80-617: The Bravo Otto is a German accolade honoring excellence of performers in film, television and music. Established in 1957, the award is presented annually, with winners selected by the readers of Bravo magazine . The award is presented in gold, silver and bronze and, since 1996, an honorary platinum statuette presented for lifetime achievement. The award was originally presented only to actors, however, in 1960, additional categories were created to recognize musical artists. Over time, various categories have been expanded while other categories have been merged or phased out altogether. As of 2011,
160-466: A 12-part series known as Sexwise , which discussed sex education, family life education, contraception and parenting. It was first launched in South Asia and then extended worldwide. In Taiwan , compared to China's progress, has been a lot more progressive in implementing sex education. However, the controversy lies more in anti-gay groups who argue that including same-sex relationships in sex education
240-649: A 2019 study with Greek students, it is reported that about two-thirds of the students failed to name external female genitals, such as the clitoris and labia, even after detailed pictures were provided to them. A survey conducted in Britain, Canada and the United States by Angus Reid Public Opinion in November 2011 asked adult respondents to look back to the time when they were teenagers, and describe how useful several sources were in enabling them to learn more about sex. By far,
320-415: A 2020 study, 81% of primary school students reported receiving sex education. Sex education was reportedly superficial and focused mostly on biological topics, such as bodily changes during puberty, the process of reproduction, the anatomy of the reproductuve system, and menstruation . Contraception and prevention of sexual violence were also covered. Most of the participants in the study were unsatisfied with
400-712: A U.S. review concludes that "the overwhelming weight of evidence shows that sex education that discusses contraception does not increase sexual activity". The 2007 study found that "No comprehensive program hastened the initiation of sex or increased the frequency of sex, results that many people fear." Further, the report showed "Comprehensive programs worked for both genders, for all major ethnic groups, for sexually inexperienced and experienced teens, in different settings, and in different communities." The United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) recommends comprehensive sexuality education, as it enables young people to make informed decisions about their sexuality. According to UNFPA, It
480-568: A child's parents, and often this was put off until just before their marriage. However, in the late 19th century, the progressive education movement led to the introduction of sex education as " social hygiene " in North American school curricula and the introduction of school-based sex education. During the Second World War , UK governmental concerns grew around mass relocation, parentless youths, and young men and women working together for
560-518: A comprehensive course of action by the school, calculated to bring about the socially desirable attitudes, practices and personal conduct on the part of children and adults, that will best protect the individual as a human and the family as a social institution." Thus, sex education may also be described as "sexuality education", which means that it encompasses education about all aspects of sexuality, including information about family planning , reproduction ( fertilization , conception and development of
640-568: A controversial subject due to conflicting religious, moral, and cultural beliefs regarding its place in adolescent and youth education. Sexual reproduction and different contraceptive methods are taught in grades 8 and 10 (age 14 and 16) compulsorily as a part of the biology course. In 1993, the Adolescent Education Programme (AEP) was initiated by the Government of India which formalised the need for sex education, similarly included in
720-518: A demonstration on the correct use of a condom at a school was suspended due to complaints. The South Korean governement has censored books regarding sex education due to pressure from conservative and parent groups. MBC reported that 67 out of 68 censored sex education books were "harmless", however. Some South Korean parents, who want to properly educate their children about sex, rely on private education for sex education because of unsatisfactory sex education in schools. Indonesia , Mongolia have
800-797: A law that mandates "age-appropriate sex education" in October, 2020, but no outlines have been created yet to clarify how the mandate would be implemented in school. Most recently, China has introduced a new sexual education for students named the 'Healthy China Initiatives (2019–2030)'. The initiative came after a 2015 study by the China Family Planning Association conducted a study that showed only 10% of approximately 20,000 universities reported that they were not content with their sexual education in grade school and were unknowledgeable to violence, gender, contraceptives, sexually transmitted diseases, and pregnancy among other topics. The initiative
880-473: A mainstream phenomenon. Bravo was – primarily in the 1970s and 1980s – formative for generations of German youths and teenagers, which resulted in the paper's nickname of "Pickel-Prawda" ( pimple - Pravda ). The magazine was sometimes confiscated in schools by teachers. Many of today's adults received all of their sexual education from the articles by the Dr. Sommer team. Within the former GDR (East Germany)
