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44-399: Bolívar State may refer to: Bolívar State (Venezuela) Bolívar State (Colombia) / Sovereign State of Bolívar Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Bolívar State . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to

88-841: A company established by the Venezuelan state and the Venezuelan Corporation Faoz. Some woods are exploited, many of them precious like bucare , mahogany and others like plum , crawl, guamo, sarrapia and carob. The state of Bolivar has some of the most important tourist attractions in Venezuela and South America among which the Angel Falls (the world's largest waterfall) and numerous characteristic mountains called Tepuis such as Mount Roraima, as well as many natural wells, caves, rivers, fluvial islands, forests, rock formations, waterfalls and lakes of all types. 30 km from San Félix on

132-591: A generalized south-north slope. The highest plateaus exceed 2,000 metres or 6,600 feet. The highest point is Mount Roraima (2,875 metres or 9,432 feet), located in the Pacaraima Range, which continues south with those of Parima and Tapirapeco. The north of the massif is quite homogeneous, with heights below 400 m and numerous witness hills . In the northeast, the Nuria and Imataca mountains stand out, as well as plateaus and hills over 500 metres or 1,640 feet high drained by

176-512: A name that has persisted for over 80 years and is still remembered today. In 1800, Baron Alexander von Humboldt and Aimé Bonpland visited Angostura and from there they went through El Pao to Barcelona and then to Cumaná , thus ending the tour of Venezuela. The Congress of Angostura , inaugurated on February 15, 1819 by the Liberator Simón Bolívar , under the inspiration of General Francisco de Miranda 's Ideology, represented

220-514: A structure strong enough to be preserved through the centuries. A bell tower, the chapel and a mural composed of images representing the sun and moon, clouds and angels, as well as silhouettes, which presumably represent the Virgin of the Immaculate Conception and Saint Francis of Assisi, are components that can be seen inside this rectangular space that follows the structure of the main nave of

264-617: Is between 27 and 30 °C (80.6 and 86.0 °F) in the Puerto Ordaz area, between 27 and 31 °C (80.6 and 87.8 °F) in the Ciudad Bolivar zone, and between 18 and 23 °C (64.4 and 73.4 °F) in the Gran Sabana Zone. The climate is tropical, although it varies according to the zones; thus, the low areas present high temperatures, which reach an average of 27 °C or 80.6 °F, and abundant rainfall. The variation of

308-599: Is changed to Bolivar State, as a tribute to the Liberator, Simón Bolívar . In Angostura, Bolívar convened the Second Congress of the Republic of Venezuela on February 15, 1819. His inaugural speech and the constitution he proposed comprise the last of the three most important documents of his career. The Correo del Orinoco was also published between 1818 and 1820, giving birth to the Venezuelan free press. On 21 July 1903, in

352-403: Is the most populated town in the state and its economic heart. The State of Bolivar is made up of several towns, but some are outstanding for certain reasons, making some of these towns more livable than others. Some of these large populations are: According to the 2011 Census, the racial composition of the population was: The State of Bolivar is home to several ethnic groups that originated in

396-518: The Imataca mountain range. Almost all of the state is occupied by the Guiana massif; this suffered epirogenic movements that reactivated the basal rock of the shield, cut by fluvial erosion, reached it and gave rise to a staggering of jumps, originating tabular reliefs known as tepuis. The Tepuis are located mainly in the center and south of the structure. The average altitude is 400 metres or 1,310 feet, with

440-717: The Yuruari River. The southeast sector is separated from the northwest sector by the Erebato River and the upper Ventuari Valley. It comprises the Great Savannah and the rest of the territory west of the Caroni River, made up of three high plateaus. The southwest of the massif is made up of lowlands through which the Ventuari, Alto Río Negro and Alto Orinoco rivers flow, with flat topography interrupted by witness hills. Except for

484-521: The conservative Blue Revolution headed by General José Tadeo Monagas ended his term as president. Also, he was briefly overthrown in 1865. At the end of his presidential term, Falcón emigrated to Europe. He died in Martinique in 1870. The state of Falcón is named after him. In 1863, under the presidency of Juan Crisóstomo Falcon Zavarce, Venezuela became the first country to abolish capital punishment for all crimes, including serious offenses against

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528-769: The Amazonas state and part of the Delta Amacuro state. It has 7,000 tons of reserves of gold , copper , diamond , coltan , iron , bauxite and other minerals. It is bordered to the north by the Orinoco River and the States of Delta Amacuro, Monagas, Anzoátegui and Guárico; to the south by the Federative Republic of Brazil ; to the southwest by the State of Amazonas; to the east by the territory of Guayana Esequiba , in dispute with

572-597: The Constitution of the State of Bolivar of 2001, Spanish is the official language of the State and all the indigenous languages are official for their respective peoples. In the numerous indigenous cultures of the State of Bolivar, there are musical and artisanal manifestations. The inhabitants of the jungle use reed flutes and rattles for their spiritual invocations or for joy in moments of collective expansion. Juan Cris%C3%B3stomo Falc%C3%B3n Juan Crisóstomo Falcón Zavarce (27 January 1820 – 29 April 1870)

616-620: The Cooperative Republic of Guyana; and to the west by the State of Apure. Three major landscapes can be recognized in a relief between the Guiana shield: the isolated Orinoco savannahs and low mountains, the mountainous landscape dominated by the tabular peaks of the Tepuis and the valleys of the tributaries of the Orinoco and the lowlands and partly savannahs of the Yuruari , limited to the east by

