A company town is a place where all or most of the stores and housing in the town are owned by the same company that is also the main employer. Company towns are often planned with a suite of amenities such as stores, houses of worship, schools, markets, and recreation facilities.
129-499: Boulder City is a city in Clark County, Nevada , United States. It is approximately 26 miles (42 km) southeast of Las Vegas . As of the 2020 census , the population of Boulder City was 14,885. The city took its name from Boulder Canyon . Boulder City is one of only two places in Nevada that prohibits gambling , the other being the town of Panaca . The land upon which Boulder City
258-505: A Mormon Fort at Las Vegas . In the 1860s, Mormon colonies were established along the Virgin and Muddy Rivers . All of the county was part of Mohave County , Arizona Territory , when that Territory was formed in 1863, before Nevada became a state. In 1865, it became part of Pah-Ute County, Arizona Territory . The part of Pah-Ute County north and west of the Colorado River was assigned to
387-471: A ghost town by the 1960s due to the steady decline in the global price of nitrates caused by the development of chemically engineered fertilizers. Sewell was a mining town intended as both a residential and industrial hub linked to the nearby El Teniente copper mine. Founded in 1906 by the Braden Copper Company , it came to house over 16,000 inhabitants at its peak despite its remote location on
516-509: A Quaker, preached Christian values, such as respectability, thrift, and sobriety, and sought to unify the Bournville community through rituals such as gift-giving between employer and employee. The firm also established work councils, such as the Women's Works Council, and supported trade unions. Bournville represented the union of industry and nature as the company town boasted the attractiveness of
645-495: A colony of South Africa. Indigenous workers were coerced into signing yearlong contracts in caged-in factory compounds, which they were not allowed to leave without permission, with movement strictly controlled by Pass laws. In addition they lived in the compound dorms and primarily got food from the compound's cafeteria, both under the control of their employers. As such, alongside the typically bad working conditions, it has been characterized by many as close to slavery. Widzew,
774-729: A conscience", for example, George Cadbury 's Bournville , if viewed cynically, the company town was often an economically viable ploy to attract and retain workers. Additionally, for-profit shops within company towns were usually owned by the company, which was unavoidable to its isolated workers, thus resulting in a monopoly for the owners. Although economically successful, company towns sometimes failed politically due to lacking elected officials and municipally owned services. Accordingly, workers often had no say in local affairs, and therefore felt dictated to. Ultimately, this political climate caused resentment amongst workers and resulted in many residents losing long-term affection for their towns; such
903-487: A healthy, beautiful, and well-ventilated environment. The Bolsover Company developed two exemplary mining communities in Derbyshire during the late nineteenth century: Bolsover (1891) and Creswell (1896). The Bolsover Company aimed to provide improved living conditions for the miners and their families in these model industrial villages. The houses at Creswell were built in concentric circles, and within these circles
1032-681: A historic monument. The mining settlements built around the coal pits of the Ruhr region were called Zechenkolonien ("pit colonies"). Wolfsburg was created as a planned city in 1938 to host the Volkswagen plant and its workers. A similar Nazi-era planned town is Salzgitter , built around the Reichswerke Hermann Göring that later became the Salzgitter AG . In 1950s East Germany , Eisenhüttenstadt ("ironworks city", initially Stalinstadt )
1161-450: A history going back some 150 years; however, in almost all cases, the company that operated the colony has now shut down. The most common industry in these colonies was textiles, and the most important from the standpoint of architecture, urban design, and the complexity of their operation. More than 75 textile colonies were recorded, although there were also mining, metallurgy, cement, and agricultural colonies. These colonies (particularly
1290-440: A household in the city was $ 50,523, and the median income for a family was $ 60,641. Males had a median income of $ 42,041 versus $ 30,385 for females. The per capita income for the city was $ 29,770. About 4.7% of families and 6.7% of the population were below the poverty line , including 9.4% of those under age 18 and 5.3% of those age 65 or over. As of the census of 2020, there were 14,885 people, and 6,156 households residing in
1419-433: A household in the county was $ 53,536, and the median income for a family was $ 59,485. Males had a median income of $ 35,243 versus $ 27,077 for females. The per capita income for the county was $ 21,785. About 7.9% of families and 10.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 14.1% of those under age 18 and 7.3% of those over age 64. Large numbers of new residents in the state originate from California. As of
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#17330940467151548-609: A model community, with Dutch-born urban architect Saco Rienk de Boer contracted to plan it. DeBoer had been a planner for Denver , Colorado , and was to design many towns and suburbs around the Rocky Mountain region. Because the Hoover Dam project itself represented a focus for optimism for a country suffering from the effects of the Great Depression , the town itself was to be an additional manifestation of this optimism. There
1677-530: A multi-centered area early in its history." The independent governments of Henderson, North Las Vegas , Las Vegas, and Boulder City have perpetuated the fragmented nature of the region, giving each city its individual character, as well as generally stymieing the outward growth of these cities. The government did not relinquish control of Boulder City until 1959, when the town was incorporated. Boulder City's incorporation ceremony took place on January 4, 1960. The city council selected pharmacist Robert N. Broadbent as
1806-471: A number of Hoover Dam related events such as "That Dam Guy Stole My Dam Car" car race and "Get Off My Dam Lawn" gardening festival. In 1975, a team from Boulder City won the Almost Anything Goes! national championship, broadcast on ABC television. The following year, they won a "Supergames" playoff against the 1976 champions from Chambersburg, Pennsylvania , and a celebrity all-star team. However,
1935-509: A school, tennis courts, and bowling greens. Port Sunlight combined the use of formal and informal planning elements, such as straight streets close to the town centre and curved streets in the residential areas. This combination of the formal and informal represented a new feature of British town planning. Bournville (1895), near Birmingham, was established by the Cadbury brothers, George and Richard. George and Richard Cadbury chose to transfer
