Misplaced Pages

#976023

145-551: Bringing Up Baby is a 1938 American screwball comedy film directed by Howard Hawks , and starring Katharine Hepburn and Cary Grant . It was released by RKO Radio Pictures . The film tells the story of a paleontologist in a number of predicaments involving a scatterbrained heiress and a leopard named Baby. The screenplay was adapted by Dudley Nichols and Hagar Wilde from a short story by Wilde which originally appeared in Collier's Weekly magazine on April 10, 1937. The script

290-443: A Little, Love a Little . Modern updates on screwball comedy are also sometimes categorized as black comedy ( Intolerable Cruelty , which also features a twist on the classic screwball element of divorce and remarriage). The Coen Brothers often include screwball elements in a film which may not otherwise be considered screwball or even a comedy. The Golmaal movies , a series of Hindi-language Indian films , has been described as

435-445: A change of editors at the newspaper; Kay Robinson , the new editor, allowed more creative freedom and Kipling was asked to contribute short stories to the newspaper. In an article printed in the Chums boys' annual, an ex-colleague of Kipling's stated that "he never knew such a fellow for ink – he simply revelled in it, filling up his pen viciously, and then throwing the contents all over

580-483: A character or characters resort to secrecy. Sometimes screwball comedies feature male characters cross-dressing , further contributing to elements of masquerade ( Bringing Up Baby (1938), Love Crazy (1941), I Was a Male War Bride (1949), and Some Like It Hot (1959)). At first, the couple seems mismatched and even hostile to each other, but eventually overcome their differences amusingly or entertainingly, leading to romance. Often, this mismatch comes about when

725-448: A comedic and non-threatening framework. Class issues are a strong component of screwball comedies: the upper class is represented as idle, pampered, and having difficulty coping with the real world. By contrast, when lower-class people attempt to pass themselves off as upper class or otherwise insinuate themselves into high society, they can do so with relative ease ( The Lady Eve , 1941; My Man Godfrey , 1936). Some critics believe that

870-547: A couple who boarded children of British nationals living abroad. For the next six years (from October 1871 to April 1877), the children lived with the couple – Captain Pryse Agar Holloway, once an officer in the merchant navy , and Sarah Holloway – at their house, Lorne Lodge, 4 Campbell Road, Southsea. Kipling referred to the place as "the House of Desolation". In his autobiography published 65 years later, Kipling recalled

1015-500: A decanter across a friendly dinner table." By January 1896, he had decided to end his family's "good wholesome life" in the U.S. and seek their fortunes elsewhere. A family dispute became the final straw. For some time, relations between Carrie and her brother Beatty Balestier had been strained, owing to his drinking and insolvency. In May 1896, an inebriated Beatty encountered Kipling on the street and threatened him with physical harm. The incident led to Beatty's eventual arrest, but in

1160-409: A future of chaos, David embraces and kisses Susan. Uncredited Animals In March 1937, Howard Hawks signed a contract at RKO for an adaptation of Rudyard Kipling 's Gunga Din , which had been in pre-production since the previous fall. When RKO was unable to borrow Clark Gable , Spencer Tracy and Franchot Tone from Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer for the film and the adaptation of Gunga Din

1305-415: A great fault and I learned an awful lot from that. There were no normal people in it. Everyone you met was a screwball and since that time I learned my lesson and don't intend ever again to make everybody crazy." The director went on to work with RKO on three films over the next decade. Long before Bringing Up Baby ' s release, Hepburn had been branded " box office poison " by Harry Brandt (president of

1450-432: A hand in the origins of the genre. The plot of Corrupting Dr. Nice , a science fiction novel by John Kessel involving time travel , is modeled on films such as The Lady Eve and Bringing Up Baby . Rudyard Kipling Joseph Rudyard Kipling FRSL ( / ˈ r ʌ d j ər d / RUD -yərd ; 30 December 1865 – 18 January 1936) was an English journalist, novelist, poet, and short-story writer. He

1595-426: A leash, it is quite obvious that the leash was hand painted on film because it proved impossible to make the two parts of the leash join in the traveling matte. Hawks and Hepburn had a confrontation one day during shooting. While Hepburn was chatting with a crew member, Hawks yelled "Quiet!" until the only person still talking was Hepburn. When Hepburn paused and realized that everyone was looking at her, she asked what

SECTION 10

#1732869959977

1740-401: A letter: "A little maple began it, flaming blood-red of a sudden where he stood against the dark green of a pine-belt. Next morning there was an answering signal from the swamp where the sumacs grow. Three days later, the hill-sides as fast as the eye could range were afire, and the roads paved, with crimson and gold. Then a wet wind blew, and ruined all the uniforms of that gorgeous army; and

1885-523: A mere four years he produced, along with the Jungle Books , a book of short stories ( The Day's Work ), a novel ( Captains Courageous ), and a profusion of poetry, including the volume The Seven Seas . The collection of Barrack-Room Ballads was issued in March 1892, first published individually for the most part in 1890, and contained his poems " Mandalay " and " Gunga Din ". He especially enjoyed writing

2030-474: A month each Christmas with a maternal aunt Georgiana ("Georgy") and her husband, Edward Burne-Jones , at their house, The Grange, in Fulham , London, which Kipling called "a paradise which I verily believe saved me". In the spring of 1877, Alice returned from India and removed the children from Lorne Lodge. Kipling remembers "Often and often afterwards, the beloved Aunt would ask me why I had never told any one how I

2175-517: A panther that would work for the film, Baby was changed to a leopard so they could cast the trained leopard Nissa, who had worked in films for eight years, making several B-movies. Shooting began September 23, 1937, and was scheduled to end November 20, 1937, on a budget of $ 767,676. Filming began in-studio with the scenes in Susan's apartment, moving to the Bel Air Country Club in early October for

2320-521: A phrase in Haggard's Nada the Lily , combined with the echo of this tale. After blocking out the main idea in my head, the pen took charge, and I watched it begin to write stories about Mowgli and animals, which later grew into the two Jungle Books ." With Josephine's arrival, Bliss Cottage was felt to be congested, so eventually the couple bought land – 10 acres (4.0 ha) on a rocky hillside overlooking

2465-471: A rational urban society", an element that writer and film critic Sheila O'Malley characterizes as common in Hawks's filmography: "Marriage barely exists in Hawks's films, and when it does show up, it's not exactly a blessing. [...] Bringing Up Baby may end in an embrace, but it is impossible to imagine David and Susan in a conventional domestic relationship." Over the course of the film, O'Malley adds, "David becomes

2610-637: A real person. Alice dumps him, saying, 'You showed yourself up in your true colors. You're just a butterfly.' Alice, of course, misses the point, as the Alices of the world always do. A butterfly doesn't symbolize irresponsibility. A butterfly symbolizes transformation. Susan forces David out of his chrysalis, and he emerges into the limitless night air, where a man can breathe, where a woman not only loves him but returns his bone to him, at last." In addition to its playing with gender roles, Murray and Heumann write that Bringing Up Baby contains themes of exploitation, and

