jarnac , France. In 2004, Midlothian Council re-paved Jarnac Court in honour of Dalkeith and Jarnac's long standing link. On the north-eastern edge of Dalkeith at Woodburn
290-659: Is 'SFA Quality Mark' accredited and run by volunteers. Dalkeith RFC play in the Scottish Rugby Union East Leagues . The club was the first in Midlothian to open full membership to women and the first in the county to run a women's side. Notable former players include Sir David Murray , whose car crash on the way back from a match in North Berwick ended his rugby career and led to him focusing on his business empire. Adam Robson, who went on to become President of
319-552: Is called in the country Dalkeith. The same time I saw there this earl James, a fair young child, and a sister of his called the lady Blanche." In 1650, Oliver Cromwell 's army came to Dalkeith. His officer General George Monck was Commander in Scotland, and the government of the country was based out of Dalkeith Castle. In 1831, Dalkeith was linked to Edinburgh by the Edinburgh and Dalkeith Railway , which transported coal, minerals, and agricultural produce. Two decades later, in 1853,
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#1732877226420348-588: Is just outside Dalkeith, located off the A7 road on the eastern edge of the neighbouring town of Bonnyrigg . Until 2008, Dalkeith was on the A68 , one of the main routes south from Edinburgh to Jedburgh and across the border to Darlington . A bypass to take traffic away from the town centre was completed in September 2008; this then took the A68 number, and the old route of the A68 is now
377-525: Is the Dalkeith Campus (completed 2003) – housing both Dalkeith High School and St David's Roman Catholic High School plus community leisure facilities. Dalkeith is understood to be a Cumbric name, cognate with Welsh ddôl 'meadow, plateau, valley' + coed 'wood'. During the construction of the Dalkeith Northern Bypass in 1994-95 and 2006-08 (final construction was delayed for over
406-650: The A6106 . Other main roads serving Dalkeith are: The re-building of the northern section of the Waverley Railway Line re-connected Dalkeith to the national rail network after a gap of more than 40 years, with a station at Eskbank on the western edge of Dalkeith. Construction commenced in late 2012, and the line re-opened to passenger services on 6 September 2015. Bus services in Dalkeith are mostly run by Lothian Buses ; East Coast Buses and Borders Buses also serve
435-619: The Masonic Temple or Lodge Rooms of the Dalkeith Kilwinning Masonic Lodge No.10 situated next to The Collegiate Church of St Nicholas Buccleuch in the high street completed in 1766. Edinburgh College has its Midlothian Campus in Eskbank, close to the railway station. There is a modern Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (also known as Mormon) meeting house on Newbattle Road. Midlothian Community Hospital
464-662: The Scottish Rugby Union , also played for the club. Dalkeith is twinned with Jarnac in France. Burgh of barony Burghs of barony were distinct from royal burghs , as the title was granted to a landowner who, as a tenant-in-chief, held his estates directly from the crown. (In some cases, they might also be burghs of regality where the crown granted to lords of regality , who were leading noblemen, judicial powers to try criminals for all offences except treason). They were created between 1450 and 1846, and conferred upon
493-429: The landowner the right to hold weekly markets. Unlike royal burghs, they were not allowed to participate in foreign trade . In practice very few burghs of barony developed into market towns . Over 300 such burghs were created: the last was Ardrossan in 1846. From 1833 inhabitants of such burghs could form a police burgh governed by elected commissioners. In some cases the existing burgh continued to exist alongside
522-691: The Atlantic, and between Fort William and Inverness , all of which were later built. A lecture he gave to the Highland Society of London was subsequently published as A discourse on the expediency of establishing fishing stations: or small towns, in the Highlands of Scotland and the Hebride Islands (1786). In this work he proposed the creation of as many as 50 fishing villages in the Highlands, to be built by private funds. Knox's ideas had been commended by
551-539: The Chronicles of Jean Froissart , who stayed at Dalkeith Castle for fifteen days. He writes of the Battle of Otterburn and the death of James Douglas, 2nd Earl of Douglas : "I, author of this book, in my youth had ridden nigh over all the realm of Scotland, and I was then fifteen days in the house of earl William Douglas , father to the same earl James, of whom I spake of now, in a castle of five leagues from Edinburgh which
