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92-549: Brazelton is a surname. Notable people with the surname include: Conni Marie Brazelton (born 1955), American film and television actress appearing on ER (TV series) Dewon Brazelton (born 1980), major league pitcher currently a free agent Kitty Brazelton (born 1951), American vocalist, composer, flutist, and lead singer of the band Dadadah Ralph Brazelton Peck (1912–2008), civil engineer specializing in soil mechanics T. Berry Brazelton (1918–2018), pediatrician and author in

184-501: A Serbian version of ER. Urgentni Centar premiered on October 6, 2014, on TV Prva . As of 2023, four seasons of the show have been filmed. In January 2014, Warner Bros. International Television with RCN , Fox International Channels and TC announced a Colombian version of ER. In March 2014, Warner Bros. International Television and StarLight Films announced a Ukrainian version of ER. In February 2015, Warner Bros. International Television and Medyapım announced

276-469: A Turkish version of ER. Original cast member Noah Wyle revealed that in 2020 there were talks to revive the show. However, development of that series stalled due to issues with the estate of creator Michael Crichton , and in early 2024, Wyle was announced as starring in a new medical drama from Warner Bros. and original ER showrunner John Wells , The Pitt . That August, the Crichton estate brought

368-417: A medical student in a busy hospital emergency room . Producers were not interested in the screenplay, and Crichton turned to other topics. In 1990, he published the novel Jurassic Park , and in 1993 began a collaboration with director Steven Spielberg on the film adaptation of the book. After its release, Crichton and Spielberg then turned to what was now known as ER , but Spielberg decided to film

460-551: A Fellowship by the independent Colleges of Medicine of South Africa (CMSA), following British tradition, or as a Magisterial degree by the university (usually the M Med, Master of Medicine , degree). The Medical schools and the CMSA also offer Higher Diplomas in many fields. Research degrees are the MMed and PhD or MD , depending on the university. Medical students from all over the world come to South Africa to gain practical experience in

552-457: A GP or a medical or surgical specialist. Medical education is normally a five-year Bachelor degree , including a one-year internship (or clinical rotation, during which students are actively involved in patient care) before the final degree is awarded. Although some medical schools run three-year programs, hospitals tend to recruit physicians who have graduated from five-year programs. Students who graduate from medical school must work 1–3 years in

644-567: A May 1985 installment of Dallas received a 46. The share represents the percentage of TVs in use tuned in to that show. Throughout the series ER received positive reviews from critics and fans alike. Marvin Kitman from Newsday said: "It's like M*A*S*H with just the helicopters showing up and no laughs. E.R. is all trauma; you never get to know enough about the patients or get involved with them. It's just treat, release and move on." Richard Zoglin from TIME stated that it's "probably

736-532: A deal with Warner Bros. Domestic Television Distribution to stream all 15 seasons of the show. The show arrived on HBO Max in January 2022. In 1996, Atlantic Records released an album of music from the first two seasons, featuring James Newton Howard 's theme from the series in its on-air and full versions, selections from the weekly scores composed by Martin Davich (Howard scored the two-hour pilot, Davich scored all

828-539: A faculty of a university. Medical school is usually 5–6 years, and by the end of the 5–6 years, the students acquire a bachelor's degree in Medicine and Surgery. Post graduating there is a mandatory one-year full-time internship at one of the universities or Government Teaching hospitals in the four major Specialty in 3 months rotation, then a license is issued after a written exam conducted by the Sudan medical council (SMC). During

920-496: A further year of community service in order to register with the Health Professions Council and practice as a doctor in the country. Specialisation is usually a five- to seven-year training process (depending on the specialty) requiring registering as a medical registrar attached to an academic clinical department in a large teaching hospital with appropriate examinations. The specialist qualification may be conferred as

1012-569: A large sized hospital. Medical education lasts for 5 years after which the student graduates with an undergraduate (MD) degree. This is followed by a mandatory 12-month full-time internship at an approved hospital after which one applies for registration with the Medical Council of Tanzania (MCT) if they intend to practice medicine in the country. The first two years of medical school cover the Bio medical sciences or simply basic (pre-clinical) sciences while

