91-409: Boonoonoonoos is the fifth studio album by Boney M. . Originally announced for a release on September 1, 1981, it was eventually postponed. Offizielle Charts cites an official release date of September 28, 1981. In Billboard of September 26, 1981, it is mentioned that the album "generated strong advance orders, spurring Hansa to press up 100,000 copies." However, it seems more likely that it hit
182-591: A stroke while on a visit to Miami to attend a special event and has kept a low public profile since. She made her first public appearance since then at an award ceremony in Kingston on March 9, 2019, along with her fellow I Three members Marcia Griffiths and Judy Mowatt to accept the Iconic Award (For a Duo/Group), given by the Jamaica Reggae Industry Association. In 2019, Marley was honoured by
273-420: A "live" sound. Recordings, including live, may contain editing, sound effects, voice adjustments, etc. With modern recording technology , artists can be recorded in separate rooms or at separate times while listening to the other parts using headphones ; with each part recorded as a separate track . Album covers and liner notes are used, and sometimes additional information is provided, such as analysis of
364-486: A Beatin' in 1966–1968. As Bunny was jailed in 1968 for cannabis possession, Rita joined the Wailers, replacing Bunny for a few months. It is at that time that The Wailers met American singer Johnny Nash , who produced a series of Wailers rocksteady recordings. In April 1968 Nash's manager Danny Sims signed Tosh, Rita Marley and her husband, Bob Marley to exclusive publishing, management, and production contracts in exchange for
455-586: A TV special and perform live in concert with Rita Marley and shoot photos for the album cover. One of the final songs "Silly Confusion" was recorded in Bob Marley 's Tuff Gong studios in Kingston . A white-label pressing of the album emerged, presumably around April, featuring 11 tracks. None of the previous single releases were included. Apparently it was felt that the album did not have any strong lead single, as Frank Farian had Liz Mitchell and Marcia Barrett back in
546-458: A brown heavy paper sleeve with a large hole in the center so the record's label could be seen. The fragile records were stored on their sides. By the mid-1920s, photo album publishers sold collections of empty sleeves of heavier paper in bound volumes with stiff covers slightly larger than the 10" popular records. (Classical records measured 12".) On the paper cover in small type were the words "Record Album". Now records could be stored vertically with
637-412: A collection of pieces or songs on a single record was called an "album"; the word was extended to other recording media such as compact disc, MiniDisc , compact audio cassette, 8-track tape and digital albums as they were introduced. An album (Latin albus , white), in ancient Rome, was a board chalked or painted white, on which decrees, edicts, and other public notices were inscribed in black. It
728-403: A compilation of songs created by any average listener of music. The songs on a mixtape generally relate to one another in some way, whether it be a conceptual theme or an overall sound. After the introduction of Compact discs, the term "Mixtape" began to apply to any personal compilation of songs on any given format. The sales of Compact Cassettes eventually began to decline in the 1990s, after
819-424: A current or former member of a musical group which is released under that artist's name only, even though some or all other band members may be involved. The solo album appeared as early as the late 1940s. A 1947 Billboard magazine article heralded " Margaret Whiting huddling with Capitol execs over her first solo album on which she will be backed by Frank De Vol ". There is no formal definition setting forth
910-557: A customer buys a whole album rather than just one or two songs from the artist. The song is not necessarily free nor is it available as a stand-alone download, adding also to the incentive to buy the complete album. In contrast to hidden tracks , bonus tracks are included on track listings and usually do not have a gap of silence between other album tracks. Bonus tracks on CD or vinyl albums are common in Japan for releases by European and North American artists; since importing international copies of
1001-514: A few dollars and an opportunity to record in Kingston for the New York-based JAD label owned by Johnny Nash, musician Arthur Jenkins and Sims. Musicians on this 1968 Wailers session feature Tosh and the Marleys. Rita Marley sang vocals on a dozen fine rocksteady and soul tracks, most of which were not issued at the time. New recordings of Bend Down Low and Mellow Mood got issued as a single in
SECTION 10
#17328905546861092-461: A few hours to several years. This process usually requires several takes with different parts recorded separately, and then brought or " mixed " together. Recordings that are done in one take without overdubbing are termed "live", even when done in a studio. Studios are built to absorb sound, eliminating reverberation , to assist in mixing different takes; other locations, such as concert venues and some "live rooms", have reverberation, which creates
