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68-438: Botánico is a neighbourhood ( barrio ) of Asunción , Paraguay . 25°14′38″S 57°34′14″W  /  25.2439°S 57.5706°W  / -25.2439; -57.5706 This Paraguay location article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Asunci%C3%B3n Asunción ( English: / ɑː ˌ s uː n s i ˈ oʊ n , ˌ ɑː s uː n ˈ s j oʊ n / , Spanish: [asunˈsjon] )

136-497: A deliberative and legislative body of the government municipal. According to article 24 of the aforementioned law, the number of councilors that a municipality requires varies according to the budget amount that the State issues to the jurisdiction. The city is governed by the municipality in similar instances to the national level: the Mayor would be equivalent to an executive body , and

204-504: A bank of banks and financial agent of the State. To this end, it has various powers in monetary, financial, credit, and international exchange matters. According to the 2022 Cost of Living ranking prepared by ECA International , the price of products and services in about 200 cities around the world was compared. The study revealed that Asunción is the third cheapest city in Latin America for

272-619: A descendant of the first mentioned, made a donation by testament of a section of those lands to the Franciscans who built a chapel for the devotion of the Virgin of the Rosary in 1750 - 1755, and from that time the old name of Salinas was changed to Valle de Luque. In 1781, governor Pedro Melo de Portugal made the first administrative division of the Governorate of Paraguay into six towns and designated

340-456: A foreigner. Regional Real Estate focuses on Asunción due to low inflation, exchange rate stability, high rental income, and lower taxes. Most of the buildings are intelligent and have cutting-edge technology, like others that combine mixed uses. Between 2015 and 2020, real estate developments demanded an investment of more than US$ 1 billion, and the place in Asunción where this impact received

408-583: A relative of Pedro de Mendoza , were sent in search of Ayolas, but failed to find him. On his way up and then down the river, de Salazar stopped briefly at a bay in the left bank to resupply his ships. He found the natives friendly, and decided to found a fort there in August 1537. He named it Nuestra Señora Santa María de la Asunción (Our Lady Saint Mary of the Assumption – the Roman Catholic Church celebrates

476-426: A typical winter day includes mild afternoons, as well as cool mornings and evenings. The average temperature in winter is 18 °C (64 °F). Ground frost may usually occur throughout the season, especially in the suburban and rural areas of Greater Asunción. The fresh south wind that blows from Argentina is the predominant one in the season, although sometimes winds from the north bring warmer temperatures. Snow

544-461: A very short dry season between May and September, but the coldest months are June, July and August. During the wet season , Asunción is generally hot and humid though towards the end of this season, it becomes noticeably cooler. In contrast, Asunción's dry season is pleasantly mild. Asunción's annual precipitation values observe a summer maximum, due to severe subtropical summer thunderstorms which travel southward from northern Paraguay, originating in

612-618: Is first mentioned in 1635, in an act of the Cabildo of Asunción when the colonial governor of the Governorate of Paraguay , Martín Ledesma de Valderrama, granted two leagues of land to a Spanish Captain named Miguel Antón de Luque in a place near Asunción known as las Salinas . According to the act this was the place where Captain Antón de Luque had been working an Encomienda for more than twenty years. A century later, in 1743, another Miguel de Luque,

680-404: Is high throughout the year, so the heat index is higher than the true air temperature in the summer, and in the winter it can feel cooler. The average annual temperature is 23 °C (73 °F). The average annual precipitation is high, with 1,400 millimeters (55 in) distributed in over 80 days yearly. The highest recorded temperature was 43.0 °C (109.4 °F) on 17 October 2023, while

748-468: Is located here. The city is the economic center of Paraguay , followed by Ciudad del Este and Encarnación . The attractiveness of the city has been attributed to its easygoing tax policies. Asunción has unrestrained taxes on the investments and movements of capital. There is also no income tax for investors in Bonds of Asunción Stock Exchange. Incentives like these attract significant foreign investment into

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816-599: Is one of the oldest cities in South America and the longest continually inhabited area in the Río de la Plata Basin ; for this reason it is known as "the Mother of Cities". From Asunción, Spanish colonial expeditions departed to found other cities, including the second foundation of Buenos Aires , that of other important cities such as Villarrica , Corrientes , Santa Fe , Córdoba , Santa Cruz de la Sierra and 65 more. According to