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1104-669: A lawsuit against Warner Bros., Wells, and Wyle, alleging that The Pitt was in fact an unauthorized remake of ER which could not be produced without the estate's approval; Warner Bros. has denied the allegation, calling The Pitt "a new and original show." Medical student Medical schools can also carry out medical research and operate teaching hospitals . Around the world, criteria, structure, teaching methodology, and nature of medical programs offered at medical schools vary considerably. Medical schools are often highly competitive, using standardized entrance examinations , as well as grade point averages and leadership roles, to narrow

1196-645: A male character was changed to a female character ( Susan Lewis ) and the Peter Benton character's race was changed to African-American. The running time was shortened by about 20 minutes in order for the pilot to air in a two-hour block on network TV. Because of a lack of time and money necessary to build a set, the pilot episode of ER was filmed in the former Linda Vista Hospital in Los Angeles , an old facility that had ceased operating in 1990. A set modeled after Los Angeles County General Hospital 's emergency room

1288-463: A medical degree, a physician typically may not legally practice medicine until licensed by the local government authority. Licensing may also require passing a test, undergoing a criminal background check, checking references, paying a fee, and undergoing several years of postgraduate training . Medical schools are regulated by each country and appear in the World Directory of Medical Schools which

1380-613: A medical faculty. The CUHK Faculty of Medicine offers the Dynamic Year 2 (DY2) option, which allows high-achieving students who have acquired a certain minimum level in relevant academic qualifications to be admitted directly to Year 2. Prior to the introduction of the HKDSE in 2012, both medical programmes had a duration of five years for students taking the Hong Kong Advanced Level Examination (HKALE) . Admission to

1472-468: A medical program is highly competitive as the number of intakes each year is limited. As of 2024, the first year intake of each program is 295 (590 in total). Hence, candidates need to attain an excellent examination result and good performance in interviews. The schools put a great emphasis on students' languages (both Chinese and English) and communication skills as they need to communicate with other healthcare professionals and patients or their families in

1564-424: A series of cast additions and departures began that would see the entire original cast leave over time. Stringfield was the first to exit the series, reportedly upsetting producers who believed she wanted to negotiate for more money, but the actress did not particularly care for "fame." She would return to the series from 2001 until 2005. Clooney departed the series in 1999 to pursue a film career, and Margulies exited

1656-429: A specific person led you to this page, you may wish to change that link by adding the person's given name (s) to the link. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Brazelton&oldid=830424799 " Category : Surnames Hidden categories: Articles with short description Short description is different from Wikidata All set index articles ER (TV series) ER

1748-558: A student having completed an appropriate undergraduate degree with basic sciences can enter into a four-year postgraduate program. South African medical schools award the MB ChB degree, except the University of the Witwatersrand, which styles its degree MB BCh . Some universities allow students to earn an intercalated degree, completing a BSc (Medical) with an additional year of study after

1840-667: A three-year master's degree. Acceptance into Medical School is based on the Fiji Year 13 Certificate Examination used for all universities. In all over Fiji, the Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS) Degree courses have been always taught in English medium. In Hong Kong , medical programmes are bachelor's degrees with a usual duration of six years, leading to the degrees of Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery . Students are eligible upon graduating secondary school, and sitting

1932-613: A university-affiliated hospital, after which the student is eligible to take the National Medical Licensing Examination (NMLE) for physician certification, which is conducted by the National Medical Examination Center (NMEC). Candidates who pass are certified as physicians by the Ministry of Health. Clinical specialization usually involves a two-or three-year Master degree . Acceptance is based on

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2024-473: A university. Medical education lasts for 6 years after which the student graduates with an undergraduate ( MBChB ) degree. This is followed by a mandatory 12-month full-time internship at an approved hospital after which one applies for registration with the Kenya Medical Practitioners and Dentists Board if they intend to practice medicine in the country. The first two years of medical school cover

2116-402: Is Postgraduate training such as the degree of Master of Medicine ( MMed ) which is a three-year programme, available at Makerere University School of Medicine in several disciplines. Makerere University School of Public Health , offers the degree of Master of Public Health (MPH) following a 22-month period of study, which includes field work. In Zimbabwe , there are three medical schools

2208-477: Is an American medical drama television series created by Michael Crichton that aired on NBC from September 19, 1994, to April 2, 2009, with a total of 331 episodes spanning 15 seasons. It was produced by Constant c Productions and Amblin Television , in association with Warner Bros. Television . ER follows the inner life of the emergency room (ER) of Cook County General Hospital, a fictionalized version of