1183-423: A few songs as a member of The Wailers during this period, with Rita Marley providing harmonies. Upon Bob's return at the end of the summer of 1966, Bunny Wailer , Peter Tosh and Bob created their independent label Wail 'n' Soul'm, which released several records by Bob Marley and the Wailers, as well as Peter Tosh and the Wailers 45RPM single records including Bend Down Low , Hypocrites and Tosh's Dem Haffi Get
1274-529: A live concert. Prior to that their manager is seen running around the island to find the M. of the group's logo which has gone lost. The TV-special aired on December 12, 1981 when Bobby Farrell was no longer in the group. The special released was on the DVD Fantastic Boney M. on 2007, also with a live concert from 1977. *The Boonoonoonoos LP promo material states the footage was filmed in August 1981, but
1365-400: A new album began already in the first months of 1980, and the title "Boonoonoonoos" (a Caribbean word for "Happiness", derived from Latin "Bonus" = good) already appeared as one of the first completed tracks, a cover of Larry Dillon's ska-title "Train to Skaville", which was intertwined with new rap parts as "That's Boonoonoonoos". It was announced in fan club magazine Friends of Boney M. to be
1456-504: A new single in April 1980, but instead two new recordings, " I See a Boat on the River " and "My Friend Jack" were issued to promote The Magic of Boney M. – 20 Golden Hits . Farian invited the singers Liz Mitchell and Marcia Barrett and his crew of musicians to Nice in the summer of 1980, where several new songs were recorded. A new double A-side single " Children of Paradise "/" Gadda-Da-Vida "
1547-567: A pop duet with Bob, "Milk Shake and Potato Chips", were finally released in 2003 on the Rebel JAD/55 long box set. Following the birth of their second child, Ziggy Marley in 1968, Bob returned to Delaware in 1969 to work on the night shift in a Chrysler factory. Bunny had returned to the Wailers at the end of 1968 and Rita did not record with Bob until 1974, when her husband formed the I Three harmony vocal group featuring Marcia Griffiths and Judy Mowatt to replace Peter and Bunny, who had left
1638-492: A satisfactory photo of Boney M. standing in the sea as the sun was setting too fast, and instead both front and back cover of the album were shot in a studio in Germany, the front cover with Boney M. posing as black silhouettes with raised hands against a setting sun on a red sky. The innersleeve featured a cartoon drawing of Jamaica on one side with the head line "Sun, Sea And Jamaica – That's Boonoonoonoos" with various small photos of
1729-488: A single artist, genre or period, a single artist covering the songs of various artists or a single artist, genre or period, or any variation of an album of cover songs which is marketed as a "tribute". Rita Marley Alfarita Constantia " Rita " Marley OJ OD ( née Anderson ; born 25 July 1946) is a Cuban born Jamaican singer-songwriter and entrepreneur. She is the widow of reggae legend Bob Marley . Along with Marcia Griffiths and Judy Mowatt , Rita
1820-522: A single case, or a triple album containing three LPs or compact discs. Recording artists who have an extensive back catalogue may re-release several CDs in one single box with a unified design, often containing one or more albums (in this scenario, these releases can sometimes be referred to as a "two (or three)-fer"), or a compilation of previously unreleased recordings. These are known as box sets . Some musical artists have also released more than three compact discs or LP records of new recordings at once, in
1911-433: A solo album for several reasons. A solo performer working with other members will typically have full creative control of the band, be able to hire and fire accompanists, and get the majority of the proceeds. The performer may be able to produce songs that differ widely from the sound of the band with which the performer has been associated, or that the group as a whole chose not to include in its own albums. Graham Nash of
SECTION 20
#17328905546862002-414: A studio. However, the common understanding of a "live album" is one that was recorded at a concert with a public audience, even when the recording is overdubbed or multi-tracked. Concert or stage performances are recorded using remote recording techniques. Albums may be recorded at a single concert , or combine recordings made at multiple concerts. They may include applause, laughter and other noise from
2093-406: A theme such as the "greatest hits" from one artist, B-sides and rarities by one artist, or selections from a record label , a musical genre , a certain time period, or a regional music scene. Promotional sampler albums are compilations. A tribute or cover album is a compilation of cover versions of songs or instrumental compositions. Its concept may involve various artists covering the songs of