884-491: Is practically zero since Asunción is a strictly urban area. Regarding commerce, it should be pointed out that this sector has developed considerably in recent years, moving from the old town to residential neighborhoods, where shopping malls, shopping centers, and commercial promenades are spread. This trend is still increasing. Important international banks have their headquarters in the capital, among them are Citibank , Itau Bank, GNB  [ es ] , BBVA , etc. Among

952-418: Is that Paraguay in recent years has noticed the rise in the purchasing power of the middle and upper-middle classes (young professionals, with an average age of 35 years), and this situation has led them to search and buy a home in the departments, to work in the offices that were opened from 2014 to the present. The city has a large number of both public and private schools. The best-known public schools are

1020-699: Is the capital and the largest city of Paraguay . The city stands on the eastern bank of the Paraguay River , almost at the confluence of this river with the Pilcomayo River . The Paraguay River and the Bay of Asunción in the northwest separate the city from the Occidental Region of Paraguay and from Argentina in the south part of the city. The rest of the city is surrounded by the Central Department . Asunción

1088-504: Is unknown in modern times, but it fell during the Little Ice Age , the last time being in June 1751. Precipitation is abundant throughout the year, as storms or showers usually develop quite frequently; except for the winter months, when weak but continuous drizzles are more common. The relative humidity in the environment remains high all year round (averaging 70%). Asunción generally has

1156-532: The Alto Paraná Atlantic forests . Some important bodies of water are the Pozo Colorado, De Los Patos, Ycuá Satí, and Jaén streams. All of these run hidden under the pavement of Asunción and flow into the river. The orography of the city is characterized by being irregular, partly because of "the seven hills" that could be seen from the river upon reaching the city. The old town sits on a hill and preserves

1224-464: The Central Department —although had not been part of it since 1973—. Later, Areguá —a city with a colonial feel— began to be the capital, and therefore, to administer the department until today. In May 2000, the Congress building was attacked by tanks in the midst of a failed coup d'état, which led to the president declaring a state of exception at the national level. In August 2004, the city suffered

1292-723: The Colegio Nacional de la Capital (which is one of the oldest schools in the city, founded in 1877), Colegio Técnico Nacional, Colegio Nacional Presidente Franco, and Colegio Nacional Asunción Escalada. The best-known private schools are, American School of Asunción , Colegio San José, St. Annes School, Colegio del Sol, Colegio Santa Clara, Colegio Goethe and Colegio de la Asunción, Colegio Las Almenas, Colegio Campoalto, Colegio Dante Alighieri , Colegio San Francisco, Colegio San Ignacio de Loyola, Colegio Santa Teresa de Jesús, Colegio Inmaculado Corazón de María, Salesianito, Colegio Cristo Rey , Colegio Internacional. The main universities in

1360-654: The Gran Chaco region of the northwestern part of the country. The wettest and driest months of the year are April and July, on average receiving respectively 166 and 39 mm (6.54 and 1.54 in) of precipitation. The Municipal Government is exercised by the Municipal Board and the Municipal Intendance , in accordance with the provisions of Article 20 of the Municipal Organic Law (MOL). Those who make up

1428-581: The coup d'état against the government of Alfredo Stroessner —which lasted almost 35 years— the Treaty of Asunción was signed with the presidents of Argentina, Brazil, Uruguay, and Paraguay. This treaty gave rise to the Southern Common Market ( Mercosur ), a regional integration organization. Since 1993, Asunción has become an autonomous municipality administered as a capital district and is not formally integrated into any department. Before 1993, it managed

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1496-475: The parallels 25° 15' and 25° 20' of south latitude and between the meridians 57° 40' and 57° 30' of west longitude . The city sits on the left bank of the Paraguay River , almost at the confluence of this river with the River Pilcomayo. The Paraguay River and the Bay of Asunción in the northwest separate the city from the Occidental Region of Paraguay and Argentina in the south part of the city. The rest of

1564-613: The 2022 Paraguayan Census, Asunción has 462,241 inhabitants, while its metropolitan area (known as Greater Asunción) exceeds 2.3 million inhabitants, making it the most densely populated area in Paraguay, and also the most productive as it concentrates the 70% of the National GDP. Asunción is the third most populated "jurisdiction" or "political division" in the country, surpassed by the Central and Alto Paraná departments. Administratively,