2300-569: Is based on the student's performance in the high school exit examination ( Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education - KCSE). Students who took the AS Level or the SAT can also apply but there is a very strict quota limiting the number of students that get accepted into public universities. This quota does not apply to private universities. There are several medical schools in Nigeria . Entrance into these schools

2392-561: Is going on remains one of the peculiar charms of the breakneck American hospital drama, ER ." In 2002, TV Guide ranked ER No. 22 on their list of "TV's Top 50 Shows," making it the second highest ranked medical drama on the list (after St. Elsewhere at No. 20). Also, the episode " Love's Labor Lost " was ranked No. 6 on TV Guide ' s 100 Greatest Episodes of All-Time list having earlier been ranked No. 3. The show placed No. 19 on Entertainment Weekly 's "New TV Classics" list. Empire ranked it No. 29 in their list of

2484-625: Is highly competitive. Candidates graduating from high school must attain high scores on the West African Examination Council's (WAEC) Senior School Certificate Exam (SSCE/GCE) and high scores in five subjects (Physics, Mathematics, English, Chemistry, and Biology) in the University Matriculation Examination (UME). Students undergo rigorous training for 6 years and culminate with a Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS/MBChB). The undergraduate program

2576-553: Is normally a six-year Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery degree, including a one-year of trainee internship (or clinical rotation, during which students are actively involved in patient care) before the final degree is awarded. Students who graduate from medical school must complete an year of graduate training in a government hospital, after which they are eligible to practice medicine. There are two accredited medical schools in Fiji: Clinical specialization usually involves

2668-467: Is offering Medical degrees. For undergrads, these are University of Zimbabwe - College of Health Sciences {MBChB}, National University of Science and Technology (NUST) Medical school {MBBS} and Midlands State University (MSU) {MBChB}. Only UZ is offering postgrad degrees in the Medical faculty. Training lasts 5 + 1 ⁄ 2 years. The curriculum is as follows: Internships are two years in duration, with

2760-423: Is possible for those who wish to continue to master's degrees in other fields relating to medical sciences such as Public Health, Epidemiology, Biomedical Science, Nutrition. Medical graduates, who wish to be fully qualified as physicians or specialists must meet these conditions: All Medical graduates must complete a thesis defense and pass the national exit exam ( ប្រឡងចេញថ្នាក់ជាតិក្នុងវិស័យសុខាភិបាល ) to become

2852-469: Is six years and one year of work experience in government hospitals. After medical school, graduates are mandated to spend one year of housemanship (internship) and one year of community service before they are eligible to be fully licensed by the Medical and Dental Council. Candidates are required to score at least 280 in the UME. Though this score may vary due to different performances per year and it also depends on

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2944-491: The Third Watch episode "Unleashed" in which Dr. Lewis enlists the help of Officers Maurice Boscorelli and Faith Yokas to find her sister and niece. U.S. seasonal rankings based on average total viewers per episode of ER on NBC are tabulated below. Each U.S. network television season starts in late September and ends in late May, which coincides with the completion of May sweeps . All times mentioned in this section were in

3036-498: The Must See TV primetime block. ER is NBC's third longest-running drama, after Law & Order: Special Victims Unit and Law & Order , and the second longest-running American primetime medical drama of all time, behind ABC's Grey's Anatomy . Starting with season seven, ER was broadcast in the 1080i HD format, appearing in letterbox format when presented in standard definition. On April 2, 2008, NBC announced that

3128-486: The "50 Greatest TV Shows of All Time" and said the best episode was " Hell and High Water " where " Doug Ross ( George Clooney ) saves a young boy from drowning during a flood." In 2012, ER was voted Best TV Drama on ABC 's 20/20 special episode "Best in TV: The Greatest TV Shows of Our Time." In 2013, TV Guide ranked it No. 9 in its list of The 60 Greatest Dramas of All Time and No. 29 in its list of

3220-464: The 1997 " Ambush ," which was broadcast live twice, once for the east coast and again three hours later for the west coast, and 2002's "Hindsight," which ran in reverse time as it followed one character, Dr. Kovač, through the events of a Christmas Eve shift and the Christmas party that preceded it. The episode "Brothers and Sisters" (first broadcast on April 25, 2002) begins a crossover that concludes on