2064-549: A second full term in the U. S. Senate. However, Democratic challenger Jacky Rosen won Clark by over 92,000 votes, almost double her statewide margin of 48,000 votes. In that year's gubernatorial election, Democrat Steve Sisolak lost 15 out of 17 county-level jurisdictions, but won Clark by enough of a margin to get the victory. Since 2008, the Democratic presidential candidate has won Clark by more than enough votes to carry Nevada. The city of Las Vegas itself leans Democratic, as do
2193-520: A semi-permanent town rather than a temporary arrangement. Boulder City was exceptionally rare as an example of a town fully planned under government supervision. This is unlike 19th century privately funded company town examples found in the United Kingdom , such as Port Sunlight , or in the United States, such as Pullman, Chicago . Boulder City was carefully planned through federal supervision as
2322-597: A separate municipal court for traffic and criminal misdemeanor offenses that occur within the city's incorporated boundaries. The Clark County Marshal's Office provides security for Clark County courts. The Marshal is head of the office, while Deputy Marshals act as bailiffs for the court. According to the Secretary of State's office, Independents comprise a plurality of registered voters in Clark County. With nearly three-quarters of Nevada's population, Clark County plays
2451-471: A significant influence on the Garden City movement . The model company town is concerned with creating a productive and prosperous company. Enlightened industrialists believed this could be achieved by providing a healthier residential environment for their employees. Planning a model company town involved the fusion of new notions of house design and layout. The paternalism of the enlightened industrialist
2580-409: A significant part of the town's population. An example is Toyota, Aichi ( 豊田市 ), where the "castle" company is the automobile manufacturer Toyota . In some cases, such towns can be named after the company. For example, Toyota City changed its name from Koromo City and named the area of the town where Toyota's headquarters is situated " Toyota-machi [ ja ] " ( トヨタ町 , note that katakana
2709-476: A significant role in determining statewide Nevada elections as well the winner of the state's electoral votes in presidential elections. At the presidential level, the county, like most urban counties nationwide, leans Democratic. The last Republican to carry the county was George H. W. Bush in 1988. However, it is somewhat less Democratic than many other urban counties; the GOP candidate has received at least 39 percent of
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#17330940467152838-535: A subtle form of social engineering , refers to the control of workers by their employers who seek to force middle-class ideals upon their working-class employees. Many nineteenth-century business people considered paternalism as a moral responsibility, or often a religious obligation, which would advance society while furthering their business interests. Accordingly, the company town offered a unique opportunity to achieve such ends. Although many prominent examples of company towns portray their founders as "capitalists with
2967-621: A suburb of Łódź in Poland, had been a textile company town before the Second World War . Svit in Slovakia was founded in 1934 by business industrialist Jan Antonín Baťa following his policy of establishing well-organized model communities for his workers and other employees. This town (like other Baťa's company towns) was also an example of social engineering . The mining city of Kiruna in Sweden
3096-878: A wagon route through the County that became the Mormon Road . In 1849, this road became known as the "Southern Route", the winter route of the California Trail from Salt Lake City to Los Angeles during the California Gold Rush . By the mid-1850s, the route now known as the Salt Lake Road in California, and the California Road in Utah Territory , was a wagon trade route between the two. In the mid-1850s, Mormons established
3225-409: Is a desert. Creosote bushes are the main native vegetation, and the mountains are mostly rocky with little vegetation. The terrain slopes to the south and east. The county has an area of 20,879 km (8,061 sq mi), of which 20,438 km (7,891 sq mi) is land and 441 km (170 sq mi) (2.1%) is water. Twenty official wilderness areas in Clark County are part of
3354-525: Is a prime example of the decline many company towns have had to deal with when the company itself struggles. The town relied on three paper mills owned by Kymmene Corporation from the 1870s until 2005, when two mills, Voikkaa and Kuusaa, were shut down, leaving only the Kymi mill operating. The two closed mills employed an estimated 5% of the local population, and Kymmene's decision left the town in socioeconomic chaos. Kuusankoski's independent status ended in 2009 when
3483-514: Is also home of one non-profit private religious elementary school, Grace Christian Academy, which offers a Christian education for grades kindergarten through five. The school is part of Grace Community Church. Boulder City also houses a small satellite campus of the College of Southern Nevada . Boulder City has a public library , the Boulder City Library. The Boulder City Library featured in
3612-652: Is approximately 30 miles southeast of Las Vegas, Nevada. Boulder City's four public schools fall under the jurisdiction of the Clark County School District . Boulder City High School serves grades nine through twelve and has an average enrollment of 700–750 students. It was one of fourteen Clark County schools to become a five-star school in 2012. Elton & Madeline Garrett Junior High School serves grades six through eight. Martha P. King Elementary School serves grades three through five. Andrew J. Mitchell Elementary School serves grades K through two. Boulder City
3741-567: Is home to many gaming-related companies including Golden Entertainment , American Casino & Entertainment Properties , Bally Technologies , Cannery Casino Resorts , The Majestic Star Casino, LLC , Ameristar Casinos , Archon Corporation , Boyd Gaming , Las Vegas Sands , MGM Resorts International , Wynn Resorts , DBT Online Inc. , Two Plus Two Publishing , Gambler's Book Shop / GBC Press , Station Casinos , Millennium Management Group , Navegante Group , Pinnacle Entertainment and Tropicana Entertainment . According to data collected by
3870-615: Is reflected in many of the businesses in the historic Downtown district, which is home to the Boulder Dam Hotel , home of the Boulder City/Hoover Dam Museum. (The hotel is named after the dam's former name.) Making a pun on the word "damn" is also popular. The Boulder City Chamber of Commerce has used the slogan "Best City By A Dam Site" in promotions, and the city hosts an annual festival of short subject films dubbed " The Dam Short Film Festival ". Boulder City also hosts
3999-659: Is responsible for policing all buildings and parks operated by the county and some selected special venues, such as the Clark County Amphitheater, Clark County Archery Range, and the Desert Rose Golf Course. The Regional Justice Center replaced the Clark County Courthouse in 2005, and is about 3 blocks from downtown Fremont Street, at 200 Lewis Avenue. The Clark County Justice Courts are divided into eleven townships. Each elects its own justices of