580-531: The arms of burghs matriculated by his office: a "coronet suitable to a burgh of barony" was a red mural crown , whereas that for a police burgh was blue in colour. All burghs were abolished in 1975 by the Local Government (Scotland) Act 1973 . However, feudal titles (such as baronies , lordships and earldoms ) formally attached to the lands have been preserved (section 63 of Abolition of Feudal Tenure etc. (Scotland) Act 2000 ), and are still recognised by
609-460: The first floor. In front of the building there is a circle of stones to mark the spot where the last public hanging in Dalkeith took place. William Thomson was hanged here for highway robbery in 1827. The Municipal Buildings in Buccleuch Street were completed in 1882. Other notable buildings include a Watch Tower at the cemetery (1827), a water tower and early 19th-century iron mills and
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#1732877226420638-460: The general settlement patterns of Dalkeith over the centuries. Settlement and land use was concentrated on the sands and gravels of the river terraces and only a bit of human occupation on the compacted clays that are found throughout the area. They also determined that people had been living in the Dalkeith area since the Neolithic . One of the earliest historical references to Dalkeith is found in
667-757: The governor. The society commissioned Knox (a member himself) to travel even more extensively in Scotland. On his return the society gave him a gold medal for his work, which led to the publication of A Tour through the Highlands of Scotland and the Hebride Isles in MDCCLXXXVI (1787). This work was translated into French in 1790. In this work he refines his scheme to recommend "to erect 40 stations, or fishing towns, at 25 miles from each other, more or less, as circumstances suit, to consist of about 16 houses of two stories and two rooms, with an inn and school-house, and an acre, or half an acre, to each. Each town to cost £2,000, and
696-546: The police burgh. Remaining burghs of barony were abolished in 1893 by the Burgh Police (Scotland) Act 1892 ( 55 & 56 Vict. c. 55). Where a police burgh had been formed it absorbed the burgh of barony, in other cases the burgh was dissolved. From that date there was no practical difference between burghs of barony and other police burghs, though a distinction was still sometimes made. For instance, in 1957 Lord Lyon introduced distinctive "burghal coronets" to be displayed above
725-623: The town. For walkers, the Penicuik–Dalkeith Walkway passes close by. The town is home to Dalkeith Thistle F.C. , based at King's Park. The club was formed in 1892 and now plays in the East of Scotland Football League , having spent most of its history in the Scottish Junior Football Association . The established club is affiliated to Dalkeith Thistle Community Football Club, based at Cowden Park, Woodburn; The club
754-422: The two Church of Scotland parish churches in Dalkeith, the other being St John's and King's Park Church. The Episcopal Church , St Mary's is on High Street, at the entrance to Dalkeith Country Park. St David's Church , on Eskbank Road, is the only Roman Catholic church in the town, it is a category A listed building and was built in 1854. Dalkeith Palace which replaced the castle in the late 16th century and
783-456: The whole number £80,000. Each town to have 50 Scots acres." To meet the emergencies of war, Knox recommended that Great Britain should always hold two hundred thousand seamen in readiness. Knox later proposed an ambitious work on the "Picturesque Scenery of Scotland". Artists such as Joseph Farington and the younger Charles Catton were recruited for the project, but it was abandoned after Knox's death in 1790. The work of John Knox, along with
812-501: The work of economist James Anderson and writer William Thomson , brought attention to the poverty of Highlands Scotland and promoted schemes for fisheries improvements and canals. The British Fisheries Society did implement parts of Knox's schemes, building fishing facilities along the Scottish coast in Pulteneytown , Ullapool , Isle Ristol , Skye , Mull and other locations. [REDACTED] This article incorporates text from
841-447: Was rebuilt in the early 18th century, lies at the north-east edge of the town. It is a former seat of the Duke of Buccleuch , surrounded by parkland and follies . The building on High Street now known as Dalkeith Tolbooth dates from 1648 although it was reconstructed in the early 18th century. It incorporated prison cells in the basement, a weigh house on the ground floor and a courtroom on
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