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64-449: Ganderkesee is located on the northern edge of a nature park called "Wildeshauser Geest". The northernmost part of the community is in the glacial valley of the Weser . The sandy, higher and hilly terrain of Geest joins south. The municipality Ganderkesee bordered to the east by the city of Delmenhorst , in the north of the communities Lemwerder and Berne in the district Wesermarsch and to

128-689: A 1042-founded Benedictine monastery removed in 1434 from the Weser shore to a new upper site, where the monastery of St Mauritius was founded. The Dominicane convent St Paul was established in 1236. German medieval sovereigns governed their realms with an itinerant court , travelling from town to town. Louis the German hold an imperial assembly in Minden in 852. The Emperors of the Ottonian and Salian dynasty visited Minden several times. When Henry IV came to visit in 1062,

192-464: A Prussian fortress until 1873, when Germany's Imperial Diet ( Reichstag ) passed the law to remove the fortress status of several fortified places, among them Minden. The fortress walls were razed by 1880 – the town had to pay for it – and a new Weser bridge was constructed, permitting the town to catch up economically. However, it was never able to regain its former political and economic importance. The upper class used

256-927: A biological site ( Biologische Station Nordholz ) for education in ecology. The percentage of woodland is smaller than in other towns of the same type. Old Saxony bef.798–804 [REDACTED] Duchy of Saxony 804–1180 [REDACTED] Prince-Bishopric of Minden 1180–1648 [REDACTED] Margraviate of Brandenburg 1648–1701 [REDACTED]   Kingdom of Prussia 1701–1807 [REDACTED] Kingdom of Westphalia 1807–1810 [REDACTED] First French Empire 1810–1813 [REDACTED]   Kingdom of Prussia 1813–1871 [REDACTED]   German Empire 1871–1918 [REDACTED]   Weimar Republic 1918–1933 [REDACTED]   Nazi Germany 1933–1945 [REDACTED]   Allied-occupied Germany 1945–1949 [REDACTED]   West Germany 1949–1990 [REDACTED]   Germany 1990–present The Minden area shows continuing settlement activity from

320-628: A dispute between members of his entourage and citizens caused a fire that destroyed the cathedral and parts of the town. The imperial visit of Charles IV in October 1377 was the last one until the end of the Holy Roman Empire in 1806. In 1168, Henry the Lion , Duke of Saxony, married his second wife Matilda , daughter of Henry II of England , in Minden Cathedral ; with this marriage Henry maintained

384-565: A fortress in 1764. The town functioned as the capital of the Prussian territory of Minden-Ravensberg from 1719 to 1807 and as the seat of the upper administrative authority named Kriegs- und Domänenkammer (Chamber of War Affairs and State Property), that ruled Minden-Ravensberg together with the Prussian territories of the County of Lingen and the County of Tecklenburg . The most prominent president of

448-521: A road network in the outer areas of the town. Since the 1890s, a sequence of six ring roads in the west and north of the town has formed the backbone of the road network. Grandiose festivities took place when Emperor William II and Empress Auguste Victoria visited Minden and the southern village of Barkhausen for inauguration of the Emperor William Monument on the Wittekindsberg above

512-507: Is 40 kilometres (25 miles) northeast of Bielefeld , 60 km (37 miles) west of Hanover , 80 km (50 mi) south of Bremen and 60 km (37 mi) east of Osnabrück . The neighbouring towns and communities of Minden are (clockwise from north): Petershagen , Bückeburg ( Schaumburg District in Lower Saxony), Porta Westfalica , Bad Oeynhausen , and Hille . Minden is administratively divided into 19 quarters: The area of

576-653: Is a river of Lower Saxony in north-west Germany . It begins at Hannoversch Münden through the confluence of the Werra and Fulda . It passes through the Hanseatic city of Bremen . Its mouth is 50 km (31 mi) further north against the ports of Bremerhaven and Nordenham . The latter is on the Butjadingen Peninsula . It then merges into the North Sea via two highly saline , estuarine mouths. It connects to

640-728: Is linked east at Bremerhaven to the Elbe . A large reservoir, the Edersee , on the Eder , the main tributary of the Fulda, is used to allow enough water depth for shipping year-round. The dam, built in 1914, was bombed and severely damaged by British aircraft in May 1943, causing great destruction and about 70 deaths downstream. It was rebuilt within four months. The reservoir is a major summer resort area. Turbines driven by its sluices provide electricity . The Weser enters