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4128-543: Is used here to reflect the company name) in 1959. During the Porfiriato , American-owned mining towns that settled areas mostly uninhabited areas included Cananea , El Boleo , Nacozari , Navojoa , Copala , Concordia , Santa Eulalia , Santa Rosalía de Camargo , Batopilas , and Esperanzas . Americans and Mexicans were segregated, with the 1906 Cananea strike precipitating the Mexican Revolution . Oranjemund
4257-416: Is water. This ranks Boulder City as the largest city in Nevada by land area and 35th in the country , but gives it a low density rate of only about 72 people per square mile. Boulder City maintains strict controls on growth, limited to 120 single- or multi-family residential building permits for new construction per year. Hotels are also restricted to no more than 35 rooms. These restrictions are defined in
4386-533: The Boulder City News was the local newspaper. The northern Eldorado Valley contains Boulder City's "Eldorado Energy Zone" which is home to the 480 MW El Dorado natural gas power plant, as well as several other projects. In 2019, the city announced plans to lease up to 1,100 acres (450 ha) in Black Hills South as a utility-scale solar facility. The city hopes to generate $ 1.65 million annually from
4515-532: The 2010 United States Census , there were 1,951,269 people, 715,365 households, and 467,916 families in the county. The population density was 247.3 inhabitants per square mile (95.5/km ). There were 840,343 housing units at an average density of 106.5 per square mile (41.1/km ). The racial makeup of the county was 60.9% White, 13.5% Black or African American, 8.7% Asian, 0.7% Pacific islander, 0.7% American Indian, 10.5% from other races, and 5.1% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 29.1% of
4644-470: The Grand Canyon . The city of Boulder City is a special charter municipality which operates under the council-manager form of government. The city council comprises five members, including the mayor, who acts as presiding officer for city council meetings. The city manager is appointed by the city council and executes the policies and directives of the city council. Boulder City is one of two locations within
4773-644: The Interstate 11 project. The bypass is still within Boulder City's city limit, but bypasses the populated area. Initially, businesses and the populace were concerned that the bypass would have a negative effect on the local economy, though it seems that the opposite was true for some businesses. According to the United States Census Bureau , the city has a total area of 208.6 square miles (540.2 km), of which 0.039 square miles (0.1 km), or 0.02%,
4902-463: The Las Vegas Wash . Since 1999 the group has added more the 15,000 plants to stabilize the wash's banks and restore and expand the wetlands surrounding the wash. As part of the effort to restore the wash to a more natural state, they have removed more than 500,000 pounds (230,000 kg) of trash. The Grant Sawyer State Office Building , which houses many branches of state government, is within
5031-694: The National Wilderness Preservation System . Many of these are in, or partially in, one of the preceding protected areas, as shown below. Many are separate entities that are managed by the Bureau of Land Management (BLM): Clark County has diverse desert flora and fauna , including higher-elevation mountain areas, the desert floor, and the Colorado River / Lake Mead ecosystems. Variations in diurnal temperature as well as seasonal swings in temperature create demanding adaptation elements on
5160-588: The Office of Management and Budget and used by the United States Census Bureau and other agencies for statistical purposes. Over time and influenced by climate change , droughts in Southern Nevada have been increasing in frequency and severity, putting a further strain on Clark County's and Las Vegas's water security . The Colorado River forms the county's southeastern boundary, with Hoover Dam forming Lake Mead along much of its length. The lowest point in
5289-597: The Supreme Court of Illinois forced the Pullman Company to divest ownership in the town, which was annexed to Chicago. However, government observers maintained that Pullman's principles accurately provided his employees with a quality of life otherwise unattainable. Still, they recognized that his excessive paternalism was inappropriate for a large-scale corporate economy and thus caused the town's downfall. Accordingly, government observers and social reformers alike saw
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5418-618: The Ter and Llobregat and their tributaries. In Berguedà , for example, within 20 km, there are 14 colonies. The total number in Catalonia is around a hundred. These were small towns created around a factory or mine, built in a rural area, and, therefore, separate from any other population. They typically housed between 100 and 500 inhabitants; in some cases, upwards of 1000 people lived in these towns. These industrial colonies were an emblematic aspect of industrialization in Catalonia, specifically,
5547-405: The species of this county. Population expansion , especially since 1970, has placed additional pressure on species in the area. Correspondingly, air quality levels prior to the 1960s were in a favorable range, but the proliferation of automobiles with the human population expansion created circumstances where some federal air quality standards were violated starting in the 1980s. To plan for
5676-589: The unincorporated community of Paradise . Native Americans lived in the Las Vegas Valley beginning over 10,000 years ago. Paiutes moved into the area as early as AD 700. Previously part of the Mexican Territory of Alta California , the Clark County lands were subsequently traversed by American beaver trappers. Word of their journeys inspired the New Mexican merchant Antonio Armijo in 1829 to establish
5805-502: The 1880s. She says they: Thus, the Pullman Strike did not kill the company town concept but rather initiated a new chapter in their existence. Over the next thirty years, the old model of paternalism was abandoned in favour of new professionally designed company towns with architects, landscape architects, and planners translating "new concepts of industrial relations and social welfare into new physical forms". This suited capitalists of
5934-490: The 1960s due to their inflexible capital structure and social changes, such as the desire for workers to own appliances, cars, or homes, the declining influence of religion, and the opportunities offered by towns. The colonies gradually emptied of people even before the definitive industrial crisis, which worsened in 1978. In the 1980s and 1990s, almost all the factories in these industrial colonies closed. From that moment on, many colonies became towns that were now independent of
6063-485: The 6,000 company employees and an equal number of dependents. Employees were not required to live in Pullman, although workers tended to get better treatment if they chose to live there. The town operated successfully until the economic panic of 1893 when demand for the company's products declined, and Pullman lowered employee wages and hours to offset the decrease in demand. Despite this, the company refused to lower rents in