2755-399: A scene inspired by the comic strip Professor Dinglehoofer and his Dog in which a dog buries a rare dinosaur bone. RKO paid King Features $ 1,000 to use the idea for the film on September 21. It has been debated whether Bringing Up Baby is the first fictional work (apart from pornography ) to use the word gay in a homosexual context. In one scene, Cary Grant's character is wearing

2900-578: A screwball comedy franchise. The screwball film tradition influenced television sitcom and comedy drama genres. Notable screwball couples in television have included Sam and Diane in Cheers , Maddie and David in Moonlighting , and Joel and Maggie in Northern Exposure . In his 2008 production of the classic Beaumarchais comedy The Marriage of Figaro , author William James Royce trimmed

3045-405: A self-confident and often stubborn central female protagonist and a plot involving courtship, marriage, or remarriage . These traits can be seen in both It Happened One Night (1934) and My Man Godfrey (1936). The film critic Andrew Sarris has defined the screwball comedy as "a sex comedy without the sex." Like farce, screwball comedies often involve masquerades and disguises in which

SECTION 20

#1732869959977

3190-404: A stand-in. Hepburn played upon his fear by throwing a toy leopard through the roof of Grant's dressing room during production. There were several news reports about Hawks's difficulty filming the live leopard, and the potential danger to highly valuable actors, so some scenes required rear-screen projection , while several others were shot using traveling mattes . In a scene where Grant has Baby on

3335-519: A tame leopard named Baby from Brazil . Its tameness is helped by hearing the song " I Can't Give You Anything but Love, Baby ". Susan thinks David is a zoologist , and manipulates him into accompanying her in taking Baby to her farm in Connecticut. Complications arise when Susan falls in love with him, and she tries to keep him at her house as long as possible, even hiding his clothes, to prevent his imminent marriage. David's prized intercostal clavicle

3480-530: A total of 41 stories, some quite long. In addition, as The Pioneer ' s special correspondent in the western region of Rajputana , he wrote many sketches that were later collected in Letters of Marque and published in From Sea to Sea and Other Sketches, Letters of Travel . Kipling was discharged from The Pioneer in early 1889 after a dispute. By this time, he had been increasingly thinking of his future. He sold

3625-558: A tradition of romantic comedy with inspiration from ancient Rome and Shakespeare. Shakespeare's Much Ado About Nothing and As You Like It have been cited in particular as influences on the film and the screwball comedy in general, with their "haughty, self-sufficient men, strong women and fierce combat of words and wit." Hepburn's character has been cited as an early example of the Manic Pixie Dream Girl film archetype. The popularity of Bringing Up Baby has increased since it

3770-418: A trained leopard, Nissa; Nissa was supervised by its trainer, Olga Celeste, who stood by with a whip during shooting. At one point, when Hepburn spun around (causing her skirt to twirl) Nissa lunged at her and was subdued when Celeste cracked her whip. Hepburn wore heavy perfume to keep Nissa calm and was unafraid of the leopard, but Grant was terrified; most scenes of the two interacting are done in close-up with

3915-651: A two-hour conversation with him on trends in Anglo-American literature and about what Twain was going to write in a sequel to Tom Sawyer , with Twain assuring Kipling that a sequel was coming, although he had not decided upon the ending: either Sawyer would be elected to Congress or he would be hanged. Twain also passed along the literary advice that an author should "get your facts first and then you can distort 'em as much as you please." Twain, who rather liked Kipling, later wrote of their meeting: "Between us, we cover all knowledge; he covers all that can be known and I cover

4060-416: A type of breaking pitch in baseball and fastpitch softball that moves in the opposite direction from all other breaking pitches. These features of the screwball pitch also describe the dynamics between the lead characters in screwball comedy films. According to Gehring (2008): Still, screwball comedy probably drew its name from the term's entertainingly unorthodox use in the national pastime. Before

4205-472: A woman's marabou -trimmed négligée ; when asked why, he replies exasperatedly "Because I just went gay all of a sudden!" (leaping into the air at the word gay ). As the term gay was not familiar to the general public until the Stonewall riots in 1969, it is questioned whether the word is used by Grant in its original sense (meaning "happy") or is an intentional, joking reference to homosexuality. The line in

4350-539: Is Born (1948). Some of the Joe E. Brown comedies also fall into this category, particularly Broadminded (1931) and Earthworm Tractors (1936). Actors and actresses featured in or associated with screwball comedy: Directors of screwball comedies: Later films thought to have revived elements of the classic era screwball comedies include: Elements of classic screwball comedy often found in more recent films which might otherwise be classified as romantic comedies include

4495-590: Is a rework of Bringing Up Baby . The film Who's That Girl? (1987), starring Madonna , is also loosely based on Bringing Up Baby . In 1990 (the registry's second year), Bringing Up Baby was selected for preservation in the National Film Registry of the Library of Congress as "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant". Entertainment Weekly voted the film 24th on its list of greatest films. In 2000, readers of Total Film magazine voted it

Bringing Up Baby - Misplaced Pages Continue

4640-517: Is a seamlessly assembled comedy with enduring appeal." On Metacritic , the film holds a weighted average score of 91 out of 100, based on 17 critics, indicating "universal acclaim". Despite Bringing Up Baby ' s reputation as a flop, it was successful in some parts of the U.S. The film premiered on February 16, 1938, at the Golden Gate Theatre in San Francisco (where it was a hit), and

4785-431: Is delivered, but Susan's aunt's dog George takes it and buries it somewhere. When Susan's aunt arrives, she discovers David in a negligee. To David's dismay, she turns out to be Elizabeth Random. A second message from Mark makes clear the leopard is for Elizabeth, as she always wanted one. Baby and George, who have befriended one another, run off. The zoo is called to help capture Baby. Susan and David race to find Baby before

4930-457: Is known as the comedy of remarriage , in which characters divorce and then remarry one another ( The Awful Truth (1937), The Philadelphia Story (1940)). Some scholars point to this frequent device as evidence of the shift in the American moral code, as it showed freer attitudes toward divorce (though the divorce always turns out to have been a mistake: "You've got an old fashioned idea divorce

5075-570: Is missing one bone: the "intercostal clavicle ." Adding to his stress is his impending marriage to Alice Swallow and the need to impress Elizabeth Random, who is considering a million-dollar donation to his museum. The day before his wedding, David meets Susan Vance by chance on a golf course. She plays his ball, but she is oblivious to the fact that she has made a mistake. Susan is a free-spirited, somewhat scatterbrained, young lady, unfettered by logic. These qualities soon embroil David in several frustrating incidents. Susan's brother Mark has sent her

5220-590: Is not easy. I have known a certain amount of bullying , but this was calculated torture – religious as well as scientific. Yet it made me give attention to the lies I soon found it necessary to tell: and this, I presume, is the foundation of literary effort." Trix fared better at Lorne Lodge; Mrs Holloway apparently hoped that Trix would eventually marry the Holloways' son. The two Kipling children, however, had no relatives in England they could visit, except that they spent

5365-425: Is now "considered the definitive screwball comedy, and one of the fastest, funniest films ever made; grand performances by all." Bringing Up Baby has been adapted several times. Hawks recycled the nightclub scene in which Hepburn's dress is torn and Grant walks behind her in the comedy Man's Favorite Sport (1964). Peter Bogdanovich's film What's Up, Doc? (1972), starring Barbra Streisand and Ryan O'Neal ,

