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86-527: The Kunsthalle Bremen is an art museum in Bremen , Germany . It is located close to the Bremen Old Town on the "Culture Mile" ( German : Kulturmeile ). The Kunsthalle was built in 1849, enlarged in 1902 by architect Eduard Gildemeister, and expanded several more times, most notably in 2011. Since 1977, the building has been designated a Kulturdenkmal on Germany's buildings heritage list. The museum houses

172-534: A broadly liberal and social-democratic city, lost its autonomy under the Hitler regime . During World War II , it was the location of nine subcamps of the Neuengamme concentration camp , mostly for French, Polish, Soviet and Jewish men and Jewish women. After the war, in which almost two thirds of the city's fabric was destroyed, the autonomy was restored. Bremen became one of the founding Bundesländer (or states) of

258-564: A cargo ship that ranged anywhere between 40 and 60 feet long (12 to 18 m). Also on the ships were heavy artillery and horses, which would not have fit in the boat Leutze painted. " Washington Crossing the Delaware " is a 1936 sonnet by David Shulman . It refers to the scene in the painting, and is a 14-line rhyming sonnet of which every line is an anagram of the title. In 1953, the American pop artist Larry Rivers painted Washington Crossing

344-608: A collection of European paintings from the 14th century to the present day, sculptures from the 16th to 21st century and a New Media collection. Among its highlights are French and German paintings from the 19th and 20th centuries, including important works by Claude Monet , Édouard Manet and Paul Cézanne , along with major paintings by Lovis Corinth , Max Liebermann , Max Beckmann and Paula Modersohn-Becker . The New Media section features works by John Cage , Otto Piene , Peter Campus , Olafur Eliasson , and Nam June Paik . The Department of Prints and Drawings has 220,000 sheets from

430-432: A feature that Bremen shares with most of Germany and its neighbouring countries, though. Precipitation is distributed fairly even around the year with a small peak in summer mainly due to convective precipitation, i.e. showers and thunderstorms. Snowfall and the period of snow cover are variable; whereas in some years, hardly any snow accumulation occurs, there has recently been a series of unusually snowy winters, peaking in

516-527: A larger, more light-toned rendering of the same subject which hangs in the U.S. Capitol in Washington, D.C. In both of Powell's works, Perry is shown standing in a small boat rowed by several men in uniform. The Washington painting shows the direction of travel from right to left, and the Perry image shows a reverse direction of motion, but the two compositions are otherwise similar. Both paintings feature one occupant of

602-408: A result of the renovation, golden oak parquet replaced the linoleum, while the 24 halls and intimate cabinets in which the permanent collection is grouped are bathed in color. Between 2009 and 2011, the older constructions of 1961 and 1982 were demolished and two modernist, cubic wings with 5,560 square metres (59,800 sq ft) of gross floor area were added to the old main building according to

688-605: A scandal. Contrary to the plans which had been approved in sandstone red brick facade was built instead. In 1990 the Art Society secured financing for the renovation of the workshops, storage areas and the main Print Room of the now structurally and functionally obsolete building. Between 1996 and 1998, more renovations of the Art Gallery continued under the chairman Georg Abegg and director Wulf Herzogenrath . These were urgent because

774-473: A third of the calculated construction costs (in a city with fewer than 600,000 inhabitants). The state of Bremen and the Federal Republic then provided the other two thirds. Due to unexpected difficulties with the building, construction costs rose to almost 25 million DM, and these additional costs were raised solely by donors who wanted to support the efforts of the Art Society and the board of trustees. As

860-482: A third of the total population, could be classified as having non-German origin/ethnicity. Number of minorities in Bremen by nationality as of 31 December 2022: The recent influx has somewhat moderated the tendency toward an accelerated ageing of the population. As it is, more than half the population of the state of Bremen are over 50, and more than a quarter are over 60. The Stadtbürgerschaft (municipal assembly)

946-521: A worldwide operating company for manufacturing wool and trading in wool and similar products, is headquartered in Bremen. Gleistein is a German cordage factory with head office in Bremen. Bremen has an international airport situated 3 km (2 mi) south of the city centre. Trams in Bremen and local bus services are offered by the Bremer Straßenbahn AG (translates from German as Bremen Tramways Corporation ), often abbreviated BSAG,