6192-508: The Amazon rainforest of Brazil. It was intended to be inhabited by 10,000 people, but it failed, and the city was abandoned in 1934. Arvida, Quebec was developed in 1927 as a company town. The town grew to have a population of about 14,000 inhabitants, four Catholic parishes, and many other denominations, parishes, and schools. It was known as "the City Built in 135 Days". Batawa was set up by
6321-591: The Bata Shoe Company as a planned community around a shoe factory. The factory opened in 1939 and closed in 2000. Two of Chile's UNESCO World Heritage Sites correspond to former company towns. Humberstone was a settlement dedicated to the extraction of saltpeter during said commodity's boom in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The town was founded and administered by James Thomas Humberstone 's Peru Nitrate Company, later acquired by Compañía Salitrera de Tarapacá y Antofagasta (COSATAN), before turning into
6450-543: The Cadbury factory to this new site to provide their employees with improved living conditions and a country environment that they could enjoy – a far cry from Birmingham's busy, smoky city centre. The firm provided education as a compulsory academic course, and workers were allowed to complete commercial or technical training. The Cadburys also encouraged their workers to get involved in the social life of Bournville by providing sports facilities, athletic and cultural clubs, and social events such as summer parties. George Cadbury ,
6579-446: The City of Las Vegas. Company town Some company towns were established to improve living conditions for workers, but many have been regarded as controlling and/or exploitative. Others were not planned, such as Summit Hill, Pennsylvania , United States, one of the oldest, which began as a Lehigh Coal & Navigation Company mining camp and mine site nine miles (14.5 km) from
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#17330940467156708-583: The Colorado to a series of creeks, waterholes and springs like those at Las Vegas , to which John C. Frémont added Frémont's Cutoff on his return from California to Utah in 1844. What is now Clark County was acquired by the United States during the Mexican–American War , becoming part of the northwestern corner of New Mexico Territory . In 1847, Jefferson Hunt and other Mormon Battalion members returning to Salt Lake City from Los Angeles pioneered
6837-572: The Las Vegas valley, in 2003 the Nevada Air Quality Management division (under direction of Clark County officials) created the "Don't Be a Dusthole" campaign. The campaign successfully raised awareness of dust pollution in the Las Vegas Valley, quantifiably reducing pollutants and preserving ongoing federal funding. The Apex Landfill , at 2,200 acres (890 ha), is the nation's largest landfill. Republic Services owns and operates
6966-522: The Research and Analysis Bureau of the Nevada Department of Employment, Training and Rehabilitation, Clark County's largest employers, both public and private employers, as reported in the fourth quarter of 2012: 30,000 to 39,999 employees 5,000 to 10,000 employees 2,500 to 4,999 The State of Nevada divides the state into several gaming districts. Accordingly, the Clark County is divided into
7095-575: The Roosevelt administration's New Deal dealt the final blow to end American company towns by raising minimum wages, encouraging industrial self-governance, and pushing for the owners of company towns to "consider the question of plans for eventual employee ownership of homes". To a lesser extent the New Deal also reduced the need for employee housing by transforming housing finance to a lower-interest, lower-deposit system, making homeownership more accessible to
7224-526: The Soviet Union, there were several cities of nuclear scientists ( atomics ) known as atomgrad ; particularly in Ukraine , those were Pripyat , Varash , Pivdennoukrainsk among others. Typically, a company town is isolated from neighboring towns and centered on a large production factory , such as a lumber or steel mill or an automobile plant. The citizens of the town either work in the factory, work in one of
7353-528: The State of Nevada where military veterans and their spouses can be interred. The Southern Nevada Veterans Memorial Cemetery is located in Boulder City. The cemetery was established in 1990. The State of Nevada has more than 300,000 veterans and is among the fastest growing region in the Western United States of people age 65 or older with the demographic of military veterans. the 79-acre (32 ha) cemetery
7482-423: The apex. Managers were housed further down the hill, and dwellings for manual laborers were located furthest away from the public buildings and parks. The most radically modified portions of DeBoer's plan were in these lower-class residential blocks, where open space and parks were largely eliminated. Commercial development was restricted and severely regulated under Sims Ely , the city manager. There were limits to
7611-536: The area, contributing to the region's early development. Clark County is a major tourist destination with 150,000 hotel rooms. The Las Vegas Strip , home to many famous hotel-casinos, is not within the City of Las Vegas limits, but in unincorporated Paradise. It is, however, in the Las Vegas Valley . Clark County is geographically coextensive with the Las Vegas MSA , a metropolitan statistical area designated by
7740-604: The boundaries of the Lake Mead National Recreation Area and thus not within city limits. Another casino on the other end of town is the Railroad Pass Hotel and Casino , which has a Boulder City telephone prefix, but is within the boundary of the neighboring city of Henderson. Alcohol sales were first permitted in 1969. On August 9, 2018, the Boulder City Bypass opened to the public as part of
7869-417: The case of Boulder City, the prohibition of alcohol and gambling was at least partly due to the proximity of Las Vegas, which had a notoriously rowdy vice district. Visitors to Boulder City were admitted by permit, and by 1932, there was a gatehouse through which all visitors had to pass. While the establishment of Boulder City occurred while Las Vegas was modest in size with approximately 5,000 inhabitants, it
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#17330940467157998-492: The city code of Boulder City. According to the Köppen climate classification system, Boulder City has a hot desert climate (Köppen type BWh ) As of the census of 2000, there were 14,966 people, 6,385 households, and 4,277 families residing in the city. The population density was 73.9 inhabitants per square mile (28.5/km). There were 6,979 housing units at an average density of 34.4 per square mile (13.3/km). The racial makeup of
8127-560: The city was 94.5% White , 0.7% African American , 0.7% Native American , 0.7% Asian , 0.2% Pacific Islander , 1.3% from other races , and 1.9% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4.3% of the population. There were 6,385 households, out of which 23.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.8% were married couples living together, 7.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.0% were non-families. Of all households 27.6% were made up of individuals, and 13.1% had someone living alone who