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#1732876775311960-875: A result of young people adopting egalitarian attitudes about gender roles. These individuals were also found to be less likely engaged in violent relationships and have a lower rate of STIs including HIV and unintended pregnancy. By emphasizing rights and gender issues, these programs help reduce gender-based violence and bullying, promote safe schools, empower young people to advocate for their own rights, and advance gender equality. "Few sexual health interventions are designed with input from adolescents. Adolescents have suggested that sex education should be more positive with less emphasis on anatomy and scare tactics; it should focus on negotiation skills in sexual relationships and communication; and details of sexual health clinics should be advertised in areas that adolescents frequent (for example, school toilets, shopping centres)." Also,
1040-422: A systematic policy framework for teaching about sex within schools. Malaysia and Thailand have assessed adolescent reproductive health needs with a view to developing adolescent-specific training, messages and materials. Bangladesh , Myanmar , and Pakistan have no coordinated sex education programs. In most Islamic countries, sex education is given after marriage to the couple. In Nepal , sex education
1120-432: Is concerned with an especially sensitive and highly personal part of human life. He suggested that sex education should be taught in the classroom. The problem of pregnancy in adolescents is delicate and difficult to assess using sex education. But Calderone believed otherwise, stating that the answer to adolescents' sexual woes and pregnancy can not lie primarily in school programmes which at best can only be remedial; what
1200-436: Is considered to be very controversial because it deals with different topics which are sometimes too vague and too broad to be used effectively in society. In Thailand there has been progress on sex education, with the boundaries being pushed forward with each revision of the curriculum. The first national policy on sexuality education in schools was announced in 1938, but sex education was not taught in schools until 1978. It
1280-547: Is known as comprehensive sexuality education . In contrast, abstinence-only sex education , which focuses solely on promoting sexual abstinence , is often favored in more socially conservative regions, including some parts of the United States. Sex education may be provided as part of school programs, public health campaigns, or by parents or caregivers. In some countries it is known as "Relationships and Sexual Health Education". Many governments see it as beneficial to provide public education on such matters prior to or at
1360-435: Is lower than that of many other countries, despite being home to the world's third-largest population of persons with HIV/AIDS (as of 2023, with South Africa and Nigeria having more). However, AIDS clinics are not universally available and accessible in across different geographic regions in the country. India has a strong prevention program which goes hand in hand with care, support and treatment. We have been able to contain
1440-468: Is mandatory in school. In Japan, sex education is mandatory from age 10 or 11, mainly covering biological topics such as menstruation and ejaculation . In Sri Lanka , sex education traditionally consisted of reading the reproduction section of biology textbooks. Young people are taught when they are 12 years old. The International Planned Parenthood Federation and the BBC World Service ran
1520-612: Is morally controversial, despite being the first Asian country to legalize same-sex marriage. Therefore, while sex education is required in school, LGBTQ topics have been rejected by many parents in the society, which potentially violates gender equity education in school. From the Journal of Modern Education Review, Taiwan has committed to achieving gender equity since 2004 with its Gender Equity Education Act (Taiwan) (GEEA), which includes curriculum, material, and activities to be practiced and taught in elementary and middle school. But also as
1600-416: Is necessary. Sometimes formal sex education is taught as a full course as part of the curriculum in junior high school or high school. Other times it is only one unit within a more broad biology , health, home economics , or physical education class. Some schools offer no sex education, since it remains a controversial issue in several countries, particularly the United States (especially with regard to
1680-446: Is needed is prevention education and as such parents should be involved. When sex education is contentiously debated, the chief controversial points are whether covering child sexuality is valuable or detrimental; whether LGBT sex education should be integrated into the curriculum; the use of birth control such as condoms and hormonal contraception ; and the impact of such use on pregnancy outside marriage, teenage pregnancy , and
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#17328767753111760-726: Is said to help provide students with knowledge of gender, sexuality, equality, consent, and rights. In South Korea, sex education began in some schools in the 1960s, and has been officially taught in public schools since 1984. A 2007 revision to the School Health Act made health education a mandatory subject in all grade schools, within which topics regarding gender equality, safe sex practices, and sexual ethics were included. Currently, all primary and secondary schools are required to include at least 15 hours of sex education in every school year, though 12 hours can be replaced with other subjects using each school's discretion. According to