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1032-466: Is twinned with: Circles est. 1500: Bavarian , Swabian , Upper Rhenish , Lower Rhenish–Westphalian , Franconian , (Lower) Saxon Washington Crossing the Delaware (1851 painting) Washington Crossing the Delaware is the title of three 1851 oil-on-canvas paintings by the German-American artist Emanuel Leutze . The paintings commemorate General George Washington's crossing of

1118-573: Is 14 ft wide. The third version of the painting, a smaller-scale version of the original, hung in the White House receiving room from 1979 to 2014. The painting was acquired by Mary Burrichter and Bob Kierlin, who contributed to the founding of the Minnesota Marine Art Museum in Winona, Minnesota , and put on display as the centerpiece of the museum's American collection. In May 2022,

1204-688: Is a direct jab at the Daughters of the American Revolution , scrutinizing what Wood interpreted as their unfounded elitism. William H. Powell produced a painting that owes an artistic debt to Leutze's work, depicting Oliver Perry transferring command from one ship to another during the Battle of Lake Erie during the War of 1812 . The original painting now hangs in the Ohio Statehouse , and Powell later created

1290-409: Is a plant of EADS Astrium and the headquarters of OHB-System , respectively the first and the third space companies of European Union. There is also a Mercedes-Benz factory in Bremen, building the C , CLK , SL , SLK , and GLK series of cars. Beck & Co 's headlining brew Beck's and St Pauli Girl beers are brewed in Bremen. In past centuries when Bremen's port was the "key to Europe",

1376-727: Is an exclave of Bremen in Bremerhaven, the "Citybremian Overseas Port Area Bremerhaven" ( Stadtbremisches Überseehafengebiet Bremerhaven ). Bremen is the fourth-largest city in the Low German dialect area after Hamburg, Dortmund and Essen . Bremen's port , together with the port of Bremerhaven at the mouth of the Weser, is the second-largest port in Germany after the Port of Hamburg . The airport of Bremen ( Flughafen Bremen " Hans Koschnick " ) lies in

1462-585: Is currently made up of 72 of the 87 legislators of the state legislature, the Bremische Bürgerschaft who reside in the city of Bremen. The legislature is elected by the citizens of Bremen every four years. Bremen has a reputation as a left-wing city. The port, shipyards and related industries sustained a large and unionised working class. This translated into support for the Social Democrats , considered Bremen's natural governing party. However, in

1548-869: Is now in the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City . The other was in the West Wing reception area of the White House in Washington, D.C. , but in March 2015, was purchased and put on display at the Minnesota Marine Art Museum in Winona, Minnesota . In April 2022 Christie's announced that the smaller painting would be sold at auction the following month, for a pre-sale estimate of $ 15 million to $ 20 million. It sold for $ 43 million. Emanuel Leutze grew up in America, then returned to Germany as an adult, where he conceived

1634-657: Is shown seated and holding his hat within the vessel. The flag depicted is an early version of the flag of the United States (the "Stars and Stripes"), the design of which did not exist at the time of Washington's crossing. The flag's design was first specified in the June 14, 1777, Flag Resolution of the Second Continental Congress , and flew for the first time on September 3, 1777—well after Washington's crossing in 1776. A more historically accurate flag would have been

1720-766: Is the Weserstadion , a pure football stadium, almost completely surrounded by solar cells. It is one of the biggest buildings in Europe delivering renewable energy. With 18,000 students, the University of Bremen is the largest university in Bremen, and is also home to the international Goethe-Institut and the Fallturm Bremen . Additionally, Bremen has a University of the Arts and the Bremen University of Applied Sciences . In 2001,

1806-553: Is the eleventh largest city in Germany; and in terms of population the second largest city in northwest Germany after Hamburg and the eleventh largest in the whole of Germany (see: List of cities in Germany ) . Bremen lies about 50 kilometres (31 miles) east of the city of Oldenburg , 110 kilometres (68 miles) southwest of Hamburg , 120 kilometres (75 miles) northwest of Hanover , 100 kilometres (62 miles) north of Minden and 105 kilometres (65 miles) northeast of Osnabrück . Part of Bremerhaven 's port territory forms an exclave of