2184-509: A trend of shifting sales in the music industry , some observers feel that the early 21st century experienced the death of the album . An album may contain any number of tracks. In the United States, The Recording Academy 's rules for Grammy Awards state that an album must comprise a minimum total playing time of 15 minutes with at least five distinct tracks or a minimum total playing time of 30 minutes with no minimum track requirement. In
2275-430: A way of promoting the album. Albums have been issued that are compilations of older tracks not originally released together, such as singles not originally found on albums, b-sides of singles, or unfinished " demo " recordings. Double albums during the seventies were sometimes sequenced for record changers . In the case of a two-record set, for example, sides 1 and 4 would be stamped on one record, and sides 2 and 3 on
2366-469: Is a collection of audio recordings (e.g., music ) issued on a medium such as compact disc (CD), vinyl (record), audio tape (like 8-track or cassette ), or digital . Albums of recorded sound were developed in the early 20th century as individual 78 rpm records (78s) collected in a bound book resembling a photo album ; this format evolved after 1948 into single vinyl long-playing (LP) records played at 33 + 1 ⁄ 3 rpm . The album
2457-580: Is any vocal content. A track that has the same name as the album is called the title track. A bonus track (also known as a bonus cut or bonus) is a piece of music which has been included as an extra. This may be done as a marketing promotion, or for other reasons. It is not uncommon to include singles, B-sides , live recordings , and demo recordings as bonus tracks on re-issues of old albums, where those tracks were not originally included. Online music stores allow buyers to create their own albums by selecting songs themselves; bonus tracks may be included if
2548-552: Is not necessarily just in MP3 file format, in which higher quality formats such as FLAC and WAV can be used on storage media that MP3 albums reside on, such as CD-R-ROMs , hard drives , flash memory (e.g. thumbdrives , MP3 players , SD cards ), etc. The contents of the album are usually recorded in a studio or live in concert, though may be recorded in other locations, such as at home (as with JJ Cale's Okie , Beck's Odelay , David Gray's White Ladder , and others), in
2639-402: Is recorded on both the "A" and "B" side of the tape, with cassette being "turned" to play the other side of the album. Compact Cassettes were also a popular way for musicians to record " Demos " or "Demo Tapes" of their music to distribute to various record labels, in the hopes of acquiring a recording contract . Compact cassettes also saw the creation of mixtapes , which are tapes containing
2730-737: The Bob Marley Museum . She is the founder and chairwoman of the Robert Marley Foundation, Bob Marley Trust, and the Bob Marley Group of Companies. In 2000, Rita created the Rita Marley Foundation, a non-governmental, not-for-profit, non-partisan organization that works to alleviate poverty and hunger in developing countries. It targets elderly and youth. It has given out a number of scholarships to music students in Ghana. It hosts
2821-517: The iPod , US album sales dropped 54.6% from 2001 to 2009. The CD is a digital data storage device which permits digital recording technology to be used to record and play-back the recorded music. Most recently, the MP3 audio format has matured, revolutionizing the concept of digital storage. Early MP3 albums were essentially CD-rips created by early CD- ripping software, and sometimes real-time rips from cassettes and vinyl. The so-called "MP3 album"
Boonoonoonoos - Misplaced Pages Continue
2912-514: The 1970s. Appraising the concept in Christgau's Record Guide: Rock Albums of the Seventies (1981), Robert Christgau said most "are profit-taking recaps marred by sound and format inappropriate to phonographic reproduction (you can't put sights, smells, or fellowship on audio tape). But for Joe Cocker and Bette Midler and Bob-Dylan -in-the-arena, the form makes a compelling kind of sense." Among
3003-443: The 25-minute mark. The album Dopesmoker by Sleep contains only a single track, but the composition is over 63 minutes long. There are no formal rules against artists such as Pinhead Gunpowder referring to their own releases under thirty minutes as "albums". If an album becomes too long to fit onto a single vinyl record or CD, it may be released as a double album where two vinyl LPs or compact discs are packaged together in
3094-491: The Hollies described his experience in developing a solo album as follows: "The thing that I go through that results in a solo album is an interesting process of collecting songs that can't be done, for whatever reason, by a lot of people". A solo album may also represent the departure of the performer from the group. A compilation album is a collection of material from various recording projects or various artists, assembled with
3185-776: The Jamaican Government with its fourth-highest national honour, Order of Jamaica (OJ). In October 2022, Rita was awarded the Jamaican Consulate General's Lifetime Achievement Award and was also honored by the South Miami Dade Cultural Arts Center during Jamaica's National Dance Theatre Company (NDTC) On 22 March 2024, she was honoured by the International Reggae And World Music Awards (IRAWMA) for her extensive philanthropic work throughout her life. She established