8256-408: The city's first mayor. The city charter, approved by the residents, prohibited gambling within the city limits. This provision still exists, making Boulder City one of only two locations in Nevada where gambling is illegal (the other is the town of Panaca ). The Hoover Dam Lodge hotel-casino permits gambling and has a Boulder City mailing address, but it is located on a parcel of private land within
8385-427: The city. The population density was 71.5 people per square mile. The racial makeup of the city was 88.9% White , 1.1% African American , 0.4% Native American , 1.4% Asian , 0.0% Pacific Islander , and 6.8% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 8.4% of the population. There were 6,125 households, out of which 6.3% spoke a language other than English, and 85.8% of residents were living in
8514-574: The commission. The county operates out of the Clark County Government Center in the City of Las Vegas. The building is unusual in shape, and includes an outdoor amphitheater for concerts and other events. The Las Vegas Metropolitan Police Department provides most law enforcement services in the county, including operation of the county's central jail, the Clark County Detention Center (CCDC). The present department
8643-502: The communities of Paradise, Spring Valley and Enterprise. The city of North Las Vegas and the communities of Sunrise Manor, Winchester and Whitney are more strongly Democratic, while the city of Henderson and the Summerlin South community have a Republican lean. Boulder City, where gambling is prohibited, leans Republican. Outside Las Vegas Valley, the county leans Republican. The Clark County Regional Flood Control District (CCRFCD)
8772-589: The company owner, who could shape the lifestyle and activities of his employees to serve his interests and those of the company. Model villages for agricultural workers were founded in the early 19th century in the United Kingdom. The creation of model company towns was particularly evident in Britain during the latter half of the nineteenth century with the creation of Saltaire (1851), Bournville , Port Sunlight , Creswell and New Earswick (1901) and coincided with
8901-481: The company, others were abandoned and remain without inhabitants. Other factories were leased to smaller industries or now lie empty. Some of the more interesting colonies include: Colònia Güell , in Santa Coloma de Cervelló , which contains several modernist buildings, such as the crypt church built by Antoni Gaudí ; L'Ametlla de Merola , Puig-reig , where centenary traditional cultural activities are held, such as
9030-589: The countryside and low-density development with well-built and visually appealing dwellings. Unlike Port Sunlight, Bournville catered for a mixed community, where residences were not restricted to the workforce only. Bournville illustrated how, towards the end of the nineteenth century, low-density development was being punctuated along with the provision of open air, space, and sunlight. Bournville's gardens, parks, tree-lined streets, sense of spaciousness, and country setting enhanced its aesthetic appeal and demonstrated George Cadbury's endeavour to provide workers with
9159-400: The county since the late 1980s. The last Republican senator to win the county was John Ensign in his 2006 victory, even as Jim Gibbons lost it in his gubernatorial win over Dina Titus that year. Both Kenny Guinn and Brian Sandoval carried the county in both gubernatorial terms they won, however. In 2018, Dean Heller carried 15 of Nevada's 17 county-level jurisdictions in his bid for
9288-460: The county were Mexican (23.2%), German (7.4%), Filipino (6.8%), English (6.8%), Irish (6.2%), and Italian (4.5%). In 2000 there were 512,253 households, out of which 31.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.7% were married couples living together, 11.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.7% were non-families. 24.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.7% had someone living alone who
9417-455: The dam had been chosen by the Bureau of Reclamation in 1930. Their ramshackle edifices were collectively known as "Ragtown". Boulder City was originally built in 1931 by the Bureau of Reclamation and Six Companies, Inc. as housing for workers who were building the Hoover Dam. The sheer scale of the dam and duration of the project required the Bureau of Reclamation to consider the construction of
9546-505: The day who were keen to avoid the experiences of Pullman. The first real example occurred at Indian Hill-North Village, Massachusetts , in 1915. By the 1920s, the need for company towns had declined significantly due to increased national affluence. Despite income inequalities and a relatively low standard of living conditions amongst factory laborers, the prosperity of the 1920s saw workers' material well-being improve significantly. A strong post-war American economy meant installment buying
9675-460: The early years of these model industrial villages, the Bolsover Company organized various events intended to enhance community life, such as flower shows, lectures, sporting events, concerts, teas, and dances. Catalonia , located in north-eastern Spain, has an especially high density of company towns, known locally as industrial colonies. They are especially concentrated in river basins along
9804-416: The federal reservation upon which Boulder City was situated. No hospitals were provided in the city either. Injured workers had to travel 33 miles (53 km) to Las Vegas Hospital, and when a hospital was established in the city, females were not admitted for a number of years. Like early model company town Port Sunlight , the workers of Boulder City were under strict monitoring: alcohol was prohibited in
9933-633: The first route for mule trains and herds of livestock from Nuevo Mexico to Alta California through the area, along the Virgin and Colorado Rivers . Called the Armijo Route of the Old Spanish Trail , the route was later modified into the Main Route by the passing merchants, trappers, drovers, Ute raiders and settlers over the years by moving to a more direct route. In Clark County it was northward away from
10062-421: The following reporting districts: The Clark County Commission consists of seven members who are elected to serve staggered four-year terms in biennial partisan elections. The commission members elect a chairman, who chairs their meetings. A hired county manager handles day-to-day operations under direction of the commission. The county's unincorporated towns also have appointed boards that provide advice to
10191-455: The housing-reform movement, which emphasized the improvement of housing for the working class. These model towns contrasted with the overcrowded conditions in British working-class districts, which were often characterized by congested housing, unsanitary conditions, and poor provision of open space and facilities. Model company towns promoted the idea of orderly, planned town development as well as
10320-442: The idea of 'laissez-faire' individualism, which promoted entrepreneurial virtues of hard work being rewarded rather than direct charity, began to shape new-age paternalism. Modernization and the increase in material well-being had also lessened the perceived need for paternalism and moral reform. Consequently, the economic downturn of the early 1930s saw some businesses do away with employee welfare schemes to reduce costs. However,