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1892-566: The European Union , and after 2015 with the settlement of refugees from Syria and other war-torn regions. Today Bremen has a population of 567,000 and is the 11th largest city in Germany and 5th largest city by area with area of 318.21 km (122.86 sq mi), which makes this city area bigger than Munich . By the second decade of the century out of a population (including Bremerhaven ) of approximately 680,000, over 115,000 had foreign citizenship, and nearly twice that number, almost

1978-634: The Federal Republic (West Germany) . Bremen lies on both sides of the River Weser , about 60 kilometres (37 miles) upstream of its estuary on the North Sea and its transition to the Outer Weser by Bremerhaven. Opposite Bremen's Altstadt is the point where the "Middle Weser" becomes the "Lower Weser" and, from the area of Bremen's port, the river has been made navigable to ocean-going vessels. The region on

2064-523: The Grand Union Flag , hoisted by Washington on January 1, 1776, at Somerville, Massachusetts , as the standard of the Continental Army and the first national flag . Washington's stance, intended to depict him in a heroic fashion, would have been very hard to maintain in the choppy conditions of the crossing. Considering that he is standing in a rowboat, such a stance would have risked capsizing

2150-694: The Kunsthalle Bremen . On September 5, 1942, during World War II , it was destroyed in a bombing raid by the Allied forces . The second painting, a full-sized replica of the first, was begun in 1850 and placed on exhibition in New York in October 1851. More than 50,000 people viewed it. The painting was originally bought by Marshall O. Roberts for $ 10,000—an enormous sum at the time, equivalent to approximately $ 350,000 in 2021. After changing ownership several times, it

2236-525: The North Sea at Bremerhaven , and is completely surrounded by the state of Lower Saxony . Bremen is the centre of the Northwest Metropolitan Region , which also includes the cities of Oldenburg and Bremerhaven, and has a population of around 2.8 million people. Bremen is contiguous with the Lower Saxon towns of Delmenhorst , Stuhr , Achim , Weyhe , Schwanewede and Lilienthal . There

2322-683: The Soviet Union in a suitcase. In 1963 Baldin became Director of the Moscow Architecture Museum. In the autumn of 1989 he visited the Bremen Kunsthalle and reported to the chairman of the Art Society that he had the time to get two paintings and 362 drawings out of Castle Karnzow and had handed them over to the Schtschusev State Research and Science Museum for safekeeping. In the following years he tried repeatedly to return

2408-696: The UNESCO World Heritage Site "Town Hall and Roland on the Marketplace of Bremen". Bremen is well-known through the Brothers Grimm's fairy tale " Town Musicians of Bremen " ( Die Bremer Stadtmusikanten ), and there is a statue dedicated to it in front of the city hall. Bremen has a reputation as a working-class city. The city is home to many multinationals and manufacturing companies headquartered in Bremen include Hachez chocolate and Vector Foiltec . Bundesliga club SV Werder Bremen play in

2494-590: The Weserstadion on the bank of the Weser. For most of its 1,200 year history, Bremen was an independent city within the confederal jurisdiction of the Holy Roman Empire . Its governing merchants and guilds were at the centre of the Hanseatic League that sought to monopolise the North Sea and Baltic Sea trade. To enlarge and confirm its independence, the city had, until the Reformation , to contend with

2580-599: The public transport provider for Bremen. The Bremen S-Bahn covers the Bremen/Oldenburg Metropolitan Region , from Bremerhaven in the north to Twistringen in the south and from Oldenburg in the west, centred on Bremen Central Station . It has been in operation since 2010. This network unified existing regional transport in Bremen as well as surrounding cities, including Bremerhaven , Delmenhorst , Twistringen , Nordenham , Oldenburg , and Verden an der Aller . The network lies completely within

2666-440: The 15th to 20th century, one of largest collections of its kind in Europe. The Kunsthalle Bremen is operated by the non-profit Bremen Art Society ( German : Kunstverein Bremen ), making it the only German museum with an extensive art collection from the 14th to 21st century which is still in private ownership. In 1823, a group of 34 businessmen interested in art founded an Art Society ( German : Kunstverein ) in Bremen with

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2752-525: The 1980s mechanization of the port and closure of the city's leading shipbuilder induced an employment crisis and shook the confidence of the party's traditional voter base. The SPD, which had still polled 51% in 1987, lost its effective majority. The once dominant left-liberal vote split, and coalition government became the norm. The state today is governed by a coalition of the Social Democratic Party, The Greens and The Left . In November 2019