1840-469: Is taught over several years, introducing age-appropriate information consistent with the evolving capacities of young people. It includes scientifically accurate, curriculum-based information about human development, anatomy and pregnancy. It also includes information about contraception and sexually transmitted infections (STIs), including HIV. And it goes beyond information, to encourage confidence and improved communication skills. Curricula should also address
1920-814: Is the Rashtriya Kishor Swasthya Karyakram (RKSK), which was launched in 2014 by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare regarding adolescent health programming in the country, including sexual and reproductive health. Non-profit organisations and other groups in the development sector primarily lead the delivery of out-of-school CSE programmes. These organisations and collectives also work closely with relevant governmental ministries and multi-lateral institutions (like UNESCO and WHO) to engage in public advocacy and policy change around acceptance and implementation of sex education. The AIDS prevalence rate in India
2000-429: Is what a pubescent individual is mostly interested in. Reich added that this emphasis obscures what he believed to be a basic psychological principle: that all worries and difficulties originate from unsatisfied sexual impulses. Leepson asserted that the majority of people favor some sort of sex instruction in public schools, and this has become an intensely controversial issue because, unlike most subjects, sex education
2080-481: The Mexico City policy , an initiative put in place by President Ronald Reagan , suspended by President Bill Clinton , and re-instated by President George W. Bush . The Global Gag Rule "required nongovernmental organizations to agree as a condition of their receipt of Federal funds that such organizations would neither perform nor actively promote abortion as a method of family planning in other nations...." The policy
2160-634: The National Curriculum Framework in 2005. However, there was no consensus among states to make it compulsory, and dedicated comprehensive sexuality education (CSE) has not been mandated in any national school curricula. Some states in India have also banned or refused to implement sex education in their states, citing conflict with traditional Indian values. In India, there are many in- and out-of-school programmes promoting sex education, including information on reproduction, sexuality, gender, contraception, STIs, violence, etc. Once such example
2240-415: The embryo and fetus , through to childbirth), plus information about all aspects of one's sexuality including: body image , sexual orientation , sexual pleasure , values , decision making, communication, dating , relationships , sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and how to avoid them, and birth control methods. Various aspects of sex education are considered appropriate in school depending on
2320-552: The risky behaviors reported by young people as well as reductions in unintended pregnancies and STIs. Programs that teach only abstinence have not been shown to be effective. According to UNFPA, "A 2010 review found that 'gender-focused' curricula – meaning curricula that integrate gender equality into the learning material – were substantially more effective in reducing risky behaviors than programmes that did not consider gender." Research has also shown that delay in sexual initiation, use of condoms and practice contraception has been
2400-505: The 2010s there has been a great increase in books about sex education for children and young adults. The state of sex education programs in China barely meets the international standards. China's sex education is absent, although there have been proposals made to include comprehensive sexuality education in the curriculum. Although such proposals have been made, there has not been any solid actions to implement such programs in school, mainly due to
2480-457: The Bravo Otto is presented in a total of 11 competitive categories; Male Film Star, Female Film Star, Male TV Star, Female TV Star, Male Super Singer, Female Super Singer, Super Rapper, Super Rock Band, Super Pop Band, Comedy Star and Internet Star. From 1957 to 1972, The Bravo Otto award ceremony was presented at the beginning of each year. Beginning in 1972, the date of the ceremony was moved to
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2560-462: The Labour government introduced Sex and Relationships Education guidance, with particular focus on sexually transmitted diseases and teenage pregnancy. This was part of the ten-year Teenage Pregnancy Strategy, which would eventually resolve in 2010. Teenage pregnancy rates were halved across this period, however similar changes in other countries indicate that this was not an effect of the strategy. After
2640-607: The National Education Act B.E. 2542, increasing awareness of problems related to adolescents' sexual practices, and the emergence of women's sexuality and queer movements. Another new approach in sexuality education curricula in Thailand has been the Teenpath Project developed by PATH , Thailand. PATH has also succeeded in institutionalizing sexuality education curricula in schools since 2003. Sex education in India remains