3276-700: The Netherlands, where Massara's version had been a hit, the B-side "Strange" was chosen as the A-side instead but failed to become a hit. At the same time, singer Marcia Barrett issued the solo single "You" / "I'm Lonely", produced by John Edmed, and written by Kelvin James. Released in Germany in December 1980, and belatedly released in the UK in April 1981, the single failed to chart in either of
3367-806: The Rita Marley Foundation, which focuses on alleviating poverty and hunger and providing education in Ghana and Jamaica. On 1 July 2024 on International Reggae Day, Rita received the Winnie Mandela Humanitarian Award at the JulyOne celebrations hosted by the City of Miramar in Florida and Consul General Oliver Mair. For her invaluable service to humanity through her music and philanthropic works in communities from Jamaica to Africa. Rita has six children, three with Bob and three from other relationships. Bob adopted Rita's two other children as his own and they have
3458-647: The U.S. under the name "Bob, Rita and Peter". The original 1968 sessions including all of the original musicians — and without the horns — eventually surfaced on the Freedom Time album issued in 2003 by JAD's partner in France (55 Records) after producer Bruno Blum finally mixed them in Paris from the original four-track tapes. One song, "Play Play Play", features Rita Marley on lead vocals with harmonies sung by Peter and Bob Marley. Another Rita Marley-sung tune, "Lonely Girl", and
3549-573: The United Kingdom, the criteria for the UK Albums Chart is that a recording counts as an "album" if it either has more than four tracks or lasts more than 25 minutes. Sometimes shorter albums are referred to as mini-albums or EPs . Albums such as Tubular Bells , Amarok , and Hergest Ridge by Mike Oldfield , and Yes's Close to the Edge , include fewer than four tracks, but still surpass
3640-646: The Wailers), as well as a duet by Marley and Bunny Wailer ("Bless You"), which was issued years later on the Lovers and Friends album. After recording for Studio One and being coached by Bob Marley , Rita married Bob around February 1966, just before he moved to Wilmington, Delaware , for a few months to make a living working at the Dupont Hotel there. Bob was replaced by her cousin Constantine "Vision" Walker , who recorded
3731-413: The album can be cheaper than buying a domestically released version, Japanese releases often feature bonus tracks to incentivize domestic purchase. Commercial sheet music is published in conjunction with the release of a new album (studio, compilation, soundtrack, etc.). A matching folio songbook is a compilation of the music notation of all the songs included in that particular album. It typically has
Boonoonoonoos - Misplaced Pages Continue
3822-516: The album's artwork on its cover and, in addition to sheet music, it includes photos of the artist. Most pop and rock releases come in standard Piano/Vocal/Guitar notation format (and occasionally Easy Piano / E-Z Play Today). Rock-oriented releases may also come in Guitar Recorded Versions edition, which are note-for-note transcriptions written directly from artist recordings. Vinyl LP records have two sides, each comprising one-half of
3913-488: The album's release. The album reportedly cost 800,000 DM/$ 400,000 to record, and more than 100 titles were eventually demoed. The production costs further increased by employing the London Philharmonic Orchestra for the recording of Mike Batt 's symphonic rock piece "Ride to Agadir". Despite producer Frank Farian having announced by the end of 1979 that Boney M. were to take a break, recording sessions for
4004-458: The album. If a pop or rock album contained tracks released separately as commercial singles , they were conventionally placed in particular positions on the album. During the sixties, particularly in the UK, singles were generally released separately from albums. Today, many commercial albums of music tracks feature one or more singles, which are released separately to radio, TV or the Internet as
4095-474: The amount of participation a band member can solicit from other members of their band, and still have the album referred to as a solo album. One reviewer wrote that Ringo Starr 's third venture, Ringo , "[t]echnically... wasn't a solo album because all four Beatles appeared on it". Three of the four members of the Beatles released solo albums while the group was officially still together. A performer may record
4186-699: The annual Africa Unite concerts which strives to spread global awareness about issues that affect Africa and to develop lasting solutions. She adopted 35 children in Ethiopia and has assisted over 200 children in Konkonuru Methodist School in Ghana . In 1996, Rita Marley was conferred the Order of Distinction by the Jamaican government for her contributions to the development of Jamaican music and culture. In 2010, Rita