704-604: The Feldartillerie-Regiment Nr. 58 encamped a new barracks area in the nordwest of the town centre. The Hanoveran Pionier-Battalion No. 10 was part of the X Corps , that was incorporated into the Prussian Army after the Austro-Prussian War of 1866, and had its barracks near to Minden station. The main military training area was a large location in today's quarter of Minderheide at the very northwest edge of

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768-637: The Bundesstraße 65  [ de ] from Minden to Lübbecke and the regional road from Minden to Espelkamp . The villages, so connected, have developed into settlements of considerable size. The Bastau depression is wood and housing estate-free, having agricultural use. Only one north-south road passes through it, southwest of the town. The gleysols of this area as well as in the Weser valley depression are in agricultural use after drainage. Four nature conservation areas extend completely or partly over Minden territory. The most northern of them provides

832-553: The Cologne-Minden Railway Company was opened in 1847 with a solidly fortified station and connected with the Hanover–Minden railway . After defortification, the railway got an important momentum for economic growth in Minden. The spatial narrowness in the fortress restricted the development of industrial firms of different branches to a certain degree, but did not prevent it. The dominant industry, as well as in

896-710: The German state south of the main projection (tongue) of Lower Saxony. "Weser" and "Werra" are the same words in different dialects. The difference reflects the old linguistic border between Central and Low German , passing through Hannoversch Münden. The name likely derives from the Old Germanic *waisōn "flow, ooze". It is cognate with the Wear in England and Vistula (Polish Wisła, German Weichsel) in Poland, all of which are derived from

960-741: The Porta Westfalica between two high hill ranges, the Wiehengebirge , west and the Weserbergland in the east. Between Minden and the North Sea, humans have largely canalised the river up to a limit of 1,200-ton ships. Eight hydroelectric dams stand at the ends of adjacent weirstreams that make up the river. The navigation is linked west to the Dortmund–Ems Canal via the Coastal Canal . It

1024-451: The Porta Westfalica gap on 18 October 1896. Since then the monument has been a visible element of the southern view from Minden. The first line of the Minden tramway has connected the primary site of the memorial with Minden since 1893 when the memorial was still under construction. The Minden District Railways ( Mindener Kreisbahnen ), founded in 1898, built up a narrow-gauge railway net with three lines until World War I. Minden got

1088-509: The Proto-Indo-European root * weys- "to flow", which also gives rise to Old English/Old Frisian wāse "mud, ooze", Old Norse veisa "slime, stagnant pool", Dutch waas "haze; soggy land" (see Waasland ), Old Saxon waso "wet ground, mire", Old High German wasal "rain" and French vase "mud, sludge". The Weser starts at the confluence of the Fulda and the Werra. It then runs down to

1152-685: The River Weser , and is crossed by the Mittelland Canal , which is led over the river on the Minden Aqueduct . In its 1,200-year written history, Minden had functions as diocesan town from 800  CE to the Peace of Westphalia in 1648  CE , as capital of the Prince-Bishopric of Minden as imperial territory since the 12th century, afterwards as capital of Prussia 's Minden-Ravensberg until

1216-682: The Roter Sand Lighthouse in 1964. The largest tributary of the Weser is the Aller , which joins south of Bremen. Tributaries of the Weser and the Werra (from source to mouth) are: Modes of the list: List: Main towns along the Weser are (from the head of the river to its mouth): Hann. Münden , Beverungen , Höxter , Holzminden , Bodenwerder , Hamelin , Hessisch Oldendorf , Rinteln , Vlotho , Bad Oeynhausen , Porta Westfalica , Minden , Petershagen , Nienburg , Achim , Bremen , Brake , Nordenham , Bremerhaven . The river features in

1280-698: The Weser Hills and Wiehen Hills , where the Weser leaves the Weser Uplands and flows into the North German Plain . The small Bastau stream flows into the Weser from the west near the town centre. The edge of the plateau marks the transition from the Middle Weser Valley to the Lübbecke Loessland , divides the upper town from the lower town, and marks the boundary between two ecological zones. In