2838-628: The BIW did not reach the threshold in Bremen (and will only receive one seat in Bremerhaven, none in Bremen). Neustadt, Südervorstadt and Gartenstadt Süd between Alte Neustadt and the airport city More contemporary tourist attractions include: The Freie Waldorfschule in Bremen-Sebaldsbrück was Germany's first school built to the Passivhaus low-energy building standard. According to data from

2924-658: The Baldin Collection should be returned to Bremen. Although the collection is not covered by the Plundered Art Laws, the Russian State Duma has so far refused to return it. In 2005 Russia's Culture Minister Alexander Sokolov said that returning the collection to Germany was "out of the question." In 2009 Wilhelm Leibl's 'Bauernmädchen (Peasant Girl)' which was on loan to the Kunsthalle Bremen was restituted to

3010-654: The Berlin City Council, was able to find several items by extensive research and reclamation from the local black market. However, the losses of the Kunsthalle Bremen stand alongside those of the Prussian Cultural Heritage Foundation and the Dresden art collections as the largest and most devastating of any German museum from the war. In all over 1,500 works from the Kunsthalle remain missing today. In

3096-563: The Böttcherstrasse Art Prize and organizing exhibitions of the Förderkreis für Gegenwartskunst (association for the support of contemporary art). In 1945 Soviet Army officer Viktor Baldin discovered the stored works from the Kunsthalle in the basement of Karnzow Castle. In order to protect them from complete destruction, he grabbed drawings by Rembrandt , Titian , Rubens , Goya , Van Gogh and Édouard Manet and brought them to

3182-585: The City of Bremen. The inner city lies on a Weser dune, which reaches a natural height of 10.5 metres (34 feet, 6 inches) above sea level at Bremen Cathedral ; its highest point, though, is 14.4 metres (47 feet, 3 inches) above sea level and lies to the east at the Polizeihaus , Am Wall 196. The highest natural feature in the city of Bremen is 32.5 metres (107 feet) above sea level and lies in Friedehorst Park in

3268-469: The Delaware , which is in the collection of The Museum of Modern Art in New York City. The painting has also inspired copies by Roy Lichtenstein (an abstract expressionist variant painted c. 1951) and Robert Colescott (a parody titled George Washington Carver Crossing the Delaware painted in 1975). Grant Wood makes direct use of Leutze's painting in his own Daughters of Revolution . The painting

3354-718: The Delaware River with the Continental Army on the night of December 25–26, 1776, during the American Revolutionary War . That action was the first move in a surprise attack and victory against Hessian forces at the Battle of Trenton in New Jersey on the morning of December 26. The original was part of the collection at the Kunsthalle in Bremen , Germany, and was destroyed in a bombing raid in 1942, during World War II . Leutze painted two more versions, one of which

3440-477: The Kunsthalle Bremen and today has over 8000 members. The society is funded from foundations, private donations, bequests, and grants from the city of Bremen. Supported by numerous foundations and patrons, the Art Society put out a competitive bid for a new museum building. A then very young Lueder Rutenberg—himself a member of the Art Association—won against prominent competitors. The Society broke ground on

3526-404: The Kunsthalle on 1 July 1847, becoming the first Society in Germany with its own building. The construction project was located on a former rubbish dump in the vicinity of the old city ramparts and the building was finished in 1849. Rutenberg's design was of a dignified but understated two-story building with a three-axis central projection of round arches. While the collections were largely owned by

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3612-565: The Kunstverein, the property itself was owned by the city. Four stone figures over the entrance are of Raphael , Michelangelo , Dürer , and Rubens , created by the sculptor Adolph Steinhäuser (1825–1858). After another competition among Bremen architects, a much-needed enlargement was commissioned in 1898. Albert Dunkel was selected to design the interiors, Eduard Gildemeister for the monumental sandstone facade, and decoration by renowned sculptors Georg Roemer and Georg Wrba . The foundation work

3698-557: The Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development, Bremen had a GDP per capita of $ 53,379 in 2013, higher than the average for Germany as a whole. For comparison, in 2013, the World Bank reported Germany had a GDP per capita of $ 46,268, and the EU overall had a GDP per capita of $ 35,408 in the same year. Bremen is the second development centre of the region, after Hamburg . It forms part of