4277-510: The audience, comments by the performers between pieces, improvisation, and so on. They may use multitrack recording direct from the stage sound system (rather than microphones placed among the audience), and can employ additional manipulation and effects during post-production to enhance the quality of the recording. Notable early live albums include the double album of Benny Goodman , The Famous 1938 Carnegie Hall Jazz Concert , released in 1950. Live double albums later became popular during
4368-515: The back cover, the band instead issued another single in December, a cover version of " Felicidad (Margherita) ". "Felicidad", originally recorded by Italian band Massara as "Margherita (Love in the Sun)" in 1979, managed to get Boney M. into the German Top 10 again where it stayed for 27 weeks, becoming one of their longest-running chart entries, although it was once again not released in the UK and Spain. In
4459-462: The band in 1973. Together with the I Three, Bob Marley & the Wailers recorded the album Natty Dread in 1974, rising to international stardom with the track "No Woman No Cry". It was followed by the 1976 album Rastaman Vibration featuring the track "Roots, Rock, Reggae". On 3 December 1976 two days before the Smile Jamaica Concert , a large free concert organized by Bob Marley with
4550-406: The best selling live albums are Eric Clapton 's Unplugged (1992), selling over 26 million copies, Garth Brooks ' Double Live (1998), over 21 million copies, and Peter Frampton 's Frampton Comes Alive! (1976), over 11 million copies. In Rolling Stone ' s 500 Greatest Albums of All Time , 18 albums were live albums. A solo album , in popular music , is an album recorded by
4641-446: The cassette tape throughout the 1970s and early 1980s; the popularity of the cassette reached its peak during the late 1980s before sharply declining during the 1990s. The cassette had largely disappeared by the first decade of the 2000s. Most albums are recorded in a studio , although they may also be recorded in a concert venue , at home, in the field, or a mix of places. The time frame for completely recording an album varies between
SECTION 50
#17328905546864732-502: The countries. Another song from the same sessions, "Breakaway", ended up on Boonoonoonoos as a Boney M. track with Frank Farian on lead vocals. Atlantic UK finally decided to release "Children of Paradise" in the UK on January 30, 1981 – nearly 4 months after its continental release – but the single only stayed in the UK charts for two weeks, peaking at No. 66, their lowest chart entry yet. Also in February, Boney M. flew to Jamaica to record
4823-612: The field – as with early blues recordings, in prison, or with a mobile recording unit such as the Rolling Stones Mobile Studio . Most albums are studio albums —that is, they are recorded in a recording studio with equipment meant to give those overseeing the recording as much control as possible over the sound of the album. They minimize external noises and reverberations and have highly sensitive microphones and sound mixing equipment. Band members may record their parts in separate rooms or at separate times, listening to
4914-497: The first group photo from Jamaica was posted as a poster in German music magazine Bravo on February 19, 1981, and the group's return from Jamaica confirmed in a TV-performance of "Felicidad" on February 24, 1981 Also Marcia Barrett's UK single "You", released April 1981, featured a photo of the singer from Jamaica. Although hundreds of photos had been taken during the group's trip to Jamaica, photographer Didi Zill did not manage to capture
5005-494: The form of a prototype. Compact Cassettes became especially popular during the 1980s after the advent of the Sony Walkman , which allowed the person to control what they listened to. The Walkman was convenient because of its size, the device could fit in most pockets and often came equipped with a clip for belts or pants. The compact cassette used double-sided magnetic tape to distribute music for commercial sale. The music
5096-480: The form of boxed sets, although in that case the work is still usually considered to be an album. Material (music or sounds) is stored on an album in sections termed tracks. A music track (often simply referred to as a track) is an individual song or instrumental recording. The term is particularly associated with popular music where separate tracks are known as album tracks; the term is also used for other formats such as EPs and singles . When vinyl records were
5187-1046: The group. The other side with the song credits was originally supposed to have been a shot of the group posing in the Ocho Rios waterfalls, but due to Liz Mitchell's clothes being soaked, it was replaced with a photo of the group in a boat. The LP promo material promised the publishing of a photo book. This never materialised. The LP was released with a 6-fold poster of the album cover. The 1994 CD release and featured slightly alternate shots of both front and backcover. Note: Tracklist based on cassette / CD releases. Lengths vary between LP releases, and there are numerous German Hansa releases with different mixes. Some LP's have "Consuela Biaz" as track B3 before "Malaika". Side A: Side B: 2LP Track List: Disc 1: Side 1: A1-A3, Side 2: A4-A6 Disc 2: Side 3: B1-B3, Side 4: B4-B7 2007 CD reissue bonus tracks: Sales figures based on certification alone. Shipments figures based on certification alone. Studio album An album