2720-598: The Netherlands and that in the US. On average teens in Europe and the Netherlands (which have more comprehensive sex ed) do not have sex at a younger age than teens in the US (with less comprehensive sex ed); however teens in the Netherlands report having a positive and consensual first sexual experience while 66% of sexually active US teens report that they wished they waited longer for their first sexual experience. Nine out of ten teens in
2800-603: The Netherlands use contraception during their first sexual experience, which contributes to the lower pregnancy and STI rates. More comprehensive sex ed starting at the elementary level resulted in appreciation of sexual diversity, dating and intimate partner violence prevention, development of healthy relationships, prevention of child sex abuse, improved social/emotional learning, and increased media literacy. Human rights issues, gender equality and gender roles should be integrated into every aspect of these discussions. This includes human rights protection, fulfillment and empowerment;
2880-551: The UK. In the 1970s, informational films became popular among teachers. Martin Cole's Growing Up (1971) was a frank look at how sex works physiologically and socially. It showed real clips of penises and masturbation, which sparked some backlash. However, it became apparent in the 1980s that a frank and factual approach was required in sex education as the HIV/AIDS crisis began in the UK. In 1999,
2960-591: The US Department of Health and Human Services, found that abstinence-only-until-marriage programs are ineffective." The current frontier in the development of Relationship and Sex Education (RSE) is LGBT Q+ inclusion. The recent 2019 guidance update is tentative in its acknowledgement of LGBT people, something which has proved controversial among homo- and transphobic groups, as well as among LGBT allies and pro-inclusion sociologists. For example, while Birmingham primary schools were protested by Muslim parents opposing
3040-415: The age at which children should start receiving such education, the amount of detail that is revealed, including LGBT sex education , and topics dealing with human sexual behavior , e.g. safe sex practices, masturbation , premarital sex , and sexual ethics ). Wilhelm Reich commented that sex education of his time was a work of deception, focusing on biology while concealing excitement-arousal , which
3120-448: The age of the students or what the children can comprehend at a particular point in time. Rubin and Kindendall expressed that sex education is not merely the topics of reproduction and teaching how babies are conceived and born. Instead, it has a far richer scope and goal of helping children incorporate sex more meaningfully into their present and future life and to provide them with some basic understanding of virtually every aspect of sex by
3200-444: The amount of unprotected sex. Formal sex education occurs when schools or health care providers offer sex education. Slyer stated that sex education teaches the young person what he or she should know for his or her personal conduct and relationship with others. Gruenberg also stated that sex education is necessary to prepare the young for the task ahead. According to him, officials generally agree that some kind of planned sex education
3280-411: The beginning of puberty for reasons of public health , in limiting the spread of sexually transmitted infections , and avoiding teenage pregnancy or unwanted pregnancies later on. In many cultures, the discussion of all sexual issues has traditionally been considered taboo , and adolescents were not given any information on sexual matters. Such instruction, as was given, was traditionally left to
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3360-448: The circulation fell steeply. In 2006 the magazine sold around 460,379 copies. In 2010 the circulation of the magazine was 512,358 copies, making it the best-selling teenage magazine in Europe. In February 2017, Bravo stopped publishing in Spain with issue 552. However, editions are still published in some other countries. American pop singer Britney Spears , who was a teen phenomenon in
3440-595: The conservative and traditional mindsets. The topic of sex is not talked about enough in public, and even shunned in private. Teachers and parents alike are embarrassed to talk about sex-related topics that such education is often skipped, making this topic extremely sensitive. There is demand for sex education that is concentrated on social media platforms such as Weibo, citing the need to have sex education for its people to learn how to protect themselves against sexual related abuse and harassments. China currently still experiences sexual illiteracy. China's government has passed
3520-522: The current state of sex education, and believed it was ineffective. Sex education in schools has been subject to controversy, and has drawn crticisms from both conservative and feminist groups. A standardized guidline on sex education published by the Ministry of Education in 2015 was later withdrawn after being criticized for "poor quality". Some Christian associations and parent groups have protested against in-depth sex education, specifically regarding reproductive rights and homosexuality. In one case,
3600-404: The early 1970s on, a whole group replied to questions. The editors put value in the fact that the "Dr.-Sommer-Team" continued to be made up of experts. At its peak Bravo received around 3000 to 5000 letters on puberty and sexuality per week. In 2006, 400 letters were still received. Bravo made noticeably strong use of Anglicism and " Denglisch " starting in the 1980s, long before this became