3312-1014: The 60 Best Series. In the same year, the Writers Guild of America ranked ER No. 28 in its list of the 101 Best Written TV Series of All Time. ER has won 128 industry awards from 441 nominations, including the Peabody Award in 1995, TCA Award for Program of the Year in 1995, and Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Drama Series in 1996. It was also nominated for 124 Primetime Emmy Awards (with 23 wins), 25 Golden Globe Awards (with one win), 18 Screen Actors Guild Awards (with eight wins), 12 Directors Guild of America Awards (with four wins), 8 TCA Awards (with two wins), 5 Writers Guild of America Awards (with one win), and 3 Producers Guild of America Awards (with two wins). Warner Home Video has released all 15 seasons in Region 1, Region 2, and Region 4. In

3404-619: The AQF includes the new category of Level 9 Master's (Extended) degrees which permits the use of the term 'Doctor' in the styling of the degree title of relevant professional programs. As a result, various Australian medical schools have replaced their MBBS degrees with the MD to resolve the previous anomalous nomenclature. With the introduction of the Master's level MD, universities have also renamed their previous medical research doctorates. The University of Melbourne

3496-778: The Congo, featuring Dr. Kovač, Dr. Carter, and Dr. Pratt. "We turned some attention on the Congo and on Darfur when nobody else was. We had a bigger audience than a nightly newscast will ever see, making 25 to 30 million people aware of what was going on in Africa," ER producer John Wells said. "The show is not about telling people to eat their vegetables, but if we can do that in an entertaining context, then there's nothing better." The series also focused on sociopolitical issues such as HIV and AIDS , organ transplants , mental illness , racism , human trafficking , euthanasia , poverty and gay rights . Some episodes used creative formats, such as

3588-452: The Eastern and Pacific time zones. Ratings for seasons 1–2 are listed in households (the percentage of households watching the program), while ratings for seasons 3–15 are listed in viewers. In its first year, ER attracted an average of 19 million viewers per episode, becoming the year's second most watched television show, just behind Seinfeld . In the following two seasons (1995–1997), ER

3680-459: The Medical and Dental Council (MDC) of Ghana as House Officers (Interns). Upon completion of the mandatory 2-year housemanship, these medical doctors are permanently registered with the MDC and can practice as medical officers (General Practitioners) anywhere in the country. The housemanship training is done only in hospitals accredited for such purposes by the Medical and Dental Council of Ghana. Following

3772-491: The Sudanese Medical Council. Postgraduate training is conducted by Sudan medical specialisation board (SMSB) and the degree obtained is medical doctor (MD). The duration of training varies from 4–6 years depend on the scientific Council of the specific speciality. In Tanzania , medical school is a school within a university or can be an independent university dealing with health related courses only affiliated with

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3864-513: The Thursday 10:00 pm time slot over on CBS . Crichton was credited as an executive producer until his death in November 2008, although he was still credited as one throughout that entire final season. Wells, the series' other initial executive producer, served as showrunner for the first three seasons. He was the show's most prolific writer and became a regular director in later years. Lydia Woodward

3956-515: The United Kingdom (Region 2), The Complete Series boxset was released on October 26, 2009. On September 12, 2016, the series was re-released in three box sets, Seasons 1–5, Seasons 6–10, and Seasons 11–15. The DVD box sets of ER are unusual in the fact that they are all in anamorphic widescreen even though the first six seasons of the show were broadcast in a standard 4:3 format. ER was shot protecting for widescreen presentation, allowing

4048-531: The United States Tyrone Brazelton (born 1986), American professional basketball player William Brazelton , outlaw and stage robber of the Wild West See also [ edit ] 11369 Brazelton (1998 QE33), a Main-belt Asteroid discovered in 1998 [REDACTED] Surname list This page lists people with the surname Brazelton . If an internal link intending to refer to

4140-549: The University of Allied Health Sciences in Ho, Volta Region, the private Accra College of Medicine, and Family Health University College(Accra), another private medical school. Basic Medical education lasts 6 years in all medical schools. Entry into these medical schools is highly competitive and it is usually based on successful completion of the Senior High School Examinations. The University of Ghana Medical School and

4232-465: The University of Cape Coast have, however, introduced a graduate entry medical program to admit students with mainly science-related degrees into a 4-year medical school program (four and half years for the University of Cape Coast). Students graduating from any of these medical schools get the MBChB degree and the title "Dr". For the first 3 years, students are awarded BSc in the field of Medical Sciences from