5510-484: Is recognized by American Film Institute in these lists: Further reading Screwball comedy The genre also featured romantic attachments between members of different social classes , as in It Happened One Night (1934) and My Man Godfrey (1936). What sets the screwball comedy apart from the generic romantic comedy is that "screwball comedy puts the emphasis on a funny spoofing of love, while

5655-475: Is seen as an innovator in the art of the short story. His children's books are classics; one critic noted "a versatile and luminous narrative gift". Kipling in the late 19th and early 20th centuries was among the United Kingdom's most popular writers. Henry James said "Kipling strikes me personally as the most complete man of genius, as distinct from fine intelligence, that I have ever known." In 1907, he

5800-759: Is something that lasts forever, 'til death do us part.' Why divorce doesn't mean anything nowadays, Hildy, just a few words mumbled over you by a judge.") Another subgenre of screwball comedy is the woman chasing a man who is oblivious to or uninterested in her. Examples include Barbara Stanwyck chasing Henry Fonda ( The Lady Eve , 1941); Sonja Henie chasing John Payne ( Sun Valley Serenade , 1941, and Iceland , 1942); Marion Davies chasing Antonio Moreno ( The Cardboard Lover , 1928); Marion Davies chasing Bing Crosby ( Going Hollywood , 1933); and Carole Lombard chasing William Powell ( My Man Godfrey , 1936). The philosopher Stanley Cavell has noted that many classic screwball comedies turn on an interlude in

5945-615: The Civil and Military Gazette in Lahore and The Pioneer in Allahabad . The former, which was the newspaper Kipling was to call his "mistress and most true love", appeared six days a week throughout the year, except for one-day breaks for Christmas and Easter. Stephen Wheeler, the editor, worked Kipling hard, but Kipling's need to write was unstoppable. In 1886, he published his first collection of verse, Departmental Ditties . That year also brought

Bringing Up Baby - Misplaced Pages Continue

6090-668: The Connecticut River – from Carrie's brother Beatty Balestier and built their own house. Kipling named this Naulakha , in honour of Wolcott and of their collaboration, and this time the name was spelt correctly. From his early years in Lahore (1882–87), Kipling had become enamoured with the Mughal architecture , especially the Naulakha pavilion situated in Lahore Fort , which eventually inspired

6235-755: The English Channel . Although Kipling did not much care for his new house, whose design, he claimed, left its occupants feeling dispirited and gloomy, he managed to remain productive and socially active. Kipling was now a famous man, and in the previous two or three years had increasingly been making political pronouncements in his writings. The Kiplings had welcomed their first son, John , in August 1897. Kipling had begun work on two poems, " Recessional " (1897) and " The White Man's Burden " (1899), which were to create controversy when published. Regarded by some as anthems for enlightened and duty-bound empire-building (capturing

6380-591: The Fred Astaire and Ginger Rogers musicals of the 1930s also feature screwball comedy plots, such as The Gay Divorcee (1934), Top Hat (1935), and Carefree (1938), which costars Ralph Bellamy . The Eddie Cantor musicals Whoopee! (1930) and Roman Scandals (1933), and slapstick road movies such as Six of a Kind (1934) include screwball elements. Screwball comedies such as The Philadelphia Story (1940) and Ball of Fire (1941) also received musical remakes, High Society (1956) and A Song

6525-724: The Gazette ' s larger sister newspaper, The Pioneer , in Allahabad in the United Provinces , where he worked as assistant editor and lived in Belvedere House from 1888 to 1889. Kipling's writing continued at a frenetic pace. In 1888, he published six collections of short stories: Soldiers Three , The Story of the Gadsbys , In Black and White , Under the Deodars , The Phantom Rickshaw , and Wee Willie Winkie . These contain

6670-488: The Gazette . "My month's leave at Simla, or whatever Hill Station my people went to, was pure joy – every golden hour counted. It began in heat and discomfort, by rail and road. It ended in the cool evening, with a wood fire in one's bedroom, and next morn – thirty more of them ahead! – the early cup of tea, the Mother who brought it in, and the long talks of us all together again. One had leisure to work, too, at whatever play-work

6815-486: The Jungle Books and also corresponding with many children who wrote to him about them. The writing life in Naulakha was occasionally interrupted by visitors, including his father , who visited soon after his retirement in 1893, and the British writer Arthur Conan Doyle , who brought his golf clubs, stayed for two days, and gave Kipling an extended golf lesson. Kipling seemed to take to golf, occasionally practising with

6960-509: The Monroe Doctrine ). This raised hackles in Britain, and the situation grew into a major Anglo-American crisis , with talk of war on both sides. Although the crisis eased into greater United States–British co-operation, Kipling was bewildered by what he felt was persistent anti-British sentiment in the U.S., especially in the press. He wrote in a letter that it felt like being "aimed at with

7105-477: The National Film Registry of the Library of Congress as "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant," and it has appeared on a number of greatest-films lists , ranking 88th on the American Film Institute 's 100 greatest American films of all time list. David Huxley is a mild-mannered paleontologist . For the past four years, he has been assembling the skeleton of a Brontosaurus but

7250-773: The Shot tower walked up and down with his traffic." In the next two years, he published a novel, The Light That Failed , had a nervous breakdown , and met an American writer and publishing agent, Wolcott Balestier , with whom he collaborated on a novel, The Naulahka (a title which he uncharacteristically misspelt; see below). In 1891, as advised by his doctors, Kipling took another sea voyage, to South Africa, Australia, New Zealand, and once again India. He cut short his plans to spend Christmas with his family in India when he heard of Balestier's sudden death from typhoid fever and decided to return to London immediately. Before his return, he had used

7395-413: The oaks , who had held themselves in reserve, buckled on their dull and bronzed cuirasses and stood it out stiffly to the last blown leaf, till nothing remained but pencil-shadings of bare boughs, and one could see into the most private heart of the woods." In February 1896, Elsie Kipling was born, the couple's second daughter. By this time, according to several biographers, their marital relationship

SECTION 50

#1732869959977

7540-505: The telegram to propose to, and be accepted by, Wolcott's sister, Caroline Starr Balestier (1862–1939), called "Carrie", whom he had met a year earlier, and with whom he had apparently been having an intermittent romance. Meanwhile, late in 1891, a collection of his short stories on the British in India, Life's Handicap , was published in London. On 18 January 1892, Carrie Balestier (aged 29) and Rudyard Kipling (aged 26) married in London, in

7685-439: The theatrical genre of farce , and some comic plays are also described as screwball comedies. Other genres with which screwball comedy is associated include slapstick , situation comedy , romantic comedy and bedroom farce . Films that are definitive of the genre usually feature farcical situations, a combination of slapstick and fast-paced repartee, and show the struggle between economic classes. They also generally feature

7830-442: The "battle of the sexes" ( Down with Love , How to Lose a Guy in 10 Days ), witty repartee ( Down with Love ), and the contrast between the wealthy and the middle class ( You've Got Mail , Two Weeks Notice ). Many of Elvis Presley 's films from the 1960s had drawn, consciously or unconsciously, the many characteristics of the screwball comedy genre. Some examples are Double Trouble , Tickle Me , Girl Happy and Live