3680-414: The early 2010s onwards, the magazine would rename the feature to Dr. Sommer's Bodycheck and feature those only aged between 18 and 25. Originally there was only a single Bravo magazine, today different variants are published. This is a result of higher individualisation and changing interests. The following brands are part of the "Bravo Family": Teenage magazines like Bravo are of high importance for
3760-431: The empowerment of young people." Sex education may be taught informally, such as when someone receives information from a conversation with a parent, friend, religious leader, or through the media. It may also be delivered through sex self-help authors, magazine advice columnists , sex columnists , or sexual education discussion board web sites. Sex education training for parents and educators can also be accessed on
3840-447: The end of the year, resulting in the awards being presented twice for the 1972 calendar year. Since 1994, the ceremony has been presented in a one-hour annual show called Der Bravo-Supershow – Die Gold-Otto-Verleihung (roughly translated as The Bravo-Supershow – The Gold Otto Awards ) and is broadcast annually on German television. The Otto awards are also presented in other European countries where Bravo publishes regional versions of
3920-450: The epidemic with a prevalence of just 0.31%. We have also brought about a decline of 50% in new infections annually. In 2000, a new five-year project was introduced by the China Family Planning Association to "promote reproductive health education among Chinese teenagers and unmarried youth" in twelve urban districts and three counties. This included discussion about sex within human relationships as well as pregnancy and HIV prevention. Since
4000-440: The figure is inspired by Winnetou , played by Pierre Brice , who had a longstanding connection within his cinematic role to Bravo. Among the prized artists were pop super stars ABBA , Inge Meysel , Pierre Brice (Winnetou), Joachim Fuchsberger , Stefan Raab , Whitney Houston , Madonna , Cher , David Hasselhoff , Mariah Carey , Boris Becker , Bro'Sis , Heike Makatsch , Horst Janson and many more. Furthermore, each week
4080-529: The first published issue; the never-published dummy issue cover displayed Elvis Presley . The publication was initially subtitled "The Magazine for Film and Television" ( "Die Zeitschrift für Film und Fernsehen" ). Issue number 13/57 was released on 31 March 1957 with the new subtitle "The magazine with the young heart" ( "Die Zeitschrift mit dem jungen Herzen" ) as well as "film, television, pop music" ( "Film, Fernsehen, Schlager" ) which disappeared soon afterwards. Starting from issue 34/57 (13 August 1957)
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#17328767753114160-593: The first time. Not only were there fears of new sexually transmitted diseases, but there was also growing anxiety around young pregnancy putting pressure on the war-ravaged economy and healthcare system. As such, the UK Board for Education introduced the Sex Education in Schools and Youth Organisations guidance. This put the onus of sex education on schools and youth groups, and guided leaders on how to execute this. For example,
4240-678: The impact of gender discrimination; the importance of equality and gender-sensitivity; and the ideas underlying gender roles. Sexual abuse, gender-based violence and harmful practices should also be discussed. Taken together, all this information teaches young people the life skills necessary to assume responsibility for their own behavior and to respect the rights of others." Comprehensive sexuality education "enables young people to make informed decisions about their sexuality and health. These programmes build life skills and increase responsible behaviors, and because they are based on human rights principles, they help advance human rights, gender equality and
4320-492: The internet through multimedia educational resources, including short videos, created by master sexuality educators. Adolescents spend a lot of their time on social media, or watching television. Those same adolescents may also have a hard time talking to their families about sexual matters. A study has shown that mass media interventions; for example, use of teaching sexual education through commercials shown on television, or ads on social media, have proven effective and decreased
4400-621: The introduction of LGBT content to the guidance, sociologist Jonathan Glazzard criticized the Department for Education for the document's ambiguity and "opt-out" potential. The inclusion of this form of sex education is argued to make LGBT students feel more included, and that feelings of safety would foster healthy developmental outcomes for this group. Leepson sees sex education as instruction in various physiological , psychological and sociological aspects of sexual response and reproduction. Kearney (2008) also defined sex education as "involving
4480-675: The largest proportion of respondents in the three countries (74% in Canada, 67% in Britain and 63% in the United States) said that conversations with friends were "very useful" or "moderately useful." The next reputable source was the media (television, books, movies, magazines), mentioned by three-in-five British (65%) and Canadians (62%) and more than half of Americans (54%) as useful. In 2011, Angus Reid Public Opinion said that half of Canadians (54%) and Americans (52%) found their sex education courses at school to be useful, only 43% of Britons share