1632-573: The Ascension of Jesus. Although the dogma was not proclaimed until 1950 , the festival dates back to the 9th century and was especially celebrated in Spain and America. The Spanish conquistador Juan de Ayolas (died c.  1537 ) may have first visited the site of the future city on his way north, up the Paraguay River , looking for a passage to the mines of Upper Peru (present-day Bolivia). Later, Juan de Salazar y Espinosa and Gonzalo de Mendoza ,

1700-571: The Board or the Intendant. Asunción is an autonomous municipality administered as capital district and is not formally integrated into any departments , so in addition to bringing together the three powers of the nation, it also has its own Judicial District and its own municipal police, apart from the traffic police. The economic development of the country is reflected in the city by how in recent years construction (infrastructure) has grown rapidly due to

1768-696: The Feast of the Assumption on 15 August). In 1542 natives destroyed Buenos Aires, and the Spaniards there fled to Asunción. Thus the city became the center of a large Spanish colonial province comprising part of Brazil, present-day Paraguay and northeastern Argentina. In 1603 Asunción was the seat of the First Synod of Asunción , which set guidelines for the evangelization of the natives in their lingua franca , Guaraní . In 1731 an uprising under José de Antequera y Castro

1836-424: The Municipal Board a legislative and regulatory body . The municipal board is responsible for issuing laws or ordinances, which are municipal legal regulations whose mandatory force applies within the limits of the district. There are three types of government acts that give rise to the dynamics of municipal functioning: Ordinance , Regulation and Resolution municipal. The ordinances are general regulations for

1904-583: The Municipality of Asunción as BVPASA : MUA . Asunción is one of the best cities for investments, both in construction and services, thus being one of the cities in the region with the highest economic growth, nowadays. It is the headquarters of the three state powers (Executive, Legislative and Judicial), the Cultural Center of the Republic and the different agencies and entities of the State. It used to be

1972-797: The Paraguayan capital banks, there are the National Development Bank, the Family Bank, the Amambay Bank, the Regional Bank, the Visión Banco, etc. At the same time, the Central Bank of Paraguay has its headquarters in this city. Its mission is to preserve and ensure the stability and value of the currency, promote the effectiveness and stability of the financial system, and fulfill its role as

2040-580: The cathedral and a larger campus in the Santa Ana neighborhood, outwards toward the adjoining city of Lambaré , while the Universidad Nacional has its main campus in the city of San Lorenzo , some 5 km (3 mi) eastward from Asunción. There are also a number of smaller, privately run universities such as Uninorte, Universidad Católica Nuestra Señora de la Asunción and Universidad Autónoma de Asunción , among others. Luque The name Luque

2108-566: The characteristic plan of the towns of the colonial era, while the Church of La Encarnación is actually located at the highest point in the downtown. The highest point in Asunción is the Cerro Lambaré, at 156 meters (512 ft) above sea level, which is surrounded by a small forest mass and usually offers a spectacular show in the springtime because of the blossoming lapacho trees in the area. The 7 hills of Asunción are: Another important elevation

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2176-463: The city and the streets were named. However, during the presidency of Carlos Antonio López (President 1844–1862) Asunción (and Paraguay) saw further progress as the new president implemented new economic policies. More than 400 schools, metallurgic factories and the first railroad service in South America were built during the López presidency. After López died in 1862, his son Francisco Solano López became

2244-526: The city are the Universidad Americana and the Universidad Nacional de Asunción (state-run). The Universidad Nacional de Asunción was founded in 1889 and has an enrollment of just over 40,000 students. The Universidad Católica Nuestra Señora de la Asunción was founded in 1960 and has a current enrollment of around 21,000 students. The Católica has a small campus in the downtown area next to

2312-505: The city forms an autonomous capital district, not a part of any department . The metropolitan area , called Gran Asunción , includes the cities of San Lorenzo , Fernando de la Mora , Lambaré , Luque , Mariano Roque Alonso , Ñemby , San Antonio , Limpio , Capiatá and Villa Elisa , which are part of the Central Department. The Asunción metropolitan area has around two million inhabitants. The Asunción Stock Exchange lists