10449-557: The landfill. Nevada is the third most seismically active state in the U.S. (after Alaska and California); the United States Geological Survey has estimated that over the next 50 years, Clark County has a 10–20% chance of a (moment magnitude) M 6.0 or greater earthquake occurring within 50 km (31 mi) of Las Vegas. Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from
10578-480: The lease. Highways in Boulder City are listed here. Clark County, Nevada Clark County is a county located in the U.S. state of Nevada , which also comprises the Las Vegas-Henderson-North Las Vegas, NV metropolitan statistical area . The land area of Clark County is 8,061 square miles (20,880 km ), or roughly the size of New Jersey. As of the 2020 census , the population
10707-528: The mass communication of radio saw the isolation of company towns lessen, and the social basis of the company town became less necessary. Furthermore, the accessibility of private transport to the working class was a step toward equality, as private transport had previously only been accessible to the wealthy. As access to surrounding municipalities increased, residents of company towns gained access to an increasing amount of government-funded public resources such as schools, libraries, and parks. Accordingly, there
10836-464: The moniker "Nevada's Garden City". The provision of green landscape was another expression of the Bureau of Reclamation 's "mission to reclaim and 'green' the American West." The town was designed to house approximately 5,000 workers. The status of the workers on the Hoover Dam was reflected in their house sizes and locations. The most important employees had their residences on top of the hill nearer
10965-439: The nearest outside road. Traditional settings for company towns were where extractive industries – coal , metal mines, lumber – had established a monopoly franchise. Dam sites and war-industry camps founded other company towns. Since company stores often had a monopoly in company towns, it was frequently possible to pay in scrip through a truck system . However, not all company towns engaged in this particular practice. In
11094-431: The need for a balance between control and well-designed towns, concluding that a model company town would only succeed if independent professionals, acting as a buffer between employers and employees, took a role in conception, planning, and management of these towns. Historian Linda Carlson argues that the managers of corporate towns in the early 20th century believed they could avoid the mistakes made by George Pullman in
11223-478: The new State of Nevada in 1866; however, Arizona territory fought the division until 1871. Pah-Ute County became part of Lincoln County and the westernmost part became the southernmost part of Nye County . Clark County was named for William A. Clark , a Montana copper magnate and Democratic U.S. Senator . Clark was largely responsible for construction of the San Pedro, Los Angeles and Salt Lake Railroad through
11352-586: The notion of preparing for the needs of the community to provide healthier living conditions. Model company towns around the mid-nineteenth century, such as Copley (1849), near Halifax , and Saltaire (1853), close to Bradford , had improved dwellings for workers, which contrasted with working-class housing in other industrial villages and cities. These model company towns prompted the creation of others, such as Port Sunlight, Bournville, and Creswell, within an environment of reform. Port Sunlight (1888) in Cheshire
11481-453: The number of different types of stores allowed in the city, and all who wished to begin a business were screened for character and financial viability. On the other hand, there was no provision for schools in the burgeoning city, probably because the Bureau of Reclamation expected that single male workers would populate the town. The town made do with makeshift schoolrooms until the city won the right for state-funded schools to be established on
11610-656: The peace for limited jurisdiction cases and a constable. They do not correspond with city boundaries. The Las Vegas Justice Court Township the city of Las Vegas and the unincorporated towns of Blue Diamond , Cactus Springs , Enterprise , Indian Springs , Mount Charleston , Paradise , Spring Valley , Summerlin South , Sunrise Manor (partially in North Las Vegas Township), Whitney (partially in Henderson Township) and Winchester . The city of Las Vegas has
11739-572: The plot of the Oscar-winning 2016 film La La Land as the landmark across the street from the childhood home of the film's fictional heroine, aspiring actress Mia Dolan. However, La La Land's scenes of Mia's neighborhood in Boulder City (including the library) were actually filmed in Santa Clarita, CA . Stephens Media publishes the Boulder City Review . Until it ceased publication in 2009,
11868-459: The population. In terms of European/white ancestries, 11.7% were German , 9.1% were Irish , 7.6% were English , 6.3% were Italian , and 2.7% were American . Of the 715,365 households, 34.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 45.0% were married couples living together, 13.5% had a female householder with no husband present, 34.6% were non-families, and 25.3% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size
11997-399: The primary company experiences hardship or fails outright, or the industry fades in importance—such as when anthracite mining declined due to dependence on steam locomotives to spur demand—the economic effect on the company town can be devastating. Without a source of employment, the communities lose property value and population as people leave to find work elsewhere. Paternalism ,
12126-438: The racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos can be of any race. In 2022, there were 857,362 households and 2,322,985 people living in Clark County. By race and ethnicity, the population was 37.6% non-Hispanic white, 32.6% Hispanic or Latino of any race, 11.7% black, 10.7% Asian, 5.9% multiracial, 0.7% Pacific Islander, 0.3% Native American, and 0.6% some other race. The largest ancestries in
12255-672: The representation of Els Pastorets ; the three colonies of Castellbell i el Vilar : La Bauma , El Borràs , El Burés , with buildings of architectural interest; Cal Rosal , between Berga , Avià and Olvan , which, in 1858, was the first colony in the era of building large colonies in the Llobregat; Cal Vidal , Puig-reig, which houses the Museum of the Vidal Colony, or the Museum of the Sedó Colony, ideal visits for anyone wishing to learn what life
12384-428: The same house a year ago. The average household size was 2.37 people. In Boulder City, 18.1% of people were under 18, and 4.5% of people were under 5. 29% of people were older than 65. 50.6% of the population was female, with 49.4% being male. The median income for a household in the city was $ 69,746, but the per capita income was $ 41,421. 11.4% of people were in poverty. The proximity of Hoover Dam to Boulder City
12513-461: The second industrialization, which resulted in certain areas that were once purely rural becoming industrial. They were first created in the second half of the nineteenth century, especially in the 1870s after the American Civil War ended and raw cotton again became readily available. The last colonies were created in the early years of the twentieth century. Thus, company towns in Catalonia have
