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25-507: Even before then there was evidence of a strong German presence in the city. For example, the Taksim German Hospital , founded by three nurses, started receiving patients in 1852. Today many German expatriates live in the city although they would not call themselves true Bosporus Germans. The first generation came a few decades before and (especially) during the three political visits of Kaiser Wilhelm II to Constantinople (Istanbul),

50-615: A hospital in Turkey is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Mediterranean Division The Mediterranean Division ( German : Mittelmeerdivision ) was a division consisting of the battlecruiser SMS  Goeben and the light cruiser SMS  Breslau of the German Kaiserliche Marine (Imperial Navy) in the early 1910s. It was established in response to the First Balkan War and saw action during

75-577: A move to the Adriatic Sea to make the British fleet drop back. However, after 5 hours of steaming west, Goeben decided to turn east as her coal supply was running low. Goeben radioed Breslau to drop back and delay the Gloucester which would allow Goeben to reach a collier off the coast of Greece. Gloucester engaged Breslau with minor damage, and then tried to attack Goeben , but missed. Breslau

100-825: A small gunboat not intended to be used in combat. Therefore, the German General Staff determined that a larger naval presence was needed to give Germany the ability to project power in the Mediterranean. As a result, the battlecruiser Goeben and the light cruiser Breslau were despatched to join Loreley in Constantinople , forming the new Mediterranean Division. The two ships left Kiel on 4 November, and arrived on 15 November 1912. From April 1913, Goeben visited many Mediterranean ports, including Venice , Pola , and Naples , before sailing into Albanian waters, while

125-496: Is owned by the Universal Hospitals Group since 1992. It was closed for a three-year refurbishment and re-opened in 1995. The hospital had around 300 beds. It shut down most of its clinics during 2013 and closed its doors indefinitely following a temporary, one-month closure in 2014. The hospital was founded in 1852 by three nurses working to the model of German Pastor Theodor Fliedner . This article about

150-783: The British -controlled Suez Canal to reach the lucrative markets and resources of the Orient. The German Fountain in the Hippodrome was built in 1900 to commemorate the visit of the Kaiser to Constantinople. Some of the most beautiful Bosporus villas , such as the Krupp and Huber Villas, were also designed by Germans. Many Germans in Istanbul supported the Young Turk movement of the early-20th century and nurtured

175-569: The First World War . It was disbanded after the ships were transferred to the Ottoman Empire four years after their pursuit by the British battlecruisers Indomitable and Indefatigable and light cruisers Dublin and Gloucester . When the First Balkan War broke out in October 1912, the only permanent German naval presence in the Mediterranean was provided by SMS  Loreley ,

200-609: The Turkish Navy , although they retained their German crews and captains. Goeben and Breslau were renamed Yavuz Sultan Selim and Midilli , respectively. Soon after their transfer, Yavuz Sultan Selim shelled the Russian ports of Sevastopol , Odessa and Novorossiysk and intercepted the Russian fleet at the Battle of Cape Sarych . This helped push Turkey into World War I on the side of

225-623: The Asian side of Istanbul, was also designed by a German architect in 1908. The German engineers and craftsmen working on Haydarpaşa Station also established a small German colony in nearby Yeldeğirmeni (now a neighbourhood of Kadıköy ). Both these train stations played a vital role in the Berlin-Istanbul-Baghdad Railway project, which would enhance economic and political ties between the German and Ottoman empires and allow Germany to bypass

250-528: The Central Powers. The division then started to escort coal convoys and bombard Entente positions during the Dardanelles Campaign until the Battle of Imbros in early 1918. There, Midilli came under air attack and sank. Yavuz Sultan Selim also hit three mines, and came under attack by British torpedo boats and light bombers , but was towed to safety. The ships were officially transferred to

275-690: The First World War was Theodor Heuss , a friend of Naumann and Jäckh, who designed the German Cultural Centre there and later became the first Federal President of Germany (in office from 1949 until 1959). Active Social Democrats in Constantinople included Alexander Parvus (1867–1924) (who lived in the city from 1910 to 1914), and Dr. Friedrich Schrader (1865–1922) (known as "İştiraki" {translation: Socialist }, who lived there from 1891 to 1918. In his book Flüchtlingsreise , Schrader describes

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300-665: The Master of the Sultan's Music, and his immediate family, who were however deported in May 1920 shortly after Lange was buried with great pomp in Istanbul in a state funeral, one of the last major events of the dying Ottoman Sultanate . A second generation of Germans arrived in İstanbul as refugees fleeing the Third Reich . The former Mayor of Berlin Ernst Reuter (1889–1953) and his son Edzard , later

325-641: The Mediterranean Division was reinforced with the arrival of the light cruisers Strassburg and Dresden . Following this trip, Goeben returned to Pola and remained there from 21 August to 16 October for maintenance. On 29 June 1913, the Second Balkan War broke out. As a result, the Mediterranean Division would need to remain in the area. The end of the war saw the withdrawal back to Germany of Strassburg and Dresden , while on 23 October 1913, Konteradmiral Wilhelm Souchon assumed command of