4324-495: The University of Ghana medical school; and Human biology for KNUST and UDS medical schools. The University of Ghana Medical School and KNUST School of Medical Sciences in Kumasi use a traditional medical education model whiles the University for Development Studies School of Medicine and School of Medical science of the University of Cape Coast use the problem-based learning model. Medical graduates are then registered provisionally with

4416-456: The Year in 1995, and Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Drama Series in 1996. As of 2014, ER had grossed over $ 3 billion in television revenue. It is considered one of the best medical dramas of all time, pioneering the field of medical fiction and setting a model for other contemporary medical dramas to follow. In 1974, author Michael Crichton wrote a screenplay then entitled " EW " (for emergency ward) based on his own experiences as

4508-482: The award of the degree of Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery ( MBChB ) lasts five years, if there are no re-takes. After graduating, a year of internship in a hospital designated for that purpose, under the supervision of a specialist in that discipline is required before an unrestricted license to practice medicine and surgery is granted by the Uganda Medical and Dental Practitioners Council (UMDPC). There

4600-451: The basic medical (preclinical) sciences while the last four years are focused on the clinical sciences and internship. Completion of formal specialty training in Kenya is followed by two years of supervised clinical work before one can apply for recognition as a specialist, in their respective field, by the medical board. There are no medical school entry examinations or interviews and admission

4692-410: The cast as the seasons went on. In the much later seasons, the show would see the additions of Parminder Nagra as medical student Neela Rasgotra , Scott Grimes as Dr. Archie Morris , Linda Cardellini as Nurse Sam Taggart , Shane West as Dr. Ray Barnett , John Stamos as Paramedic Tony Gates , David Lyons as Dr. Simon Brenner , and Angela Bassett as Dr. Cate Banfield . In addition to

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4784-745: The college standards. There are eleven medical schools in South Africa , each under the auspices of a public university. As the country is a former British colony, most institutions follow the British-based undergraduate method of instruction, admitting students directly from high school into 6 or 5-year programs. Some universities such as the University of the Witwatersrand in Johannesburg have started offering post-graduate medical degrees that run concurrently with their undergraduate programs. In this instance,

4876-654: The country is around 78 times the number of students accepted. Admission is based on the entrance examination, as well as students' individual academic records. The entrance examination has a time limit of one hour. 100 marks are allocated based on objective questions, in which the mark allocation is distributed between a variety of subjects. Biology questions carry 30 marks, Chemistry carries 25, Physics carries 20, English carries 15, and general knowledge carries 10. Additionally, students' previous SSC (Secondary School Certificate) scores carry up to 75 and HSC (Higher Secondary School Certificate) scores carry up to 125 marks towards

4968-506: The country's many teaching hospitals and rural clinics. The language of instruction is English but a few indigenous languages are studied briefly. The University of the Free State has a parallel medium policy, meaning all English classes are also presented in Afrikaans, therefore students who choose to study in Afrikaans, do so separately from the English class. In Sudan , a medical school is

5060-468: The course is four years (plus 12 weeks for project submission). The course covers a variety of topics, including behavioural science, radiological ethics, imaging physics and general procedure. After six years of general medical education (a foundation year + 5 years), all students will graduate with a Bachelor of Medical Sciences (BMedSc) ( បរិញ្ញាប័ត្រ វិទ្យាសាស្រ្តវេជ្ជសាស្ត្រ ). This degree does not allow graduates to work independently as Physician, but it

5152-450: The end of the sixth season but continued to write episodes throughout the series run. Joe Sachs , who was a writer and producer of the series, believed keeping a commitment to medical accuracy was extremely important: "We'd bend the rules but never break them. A medication that would take 10 minutes to work might take 30 seconds instead. We compressed time. A 12- to 24-hour shift gets pushed into 48 minutes. But we learned that being accurate

5244-778: The first 3–4 years the curriculum is completed, and throughout the next 2 years it is repeated with clinical training. Students with high grades in high school are accepted for free in Government Universities. Private faculty accept low grades than governmental faculty but their grades still high. Students who take foreign examinations other than the Sudanese High School Examination are also accepted in Universities, students taking IGCSE/SATs and other Arabian countries. All medical students who want to be enrolled in an internship program should undergo registration under

5336-531: The first year spent in medicine and surgery and the second year doing pediatrics, anesthesia/psychiatry and obstetrics and gynecology. Thereafter one can apply for MMED at the university which last 4–5 years depending on specialty. Currently no subspecialist education is available. Historically, Australian medical schools have followed the British tradition by conferring the degrees of Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS) to its graduates whilst reserving