3784-719: The aforementioned institutes, especially within the MARUM a center for marine environmental sciences, affiliated to the University of Bremen. Furthermore, The Fraunhofer Society is present in Bremen with centers for applied material research (IFAM ) and medical image computing (MEVIS ). The Centre for Economics Education in the Unterwesergebiet (BWU) is a vocational education and training institution based in Bremen. It specializes in providing business-related education and professional development programs for individuals and businesses. Bremen

3870-439: The aim of "spreading a sense of beauty and form." It is one of the oldest such societies in Germany. The first years of the association's activities were focused on private art exhibitions, with the acquisition of works backed financially from ticket proceeds and business donations. Ten years after its founding, the Society owned 13 paintings, 585 drawings and 3917 leaf prints. The majority of the paintings were Old Masters, including

3956-449: The area of the Bremen-Lower Saxony Transport Association , whose tariff structure applies. Bremen is home to the football team Werder Bremen , who won the German Football Championship for the fourth time and the German Football Cup for the fifth time in 2004, making them only the fourth team in German football history to win the double; the club won the German Football Cup for the sixth time in 2009. The home stadium of SV Werder Bremen

4042-624: The art society. The new Art Gallery opened on 20 August 2011 and held its first major exhibition at the on 15 October 2011. [3] The museum's paintings span the 14th century to the present day and are primarily West European. Among the collection's highlights are French and German works from the 19th and 20th centuries, including important pieces by Paul Cézanne , Édouard Manet , Claude Monet , Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec and Vincent van Gogh . It holds major paintings by Max Beckmann , Lovis Corinth , Max Liebermann , and Paula Modersohn-Becker . The museum also houses early modernist works by artists from

4128-457: The artwork due to debt and not Nazi persecution. There have been many more claims and it is not known how many Nazi looted artworks remain in the museum; research is ongoing, focusing on Bremen collectors and art dealers Arnold Blome, Heinrich Glosemeier and Hugo Oelze. Bremen Bremen is the largest city on the River Weser , the longest river flowing entirely in Germany, lying some 60 km (37 mi) upstream from its mouth into

4214-420: The artwork to the Bremen Art Society by appealing to the highest authorities of the USSR , but without success. The whole issue of " looted art " from Germany was still taboo at that time. In 1995, a show named after him was held in the Hermitage collection in St. Petersburg. In February 2003, the then Russian Minister of Culture, after a formal request of the Kunstverein in 2000, provided a written commitment that

4300-490: The astronomer Heinrich Wilhelm Matthias Olbers reported to have measured −27.3 °C on 23 January 1823. Being at some distance from the main North Sea, Bremen still has a somewhat wider temperature range than Bremerhaven that is located on the mouth of Weser. Average temperatures have risen continually over the last decades, leading to a 0.6 °C (1.1 °F) rise in the mean annual temperature between 1961–90 and 1981–2010 reference periods. As in most parts of Germany,

4386-429: The boat. However, historian David Hackett Fischer has argued that everyone would have been standing up to avoid the icy water in the bottom of the boat, as the actual Durham boats used were much larger, had a flat bottom, higher sides, a broad beam (width) of some eight feet and a draft of 24–30 inches. Washington's boats were actually substantially larger than the boat in the painting. Washington and his men sailed on

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4472-974: The city also had a large number of wine importers, but the number is down to a precious few. Apart from that there is another link between Bremen and wine: about 800 years ago, quality wines were produced here. Bremen is not the place where the largest wine cellar in the world is located although it was once said to hold over 1 million bottles, but during WWII was raided by occupying forces. A large number of food producing or trading companies are located in Bremen with their German or European headquarters: Anheuser-Busch InBev (Beck's Brewery), Kellogg's , Kraft Foods (Kraft, Jacobs Coffee, Milka Chocolate, Milram, Miràcoli), Frosta (frosted food), Nordsee (chain of sea fast food), Melitta Kaffee, Eduscho Kaffee, Azul Kaffee, Vitakraft (pet articles and food for cats, dogs, birds, fish, rodents and other pets), Atlanta AG (Chiquita banana), chocolatier Hachez (fine chocolate and confiserie), feodora chocolatier. Bremer Woll-Kämmerei (BWK),