12642-513: The show was cancelled soon after. Boulder City has two municipal golf courses (Boulder City Municipal Golf Course and Boulder Creek Golf Course), one private golf course, a city pool, racquetball complex, lit tennis courts, athletic fields, BMX bicycle track, ample mountain hiking trails, and is only a few miles away from Lake Mead. Nevada's first airport, Boulder City Municipal Airport , is still in operation today, accommodating private planes, skydiving trips, and scenic aerial tours of Hoover Dam and
12771-732: The slopes of the Andes . The problematic geography on which the town was erected led to its distinctive appearance, with steep staircases and no streets for vehicular access. Although the El Teniente mine remains active, the town itself began to be dismantled and abandoned by the late 1960s as the maintenance of a remote on-site town was no longer financially viable. Some industrial activities still occur on Sewell's grounds, but workers have primarily been relocated to nearby urban centres. Kuusankoski in Finland, formerly also known as "the paper capital of Finland",
12900-705: The smaller businesses, or are family members of someone who does. The company may also operate parks , host cultural events such as concerts, donate a church building to a local congregation, etc. A town that existed before establishing a primary business may not officially be a company town. Still, if a single company employs most citizens, similar conditions may exist (especially regarding the town's economy). Similar dependencies may exist in specific neighborhoods or areas within larger cities . Company towns often become regular (public) cities and towns as they grow and attract other settlements, business enterprises, and public transportation and services infrastructure. However, if
13029-417: The state of Nevada is on the Colorado River just south of Laughlin in Clark County, where it flows out of Nevada into California and Arizona . Greater Las Vegas is a tectonic valley, surrounded by four mountain ranges, with nearby Mount Charleston being the highest elevation at 11,918 ft (3,633 m), located to the northwest. Other than the forests on Mount Charleston, the geography in Clark County
13158-470: The state's most populous city, has been the county seat since its establishment. The county was formed by the Nevada Legislature by splitting off a portion of Lincoln County on February 5, 1909, and was organized on July 1, 1909. The Las Vegas Valley , a 600 sq mi (1,600 km ) basin, includes Las Vegas and other major cities and communities such as North Las Vegas , Henderson , and
13287-512: The textile-related ones) were mostly constructed close to a river. This was because they used hydraulic power (waterwheels) to run the factory. One reason for this was that Catalonia was poor in coal, and importing it was expensive. In addition, the Catalan rivers (with little volume but a very steep sloping run) provided free and almost inexhaustible energy, which was lacking only in times of drought. The industrial colonies' system began to collapse in
13416-607: The town or the price of goods at its shops, thus resulting in the Pullman Strike of 1894. A national commission formed to investigate the causes of the strikes found that Pullman's paternalism was partly to blame and labeled it "Un-American". The report condemned Pullman for refusing to negotiate and for the economic hardships he created for workers in the town of Pullman. "The aesthetic features are admired by visitors, but have little money value to employees, especially when they lack bread." The State of Illinois filed suit, and in 1898,
13545-524: The town until 1969 and gambling has been prohibited since the city's outset. The city was founded during the Prohibition era. Boulder Theatre, established in 1931, meant that workers were not obliged to travel to Las Vegas for amusements. Such measures were common for company towns dating back to the 19th century, since sober workers surrounded by their own gardens and provided with appropriate entertainment would be more productive during their working days. In
13674-472: The town was consolidated into Kouvola's regional capital. The French city of Le Creusot is a company town. Leverkusen was founded in 1861 around Carl Leverkus ' dye factory that later became the headquarters of Bayer . The city of Ludwigshafen has been dominated by BASF 's plants since the chemical company moved here in 1865. The neighboring municipality Limburgerhof also emerged from housing estates for BASF workers. Neuölsburg , built since 1875 for
13803-525: The vote in every election since 1996. This Democratic trend predates the county's explosive growth in the second half of the 20th century. Republican presidential candidates have only won the county six times from 1912 to the present day, all coming in national landslides where the Republican won over 400 electoral votes. At the statewide level, however, the county is more of a swing county, with several Republican gubernatorial candidates and U.S. Senators winning
13932-414: The wave of development forecast by 1980, Clark County embarked on a regional environmental impact assessment funded by a federal Section 208 program, with Sedway Cooke conducting the planning work and Earth Metrics performing environmental analysis. This endeavor projected population growth, land use changes and environmental impacts. To prevent the loss of federal funds due to unacceptable dust levels in
14061-520: The workers of Ilseder Hütte , was a separate municipality until 1964. Many other companies, especially in the mining and steel industry, built housing estates for their workers near existing cities rather than separate company towns. A notable example is Siedlung Eisenheim in Oberhausen from the mid-19th century, once home to 1200 steel smelters of the Gutehoffnungshütte , which is now protected as
14190-566: The working class. During the late nineteenth century, model company towns materialized as enlightened industrialists recognized that many poor workers were living in appalling conditions. These industrialists wished to combat the unsanitary and congested conditions common to working-class districts to create better living conditions for workers. Model company towns such as Port Sunlight (1888) and Bournville (1895) were influential in regards to their building and planning innovation. The ideas generated from these model towns are regarded as having
14319-466: The world's first purpose-built company towns. It was abandoned in 1954 after the mine was closed. It currently houses a museum of contemporary art and temporary exhibitions. Grand-Hornu is one of the four industrial sites in Wallonia that were listed by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site in 2012. Fordlândia was established by American industrialist Henry Ford in 1928 as a prefabricated industrial town in
14448-487: Was 2,265,461. Most of the county population resides in the Las Vegas Census County Divisions, which has 2,196,623 people as of the 2020 Census. It is by far the most populous county in Nevada, and the 11th-most populous county in the United States . It covers 7% of the state's land area but holds 73% of the state's population, making Nevada the most centralized state in the United States. Las Vegas ,