5428-754: The following year. Season eight saw the departure of La Salle and Edwards when Benton left County General and Greene died from a brain tumor. Wyle left the series after season 11 in order to spend more time with his family, but would return for two multiple-episode appearances in the show's twelfth and final seasons. Maria Bello as Dr. Anna Del Amico , Alex Kingston as Dr. Elizabeth Corday , Paul McCrane as Dr. Robert Romano , Kellie Martin as medical student Lucy Knight , Goran Višnjić as Dr. Luka Kovač , Michael Michele as Dr. Cleo Finch , Erik Palladino as Dr. Dave Malucci , Maura Tierney as Nurse Abby Lockhart , Sharif Atkins as medical student Michael Gallant and Mekhi Phifer as Dr. Greg Pratt all joined

5520-552: The form of Diplomas or Degrees (MS or MD), MPhil and FCPS (Fellowship of the College of Physicians and Surgeons). The University of Dhaka launched a new BSc in "Radiology and Imaging Technology," offering 30 students the opportunity to contribute towards their entrance exam grade. For students who have passed the HSC, this course contributes towards 25% of the mark. The course contributes up to 75% for Diploma-holding students. The duration of

5612-639: The hospital or surrounding streets. In addition, most seasons included at least one storyline located completely outside of the ER, often outside of Chicago . Over the span of the series, stories took place in the Congo , Iraq , France , and Sudan . One early storyline involved a road trip taken by Dr. Ross and Dr. Greene to California and a season eight episode included a storyline in Hawaii featuring Dr. Greene and Dr. Corday. Beginning in season nine, storylines started to include

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5704-554: The last three years are focused on the clinical sciences. There are no medical school entry examinations or interviews and admission is based on students' performance in the high school exit examination (Advanced Certificate of Secondary Education Examination - ACSEE). Alternatively are student who took diploma in clinical medicine with an average of G.P.A 3.5 distinction who have very few seats. As of April 2017 , there are nine accredited medical schools in Uganda . Training leading to

5796-584: The local Hong Kong Diploma of Secondary Education Examination (HKDSE) ( JUPAS candidates) or other international examinations such as the International Baccalaureate and GCE A-Level (non-JUPAS candidates). There are two medical schools in Hong Kong: Both medical faculties are also the sole two institutes offering pharmacy programmes. Meanwhile, other healthcare programmes (like nursing ) can also be found in universities which do not host

5888-422: The main cast, ER featured a large number of frequently seen recurring cast members who played key roles such as paramedics, hospital support staff, nurses, and doctors. ER also featured a sizable roster of well-known guest stars, some making rare television appearances, who typically played patients in single episode appearances or multi-episode arcs. A typical episode centered on the ER, with most scenes set in

5980-676: The most realistic fictional treatment of the medical profession TV has ever presented." NBC launched the show at the same time that CBS launched its own medical drama Chicago Hope ; many critics drew comparisons between the two. Eric Mink, writing for the New York Daily News , concluded that ER may rate more highly in the Nielsens but Chicago Hope told better stories, while Alan Rich , writing for Variety , felt both shows were "riveting, superior TV fare." The Daily Telegraph wrote in 1996: "Not being able to follow what on earth

6072-545: The national entrance examination used for all universities. In all over China, the Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS) Degree courses have been always taught in Chinese medium. There are a few colleges that teach in English and accept foreign medical students. Some of those universities have increased their course duration to 6 years. The degree conferred is known as Bachelor of Clinical Medicine (BCM). Medical education

6164-414: The original pilot script, was made into a regular cast member. Ming-Na debuted in the middle of the first season as medical student Jing-Mei "Deb" Chen , but did not return for the second season; she returns in season 6 episode 10. Gloria Reuben and Laura Innes would join the series as Physician Assistant Jeanie Boulet and Dr. Kerry Weaver , respectively, by the second season. In the third season,

6256-531: The overall examination result. English students prepare themselves for the admission exam ahead of time. This is because as the GCSE and A-Level exams do not cover parts of the Bangladesh syllabus. The undergraduate program consists of five years study, followed by a one-year internship. The degrees granted are Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery ( MBBS ). Further postgraduate qualifications may be obtained in