4558-425: The collection should be housed outside the city in safety. The removal of the artworks began in 1943 to four different places: the paintings, drawings and graphic sheets were divided between Karnzow Castle of Count Königsmarck near Kyritz , Neumühle Castle of Count von der Schulenburg in Salzwedel , and Schwöbber Castle near Hameln . The sculptures were taken to the princely crypt at Bückeburg Castle. Karnzow Castle

4644-406: The distant boats all lend depth to the painting and emphasize the boat carrying Washington. The men in the boat represent a cross-section of the American colonies, including one in a Scottish bonnet and another of African descent facing backward next to each other in the front. A western rifleman is at the bow, two farmers in broad-brimmed hats are near the back (one with a bandaged head), and one at

4730-427: The drawing “Madonna and Child” by Francesco Trevisani which had been taken from the Jewish collector Michael Berolzheimer . In 2016 the Kunsthalle restituted then repurchased a drawing 'Felsige Waldlandschaft mit weitem Ausblick' by Isaak Majo looted from Arthur Feldmann , a Jewish collector murdered in the Holocaust. The Kunsthalle rejected a claim from the heirs of the artist George Grosz stating that he had lost

4816-403: The exhibition halls were in poor condition, the lighting did not meet the requirements and climate conditions did not meet international standards. In 1995 the Art Society's board of trustees began a "Save the Art Gallery" capital campaign under the leadership of the merchant and deputy chairman Dieter Harald Berghöfer, which reached out to patrons. Within one year it had received 7 million marks,

4902-404: The famous Madonna of Masolino and a series of paintings of Dutch painters of the 17th century, such as Jan van Goyen and Pieter Wouwerman . After 1843, large public exhibitions were organized in association with similar associations in Hannover , Lübeck , Greifswald , Rostock and Stuttgart . By 1846 the society had grown to 575 members. The Kunstverein Bremen is still the exclusive owner of

4988-416: The fuselage section (excluding the cockpit) of the A400M military transport aircraft takes place before delivery on to Spain. More than 3,100 persons are employed at Airbus Bremen, the second largest Airbus site in Germany. As part of the Centre of Excellence – Wing/Pylon, Bremen is responsible for the design and manufacture of high-lift systems for the wings of Airbus aircraft. The entire process chain for

5074-401: The heirs of Alexander Lewin , a Jewish collector who was persecuted and plundered by Nazis. In 2013, the Kunsthalle Bremen reached an agreement with the Berolzheimer heirs concerning "Rückenfigur einer Frau im faltigen Gewand“ von Giacomo Cavedone (1577–1660) which the museum had acquired in 1941 after the Jewish owners had been forced to auction it in 1937. In 2014 the Kunsthalle restitution

5160-443: The high-lift elements is established here, including the project office, technology engineering, flight physics, system engineering, structure development, verification tests, structural assembly, wing equipping and ultimate delivery to the final assembly line. In addition, Bremen manufactures sheet metal parts like clips and thrust crests for all Airbus aircraft as part of the Centre of Excellence – Fuselage and Cabin. In Bremen there

5246-453: The idea for this painting during the Revolutions of 1848 . Hoping to encourage Europe's liberal reformers through the example of the American Revolution, and using American tourists and art students as models and assistants, among them Worthington Whittredge and Andreas Achenbach , Leutze finished the first painting in 1850. Just after it was completed, the first version was damaged by fire in his studio, subsequently restored, and acquired by

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5332-420: The immediate postwar period, the conditions of the museum and the activities of the Art Society were extremely difficult. Between 1947 and 1948, soldiers of the US Army were billeted in the art gallery, Print Room and Board Room. Because of war damage the building was unusable for displaying art, although exhibitions were organized at other locations starting in 1946. In 1948, ten rooms upstairs were again opened to

5418-437: The left bank of the Lower Weser, through which the Ochtum flows, is the Weser Marshes, the landscape on its right bank is part of the Elbe-Weser Triangle . The Lesum , and its tributaries, the Wümme and Hamme , the Schönebecker Aue and Blumenthaler Aue , are the downstream tributaries of the Weser. The city's municipal area is about 38 kilometres (24 miles) long and 16 kilometres (10 miles) wide. In terms of area, Bremen

5504-525: The nearby art colony of Worpswede . Other represented artists include: The Department of Prints and Drawings has 220,000 sheets from the 15th to 20th century, including hand drawings, aquarelles , copperplate prints, and printed graphs. It is one of largest and most important collections of its kind in Europe. Artists include: The New Media section features works by John Cage , Otto Piene , Peter Campus , Olafur Eliasson , Nam June Paik and others. The Kunstverein promotes current art trends by awarding