7975-814: The "thick of an influenza epidemic, when the undertakers had run out of black horses and the dead had to be content with brown ones." The wedding was held at All Souls Church in Langham Place , central London. Henry James gave away the bride. Kipling and his wife settled upon a honeymoon that took them first to the United States (including a stop at the Balestier family estate near Brattleboro, Vermont ) and then to Japan. On arriving in Yokohama , they discovered that their bank, The New Oriental Banking Corporation , had failed. Taking this loss in their stride, they returned to

8120-402: The 1950s when it was shown on television. Since then, the film has gained acclaim from both critics and audiences for its zany antics and pratfalls, absurd situations and misunderstandings, comic timing, completely screwball cast, series of lunatic and hare-brained misadventures, disasters, light-hearted surprises and romantic comedy. In 1990, Bringing Up Baby was selected for preservation in

8265-655: The 19th century for people of British origin living in India] and so too would their son, though he spent the bulk of his life elsewhere. Complex issues of identity and national allegiance would become prominent in his fiction." Kipling referred to such conflicts. For example: "In the afternoon heats before we took our sleep, she (the Portuguese ayah , or nanny) or Meeta (the Hindu bearer , or male attendant) would tell us stories and Indian nursery songs all unforgotten, and we were sent into

8410-419: The 47th-greatest comedy film of all time. Premiere ranked Cary Grant's performance as Dr. David Huxley 68th on its list of 100 all-time greatest performances, and ranked Susan Vance 21st on its list of 100 all-time greatest movie characters. The National Society of Film Critics also included Bringing Up Baby in their "100 Essential Films", considering it to be arguably the director's best film. The film

8555-562: The Great Depression. The screwball comedies It Happened One Night (1934) and The Palm Beach Story (1942) also feature characters traveling to and from Florida by train. Trains, another staple of screwball comedies and romantic comedies from the era, are also featured prominently in Design for Living (1934), Twentieth Century (1934) and Vivacious Lady (1938). Other films from this period in other genres incorporate elements of

8700-618: The Independent Theatre Owners of America) and thus was allowed to buy out her RKO contract for $ 22,000. However, many critics marveled at her new skill at low comedy ; Life magazine called her "the surprise of the picture". Hepburn's former boyfriend Howard Hughes bought RKO in 1948, and sold it in 1955; when he sold the company, Hughes retained the copyright to six films (including Bringing Up Baby ). Several commentators have written that Bringing Up Baby blurs or reverses stereotypical gender roles assigned to men and women, as

8845-499: The Nipper." Eventually, when everyone's identity has been cleared up, Susan (who earlier escaped out a window) returns, dragging a leopard on a rope. When it is revealed that this is not Baby but the highly irritated circus leopard, David saves Susan, using a chair to shoo the big cat into a cell. Some time later, Susan finds David, who has been jilted by Alice because of her, on a high platform working on his Brontosaurus reconstruction at

SECTION 60

#1732869959977

8990-613: The Pacific, "I had left the innocent East far behind.... Weeping softly for O-Toyo.... O-Toyo was a darling." Kipling then travelled through the United States, writing articles for The Pioneer that were later published in From Sea to Sea and Other Sketches, Letters of Travel . Starting his North American travels in San Francisco, Kipling went north to Portland, Oregon , then Seattle , Washington, up to Victoria and Vancouver , British Columbia, through Medicine Hat , Alberta, back into

9135-596: The School of Art. They had been so moved by the beauty of the Rudyard Lake area that they named their first child after it, Joseph Rudyard. Two of Alice's sisters were married to artists: Georgiana to the painter Edward Burne-Jones , and her sister Agnes to Edward Poynter . A third sister, Louisa, was the mother of Kipling's most prominent relative, his first cousin Stanley Baldwin , who was Conservative Prime Minister of

9280-457: The U.S. and $ 394,000 in foreign markets for a total of $ 1,109,000; its reissue in 1940 and 1941 made an additional $ 95,000 in the US and $ 55,000 in foreign markets. Following its second run, the film made a profit of $ 163,000. Due to its perceived failure, Hawks was released early from his two-film contract with RKO and Gunga Din was eventually directed by George Stevens . Hawks later said the film "had

9425-472: The U.S., back to Vermont – Carrie by this time was pregnant with their first child – and rented a small cottage on a farm near Brattleboro for $ 10 a month. According to Kipling, "We furnished it with a simplicity that fore-ran the hire-purchase system. We bought, second or third hand, a huge, hot-air stove which we installed in the cellar. We cut generous holes in our thin floors for its eight-inch [20 cm] tin pipes (why we were not burned in our beds each week of

9570-808: The US to Yellowstone National Park , down to Salt Lake City , then east to Omaha, Nebraska and on to Chicago, then to Beaver, Pennsylvania on the Ohio River to visit the Hill family -- Mrs. Edmonia 'Ted' Hill, "eight years older than [him, who had] become Kipling's closest confidante, friend and sometimes collaborator" in British India, and her husband, Professor S. A. Hill, who [had] taught Physical Science at Muir College in Alhallabad. From Beaver, Kipling went to Chautauqua with Professor Hill, and later to Niagara Falls , Toronto, Washington, D.C., New York, and Boston. In

9715-458: The United Kingdom three times in the 1920s and 1930s. Kipling's birth home on the campus of the J. J. School of Art in Bombay was for many years used as the dean's residence. Although a cottage bears a plaque noting it as his birth site, the original one may have been torn down and replaced decades ago. Some historians and conservationists take the view that the bungalow marks a site merely close to

9860-561: The Westlake jail scene instead of the scheduled five. Hawks later facetiously blamed the setbacks on his two stars' laughing fits and having to work with two animal actors. The terrier George was played by Skippy, known as Asta in The Thin Man film series and co-starring with Grant (as Mr. Smith) in The Awful Truth . The tame leopard Baby and the escaped circus leopard were both played by

10005-433: The action fast." Harrison's Reports called the film "An excellent farce" with "many situations that provoke hearty laughter," and John Mosher of The New Yorker wrote that both stars "manage to be funny" and that Hepburn had never "seemed so good-natured." However, Frank S. Nugent of The New York Times disliked the film, considering it derivative and cliché-ridden, a rehash of dozens of other screwball comedies of

10150-451: The bumbling, "sexless" workaholic David is pursued and eventually won over by the anarchic, confident Susan; this is contrasted by David's fiancé Alice, who "dismisses sexuality and reproduction in favor of work." Academics Robin L. Murray and Joseph K. Heumann write, "The bone and leopard are not only real, but they also represent elements missing from David's urban life as resident museum paleontologist and Alice's fiancé: sex and children." By

10295-462: The character. RKO agreed to the casting, but had reservations because of Hepburn's salary and lack of box-office success for several years. Producer Lou Lusty said, "You couldn't even break even, if a Hepburn show cost eight hundred grand." At first, Hawks and producer Pandro S. Berman could not agree on whom to cast in the role of David Huxley. Hawks initially wanted silent-film comedian Harold Lloyd ; Berman rejected Lloyd and Ronald Colman , offering