6348-664: The permanent registration with the Medical and Dental Council, doctors can specialize in any of the various fields that is organized by either the West African College of Physicians and Surgeons or the Ghana College of Physician and Surgeons. Medical officers are also sometimes hired by the Ghana Health Service to work in the District/Rural areas as Primary Care Physicians. In Kenya, medical schools are faculties of

6440-548: The real Cook County Hospital , in Chicago , and the various critical professional, ethical, and personal issues faced by the department's physicians, nurses, and staff. The show is the second longest-running primetime medical drama in American television history behind Grey's Anatomy . The highest awarded medical drama, ER won 128 industry awards from 441 nominations, including the Peabody Award in 1995, TCA Award for Program of

6532-399: The scenes, NBC ordered six episodes. " ER premiered opposite a Monday Night Football game on ABC and did surprisingly well. Then we moved it to Thursday and it just took off," commented Littlefield. ER ' s success surprised the networks and critics alike, as David E. Kelley 's new medical drama Chicago Hope was expected to crush the new series, airing directly opposite ER in

6624-412: The second or third year of the MBChB. The University of Cape Town, in particular, has spearheaded a recent effort to increase the level of medical research training and exposure of medical students through an Intercalated Honours Programme, with the option to extend this to a PhD. Following successful completion of study, all South African medical graduates must complete a two-year internship as well as

6716-514: The selection criteria for candidates. In most countries, the study of medicine is completed as an undergraduate degree not requiring prerequisite undergraduate coursework. However, an increasing number of places are emerging for graduate entrants who have completed an undergraduate degree including some required courses. In the United States and Canada, almost all medical degrees are second-entry degrees , and require several years of previous study at

6808-412: The series and to send the script. Spielberg's Amblin Television provided John Wells as the show's executive producer. Warner Bros. Television pitched ER to NBC , alongside Crichton, Spielberg and Wells. Warren Littlefield , head of NBC Entertainment at the time, liked the project, but there was much debate and controversy among other executives at the network, who were dubious about the nature of

6900-450: The series at the end of the ninth season. Orman was also a frequent writer and directed three episodes of the show. David Zabel served as the series' head writer and executive producer in its later seasons. He initially joined the crew for the eighth season and became an executive producer and showrunner for the twelfth season onward. Zabel was the series' most frequent writer, contributing to 41 episodes. He also made his directing debut on

6992-481: The series would return for its fifteenth season. The fifteenth season was originally scheduled to run for 19 episodes before retiring with a two-hour series finale to be broadcast on March 12, 2009, but NBC announced in January 2009 that it would extend the show by an additional three episodes to a full 22-episode order as part of a deal to launch a new series by John Wells titled Police , later retitled Southland . ER ' s final episode aired on April 2, 2009;

7084-501: The series. Christopher Chulack was the series' most frequent director and worked as a producer on all 15 seasons. He became an executive producer in the fourth season but occasionally scaled back his involvement in later years to focus on other projects. Other executive producers include writers Carol Flint , Neal Baer , R. Scott Gemmill , Joe Sachs, Dee Johnson , Lisa Zwerling , and Janine Sherman Barrois . Several of these writers and producers had background in healthcare: Joe Sachs

7176-402: The series. NBC offered a chance to make a two-hour made-for-TV movie from the script, which was rejected. They then tried to get the show greenlit at rival networks before returning to NBC, who this time around ordered a pilot . The script used to shoot the pilot was virtually unchanged from what Crichton had written in 1974. The only substantive changes made by the producers in 1994 were that

7268-469: The show to be presented in 16:9 open matte (leaving only the title sequence in the 4:3 format). However, as the production of the show was generally conceived with 4:3 presentation in mind, some episodes feature vignetting or unintended objects towards the sides of the frame that would not be visible when presented in the 4:3 format. These episodes also appear in the widescreen format when rerun on TNT HD , Pop and streaming services. In 2018, Hulu struck

7360-461: The story as a two-hour pilot for a television series rather than as a feature film after considering the potential for various stories to be told in the setting. He passed the script on to a team at his production company, Amblin Entertainment . Anthony Thomopoulos , then head of Amblin's television division, got in touch with then CEO of Warner Bros. Television , Les Moonves , about the idea for

7452-464: The subsequent episodes and wrote a new theme used from 2006–2009 until the final episode, when Howard's original theme returned) and songs used on the series. In March 2012, Warner Bros. International Television announced that they would sell the format rights to ER to overseas territories. This allowed foreign countries to produce their own version of the series. In June 2013, Warner Bros. International Television and Emotion Production announced