14577-471: Was 2.70 and the average family size was 3.26. The median age was 35.5 years. The median income for a household in the county was $ 56,258 and the median income for a family was $ 63,888. Males had a median income of $ 43,693 versus $ 35,324 for females. The per capita income for the county was $ 27,422. About 8.7% of families and 11.7% of the population were below the poverty line , including 16.9% of those under age 18 and 7.6% of those age 65 or over. The county
14706-449: Was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.30 and the average family size was 2.79. In the city, the population was spread out, with 20.4% under the age of 18, 5.3% from 18 to 24, 21.3% from 25 to 44, 29.3% from 45 to 64, and 23.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 47 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.0 males. The median income for
14835-497: Was a large open parkland and a bandstand. Not only did the Bolsover Company aim to provide better housing, but they also wished to improve workers' moral fibre, believing that the provision of facilities and the promotion of workers' welfare would discourage drunkenness, gambling, and bad language. The Bolsover Company provided facilities deemed beneficial for employees at both villages, including clubhouses, bowling greens, cooperative society stores, cricket pitches, and schools. During
14964-410: Was above age 64. The average household size was 2.65 and the average family size was 3.17. The county population contained 25.6% under the age of 18, 9.2% from 18 to 24, 32.2% from 25 to 44, 22.3% from 45 to 64, and 10.7% who were over age 64. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females there were 103.50 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 102.80 males. The median income for
15093-436: Was accessible to low-wage earners who could now purchase previously unattainable goods like automobiles and radios. Moreover, workers were no longer dependent on employers for healthcare and education. By the 1920s, widespread ownership of automobiles meant workers no longer needed to live near their workplaces and now had access to more employment opportunities. A combination of the freedom that came with private transport and
15222-505: Was built from scratch, housing the workers of the Eisenhüttenkombinat Ost ironworks. In Japan , an equivalent to company towns are " Kigyō Jōkamachi " ( 企業城下町 , Company castle town ). However, these differ from company towns because the companies do not own or develop them. Instead, the term refers to towns where a specific company has a major influence on the town's economy due to that company or its subcontractors employing
15351-543: Was created in 1973 when the Clark County Sheriff's Department merged with the Las Vegas Police Department. Other entities with police forces include University of Nevada, Las Vegas , the College of Southern Nevada , the Clark County School District , and cities of Henderson , Mesquite , Boulder City and North Las Vegas . The Clark County Office of Public Safety (formerly Clark County Park Police)
15480-502: Was created in 1985 by the Nevada Legislature allowing Clark County to provide broad solutions to flooding problems. The Regional Transportation Commission of Southern Nevada operates the RTC Transit system, and does planning for most major roadways. The Southern Nevada Water Authority is a multi-agency group that manages the water distribution for the Las Vegas Valley. The Las Vegas Wash Coordination Committee manages and protects
15609-429: Was effectively the beginning of the fragmentation of cities in the region of Clark County . This move to disperse to multiple centers predated the decentralization movement of the 1970s. The nearby city of Henderson , founded in 1943 and based around the magnesium industry, was another early example of decentralization before Clark County had a significant population: "...the region began to decentralize and regroup as
15738-480: Was established by William Hesketh Lever (later Lord Leverhulme) of Lever Brothers – a soap and tallow manufacturer. The earlier layout of this model company town was planned to suit the site's undulating topography. Port Sunlight catered for the Lever Brothers employees with improved housing (cottages of varying designs and materials) and gardens, as well as social and community facilities, including an auditorium,
15867-406: Was exhibited in his desire to provide an environment for his employees that was aesthetically appealing and which included well-designed residences, parks, schools, libraries, and meeting halls. The industrialist also wished to contribute to his workers' well-being by providing social programs such as sporting events and functions. This, however, highlights the power and immense control possessed by
15996-460: Was founded was a harsh, desert environment. Its sole reason for existence was the need to house workers contracted to build the Hoover Dam on the Colorado River (known commonly as Boulder Dam from 1933 to 1947, when it was officially renamed Hoover Dam by a joint resolution of Congress). Men hoping for work on the dam project had begun settling along the river in tents soon after the precise site for
16125-400: Was like in one of these industrial experiments. Having bought the mining concession of Grand-Hornu in 1810, French industrialist Henri De Gorge soon realized the need to accommodate the growing workforce of his expanding business. He commissioned architect François Obin and, after his death, Bruno Renard , to build a functional complex in a neoclassical style. Grand-Hornu became one of
16254-428: Was no longer a need for the amenities of company towns which, before welfare capitalism , had previously been unattainable to the working class. This new-found freedom saw a change in the mindset of workers, who began to look at welfare capitalism as demeaning rather than an incentive. Accordingly, many employees started to request additional pay instead of welfare programs. This was well received by some employers as
16383-451: Was privately owned by De Beers until 2017 and thus governed by the diamond mining company's administration. In 2011, the political administration was handed over to the government , which proclaimed it a town. It is now governed by a seven-seat town council. During South African Apartheid , a form of company towns existed under the contract labor system in Namibia, then South West Africa ,
16512-514: Was the case at Pullman. Although many small company towns existed in mining areas of Pennsylvania before the American Civil War , one of the most significant and most substantial early company towns in the United States was Pullman , developed in the 1880s just outside the Chicago city limits. The entirely company-owned town provided housing, markets, a library, churches, and entertainment for
16641-438: Was to be an emphasis on a clean-living environment for dam workers. The plan submitted by DeBoer in 1930 was formal and symmetrical with a park and the Bureau of Reclamation building at the termination of the two main axes. The plan was deemed too expensive to carry out in its original form and was modified to allow for more regular block sizes. Nevertheless, its allowance for public space and copious amounts of landscaping earned it
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