10440-476: The course of this journey he met Mark Twain in Elmira, New York , and was deeply impressed. Kipling arrived unannounced at Twain's home, and later wrote that as he rang the doorbell, "It occurred to me for the first time that Mark Twain might possibly have other engagements other than the entertainment of escaped lunatics from India, be they ever so full of admiration." As it was, Twain gladly welcomed Kipling and had

10585-504: The crazy period antics in baseball, screwball comedy uses nutty behavior as a prism through which to view a topsy-turvy period in American history. Screwball comedy has proved to be a popular and enduring film genre. Three-Cornered Moon (1933) starring Claudette Colbert , is often credited as the first true screwball, though Bombshell starring Jean Harlow followed it in the same year. Although many film scholars agree that its classic period had effectively ended by 1942, elements of

10730-465: The dining-room after we had been dressed, with the caution 'Speak English now to Papa and Mamma.' So one spoke 'English', haltingly translated out of the vernacular idiom that one thought and dreamed in." Kipling's days of "strong light and darkness" in Bombay ended when he was five. As was the custom in British India, he and his three-year-old sister Alice ("Trix") were taken to the United Kingdom – in their case to Southsea , Portsmouth – to live with

10875-412: The end of the film, they note, "Instead of returning to his original role intact, David declares his love for Susan, even as his brontosaurus tumbles to the ground, signifying the success of Susan's reeducation of him. Not only has she crushed his glasses to enhance his beauty, but she has also demolished his work." Murray and Heumann argue that the film's narrative "promotes a cynical view of marriage and

11020-513: The farm and adjoining Forest, some of the time with Stanley Baldwin . In January 1878, Kipling was admitted to the United Services College at Westward Ho! , Devon, a school recently founded to prepare boys for the army. It proved rough going for him at first, but later led to firm friendships and provided the setting for his schoolboy stories Stalky & Co. (1899). While there, Kipling met and fell in love with Florence Garrard, who

11165-530: The father served as Principal of the Mayo College of Art and Curator of the Lahore Museum . Kipling was to be assistant editor of a local newspaper, the Civil and Military Gazette . He sailed for India on 20 September 1882 and arrived in Bombay on 18 October. He described the moment years later: "So, at sixteen years and nine months, but looking four or five years older, and adorned with real whiskers which

11310-572: The film is fast paced (despite being filmed primarily in long medium shots, with little cross-cutting). Hawks told Peter Bogdanovich , "You get more pace if you pace the actors quickly within the frame rather than cross cutting fast". By February 18, the film had been cut to 9,204 feet. It had two advance previews in January 1938, where it received either As or A-pluses on audience-feedback cards. Producer Pandro S. Berman wanted to cut five more minutes, but relented when Hawks, Grant and Cliff Reid objected. At

11455-452: The film to discuss his character, which he said helped his performance. Hawks obtained character actors Charlie Ruggles on loan from Paramount Pictures for Major Horace Applegate and Barry Fitzgerald on loan from The Mary Pickford Corporation to play gardener Aloysius Gogarty. Hawks cast Virginia Walker as Alice Swallow, David's fiancée; Walker was under contract to him and later married his brother William Hawks . As Hawks could not find

11600-412: The film to renegotiate his contract, earning him $ 75,000 plus the bonuses Hepburn was receiving. Grant was concerned about being able to play an intellectual character and took two weeks to accept the role, despite the new contract. Hawks built Grant's confidence by promising to coach him throughout the film, instructing him to watch Harold Lloyd films for inspiration. Grant met with Howard Hughes throughout

11745-586: The film was an ad-lib by Grant, and was not in the script. According to Vito Russo in The Celluloid Closet (1981, revised 1987), the script originally had Grant's character say "I...I suppose you think it's odd, my wearing this. I realize it looks odd...I don't usually...I mean, I don't own one of these". Russo suggests that this indicates that people in Hollywood (at least in Grant's circles) were familiar with

11890-421: The film was very funny, and praising Hawks's direction. Variety also praised the film, singling out Hawks' pacing and direction, calling Hepburn's performance "one of her most invigorating screen characterizations" and saying Grant "performs his role to the hilt"; their only criticism was the length of the jail scene. Film Daily called it "literally a riot from beginning to end, with the laugh total heavy and

12035-521: The film's second preview, the film received rave reviews and RKO expected a hit. The film's musical score is minimal, primarily Grant and Hepburn singing "I Can't Give You Anything But Love, Baby". There is incidental music in the Ritz scene, and an arrangement of "I Can't Give You Anything But Love, Baby" during the opening and closing credits by musical director Roy Webb . The film received good advance reviews, with Otis Ferguson of The New Republic writing

12180-507: The film. The Westlake Street set was shot at 20th Century Fox Studios. Filming was eventually completed on January 6, 1938, with the scenes outside Mr. Peabody's house. RKO producers expressed concern about the film's delays and expense, coming in 40 days over schedule and $ 330,000 over budget, and also disliked Grant's glasses and Hepburn's hair. The film's final cost was $ 1,096,796.23, primarily due to overtime clauses in Hawks's, Grant's and Hepburn's contracts. The film's cost for sets and props

12325-466: The film: David and Susan are engaged, he is not a scientist and there is no dinosaur, intercostal clavicle or museum. However, Susan gets a pet panther from her brother Mark to give to their Aunt Elizabeth; David and Susan must capture the panther in the Connecticut wilderness with the help of Baby's favorite song, "I Can't Give You Anything but Love, Baby". Hawks then hired screenwriter Dudley Nichols , best known for his work with director John Ford , for

12470-541: The final prints were made a few days after shooting ended. The first cut of the film (10,150 feet long) was sent to the Hayes Office in mid-January. Despite several double entendres and sexual references it passed the film, overlooking Grant saying he "went gay" or Hepburn's reference to George urinating. The censor's only objections were to the scene where Hepburn's dress is torn, and references to politicians (such as Al Smith and Jim Farley ). Like all Hawks's comedies,

12615-539: The first dawnings of The Jungle Books came to Kipling: "The workroom in the Bliss Cottage was seven feet by eight, and from December to April, the snow lay level with its window-sill. It chanced that I had written a tale about Indian Forestry work which included a boy who had been brought up by wolves. In the stillness, and suspense, of the winter of '92 some memory of the Masonic Lions of my childhood's magazine, and

12760-422: The five-act play down to three acts and labeled it a "classic screwball comedy". The playwright made Suzanne the central character, endowing her with all the feisty comedic strengths of her classic film counterparts. In his adaptation, entitled One Mad Day! (a play on Beaumarchais' original French title), Royce underscored all of the elements of the classic screwball comedy, suggesting that Beaumarchais may have had

12905-612: The genre have persisted or have been paid homage to in later films. Other film scholars argue that the screwball comedy lives on. During the Great Depression , there was a general demand for films with a strong social class critique and hopeful, escapist-oriented themes. The screwball format arose largely due to the major film studios' desire to avoid censorship by the increasingly enforced Hays Code . Filmmakers resorted to handling these elements covertly to incorporate prohibited risqué elements into their plots. The verbal sparring between