2380-727: The city is "Nuestra Señora de la Asunción" ( Our Lady of the Assumption ), according to the founding document of the Cabildo, dated 16 September 1541. The fort that preceded it was established with the same name on 15 August 1537, by Juan de Salazar de Espinosa , the day on which the Catholic Church commemorates the Assumption of Mary . Asunción comes from the Latin noun, of ecclesiastical use, assumptīō , defined as: "the Virgin Mary being elevated body and soul to heaven" and must be distinguished from

2448-517: The city is surrounded by the Central Department . The Paraguay River is the most important hydrographic body of the city since river commerce develops through it, and it is also a tourist attraction. Asunción Bay is separated from the great Paraguay River by the San Miguel Bank, a narrow lowland peninsula where two geographical and ecological regions of Paraguay converge: the Humid Chaco and

2516-504: The city. According to experts, Paraguay is tapped as one of the top three countries with the best investment climate in Latin America and the Caribbean. As well it remains the most attractive nation in the hemisphere in doing business and is equipped with a series of legislations that protect strategic investments and guarantee a friendly environment for the development of large industrial plants and infrastructure projects. The distribution of

2584-407: The community, sanctioned by the Board and promulgated by the Municipality, and serve to establish rights, obligations and prohibitions for the inhabitants of the district and for the inhabitants of the country who for some reason are in the jurisdiction. The initiative of the ordinance projects is agreed upon by the members of the Board, the Intendant, and the citizens by popular initiative . They have

2652-585: The country's population. Progress slowed down greatly afterwards, and the economy stagnated. After the Paraguayan War, Asunción began a slow attempt at recovery. Towards the end of the 19th century and during the early years of the 20th century, a flow of immigrants from Europe and the Ottoman Empire came to the city. This led to a change in the appearance of the city as many new buildings were built and Asunción went through an era more prosperous than any since

2720-446: The district with the name Partido de Luque. The city of Luque extends from Ypacaraí Lake to the western bank of the Paraguay River . Luque is located to the East of Asunción and borders the following cities: Luque is the third-most populated city of Paraguay , after the capital city and Ciudad del Este . It is the most populated city of the Central Department of Paraguay. Luque

2788-401: The economically active population varies according to the economic sectors. Actually indicates that the population fundamentally participates in the tertiary sector (commerce and services), employing 8 out of every 10 individuals. The secondary sector (industry and construction) concentrates 16% of the economically active, while participation in the primary sector (agriculture and livestock)

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2856-475: The force of local law, that is, within the municipality, but they must comply with the law dictated by the National Congress . The regulations are general internal rules issued by the Board or the Intendant and serve to organize the administrative divisions of the municipality. Resolutions are rules applied to specific or particular cases, whether to a specific individual or group, and can be issued either by

2924-612: The global population of one of them, the cinnamon sandpiper ( Tryngites subruficollis ), passes through the bay during its migration to the south, turning Asunción Bay into an Important Bird Area (IBA). Asunción has a humid subtropical climate ( Köppen : Cfa ) that closely borders on a tropical savanna climate (Köppen: Aw ), characterized by hot, humid summers (average of 27.5 °C or 81.5 °F in January), and mild winters (average of 17.6 °C; 63.7 °F in July). Relative humidity

2992-452: The great demand for foreign investment. In addition, Asunción ranks sixth as the most profitable city in Latin America. The most important companies, businesses, and investment groups have their headquarters in Asunción. Commerce has expanded considerably in recent years stretching towards the suburbs where shopping malls and supermarkets have been built. Paraguay's only stock exchange, the BVPASA ,

3060-595: The greatest tragedy in the history of the country, after the Chaco War, with the Tragedy of Ycua Bolaños , a fire that claimed more than 300 lives, with hundreds injured. Due to the unbridled growth and lack of urban planning and infrastructure in the capital and its surrounding areas —in recent years—, Asunción is becoming a city with problems similar to the large metropolises of the world (e.g.: intense traffic during rush hours, insufficiency of services, among others). However, at

3128-489: The heat is even more accentuated than in the surrounding area, due to the urban heat island effect. The warm north wind that blows from Brazil is the predominant one in the season, although sometimes winds from the south bring more pleasant precipitation and temperatures. Winters are mild and quite irregular because throughout the season there can be cold days —minimums around 0 °C (32 °F)— as well as quite warm days —maximums around 30 °C (86 °F)—. Generally,