350-630: The Young Turks' relationship with the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) as well as with the German Liberals around Friedrich Naumann (1860–1919). From the circle around Naumann came Ernest Jäckh (1875–1959), a purveyor of Young Turk propaganda (and later professor at Columbia University .) Jäckh however did not live in Constantinople for long and so can't be considered a true "Bosporus German". Another visitor to Constantinople during

375-508: The capital city of the Ottoman Empire (on 21 October 1889, and on 5 October 1898, as the guest of Sultan Abdülhamid II ; and on 15 October 1917, as the guest of Sultan Mehmed V ). Most of the initial German settlers in Istanbul were craftsmen, industrialists and soldiers. Baron Colmar Freiherr von der Goltz , also known as Goltz Pasha , who was the chief advisor of the Ottoman Army from 1883 to 1896; and General Otto Liman von Sanders , who

400-524: The city and built a pagoda-like house for himself in the hills above Ortaköy in 1938. [1] Currently Istanbul is home to a "third generation" of German expatriates, including the football trainer Christoph Daum (1953- ). The Deutsche Schule Istanbul (1868) and St. George's Austrian High School (1882) are still well-attended German-language schools while the Istanbul Lisesi (1884) teaches in German as

425-434: The early hours of August 4. From there, they departed for Messina , where they would be coaled by German merchant ships. They arrived in the early hours of August 5, coaled for 36 straight hours, protected from the British due to Italy's neutrality. After their coaling, the ships decided to break out of Messina, although it had been surrounded by British warships, the battlecruisers Indomitable and Indefatigable and

450-594: The immediate aftermath of the assassination, Souchon correctly assessed that war was imminent between the Central Powers and the Triple Entente . As a result, he ordered his ships to make for Pola for repairs. Engineers came from Germany to work on the ship. Goeben had 4,460 boiler tubes replaced, among other repairs. Upon completion, the ships departed for the French ports Bone and Phillipville , which they shelled in

475-695: The light cruisers Dublin and Gloucester , under the overall command of Sir Archibald Berkeley Milne . Milne thought that the Germans, after coaling at Messina, would break out to the west and try to escape to the Atlantic. Therefore, he positioned both his battlecruisers and Dublin at the west end of the Strait of Messina . The French also moved their Mediterranean fleet to guard the Gibraltar Strait. On August 6 they broke out of Messina and steamed northwards, feigning

500-745: The preliminary end of the German community in Istanbul, when Article 19 of the 1918 ceasefire agreement between the Ottoman Empire and the Entente powers decreed that Germans and Austrians were to be expelled within one month. In December 1918 Germans were detained on the steamer Corcovado  [ de ] , formerly the floating HQ of the German Mittelmeerdivision . Some, like Schrader, tried to avoid detention and deportation by fleeing to Germany via Odessa and war-torn Ukraine. A few Germans were allowed to stay, including Paul Lange (1857–1919),

525-541: The president of Daimler-Chrysler , are two of the best known. Austrian architect Clemens Holzmeister (1886–1983) also lived in effective exile in Turkey. Many poorer Germans lived in Anatolia in poverty and despair. They were known as Haymatloz (in German : Heimatlos for homelandless) because of a stamp printed in their passports by the Turkish authorities. The architect Bruno Taut arrived in Istanbul in 1936, settled in

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550-463: The primary foreign language and is recognised as a Deutsche Auslandsschule (German international school) by Germany. However, the current generation of German residents of Istanbul are not 'Bosporus Germans' in the original sense of the world. Taksim German Hospital The Taksim German Hospital ( Turkish : Taksim Alman Hastanesi ) is a health care institution in Cihangir , Istanbul which

575-569: The squadron. Goeben and Breslau continued their activities in the Mediterranean, and visited some 80 ports before the outbreak of the First World War. The Navy intended on replacing Goeben with her sister Moltke in June 1914, but the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand in Sarajevo, Bosnia on 28 June 1914 and the subsequent rise in tensions between the Great Powers made this impossible. In

600-583: Was a successful commander of the Ottoman Army during World War I , may be the most famous of them in the military field. In 1890 the German architect August Jachmund designed Sirkeci Railway Station on the European side of Istanbul and the nearby Deutsche Orient Bank Headquarters, also in the Sirkeci quarter, during the last year of Otto von Bismarck 's chancellorship (1889–90). Haydarpaşa Railway Station , on

625-426: Was then able to continue on with Goeben . The battlecruisers had been approaching, but stopped after they received a false announcement that Austria-Hungary had declared war on England. The squadron avoided action with a cruiser squadron under Rear-Admiral Sir Ernest Troubridge , and on August 10, the ships reached Constantinople. After their arrival in Constantinople on 16 August 1914, the ships were transferred to

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