13050-572: The genre: it is also found in many of the old Hollywood cycles , including gangster films and traditional romantic comedies. Screwball comedies also tend to contain ridiculous, farcical situations, such as in Bringing Up Baby , where a couple must take care of a pet leopard during much of the film. Slapstick elements are also frequently present, such as the numerous pratfalls Henry Fonda takes in The Lady Eve (1941). One subgenre of screwball

13195-418: The golf-course scenes. The production had a difficult start due to Hepburn's struggles with her character and her comedic abilities. She frequently overacted, trying too hard to be funny, and Hawks asked vaudeville veteran Walter Catlett to help coach her. Catlett acted out scenes with Grant for Hepburn, showing her that he was funnier when he was serious. Hepburn understood, acted naturally and played herself for

13340-445: The home of Kipling's birth, as it was built in 1882 – about 15 years after Kipling was born. Kipling seems to have said as much to the dean when visiting J. J. School in the 1930s. Kipling wrote of Bombay: Mother of Cities to me, For I was born in her gate, Between the palms and the sea, Where the world-end steamers wait. According to Bernice M. Murphy, "Kipling's parents considered themselves ' Anglo-Indians ' [a term used in

13485-610: The impact of colonialism and the removing of animals from their natural habitats: Focusing on the unlikely pairing of zany heiress Susan and befuddled paleontologist David, Bringing Up Baby broaches multiple ecocritical questions: Does a natural history museum and its paleontologist David deserve a $ 1 million donation from Susan's Aunt Elizabeth (May Robson)? Is a rational woman like David's fiancé Alice (Virginia Walker) more or less appealing than an irrational but sexualized Susan? Should wild creatures be extracted and domesticated from colonized jungles? And does reconstructed nature trump

13630-518: The line was too risqué and had to be muffled. The film This Side of Heaven (1934) included a scene in which a fussy, gossipy interior decorator tries to sell a floral fabric pattern to a customer, who knowingly replies, "It strikes me as a bit too gay." After briefly considering Hawks's cousin Carole Lombard for the role of Susan Vance, producers chose Katharine Hepburn to play the wealthy New Englander because of her background and similarities to

13775-485: The local Congregational minister and even playing with red-painted balls when the ground was covered in snow. However, winter golf was "not altogether a success because there were no limits to a drive; the ball might skid two miles (3.2 km) down the long slope to Connecticut river ." Kipling loved the outdoors, not least of whose marvels in Vermont was the turning of the leaves each fall. He described this moment in

13920-448: The man is of a lower social class than the woman ( Bringing Up Baby and Holiday , both 1938). The woman often plans the final romantic union from the outset, and the man is seemingly oblivious to this. In Bringing Up Baby, the woman tells a third party: "He's the man I'm going to marry. He doesn't know it, but I am." These pictures also offered a cultural escape valve: a safe battleground to explore serious issues such as class under

14065-473: The moment, unconsciously swings the ladder from side to side. As they talk, and the ladder sways more and more with each swing, Susan and David finally notice that Susan is in danger. Frightened, she climbs onto the skeleton, eventually causing it to collapse. David grabs her hand before she falls, lifts her onto the platform, and halfheartedly complains about the loss of his years of work on his Brontosaurus as she talks him into forgiving her. Resigning himself to

14210-609: The mood of the Victorian era ), the poems were seen by others as propaganda for brazen-faced imperialism and its attendant racial attitudes; still others saw irony in the poems and warnings of the perils of empire. Take up the White Man's burden— Send forth the best ye breed— Go, bind your sons to exile To serve your captives' need; To wait, in heavy harness, On fluttered folk and wild— Your new-caught sullen peoples, Half devil and half child. — The White Man's Burden There

14355-409: The more traditional romantic comedy ultimately accents love." Other elements of the screwball comedy include fast-paced, overlapping repartee , farcical situations, escapist themes, physical battle of the sexes, disguise and masquerade, and plot lines involving courtship and marriage. Some comic plays are also described as screwball comedies. Screwball comedy gets its name from the screwball ,

14500-463: The museum. After showing him the missing bone which she found by trailing George for three days, Susan, against his warnings, climbs a tall ladder next to the dinosaur to be closer to him. She tells David that her aunt has given her the million dollars, and she wants to donate it to the museum, but David is more interested in telling her that the day spent with her was the best day of his life. They declare their love for each other, and Susan, distracted by

14645-401: The natural landscape of the gendered body? Bringing Up Baby was the second of four films starring Grant and Hepburn; the others were Sylvia Scarlett (1935), Holiday (1938) and The Philadelphia Story (1940). The film's concept was described by philosopher Stanley Cavell as a "definitive achievement in the history of the art of film." Cavell noted that Bringing Up Baby was made in

14790-443: The office, so that it was almost dangerous to approach him." The anecdote continues: "In the hot weather when he (Kipling) wore only white trousers and a thin vest, he is said to have resembled a Dalmatian dog more than a human being, for he was spotted all over with ink in every direction." In the summer of 1883, Kipling visited Simla (today's Shimla ), a well-known hill station and the summer capital of British India. By then it

14935-453: The other of family discord. By the early 1890s, the United Kingdom and Venezuela were in a border dispute involving British Guiana . The U.S. had made several offers to arbitrate, but in 1895, the new American Secretary of State Richard Olney upped the ante by arguing for the American "right" to arbitrate on grounds of sovereignty on the continent (see the Olney interpretation as an extension of

15080-539: The period. He labeled Hepburn's performance "breathless, senseless, and terribly, terribly fatiguing", and added, "If you've never been to the movies, Bringing Up Baby will be new to you – a zany-ridden product of the goofy-farce school. But who hasn't been to the movies?" On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes , the film holds an approval rating of 97% based on 68 reviews, with an average rating of 9/10. The site's critical consensus reads: "With Katharine Hepburn and Cary Grant at their effervescent best, Bringing Up Baby

15225-473: The political and social climate of the age. The contrasting views of him continued for much of the 20th century. Literary critic Douglas Kerr wrote: "[Kipling] is still an author who can inspire passionate disagreement and his place in literary and cultural history is far from settled. But as the age of the European empires recedes, he is recognised as an incomparable, if controversial, interpreter of how empire

15370-534: The portrayal of the upper class in It Happened One Night was brought about by the Great Depression , and the financially struggling moviegoing public's desire to see the upper class taught a lesson in humanity. Another common element of the screwball comedy is fast-talking, witty repartee , such as in You Can't Take It with You (1938) and His Girl Friday (1940). This stylistic device did not originate in

15515-622: The rest of the shoot; she was so impressed by Catlett's talent and coaching ability that she insisted he play Constable Slocum in the film. Most shooting was done at the Arthur Ranch in the San Fernando Valley, which was used as Aunt Elizabeth's estate for interior and exterior scenes. Beginning at the Arthur Ranch shoot, Grant and Hepburn often ad-libbed their dialogue and frequently delayed production by making each other laugh. The scene where Grant frantically asks Hepburn where his bone is,

15660-606: The rest." Kipling then crossed the Atlantic to Liverpool in October 1889. He soon made his début in the London literary world, to great acclaim. In London, Kipling had several stories accepted by magazines. He found a place to live for the next two years at Villiers Street , near Charing Cross (in a building subsequently named Kipling House): "Meantime, I had found me quarters in Villiers Street , Strand , which forty-six years ago