3196-522: The home of Juana María de Lara, in downtown Asunción. On the night of 14 and 15 May 1811, the rebels succeeded and forced governor Velasco to surrender. Today, Lara's former home, known as Casa de la Independencia (House of the Independence), operates as a museum and historical building. After Paraguay became independent, significant change occurred in Asunción. Under the rule of Gaspar Rodríguez de Francia (in office 1813–1840) roads were built throughout

3264-442: The interior area. The interior area used to be covered with lush forests that made up part of the Humid Chaco , these easily exceeded 40 meters (130 ft) in height. Among the common floral species found are the tree fern or chachi, the pink lapacho ( Tabebuia heptaphylla ), the yvyra pytä ( Peltophorum dubium ), the guatambú or yvyra ñeti ( Balfourodendron riedelianum ), the cedar or ygary ( Cedrela fissilis ), etc. Among

3332-491: The large animals that lived in the area that is currently Asunción were the jaguar ( Panthera onca ), the tapir ( Tapirus terrestris ), the harpy eagle ( Harpia harpyja ), the capuchin monkey ( Cebus apella ), etc. The last remnants of this great ecosystem can be seen in the Botanical Garden and Zoo of Asunción and in the surroundings of Cerro Lambare; in these places can still be find medium and small animals, such as

3400-522: The lowest recorded temperature was −1.2 °C (29.8 °F) on 27 June 2011. The highest rainfall accumulation within 24 hours was 222 mm (8.74 in) on 26 February 2014. Summers are hot and humid, with temperatures that can eventually exceed 40 °C (104 °F), due to ambient humidity. The average temperature in January is 28 °C (82 °F). Hours of sunshine abound, as do isolated showers and short summer storms . In Asunción itself,

3468-750: The main cities of the country begin here. It is the headquarters of the Permanent Review Court of Mercosur. In the metropolitan area of Asunción, district of Luque , is the headquarters of the South American Football Confederation . It is located in a strategic area for Mercosur , in the center-north of the Southern Cone . This geographical position allows it relative proximity to cities such as Buenos Aires, Montevideo , Córdoba , Rosario , Curitiba , São Paulo, Porto Alegre , Santa Cruz de la Sierra , and other important cities in

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3536-413: The main river port of the country, a function that Villeta occupies today. Despite the situations throughout its history, Asunción continues to be the center of national and cultural activities. From the capital, the main state resolutions and projects are issued; and the banking, economic, cultural, diplomatic, social, union and industrial entities of the country are centralized. Most of the main routes to

3604-452: The mayor's office are the Intendant and the administrative departments of the municipality. The Mayor is the general administrator of the district, who is elected directly by the citizens to operate for a period of 5 years, while The councillor integrated into the municipal board last 5 years in their functions, with the possibility of being re-elected, and whose function is limited to that of

3672-581: The most recent being the Paraguayan March of 1999 (in which 8 protesters were shot dead, causing the resignation of then-president Cubas ), the impeachment of President Lugo in 2012 (which caused the suspension of Paraguay in Mercosur), or the political crisis of 2017 (protesters set fire to the Congress building), among others. Being at the Argentina–Paraguay border , Asunción is located between

3740-448: The most was on Aviadores del Chaco Avenue and Santa Teresa Avenue. Much of this achievement was due to the change in customs that citizens have been presenting, in relation to the fact that many owners changed their way of living and are more demanding with comfort, especially with technology, which enhances the possibility of going to live in apartments to acquire comfort, location, security, price, quality, among other issues. Another key

3808-573: The national government, principal port, and the chief industrial, political, economic and cultural center of Paraguay. Near Asunción, in Luque, are the headquarters of the CONMEBOL , the continental governing body of association football in South America. Asunción ranks as one of the cheapest cities in the world for foreign visitors, and the third-safest capital in Latin America, behind Buenos Aires and Santiago , according to InSight Crime . The official name of