1344-411: The multimodal transport hub between its harbour, federal roads, and a nearby highway ( Autobahn ) junction. Minden is a town in the northeastern part of the German federal state of North Rhine-Westphalia . The town is crossed by the Weser flowing north. The town centre lies on a plateau on the western side of the river 5 kilometres (3 miles) north of the Porta Westfalica gap between the ridges of

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1408-573: The 1st to the 4th century, when it belonged to the Weser–Rhine Germanic development sphere. During the Roman campaigns in Germania , this part of Westphalia came into the focus of military activities. It remains a matter of discussion whether or not the Minden region was the location of the military camp from where commander Publius Quinctilius Varus began marching to the, for Rome disastrous, Battle of

1472-777: The Catholic occupation the bishop ordered the introduction of the Gregorian calendar in 1630; the calendar was re-set in 1634 under the Swedish régime, but finally standardized to the new style in 1668. The Peace of Westphalia in 1648 secularized the Prince-Bishopric to the Principality of Minden and assigned the territory to the Prince Electorate of Brandenburg , later named Brandenburg-Prussia . Swedish troops moved back in 1650, and

1536-593: The French troops abandoned Minden on 3 November 1813 after the disastrous Battle of Leipzig , they blew up some of the arches of the Weser bridge, with the damage replaced for decades by a wooden auxiliary construction only. Minden became part of the Kingdom of Prussia again as capital both of the District of Minden and the government region ( Regierungsbezirk Minden ) in the new formed Province of Westphalia . By royal order it

1600-596: The Minden area at its lowest part in the quarter of Leteln, at 40 metres (131 feet), while the highest part is the top of Häverstädter Berg with 272 metres (892 feet), at the edge of the Wiehen Hills in the quarter of Haddenhausen. The altitude of the town is given officially as 42.2 metres (138.5 feet), based on the elevation of the town hall. The town covers an area of 101.12 square kilometres (39.04 sq mi). It extends 13.1 km (8.1 miles) from north to south and 14.1 km (9 mi) from east to west. Minden

1664-471: The North Sea in the southernmost part of the German Bight . In the sea it splits into two arms – the riverbed at the end of the last ice age . These sea arms are called Alte Weser (old Weser) and Neue Weser (new Weser). They are the waterways for ships heading for the ports of Bremerhaven , Nordenham , and Bremen . The Alte Weser Lighthouse marks the northernmost point of the Weser. This replaced

1728-643: The Schaumburg district. In both elevations the hard coal containing Berriasian layers reach near to the surface. By reason of the correspondence of the Bückeberg Formation to the Wealden Group , the type of coal found here was named Wealdenkohle in German. Mining in the Minden Coalfield started in the 17th century during the Swedish occupation and ended in the late 19th century. Another coal mine in

1792-694: The Teutoburg Forest in 9  CE . Likewise, the localization of the Battle of Idistaviso and the Battle of the Angrivarian Wall , both taking place in 16  CE , to the eastern part of Minden or its neighbour town of Porta Westfalica is uncertain. Definite archaeological proofs for these locations have not been found as of 2024 . However, relicts of a temporary Roman military camp were found in Barkhausen in 2008, about 3.5 kilometres (2.2 mi) south of

1856-531: The Weser department. On 1 January 1811 Napoleon moved Minden to the department Ems-Supérieur of the French Empire ; now the Weser formed the eastern frontier between France and Westphalia. The rights of the Cathedral chapter in the cathedral close were abolished, the still existing convents were dissolved, and some ecclesiastical buildings like St John's church were secularized and used for military purposes. Before

1920-492: The Weser depression, Weichselian gravel deposits are found and used in gravel pits. The forestry use of the considerably inclined Wiehen Hills shows a striking contrast to the nearly woodless loess stripes of the northern foothills as well as north of the Bastau depression. The loess developed to most fertile soils ( luvisols ) and has been used as arable land since prehistoric times. Both of its stripes are key traffic veins, today

1984-672: The Weser ;– like Bremen and Münden  – had similar rights, many conflicts arose about the partly contradictory legal positions. In course of the War of the Fourth Coalition , French troops occupied the town on 13 November 1806. In the following year Napoleon founded the Kingdom of Westphalia , governed by his brother Jerome Bonaparte as king, and Minden became part of this client state until 1810 as district capital in