15805-516: The rights to his six volumes of stories for £200 and a small royalty, and the Plain Tales for £50; in addition, he received six-months' salary from The Pioneer , in lieu of notice. Kipling decided to use the money to move to London, the literary centre of the British Empire . On 9 March 1889, he left India, travelling first to San Francisco via Rangoon , Singapore, Hong Kong and Japan. Kipling

15950-446: The role to Robert Montgomery , Fredric March and Ray Milland (all of whom turned it down). Hawks' friend Howard Hughes finally suggested Cary Grant for the role. Grant had just finished shooting his breakthrough romantic comedy The Awful Truth (1937), and Hawks may have seen a rough cut of the unreleased film. Grant then had a non-exclusive, four-picture deal with RKO for $ 50,000 per film, and Grant's manager used his casting in

16095-515: The same room." John Lockwood Kipling, a sculptor and pottery designer, was the Principal and Professor of Architectural Sculpture at the newly founded Sir Jamsetjee Jeejebhoy School of Art in Bombay. John Lockwood and Alice met in 1863 and courted at Rudyard Lake in Rudyard, Staffordshire , England. They married and moved to India in 1865 after John Lockwood had accepted the position as Professor at

16240-579: The scandalised Mother abolished within one hour of beholding, I found myself at Bombay where I was born, moving among sights and smells that made me deliver in the vernacular sentences whose meaning I knew not. Other Indian-born boys have told me how the same thing happened to them." This arrival changed Kipling, as he explains: "There were yet three or four days' rail to Lahore, where my people lived. After these, my English years fell away, nor ever, I think, came back in full strength." From 1883 to 1889, Kipling worked in British India for local newspapers such as

16385-453: The screwball comedy. For example, Alfred Hitchcock's thriller The 39 Steps (1935) features the gimmick of a young couple who finds themselves handcuffed together and who eventually, almost despite themselves, fall in love with one another, and Woody Van Dyke 's detective comedy The Thin Man (1934), which portrays a witty, urbane couple who trade barbs as they solve mysteries together. Some of

16530-492: The script. Wilde would develop the characters and comedic elements of the script, while Nichols would take care of the story and structure. Hawks worked with the two writers during summer 1937, and they came up with a 202-page script. Wilde and Nichols wrote several drafts together, beginning a romantic relationship and co-authoring the Fred Astaire and Ginger Rogers film Carefree a few months later. The Bringing Up Baby script underwent several changes, and at one point there

16675-512: The sexes served as a stand-in for physical and sexual tension. Though some film scholars, such as William K. Everson , argue that "screwball comedies were not so much rebelling against the Production Code as they were attacking – and ridiculing – the dull, lifeless respectability that the Code insisted on for family viewing." The screwball comedy has close links with

16820-499: The slang connotations of the word; however, there is no record that Grant or anyone involved with the film ever discussed the matter publicly. The 1933 film My Weakness had previously used the word "gay" as an overt descriptor of homosexuality; one of two men pining away for the same woman suddenly suggests a solution to their mutual problem: "Let's be gay!" However, the Studio Relations Committee censors decreed that

16965-409: The state of Connecticut ( Bringing Up Baby , The Lady Eve , The Awful Truth ). In Christmas in Connecticut (1945), the action moves to Connecticut and remains there for the duration of the film. New York City is also featured in a lot of screwball comedies, which critics have noted may be because of the economic diversity of the city and the ability to contrast different social classes during

17110-419: The stay with horror, and wondered if the combination of cruelty and neglect that he experienced there at the hands of Mrs Holloway might not have hastened the onset of his literary life: "If you cross-examine a child of seven or eight on his day's doings (specially when he wants to go to sleep) he will contradict himself very satisfactorily. If each contradiction be set down as a lie and retailed at breakfast, life

17255-531: The subsequent hearing and the resulting publicity, Kipling's privacy was destroyed, and he was left feeling miserable and exhausted. In July 1896, a week before the hearing was to resume, the Kiplings packed their belongings, left the United States and returned to England. By September 1896, the Kiplings were in Torquay , Devon, on the south-western coast of England, in a hillside home (Rock House, Maidencombe) overlooking

17400-460: The term's application in 1930s film criticism, "screwball" had been used in baseball to describe both an oddball player and "any pitched ball that moves in an unusual or unexpected way." Obviously, these characteristics also describe performers in screwball comedy films, from oddball Carole Lombard to the unusual or unexpected movement of Katharine Hepburn in Bringing Up Baby (1938). As with

17545-530: The title of his novel as well as the house. The house still stands on Kipling Road, three miles (4.8 km) north of Brattleboro in Dummerston, Vermont : a big, secluded, dark-green house, with shingled roof and sides, which Kipling called his "ship", and which brought him "sunshine and a mind at ease". His seclusion in Vermont, combined with his healthy "sane clean life", made Kipling both inventive and prolific. In

17690-416: The winter I never can understand) and we were extraordinarily and self-centredly content." In this house, which they called Bliss Cottage , their first child, Josephine, was born "in three-foot of snow on the night of 29th December, 1892. Her Mother's birthday being the 31st and mine the 30th of the same month, we congratulated her on her sense of the fitness of things..." It was also in this cottage that

17835-467: The zookeepers do and, mistaking a dangerous leopard from a nearby circus for Baby, they let it out of its cage. David and Susan are jailed by a befuddled town policeman, Constable Slocum, for acting strangely at the house of Dr. Fritz Lehman, where they have cornered the circus leopard, thinking it is Baby. When Slocum does not believe their story, Susan tells him they are members of the "Leopard Gang"; she calls herself "Swingin' Door Susie," and David "Jerry

17980-492: Was a friend of Hawks, and visited the set. The round glasses Grant wears in the film are reminiscent of Harold Lloyd and of Ford. Filming was scheduled to begin on September 1, 1937 and wrap on October 31, but was delayed for several reasons. Production had to wait until mid-September to clear the rights for "I Can't Give You Anything but Love, Baby" for $ 1,000. In August, Hawks hired gag writers Robert McGowan and Gertrude Purcell for uncredited script rewrites, and McGowan added

18125-619: Was also successful in Los Angeles , Portland , Denver , Cincinnati and Washington, D.C. However, it was a financial disappointment in the Midwest, as well as most other cities in the country, including NYC; to RKO's chagrin, the film's premiere in New York on March 3, 1938, at Radio City Music Hall made only $ 70,000 and it was pulled after one week in favor of Jezebel with Bette Davis . During its first run, Bringing Up Baby made $ 715,000 in

18270-402: Was an elaborate pie fight, inspired by Mack Sennett films. Major Applegate had an assistant and food taster named Ali (which was intended to be played by Mischa Auer ), but this character was replaced with Aloysius Gogarty. The script's final draft had several scenes in the middle of the film in which David and Susan declare their love for each other which Hawks cut during production. Nichols

18415-670: Was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature , as the first English-language writer to receive the prize, and at 41, its youngest recipient to date. He was also sounded out for the British Poet Laureateship and several times for a knighthood , but declined both. Following his death in 1936, his ashes were interred at Poets' Corner , part of the South Transept of Westminster Abbey . Kipling's subsequent reputation has changed with