3876-448: The new president and led the country through the disastrous Paraguayan War that lasted for five years (1864–1870). On 1 January 1869, the capital city Asunción fell to Brazilian forces led by Gen. João de Souza da Fonseca Costa. After the end of the armed conflict, Brazilian troops occupied Asunción until 1876. Many historians have claimed that this war provoked a steady downfall of the city and country, since it massacred two-thirds of

3944-412: The old town. It is one of the most important stopping places during the journey of Nearctic and Southern migratory birds. Asunción Bay has a wide variety of habitats, yet their availability changes throughout the year giving as a result large seasonal fluctuations in the water level of the Paraguay River , which make the depth and extent of bay flooding vary considerably. During the southern winter, when

4012-514: The region. It is located about 1,300 km (810 mi) from the Pacific Ocean and about 1,000 km (620 mi) from the Atlantic Ocean, being relatively equidistant between both oceans, a factor that promotes economic growth and leads it to become a kind of hub in the region. The Globalization and World Cities Research Network classifies Asunción as a "Gamma City". It is the home of

4080-438: The saijovy or common celestine ( Thraupis sayaca ), etc. coexist in the densely populated areas of the city with the domestic pigeon , which is an invasive specie that is reproducing at an accelerated rate, causing damage to the facades of buildings and in some cases displacing the local birdlife. On the other hand, the bay area has an approximate area of 375 hectares (930 acres) and is located just 2 km (1.2 mi) from

4148-409: The same time, there are dozens of investments in the city, making it one of the cities with the most economic growth in the region. To improve the transportation situation, several alternatives are planned, such as the metrobus or the electric train, among others. Also the construction of more viaducts and tunnels. Likewise, Asunción has been the meeting point of the largest demonstrations in Paraguay,

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4216-437: The toco toucan ( Ramphastos toco ), the gold tegu ( Tupinambis teguixin ), the opossum ( Didelphis albiventris ), the Paraguayan magpie ( Cyanocorax chrysops ), the masakaragua'i or cucucucha ( Troglodytes aedon ), etc.; while some small birds such as the cardinal ( Paroaria coronata ), the turtle dove ( Zenaida meloda ), the chingolo or cachilito ( Zonotrichia capensis ), the golden goldfinch ( Sicalis flaveola ),

4284-501: The war. A tramway in Asunción opened in 1871, initially using horse-drawn trams and steam-powered trams, with electric trams being introduced in 1913. The last tram service was discontinued around 1995, followed by formal closure in November 1997. Between 1932 and 1935, Paraguay faced a war with Bolivia in the Chaco War and at that time Asunción became a place of relief and help for

4352-523: The water is abundantly high, the bay is largely underwater, but towards the end of the season when the water level drops, sandy and clay beaches ( tidal marsh ) appear. If the waters continue to recede, most of the marshes dry out and become grasslands , some of which remain wet. A total of 258 bird species have been recorded, including 7 globally endangered species and 28 species that nest in North America and migrate to southern South America. More than 3% of

4420-564: The wounded in the conflict. The Defensores del Chaco stadium located in the Sajonia neighborhood owes its name precisely to the fact that the army that would go to fight against the Bolivians in defense of the Chaco was recruited in this place. Asunción has been the first completely urban city in Paraguay since approximately the middle of the 20th century. On the other hand, until the early 1980s, Asunción

4488-399: Was Mount Tacumbú, but in the 1950s began its exploitation in order to pave the streets of Asunción. Today only a lagoon remains as a result of the impossibility of suctioning the waters by the rocks that were left there. The quarry stopped working due to the urbanization of the area. Its current height is 91 meters (299 ft). The biogeographical areas of Asunción are two, the bay area, and

4556-454: Was one of the first rebellions against Spanish colonial rule. The uprising failed, but it was the first sign of the independent spirit that was growing among the criollos , mestizos and natives of Paraguay. The event influenced the independence of Paraguay, which subsequently materialized in 1811. The secret meetings between the independence leaders to plan an ambush against the Spanish Governor in Paraguay ( Bernardo de Velasco ) took place at

4624-438: Was the only city in Paraguay with more than 100,000 inhabitants, taking into account that the rural population has always predominated in Paraguay. At the end of the 1980s, the rural exodus began, contributing to the demographic increase —especially urban— of Central Department (part of current Greater Asunción). Consequently, the population of Asunción remained practically stagnant since then. In March 1991, just two years after

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