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2048-564: The Wiehen Hills is often connected with clear sky in the north of the hills. The Wiehen Hills escarpment extends more than 100 kilometres (62 mi) from west of Osnabrück to the Porta Westfalica gap and is continued in the Weser Hills range. The escarpment forming horizons incline gently flattening to the north; they are of jurassic age, overlayed by cretaceous sediments that form the hill of Bölhorst, and tertiary layers further to

2112-602: The allied French and Saxonian troops in a decisive battle. The region remained Prussian, with the adjacent region in the possession of the British King George II (being the Prince-elector of Hanover in personal union ). Because French troops had occupied the town twice during the war, King Frederick the Great realized that it could no more be defended in the old manner; thus he gave order to annul Minden's status as

2176-549: The canal network running east–west across the North German Plain . The river, when combined with the Werra (a dialectal form of Weser ), is 744 km (462 mi) long and thus, the longest river entirely situated within Germany (the Main , however, is the longest if the Weser and Werra are not combined). The Weser itself is 452 km (281 mi) long. The Werra rises in Thuringia ,

2240-405: The centre of Minden. The name Minda was firstly mentioned in a Royal Frankish Annals record referring to an army assembly held by Charlemagne in 798  CE . The location of the so-named settlement is supposed at the left river side, where today's Fischerstadt exists. Directly neighbouring was the suspected site of a permanent frankish army camp and a royal estate, located favourably at

2304-618: The chamber was the Baron vom Stein (in office from 1796 to 1803). The Weser had long been an important trade route, and the legal regulation of trading had immense significance. In 1552 Emperor Charles V conferred the privilege of its merchants' unhindered trading on the whole Weser to the town of Minden. During the Thirty Years' War, Emperor Ferdinand II confirmed the staple right to Minden in 1627, meaning that all passing merchants had to offer their goods for sale for some days. As other towns on

2368-574: The citizens was demonstrated by the construction of the town hall, probably adjoining the separately governed cathedral precinct. As a result, the Bishop moved his official residence from Minden to Petershagen in 1307. The economic development of Minden was influenced by its location on a navigable river and by its success in grain trading since the Middle Ages. Minden got the right to store goods and could force passing ships to unload their cargo; furthermore

2432-539: The continuance of the House of Welf . The rights to hold a market, to mint coins, and to collect customs duties were granted in 977 by Emperor Otto II . Until the beginning of the 13th century, the bishop appointed the Wichgraf as secular administrator of the town. The citizens of Minden and their council obtained independence from the bishop's rule around 1230 and received a town charter in 1301. The increased self-confidence of

2496-508: The eastern quarter of Meißen worked from 1878 to 1958. A source of 10-percentage brine with its origin in the deep Zechstein series was pumped in the Bölhorst mine and once used for balneotherapy . The last relief -forming age was the pleistocene . During the Saalian glaciation the whole region was ice-covered, now verified by glacial erratic rocks from Scandinavia placed for decoration in

2560-424: The end of the Holy Roman Empire in 1806, and as capital of the East-Westphalian region from the Congress of Vienna until 1947. Furthermore, Minden has been of great military importance with fortifications from the 15th to the late 19th century, and is still a garrison town. Minden hosts diverse industries, none predominant. The town has been terminus of one of the oldest German railway trunks since 1847, adding to

2624-422: The frame of Natural regions of Germany , the western part of Minden belongs to a sequence of geomorphological units (from south to north): the Wiehen Hills, the Lübbecke Loessland, therein the Bastau depression, and the Dümmer Geest Lowland . The eastern part lies in the Middle Weser Valley depression. Crossing the Weser valley was once favoured by a ford with a break in the middle; there its meander touches

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2688-463: The historical town until the 19th century is today part of the quarter Innenstadt. Minden has no meteorological station, therefore the data of the next station Bückeburg in distance of 10 kilometres (6 miles) are given. The meteorological data of the whole East-Westphalian region comply with zone Cfb of the Köppen climate classification , named as Temperate Oceanic climate . This rough classification gives no suitable and detailed description of

2752-424: The legend and folk tale the Pied Piper of Hamelin . Minden Minden ( German: [ˈmɪndn] ) is a middle-sized town in the very north-east of North Rhine-Westphalia , Germany, the largest town in population between Bielefeld and Hanover . It is the capital of the district ( Kreis ) of Minden-Lübbecke , which is part of the region of Detmold . The town extends along both sides of