18560-400: Was being treated. Children tell little more than animals, for what comes to them they accept as eternally established. Also, badly-treated children have a clear notion of what they are likely to get if they betray the secrets of a prison-house before they are clear of it." Alice took the children during spring 1877 to Goldings Farm at Loughton , where a carefree summer and autumn was spent on

18705-474: Was boarding with Trix at Southsea (to which Trix had returned). Florence became the model for Maisie in Kipling's first novel, The Light That Failed (1891). Near the end of his schooling, it was decided that Kipling did not have the academic ability to get into Oxford University on a scholarship. His parents lacked the wherewithal to finance him, and so Kipling's father obtained a job for him in Lahore , where

18850-698: Was born in British India , which inspired much of his work. Kipling's works of fiction include the Jungle Book duology ( The Jungle Book , 1894; The Second Jungle Book , 1895), Kim (1901), the Just So Stories (1902) and many short stories, including " The Man Who Would Be King " (1888). His poems include " Mandalay " (1890), " Gunga Din " (1890), " The Gods of the Copybook Headings " (1919), " The White Man's Burden " (1899), and " If— " (1910). He

18995-501: Was delayed, Hawks began looking for a new project. In April 1937, he read a short story by Hagar Wilde in Collier's magazine called "Bringing Up Baby" and immediately wanted to make a film from it, remembering that it made him laugh out loud. RKO bought the screen rights in June for $ 1,004, and Hawks worked briefly with Wilde on the film's treatment. Wilde's short story differed significantly from

19140-561: Was experienced. That, and an increasing recognition of his extraordinary narrative gifts, make him a force to be reckoned with." Rudyard Kipling was born on 30 December 1865 in Bombay in the Bombay Presidency of British India , to Alice Kipling (born MacDonald) and John Lockwood Kipling . Alice (one of the four noted MacDonald sisters ) was a vivacious woman, of whom Lord Dufferin would say, "Dullness and Mrs Kipling cannot exist in

19285-452: Was favourably impressed by Japan, calling its people and ways "gracious folk and fair manners". The Nobel Prize committee cited Kipling's writing on the manners and customs of the Japanese when they awarded his Nobel Prize in Literature in 1907. Kipling later wrote that he "had lost his heart" to a geisha whom he called O-Toyo, writing while in the United States during the same trip across

19430-552: Was in one's head, and that was usually full." Back in Lahore, 39 of his stories appeared in the Gazette between November 1886 and June 1887. Kipling included most of them in Plain Tales from the Hills , his first prose collection, published in Calcutta in January 1888, a month after his 22nd birthday. Kipling's time in Lahore, however, had come to an end. In November 1887, he was moved to

19575-561: Was instructed to write the film for Hepburn, with whom he had worked on John Ford's Mary of Scotland (1936). Barbara Leaming alleged that Ford had an affair with Hepburn, and claims that many of the characteristics of Susan and David were based on Hepburn and Ford. Nichols was in touch with Ford during the screenwriting, and the film included such members of the John Ford Stock Company as Ward Bond , Barry Fitzgerald , D'Arcy Corrigan and associate producer Cliff Reid . John Ford

19720-492: Was intended as an homage to the film, and has contributed to its reputation. In the commentary track for Bringing Up Baby , Bogdanovich discusses how the coat-ripping scene in What's Up, Doc? was based on the scene in which Grant's coat and Hepburn's dress are torn in Bringing Up Baby . The French film Une Femme ou Deux (English: One Woman or Two ; 1985), starring Gérard Depardieu , Sigourney Weaver , and Dr. Ruth Westheimer ,

19865-656: Was no longer light-hearted and spontaneous. Although they would always remain loyal to each other, they seemed now to have fallen into set roles. In a letter to a friend who had become engaged around this time, the 30‑year‑old Kipling offered this sombre counsel: marriage principally taught "the tougher virtues – such as humility, restraint, order, and forethought." Later in the same year, he temporarily taught at Bishop's College School in Quebec , Canada . The Kiplings loved life in Vermont and might have lived out their lives there, were it not for two incidents – one of global politics,

20010-400: Was only $ 5,000 over budget, but all actors (including Nissa and Skippy) were paid approximately double their initial salaries. Hepburn's salary rose from $ 72,500 to $ 122,000, Grant's from $ 75,000 to $ 123,000 and Hawks's from $ 88,000 to $ 203,000; Hawks received an additional $ 40,000 to terminate his RKO contract on March 21, 1938. Hawks's editor, George Hively, cut the film during production and

20155-455: Was primitive and passionate in its habits and population. My rooms were small, not over-clean or well-kept, but from my desk I could look out of my window through the fanlight of Gatti's Music-Hall entrance, across the street, almost on to its stage. The Charing Cross trains rumbled through my dreams on one side, the boom of the Strand on the other, while, before my windows, Father Thames under

20300-419: Was shot from 10 am until well after 4 pm because of the stars' laughing fits. After one month of shooting Hawks was seven days behind schedule. During the filming, Hawks would refer to four different versions of the film's script and make frequent changes to scenes and dialogue. His leisurely attitude on set and shutting down production to see a horse race contributed to the lost time. He took twelve days to shoot

20445-549: Was shown on television during the 1950s, and by the 1960s film analysts (including the writers at Cahiers du Cinéma in France) affirmed the film's quality. In a rebuttal of fellow New York Times critic Nugent's scathing review of the film at the time of release, A. O. Scott has said that you'll "find yourself amazed at its freshness, its vigor, and its brilliance—qualities undiminished after sixty-five years, and likely to withstand repeated viewings." Leonard Maltin stated that it

20590-412: Was the matter. Hawks asked her if she was finished imitating a parrot. Hepburn took Hawks aside, telling him never to talk to her like that again since she was old friends with most of the crew. When Hawks (an even older friend of the crew) asked a lighting tech whom he would rather drop a light on, Hepburn agreed to behave on set. A variation of this scene, with Grant yelling "Quiet!", was incorporated into

20735-520: Was the practice for the Viceroy of India and government to move to Simla for six months, and the town became a "centre of power as well as pleasure". Kipling's family became annual visitors to Simla, and Lockwood Kipling was asked to serve in Christ Church there. Rudyard Kipling returned to Simla for his annual leave each year from 1885 to 1888, and the town featured prominently in many stories he wrote for

20880-538: Was used during the shooting and played two roles in the film; Nissa's trainer stood off-screen with a whip for all of its scenes. Bringing Up Baby was a box-office bomb upon its release, although it eventually made a small profit after its re-release in the early 1940s. Shortly after the film's premiere, Hepburn was one of a group of actors labeled as " box office poison " by the Independent Theatre Owners of America. Her career waned until The Philadelphia Story two years later. The film's reputation began to grow during

21025-452: Was written specifically for Hepburn, and tailored to her personality. Filming began in September 1937 and wrapped in January 1938, over schedule and over budget. Production was frequently delayed by Hepburn and Grant's uncontrollable laughing fits. Hepburn struggled with her comedic performance and was coached by another cast member, vaudeville veteran Walter Catlett . A tame leopard named Nissa

#976023