5278-443: The island's first pressing plant, and the company subsequently moved from 56 Hope Road to 220 Marcus Garvey Drive, where it continues to operate. Tuff Gong studio is one of the largest Caribbean studios and features the second-largest live recording space on the island with artists, musicians, producers and tourists traveling from around the world to visit the facility. In 1986, Rita Marley decided to convert Bob Marley's home into
5369-582: The later '30s, record companies began releasing albums of previously released recordings of popular music in albums organized by performer, singers or bands, or by type of music, boogie-woogie , for example. When Columbia introduced the Long Playing record format in 1948, it was natural the term album would continue. Columbia expected that the record size distinction in 78s would continue, with classical music on 12" records and popular music on 10" records, and singles on 78s. Columbia's first popular 10" LP in fact
5460-488: The longer 12-inch 78s, playing around 4–5 minutes per side. For example, in 1924, George Gershwin recorded a drastically shortened version of his new seventeen-minute composition Rhapsody in Blue with Paul Whiteman and His Orchestra. The recording was issued on both sides of a single record, Victor 55225 and ran for 8m 59s. By 1910, though some European record companies had issued albums of complete operas and other works,
5551-483: The mid-1930s, record companies had adopted the album format for classical music selections that were longer than the roughly eight minutes that fit on both sides of a classical 12" 78 rpm record. Initially the covers were plain, with the name of the selection and performer in small type. In 1938, Columbia Records hired the first graphic designer in the business to design covers, others soon followed and colorful album covers cover became an important selling feature. By
SECTION 60
#17328905546865642-479: The mid-1960s to the late 1970s when the Compact Cassette format took over. The format is regarded as an obsolete technology, and was relatively unknown outside the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada and Australia. Stereo 8 was created in 1964 by a consortium led by Bill Lear of Lear Jet Corporation , along with Ampex , Ford Motor Company , General Motors , Motorola , and RCA Victor Records . It
5733-677: The original mixes. "We Kill the World (Don't Kill the World)" was the second single, premiered on Showbizzquiz October 14, 1981. It was the first single in 4 years to have Marcia Barrett on lead vocals on the rocky up-beat part. The two-part single had a children's choir on the second ballad part. The single peaked at No. 12 in Germany and briefly returned the group to the UK Top 40. It found greater success in Spain and South Africa where it reached No. 1. The other side of
5824-443: The other parts of the track with headphones to keep the timing right. In the 2000s, with the advent of digital recording , it became possible for musicians to record their part of a song in another studio in another part of the world, and send their contribution over digital channels to be included in the final product. Recordings that are done in one take without overdubbing or multi-tracking are termed "live", even when done in
5915-414: The other. The user would stack the two records onto the spindle of an automatic record changer, with side 1 on the bottom and side 2 (on the other record) on top. Side 1 would automatically drop onto the turntable and be played. When finished, the tone arm's position would trigger a mechanism which moved the arm out of the way, dropped the record with side 2, and played it. When both records had been played,
6006-464: The practice of issuing albums was not widely taken up by American record companies until the 1920s. By about 1910, bound collections of empty sleeves with a paperboard or leather cover, similar to a photograph album, were sold as record albums that customers could use to store their records (the term "record album" was printed on some covers). These albums came in both 10-inch and 12-inch sizes. The covers of these bound books were wider and taller than
6097-406: The primary medium for audio recordings a track could be identified visually from the grooves and many album covers or sleeves included numbers for the tracks on each side. On a compact disc the track number is indexed so that a player can jump straight to the start of any track. On digital music stores such as iTunes the term song is often used interchangeably with track regardless of whether there
6188-404: The record industry as a standard format for the "album". Apart from relatively minor refinements and the important later addition of stereophonic sound capability, it has remained the standard format for vinyl albums. The term "album" was extended to other recording media such as 8-track tape , cassette tape , compact disc , MiniDisc , and digital albums, as they were introduced. As part of