2816-433: The lower Weser terrace was soon surrounded to the north and west by a settlement of artisans and merchants, who lived in a parish of their own. The development of the upper town began with the activities of ecclesiastical convents. A convent of Benedictine nuns removed from the Wiehen Hills to the northwestern edge of the town around St Mary approximately 1000  CE . In 1029, the Canonical Convent of St Martin appears, and

2880-479: The municipality Hude , to the west of the town Hatten and on the south by the municipalities Dötlingen and Harpstedt . Ganderkesee includes 25 hamlets with about 31,200 residents: Ganderkesee, Almsloh, Bergedorf, Bookholzberg, Bookhorn, Bürstel, Elmeloh, Falkenburg, Grüppenbühren, Habbrügge, Havekost, Heide, Hengsterholz, Hohenböken, Holzkamp, Hoyerswege, Hoykenkamp, Immer, Neuenlande, Rethorn, Schierbrok, Schlutter, Schönemoor, Steinkimmen and Stenum. Ganderkesee

2944-407: The new conditions for construction of a new town quarter in a half-circle to the north and west of the old centre with prestigious buildings on spacious plots, but the urgent narrowness inside the centre maintained. A lot of buildings in the style of historicism replaced older ones at the market place and in the main streets. The lack of buildings outside the fortifications was favourable for planning

3008-423: The north. The underground basis is of palaeozoic material from Devonian to Permian . A new described genus of dinosaur, the Wiehenvenator , was found in the Wiehen Hills near Haddenhausen, popularly referred to as the "Monster of Minden". The Porta sandstone ( Portasandstein ) of the Wiehen Hills has been used as building material for centuries and is seen in many public and private buildings in Minden and

3072-411: The older village. After the dissolution of the Duchy of Saxony in 1180 the bishop became sovereign of the Prince-Bishopric of Minden as a constitutional territory of the Holy Roman Empire , and remained in this status until 1648. During the Investiture controversy two bishops were nominated at the same time in 1080 both by the papal supporters and those of King Henry IV . The Cathedral close on

3136-417: The place where ways from the south were bundled by the Porta Westfalica gap, connected with a west–east way parallel to the Wiehen and Weser hills, and at a ford through the Weser. The region had already been converted to Christianity, when around 800  CE a bishopric was founded in Minden, one of the seven diocese foundations established under the rule of Charlemagne. The first cathedral was built nearby to

3200-409: The principality administration was restored from Petershagen to Minden in 1668. The Brandenburgian "Great Elector" Frederick William ( r.  1640–1688 ) confirmed all traditional rights of the town, but under his successors King Frederick I ( r.  1688–1713 ) and Frederick William I ( r.  1713–1740 ) the town was subordinated to the strongly centralized Prussian government in

3264-413: The region. Another valuable material is iron ore, that was being mined until the first half of the 20th century. Mining relics remain: e.g. the Potts Park , an amusement park in Dützen, on a former ore mine. The Bölhorst hill 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) north of the Wiehen Hills is formed by horizons of Lower Cretaceous age and, in geological sense, is the western extension of the eastward Bückeberg in

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3328-422: The regional situation. The furthest north-eastern part of East-Westphalia is the driest of the state, though located in a small distance to the sea, caused by the main direction of the cyclones from roughly west to east with its prevailing south-westerly rain-bringing weather fronts . So the Minden region lies in the leeward rain shadow of the Teutoburg Forest and the Wiehen Hills. A cloudy weather south of

3392-476: The spirit of absolutism . The 400-year civil self-determination ended with two town regulations from 1711 and 1721; the representatives of the town were no longer elected for a certain period, but for life, and they needed royal confirmation for inauguration. The Battle of Minden took place some miles to the north of Minden on 1 August 1759, during the Seven Years' War of 1756 to 1763. The allied forces of Prussia, Great Britain , and some German allies defeated