5590-437: The northwestern borough of Burglesum. As a result, Bremen has the lowest high point of all the German states . Bremen has a moderate oceanic climate ( Köppen climate classification Cfb ) due to its proximity to the North Sea coast and temperate maritime air masses that move in with the predominantly westerly winds from the Atlantic Ocean. However, periods in which continental air masses predominate may occur at any time of

5676-428: The painting Washington Crossing the Delaware by Emanuel Leutze , which because of its size could not be removed. Today a second version hangs in the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York . After this damage, large parts of the collection were moved to protected areas underneath the Bremer Landesbank and Norddeutschen Kreditbank. As the severity of air raids on Bremen increased, Mayor Böhmcker finally decreed that

5762-411: The painting for over 90 years turned out not to be the original frame that Leutze designed. A photograph taken by Mathew Brady in 1864 was found in the New-York Historical Society in 2007 showing the painting in a spectacular eagle crested frame. The 12 ft x 21 ft carved replica frame was created using this photo by Eli Wilner & Company in New York City. The carved eagle-topped crest alone

5848-530: The plans by architects Hufnagel, Putz and Rafaelian. The main building with 7,410 square metres (79,800 sq ft) of gross floor area was completely renovated and portions modernized. The project cost around €30 million. The families of Friedrich and Peter Lürßen of Lürssen shipyard fame and the Karin and Uwe Hollweg Foundation contributed a third, and the city of Bremen and the Federal Government each one-third of these costs. Additional costs of €3.5 million for among other things geothermal heating were covered by

5934-448: The private Jacobs University Bremen was founded. All major German research foundations maintain institutes in Bremen, with a focus on marine sciences: The Max Planck Society with the Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology , and the Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Scientific Community with the Center for Tropical Marine Ecology (zmt). The Bremerhaven-based Alfred-Wegener-Institute of the Helmholtz Association closely cooperates with

6020-408: The production network of Airbus SAS and this is where equipping of the wing units for all widebody Airbus aircraft and the manufacture of small sheet metal parts takes place. Structural assembly, including that of metal landing flaps, is another focal point. Within the framework of Airbus A380 production, assembly of the landing flaps (high lift systems) is carried out here. The pre-final assembly of

6106-404: The public for the 125th anniversary of the Art Society. After further repairs, all rooms on the upper floor were usable again by the end of 1951. In 1961 an extensive restoration was carried out which repaired the heavy war damage. The staircase and the front entrance were modernized in the style of the time. An extension to the building was completed in 1982 by architect Werner Düttmann and caused

6192-606: The record year 2010 counting 84 days with a snow cover. Nevertheless, snow accumulation of more than 20 centimetres (8 in) remains exceptional, the record being 68 centimetres (26.8 in) of snow on 18 February 1979. The warmest months in Bremen are June, July, and August, with average high temperatures of 20.2 to 22.6 °C (68.4 to 72.7 °F). The coldest are December, January, and February, with average low temperatures of −1.1 to 0.3 °C (30.0 to 32.5 °F). Typical of its maritime location, autumn tends to remain mild well into October, while spring arrives later than in

6278-419: The reference periods of 1961–90 and 1991–2020. This trend has continued over the last 10 years (2011–2020), which average 1680 hours of sunshine, almost 200 hours more than in the international reference period of 1961–90. Nevertheless, especially the winters remain extremely gloomy by international standards with December averaging hardly more than one hour of sunshine (out of 7 astronomically possible) per day,

6364-505: The right-wing group Phalanx 18 was banned by the city-state of Bremen. One of the two mayors ( Bürgermeister ) is elected President of the Senate ( Präsident des Senats ) and serves as head of the city and the state. The current mayor is Andreas Bovenschulte . Provisional results; the AfD did not reach the 5% threshold in Bremerhaven (and will hence only receive seats for votes from Bremen),

6450-580: The southern borough of Neustadt-Neuenland and is Germany's 12th-busiest airport . Bremen is a major cultural and economic hub of Northern Germany. The city is home to dozens of historical galleries and museums, ranging from historical sculptures to major art museums, such as the Bremen Overseas Museum ( Übersee-Museum Bremen ) or the Weserburg . The Bremen City Hall and the Bremen Roland form