6279-617: The record not touching the shelf, and the term was applied to the collection. In the early nineteenth century, "album" was occasionally used in the titles of some classical music sets, such as Robert Schumann 's Album for the Young Opus 68, a set of 43 short pieces. With the advent of 78 rpm records in the early 1900s, the typical 10-inch disc could only hold about three minutes of sound per side, so almost all popular recordings were limited to around three minutes in length. Classical-music and spoken-word items generally were released on
6370-430: The record stores towards the end of October as Boonoonoonoos first entered the German charts at No. 59 in mid-November and reached its peak at No. 15 already in the following week (November 23, 1981). In January 1982, it was reported it still had not sold gold after nearly three months on the market. An Ariola spokesman blamed the lack of a major hit single as a cause. It stayed in the German charts until March 8, 1982. It
6461-451: The recording, and lyrics or librettos . Historically, the term "album" was applied to a collection of various items housed in a book format. In musical usage, the word was used for collections of short pieces of printed music from the early nineteenth century. Later, collections of related 78s were bundled in book-like albums (one side of a 78 rpm record could hold only about 3.5 minutes of sound). When LP records were introduced,
6552-497: The records inside, allowing the record album to be placed on a shelf upright, like a book, suspending the fragile records above the shelf and protecting them. In the 1930s, record companies began issuing collections of 78s by one performer or of one type of music in specially assembled albums, typically with artwork on the front cover and liner notes on the back or inside cover. Most albums included three or four records, with two sides each, making six or eight compositions per album. By
6643-452: The release and distribution Compact Discs . The 2010s saw a revival of Compact Cassettes by independent record labels and DIY musicians who preferred the format because of its difficulty to share over the internet . The compact disc format replaced both the vinyl record and the cassette as the standard for the commercial mass-market distribution of physical music albums. After the introduction of music downloading and MP3 players such as
6734-461: The single featured a 5-and-a-half-minute edit of the album medley "Boonoonoonoos" which the group had already premiered nearly two months earlier in German Show-Express (September 10, 1981). "Jimmy" was mentioned in UK fan magazine Friends of Boney M. as a new single in April 1982 after Bobby Farrell's exit from the group. A new and more up-beat version was recorded, but the single release
6825-401: The song " Boonoonoonoos ", as a rapper). He also did the spoken intro on " We Kill the World ". Boney M. member Maizie Williams had also done a small part on "Train to Skaville" (featured in the group's TV special), and so the track would have been the first recording to actually feature all four group members, but her part was eventually re-recorded by Liz Mitchell for the released version of
6916-477: The song. Boney M.'s visit to Jamaica in February 1981* resulted in the TV-Special Ein Sound geht um die Welt (A Sound Goes Around the World) where they are seen performing to early mixes of songs recorded so far: Train to Skaville, Boonoonoonoos, Homeland Africa, African Moon, I Shall Sing, Ride to Agadir, We Kill the World. Furthermore the group is seen performing "Rivers of Babylon" with Rita Marley at
7007-547: The studio in May to record a cover version of Fadhili Williams ' " Malaika ", released in June as a double A-side with the ballad Consuela Biaz . Edited versions were now added to side 2 of the LP, now announced to be called Boonoonoonoos and given a release date of September 1, 1981. although it would be another two months before the album was eventually released. By December, a Limited Edition 2LP
7098-541: The support of Jamaican Prime Minister Michael Manley , Rita, Bob, and manager Don Taylor were wounded in an assault on the Marley home by gunmen affiliated with Manley's enemies. Rita survived a shot to the head and Taylor sustained serious injuries from being shot in the leg. Bob had a bullet skid his chest and wound his arm, but nevertheless played this major show in Kingston with Rita by his side. In 1981, Rita Marley purchased Ken Khouri 's Federal Records recording studio,
7189-416: The user would pick up the stack, turn it over, and put them back on the spindle—sides 3 and 4 would then play in sequence. Record changers were used for many years of the LP era, but eventually fell out of use. 8-track tape (formally Stereo 8: commonly known as the eight-track cartridge, eight-track tape, or simply eight-track) is a magnetic tape sound recording technology popular in the United States from
7280-592: Was Frank Sinatra's first album, the four-record eight-song The Voice of Frank Sinatra , originally issued in 1946. RCA's introduction of the smaller 45 rpm format later in 1948 disrupted Columbia's expectations. By the mid-1950s, 45s dominated the singles market and 12" LPs dominated the album market and both 78s and 10" LPs were discontinued. In the 1950s albums of popular music were also issued on 45s, sold in small heavy paper-covered "gate-fold" albums with multiple discs in sleeves or in sleeves in small boxes. This format disappeared around 1960. Sinatra's "The Voice"