3456-601: The town became a flourishing member of the Hanseatic League . The precise year of the first Weser bridge construction is not known. A previous wooden pedestrian bridge was replaced in the late 13th century by another one fit for wagon transport. In the early 16th century Minden got a stone arch bridge . At the end of the medieval age the papal legate Cardinal Nicholas of Cusa visited some German church provinces to remedy deficits in pastoral care and clerical administration. During his journey he stayed in Minden for one week in August 1451, where he signed various decrees, but on

3520-434: The town, an area that had already been part of the main fighting during the Battle of Minden in 1759. After the Congress of Vienna of 1815 had passed general principles of free traffic on the main rivers, the six Weser-states of the German Confederation annulated all restrictions and most of the financial burdens for shipping on the river by the Weser Shipping Act ( Weserschifffahrtsakte ) of 1823. The first steam ship

3584-441: The town. The Bastau depression, a late-Saalian Weser bed, became a marshy peat-covered area; the peat is completely exhausted for its use in firing. In the time of Weichselian glaciation the glacier did not reach this region. In the periglacial climate of that time fine material ( silt ) was blown and accumulated north of the Wiehen Hills as well as north of the Bastau depression in either small west–east stripes of loess . In

3648-459: The western edge of the valley, the eastern floodplain is usually flood-meadow, so that the central bridgehead ( Brückenkopf ) becomes a river island . Today a system of two bridges crosses the valley. The Mittelland Canal connecting the river systems of Ems , Weser and Elbe traverses the town from west to east. These waterways cross in the northern area of the town at the Minden Aqueduct ( Wasserstraßenkreuz Minden ). The Weser leaves

3712-469: The whole district, was the manufacture of cigars ; this branch decreased after World War I and finally vanished, because the growing market share of cigarettes had been ignored. Minden was seat of a Chamber of commerce from 1849 to 1932, when it was merged with those of Bielefeld. Overpopulation and unemployment were the reasons for an enormous emigration from the Minden Land ; various emigration agencies had their location in Minden. The town remained

3776-443: The whole this project did not achieve the intended aims. The Lutheran Reformation was introduced in 1529 during a vacancy after the death of the not very respected Bishop Francis of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel , and a 36-man unit constituted itself as town regiment. A new church order, based on Martin Luther 's principles, was announced from the pulpit of St Martin's Church ( Martinikirche ) on 13 February 1530. The Dominican convent

3840-399: Was declared a fortress once more. The fortress regulations ordered a 600-metre (2,000 ft) area in front of the wall being free of any buildings, not even vertical gravestones were allowed. The refortification had severe consequences, hindering any extension of the town area and thus economic development. The Infanterie-Regiment "Prinz Friedrich der Niederlande" (2. Westfälisches) Nr. 15

3904-465: Was dissolved in 1529, and its buildings have been used since 1530 as a location of the new founded municipal Gymnasium , the first Protestant Gymnasium in Westphalia. Imperial Catholic troops occupied Minden from 1625 to 1634 during the Thirty Years' War . Protestant Swedish troops laid siege to Minden and captured it in 1634. Queen Christina of Sweden ( r.  1632–1654 ) granted Minden full sovereignty in internal and external affairs. During

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3968-474: Was mentioned in 860 AD for the first time under the name of "Gandrikesarde". Ganderkesee is twinned with: With "Atlas Airport", Ganderkesee possesses a regional airport. Mayor: Ralf Wessel ( CDU ), elected in September 2021. The Council of Ganderkesee: Near Steinkimmen is a 298-metre-high (978 ft) guyed steel tube mast for FM- and TV-broadcasting, the Transmitter Steinkimmen . Weser The Weser ( pronounced [ˈveːzɐ] )

4032-423: Was put in operation in 1836, and a first harbour basin was built in 1859 on the east side of the river, connected with the railway in 1863. In the following decades, the great majority of transferred goods were imported goods, as export was of low importance. Inland shipment grew enormously after the completion of the Mittelland Canal and its connection to the Weser by the shaft lock in 1915. The trunk line of

4096-405: Was stationed in the garrison from 1820 to 1919, when it was dissolved; the naming Colonel-in-chief was Prince Frederick of the Netherlands and after his death Queen Emma of the Netherlands . Frederick's wife Princess Louise of Prussia was Colonel-in-chief of the Infanterie-Regiment " Graf Bülow von Dennewitz " (6. Westfälisches) Nr. 55 , that was partly stationed in Minden, too. Since 1999,

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