7544-456: The title of Doctor of Medicine (MD) for their research training degree, analogous to the PhD , or for their honorary doctorates . Although the majority of Australian MBBS degrees have been graduate programs since the 1990s, under the previous Australian Qualifications Framework (AQF) they remained categorised as Level 7 Bachelor degrees together with other undergraduate programs. The latest version of

7636-414: The two-hour episode was preceded by a one-hour retrospective special. The series finale charged $ 425,000 per 30-second ad spot, more than three times the season's rate of $ 135,000. From season 4 to season 6 ER cost a record-breaking $ 13 million per episode. TNT also paid a record price of $ 1 million an episode for four years of repeats of the series during that time. The cost of the first three seasons

7728-800: The university level. Medical degrees are awarded to medical students after the completion of their degree program, which typically lasts five or more years for the undergraduate model and four years for the graduate model. Many modern medical schools integrate clinical education with basic sciences from the beginning of the curriculum (e.g. ). More traditional curricula are usually divided into preclinical and clinical blocks. In preclinical sciences, students study subjects such as biochemistry, genetics, pharmacology, pathology, anatomy, physiology and medical microbiology, among others. Subsequent clinical rotations usually include internal medicine, general surgery, pediatrics, psychiatry, and obstetrics and gynecology, among others. Although medical schools confer upon graduates

7820-461: Was $ 2 million per episode and seasons 7 to 9 cost $ 8 million per episode. The original starring cast consisted of Anthony Edwards as Dr. Mark Greene , George Clooney as Dr. Doug Ross , Sherry Stringfield as Dr. Susan Lewis , Noah Wyle as medical student John Carter , and Eriq La Salle as Dr. Peter Benton . As the series continued, some key changes were made: Nurse Carol Hathaway , played by Julianna Margulies , who attempts suicide in

7912-423: Was a part of the first season production team and became an executive producer for the third season. She took over as showrunner for the fourth season while Wells focused on the development of other series, including Trinity , Third Watch , and The West Wing . John Wells continued to serve as the primary Executive Producer for the remainder of the series. Lydia Woodward left her executive producer position at

8004-409: Was an emergency physician , while Lisa Zwerling and Neal Baer were both pediatricians . The series' crew was recognized with awards for writing, directing, producing, film editing, sound editing, casting, and music. Following the broadcast of its two-hour pilot on September 19, 1994, ER premiered Thursday, September 22 at 10pm. It remained in the same Thursday time slot for its entire run, capping

8096-523: Was built soon afterward at the Warner Bros. studios in Burbank, California , although the show makes extensive use of location shoots in Chicago , most notably the city's famous "L" train platforms. Littlefield was impressed by the series: "We were intrigued, but we were admittedly a bit spooked in attempting to go back into that territory a few years after St. Elsewhere ." With Spielberg attached behind

8188-857: Was formed by the merger of the AVICENNA Directory for Medicine and the FAIMER International Medical Education Directory . By 2005 there were more than 100 medical schools across Africa, most of which had been established after 1970. There are seven medical schools in Ghana: The University of Ghana Medical School in Accra, the KNUST School of Medical Sciences in Kumasi, University for Development Studies School of Medicine in Tamale, University of Cape Coast Medical School and

8280-417: Was important for more reasons than just making real and responsible drama." Woodward was replaced as showrunner by Jack Orman . Orman was recruited as a writer-producer for the series in its fourth season after a successful stint working on CBS's JAG . He was quickly promoted and became an executive producer and showrunner for the series' seventh season. He held these roles for three seasons before leaving

8372-471: Was the first to introduce the MD in 2011 as a basic medical degree, and has renamed its research degree to Doctor of Medical Science (DMedSc). In Bangladesh , admission to medical colleges is organized by the Governing Body of University of Dhaka . A single admission test is held for government and private colleges. Due to the highly competitive nature of these exams, the total number of applicants across

8464-474: Was the most watched show in North America . For almost five years, ER battled for the top spot against Seinfeld , but in 1998, Seinfeld ended and then ER became number one again. The series finale attracted 16.4 million viewers. The show's highest rating came during the episode " Hell and High Water " with 48 million viewers and a 45% market share. It was the highest for a regularly scheduled drama since

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