4560-587: The late 1990s and early 2000s, holds the record for most appearances on the cover (56). Bravo covers topics which primarily interest youths, among which are current information on pop and movie stars, as well as relationship and sex counseling. Under the pseudonyms "Dr. Christoph Vollmer" and "Dr. Kirsten Lindstroem" the then-47-year-old author of romance novels Marie Louise Fischer gave advice on relationships ( Knigge für Verliebte , Liebe ohne Geheimnis ) from 1964 to 1969. Martin Goldstein started to contribute to
4640-524: The magazine no longer had any subtitles underscoring its newfound focus. In 1968 Bravo began to be published weekly by Pabel Moewig, a subsidiary of Bauer Verlagsgruppe in Hamburg ; the editorial office however remained in Munich . In the 1970s the magazine sold more than one million copies. By 1996 each issue still sold around 1.4 million issues. Bravo had a circulation of 825,800 copies in 1999. Afterwards
4720-446: The magazine on 20 October 1969. A practising doctor, psychotherapist, and religion teacher, he took over and replied to readers' questions under the pseudonym "Dr. Jochen Sommer". Goldstein had made a name for himself in sex education with the publications Anders als bei Schmetterlingen and Lexikon der Aufklärung . Later, he answered questions about sex as "Dr. Korff", while "Dr. Sommer" concentrated on psychological questions. From
4800-469: The magazine was forbidden, but still very popular and traded for high prices. Bravo played an influential part in promoting pop groups and artists in Germany. In addition to the idea of the Dr.-Sommer-team, Bravo invented the so-called Bravo-Starschnitt ( star cut ), a puzzle of a life-sized poster of a celebrity. Every new issue provided one cutout piece. The first Starschnitt-feature began in 1959 and
4880-566: The magazine. The most notable of these countries include Russia, the Czech Republic and Poland. In Hungary, the awards are presented in an annual ceremony which is broadcast on television, similar to the German ceremony. The following categories have been awarded by the Otto's throughout its history, with some categories having been split or merged over time. From 1994 until 2010, the Bravo Otto ceremony
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#17328767753114960-400: The mechanics of sexual intercourse could be communicated via "the keeping of livestock", as students could observe reproduction in real-time; the guidance also encouraged discussions about menstruation , motherhood courses, and personal hygiene talks. Popular among teachers and many parents, this guidance – which made sex education a possibility, not an obligation – prevailed for many years in
5040-466: The music industry as an advertising medium. Ads can be found in all Bravo formats. A TV version of Bravo called Bravo TV started airing on 16 May 1993, first on RTL 2 and later on ZDF . The first presenter was Kristiane Backer, followed by Heike Makatsch . After a long hiatus Bravo TV returned on 5 November 2005 on ProSieben . The magazine distributes its " Bravo Otto " (a small Indian -styled figure) award in different categories. The design of
5120-411: The parents of junior high school students and 80% of parents of secondary school students believe that sex education in school makes it easier for them to talk to their adolescents about sex. Also, 92% of adolescents report that they want both to talk to their parents about sex and to have comprehensive in-school sex education. Furthermore, a "study, conducted by Mathematica Policy Research on behalf of
5200-557: The practice of masturbation, once depicted as inherently harmful, became portrayed as natural and harmless. Globally, the outbreak of AIDS has given a new sense of urgency to sex education. In many African countries, where AIDS is at epidemic levels (see HIV/AIDS in Africa ), sex education is seen by most scientists as a vital public health strategy. Some international organizations such as Planned Parenthood consider that broad sex education programs have global benefits, such as controlling
5280-457: The readers vote in the Bravo charts, which sometimes oppose the sales charts and are an indicator of artists popularity in the past and today. In 2006, Bravo released an anthology providing an overview of Bravo's perception of the world within the past 50 years. From August 1956, there are two different logos for this magazine. The first logo was in use from 1956 to 1965, the second and current logo
5360-543: The risk of overpopulation and the advancement of women's rights (see also reproductive rights). The use of mass media campaigns has sometimes resulted in high levels of "awareness" coupled with essentially superficial knowledge of HIV transmission. According to SIECUS , the Sexuality Information and Education Council of the United States, 93% of adults they surveyed support sexuality education in high school and 84% support it in junior high school. In fact, 88% of
5440-543: The role of sex education to strengthen family ties within society. This was the focus of sex education programs that developed in the German Democratic Republic (GDR) and Cuba during the late twentieth century. The evolving content of sex education programs reflected shifting opinions regarding sexuality within each society. For example, in Swedish sex education guidelines and textbooks published between 1945 to 2000,