6536-497: The southwestern parts of the country. Bremen's economy boomed in line with the West German Wirtschaftswunder of the 1950s and 60s. This saw the growth, and permanent settlement, of a large migrant worker population, drawn largely from Turkey and southern Europe. A new wave immigration occurred after the turn of new century, following the entry of Poland , Bulgaria and other former East Bloc countries into

6622-405: The stern wearing what appears to be Native American clothing to symbolize that all people in the new United States of America were represented. According to the 1853 exhibition catalogue, the man standing next to Washington and holding the flag is Lieutenant James Monroe , future president of the United States , and the man leaning over the side is General Nathanael Greene . General Edward Hand

6708-597: The temporal power of the Church , and after the Thirty Years' War with Sweden , the masters of the surrounding Duchy of Bremen-Verden . George 1 Louis , the Elector of Hannover (and from 1714, King of Great Britain and Ireland ) who in 1715 acquired Bremen-Verden, recognized Bremen as a free city in 1720. The city was captured in 1806 and then annexed by France in 1810, before it regained independence in 1815. In 1871, Bremen

6794-416: The third version of the painting was auctioned by Christie's and sold for $ 45 million. The painting is notable for its artistic composition . General Washington is emphasized by an unnaturally bright sky, while his face catches the upcoming sunlight. The colors consist of mostly dark tones, expected at dawn, and there are red highlights repeated throughout the painting. A foreshortening perspective and

6880-429: The year 2014 has been the warmest year on record averaging 11.1 °C (52.0 °F), making Bremen the second-warmest German state after Berlin in 2014. While Bremen is located in the comparatively cloudy northwestern part of Germany, there has been a significant increase in average sunshine hours over the last decades, especially in the months of April, May, and July, causing the annual mean to rise by 121 hours between

6966-555: The year and can lead to heat waves in the summer and prolonged periods of frost in the winter. In general though, extremes are rare in Bremen and temperatures below −15 °C (5.0 °F) and above 35 °C (95.0 °F) occur only once every couple of years. The record high temperature was 37.6 °C (99.7 °F) on 9 August 1992, while the official record low temperature was −23.6 °C (−10.5 °F) on 13 February 1940. On 13 October 2018, Bremen recorded its warmest October day on record with 28.6 °C (83.4 °F). However,

7052-424: Was begun in 1899 and on 15 February 1902 the opening ceremony took place. The facade was under construction until 1904. The expansion was funded by foundations and businessmen in Bremen. The art gallery was closed shortly after the outbreak of war and the collection was initially stored in the basement. On the night of 5 September 1942, a fire bomb destroyed the central staircase and six rooms upstairs. It also burned

7138-523: Was drawn by Prussia into the German Empire . With its new sea anchorage and wharves at Bremerhaven, it was the principal port of embarkation for German and central European emigrants to the Americas, and an entrepôt for Germany's late developing colonial trade. The Norddeutscher Lloyd (NDL), founded in Bremen in 1857, became one of the world's leading shipping companies. In the twentieth century, Bremen,

7224-671: Was exhibited for several years at the United Methodist Church in Washington Crossing, Pennsylvania , not far from the scene of the painting. Today, it is on exhibition at the Metropolitan Museum of Art. In January 2002, the painting was defaced when a former Metropolitan Museum of Art guard glued a picture of the September 11 attacks to it. No major damage was caused to the painting. The simple frame that had been with

7310-606: Was finally donated to the Metropolitan Museum of Art by John Stewart Kennedy in 1897. Washington Rallying the Troops at Monmouth , Leutze's companion piece to Washington Crossing the Delaware is displayed in the Heyns (East) Reading Room of Doe Library at the University of California, Berkeley . The painting was lent at least twice in its history. In the early 1950s, it was part of an exhibition in Dallas , Texas. Then, beginning in 1952, it

7396-502: Was located in the Margraviate of Brandenburg closer to Berlin and it held 50 paintings, 1715 drawings and about 3000 prints from the collection. The castle was taken in May 1945 by Soviet troops and on their return home it was plundered. The Soviets also left the hiding place open, with the result that works of art were within the reach of everyone. Berlin sculptor Kurt Reutti, head of a unit of

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