7371-443: Was a further development of the similar Stereo-Pak four-track cartridge created by Earl "Madman" Muntz . A later quadraphonic version of the format was announced by RCA in April 1970 and first known as Quad-8, then later changed to just Q8. The Compact Cassette was a popular medium for distributing pre-recorded music from the early 1970s to the early 2000s. The first "Compact Cassette" was introduced by Philips in August 1963 in
7462-471: Was a member of the reggae vocal group the I Threes , the backing vocalists for Bob Marley and the Wailers . Rita Marley was born in Santiago de Cuba , to Leroy Anderson and Cynthia "Beda" Jarrett. Her parents moved to Kingston, Jamaica , when she was three months old. In her memoir, No Woman No Cry: My Life with Bob Marley , Rita describes how she was raised by her Aunt Viola after her parents separated. She
7553-430: Was cancelled. Instead Farian offered it to Hansa label-mate Precious Wilson who declined it. Boney M.'s version would eventually be included on their Ten Thousand Lightyears album in May 1984. Boonoonoonoos marked Bobby Farrell 's debut on record. Having previously only mimed to Frank Farian's vocals on TV (but having sung live in the group's concerts), Farrell was featured on the track "Train to Skaville" (part of
7644-617: Was conferred with the prestigious Marcus Garvey Lifetime Achievement Award. On 3 August 2013, she was made an honorary citizen of Ghana by the Ghanaian government after living there for many years. In November 2015 Marley was awarded an honorary Doctor of Letters degree by the University of the West Indies . In 2017 she received her second honorary Doctorate degree by University of Fort Hare , South Africa . In September 2016, Marley suffered
7735-414: Was from this that in medieval and modern times, album came to denote a book of blank pages in which verses, autographs, sketches, photographs and the like are collected. This in turn led to the modern meaning of an album as a collection of audio recordings issued as a single item. The first audio albums were actually published by the publishers of photograph albums. Single 78 rpm records were sold in
7826-399: Was issued in 1952 on two extended play 45s, with two songs on each side, in both packagings. The 10-inch and 12-inch LP record (long play), or 33 + 1 ⁄ 3 rpm microgroove vinyl record, is a gramophone record format introduced by Columbia Records in 1948. A single LP record often had the same or similar number of tunes as a typical album of 78s, and it was adopted by
7917-605: Was raised in Trenchtown in Kingston, Jamaica . Rita was a founding member of the Soulettes with her cousin Constantine Walker, and Marlene Gifford. The Soulettes released recordings including rocksteady tunes such as "Time for Everything", " Turn! Turn! Turn! " (released in 1966, written by folk singer Pete Seeger ) and "A Deh Pon Dem". "Friends and Lovers", "One More Chance" and "That Ain't Right" (featuring harmony vocals by
8008-621: Was released in Germany, France & the UK with slightly longer versions of some tracks. The first single to be lifted off the finished Boonoonoonoos album in Germany was double A-side "Malaika"/"Consuela Biaz" in June 1981 which became their second single not to reach the German Top 10, peaking at No. 13. Furthermore it was another single that Atlantic deemed unsuitable for the UK market and didn't release. Boney M. premiered "Consuela Biaz" on WWF on June 12, 1981, followed by "Malaika" on ZDF Disco on June 22. By then, Frank Farian had already remixed both tracks, and new mixes were circulating along with
8099-634: Was released in September, announcing the as yet untitled new album to be released in November '80. Despite heavy promotion all over Europe, the single peaked at No. 11 in Germany, their first not to enter the Top 10 and the first to be vetoed by Atlantic Records in the UK and Ariola Records in Spain. Worried by the declining success, Farian decided not to go ahead with a new album in November. While new pressings of "Children of Paradise" now promoted "The Magic of Boney M." on
8190-411: Was the dominant form of recorded music expression and consumption from the mid-1960s to the early 21st century, a period known as the album era . Vinyl LPs are still issued, though album sales in the 21st-century have mostly focused on CD and MP3 formats. The 8-track tape was the first tape format widely used alongside vinyl from 1965 until being phased out by 1983, being gradually supplanted by
8281-420: Was the group's first new studio album in two years and marked the beginning of the group's commercial decline. In the UK where the group had come off 3 consecutive No. 1 albums 1978–80, Boonoonoonoos failed to chart at all. It also marked the last album to feature original member, the group's charismatic dancer Bobby Farrell , who was fired by the group's producer Frank Farian in November 1981, just weeks after
#685314