5520-492: The same view. And while more than half of Americans (57%) say conversations with family were useful, only 49% of Canadians and 35% of Britons said so. Sex education in Africa has focused on stemming the growing AIDS epidemic . Most governments in the region have established AIDS education programs in partnership with the World Health Organization and international NGOs. These programs were undercut significantly by
5600-467: The second and third years of the middle-preparatory phase (when students are aged 12–14). A coordinated program between UNDP , UNICEF , and the ministries of health and education promotes sexual education at a larger scale in rural areas and spreads awareness of the dangers of female genital mutilation . The state of sex education programs in Asia is at various stages of development. The topic of sex education
5680-483: The second world war, some developing countries promoted sex education programs that evolved to address political goals. A growing anxiety in some areas of the world over rising birth rates led to population-centered sex education programs. For instance, the first sex education curriculum in Singapore between 1966 and 1973 emphasized birth control as a way to avoid overpopulation. Reforms in some socialist countries focused on
5760-401: The social issues surrounding sexuality and reproduction, including cultural norms, family life and interpersonal relationships. When places have more comprehensive sexuality education, STI and pregnancy rates drop. The attitudes of children have also been found to differ depending on the content of their sex education. One comparison of results can be made between the sex education curriculum in
5840-554: The time they reach full maturity. Evidence shows that a combination of comprehensive sexuality education and access to birth control appears to decrease the rates of unintended pregnancies among teenagers. A meta-analysis that compared comprehensive sexuality education programs with abstinence-only programs found that abstinence-only programs did not reduce the likelihood of pregnancy, but rather may have increased it. Numerous studies show that curricula providing accurate information about condoms and contraception can lead to reductions in
5920-487: The transmission of STIs. Increasing support for abstinence-only sex education by conservative groups has been one of the primary causes of this controversy. Countries with conservative attitudes towards sex education (including the UK and the U.S.) have a higher incidence of STIs and teenage pregnancy. On the other hand, it seems that in countries where sex education is not part of the curriculum, students show limited knowledge even in basic reproductive issues. For example, in
6000-519: Was a poster of Brigitte Bardot . In 1972, two issues with articles on masturbation were 'indexed' (prohibited for sale to under-age customers) by the Federal Department for Media Harmful to Young Persons , because they were deemed youth-endangering. The magazine was controversial internationally for its section Dr. Sommer's That's Me! , which often featured sex interviews and full frontal nude photos of teen models aged between 14 and 20, which
6080-581: Was again suspended as one of the first official acts by United States President Barack Obama . New HIV infections in Uganda decreased dramatically when Clinton supported a comprehensive sexuality education approach (including information about contraception and abortion). According to Ugandan AIDS activists, the policy undermined community efforts to reduce HIV prevalence and HIV transmission. Egypt teaches knowledge about male and female reproductive systems, sexual organs, contraception and STDs in public schools at
6160-478: Was in use from 1965. Sex education Sex education , also known as sexual education , sexuality education or sex ed , is the instruction of issues relating to human sexuality , including human sexual anatomy , sexual activity , sexual reproduction , safe sex , and birth control , sexual health , reproductive health , emotional relations and responsibilities, age of consent , and reproductive rights . Sex education that includes all of these issues
6240-497: Was later changed to 16 to 20 in the early 2000s. While this was legal in Germany, it caused problems with international child pornography laws. The magazine often worked around the laws by having the models hold the camera's shutter button themselves, thereby showing explicit consent. One former model told interviewers that he did not know his nude image was going to be sold by the photographer to Bravo for publication in That's Me! From
6320-589: Was shown on private German broadcaster RTL , RTL II and ProSieben . The following is a list of hosts for each year's ceremony. Bravo (magazine) Bravo (stylized in all caps ) is the largest teen magazine within the German-language sphere . The first issue was published in 1956. The founder of Bravo was columnist Peter Boenisch . The first issue was published on 26 August 1956 with thirty thousand copies printed, cost 50 Pfennig (equivalent to €0.67 in 2021). Marilyn Monroe 's portrait graced
6400-430: Was then called "Life and Family Studies", and its content consisted of issues related to the reproductive system and personal hygiene. The education curriculum has been revised several times, involving efforts from both government and non-government sectors, and sex education has been accepted as a problem solving tool for adolescent sexual reproduction and health issues. This has been a result of educational reform following
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