660-797: The Federalist army. His suffered a crushing defeat in the Battle of Coplé in February 1860, after which his army disintegrated. After the Battle of Coplé, the Federal War transformed mainly into a successful guerrilla warfare, which ended in a victory for the Federalists in 1863, and the Treaty of Coche , which made him the new President of Venezuela. He served as the recognized president of Venezuela from 1863 to 1868, when

704-621: The Federation. It organizes its administration and its public powers through the Constitution of the State of Bolivar, approved by the Legislative Council in Ciudad Bolivar on July 2, 2001. It is composed of the Governor of the State of Bolivar and a group of State Secretaries. The Governor is elected by the people through direct and secret vote for a period of four years and with the possibility of being reelected continuously, being in charge of

748-738: The Republican ranks during the war of independence. They are called the Ruins of the Mission of the Purísima Concepción del Caroni, or better known as "Las Misiones del Caroni". These ruins served as the governing house of the Catalan Capuchins, and were declared a National Historic Monument on August 2, 1960. It exemplifies a magnificent building belonging to the colonial architecture, finally built with stones, bricks, tiles, wood and mortar, which gave it

792-489: The State of Bolivar is mostly referred to basketwork, made with moriche palm. The Indians make objects that are utilitarian and that are very sought after by tourists such as peony seed necklaces, San Pedro tears, toucan peaks, etc... Apart from Spanish , which is the main language, several languages are spoken in some sectors of Bolivar. In addition, there are isolated languages such as joti . The Arutani-sapé languages have probably become extinct. According to article 9 of

836-665: The area comprised in the Yuruari- Cuyuni river basin, the entire state is included in the Orinoco drainage system. Among the most important rivers are the Caroní , the Paragua and the Caura , etc. All of them dig their courses through a rugged topography in the hard rocks of the Guiana shield, giving rise to rapid valleys and waterfalls. In the case of the Caroní River, these unevennesses have allowed

880-555: The blows, the tunes to the sound of the harp, cuatro and maracas, are characteristic of this area of Bolivar. The carnivals in El Callao are very colorful and have already gained fame and tradition with the peculiar Guayana Calypso. This dance originated with the arrival of the Antilleans who brought their customs and their typical English, it was mixed with ours emerging along with the local patois and many other customs. The craftsmanship in

924-536: The castles, San Francisco de Asís (Fuerte Villapol) was built on the banks of the Orinoco in the 17th century between 1678 and 1684, as referred to by Gerónimo Martínez-Mendoza, by order of the Governor Cap. Tiburcio de Axpe y Zúñiga, in the narrowest part of the Orinoco after Angostura, on the land where San Francisco's auspices once stood, established by Don Antonio de Berrío, the first governor of Guayana and founder of Santo Tomé de Guayana. Years later and to reinforce

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968-519: The central government under the rule of Andean leaders. The state gained more autonomy in 1989 when the first elections for governor and legislative assembly were held and the practice of appointments from the central government in Caracas was ended. On 13 November 2006, the Orinoquia Bridge was inaugurated, the second largest in the country, which facilitates communications between Ciudad Guayana and

1012-461: The climate of the extensive territory is determined by the altitude and the winds since the latitude (between 4° and 8° of North latitude) places it totally in the equatorial strip. The low northern lands, influenced by the east and northeast winds, are characterized by a rainy season and a dry season, both very marked; the southern lands receive winds loaded with humidity from the Amazon depression and from

1056-1180: The country. Among the main groups are the Pemones , the Yekuana , the Sanemá , the Panares , the Hotis and the Piaroas . All of these groups speak their own languages, although most also speak Spanish . Bolívar State is sub-divided into eleven municipalities ( municipios ), given below with their administrative centres, areas and populations: In the State of Bolivar there are great energy sources that are very important for Venezuela (the Guri Dam , among others), famous agricultural products (Guiana cheese, cotton , yucca , cassava , white and brown catalinas, naiboa, among others), and many minerals in great demand (iron, gold, bauxite , among others). located in Ciudad Guayana. The agricultural sector of Bolivar State has little significance, both at

1100-450: The creation of the federal territories Yuruari and El Caura (1881), Armisticio (1883) and Delta (1884). Between 1890 and 1893, it recovered these territories. In 1887, the current state of Delta Amacuro was separated from the state of Guayana. In 1899, the Apure and Guayana States were separated and established their autonomy; and it is from the 1901 Constitution that the name of Guayana State

1144-609: The defenses of the first castle was built the Castle of El Padrastro or San Diego - construction began in 1747 - so called because it was located on a hillock or stepfather, from where you can see the Castle of San Francisco which it protects. These castles were restored in 1897 by the then President of Venezuela, Joaquín Crespo, who renamed them Fuerte Campo Elías al Castillo de San Diego and Fuerte Villapol al Castillo de San Francisco, in honor of these heroes who, despite being born in Spain, fought in

1188-576: The establishment of powerful hydroelectric plants. The Guri Reservoir and the Simón Bolívar Hydroelectric Plant (formerly Raúl Leoni), which covers more than 80,000 hectares, is the most important center for electricity generation in Venezuela. The Churún River , a tributary of the Caroní River, flows from the Auyan Tepui plateau, with a 936.60-meter drop: Angel Falls , the highest in the world. The average annual temperature (Max-Min)

1232-467: The independent states of the United States of Venezuela . In 1879, it was one of the seven states of the Federation, without the territory corresponding to Amazonas which had become Federal Territory Amazonas . In 1881, it became one of the nine political entities into which the country was divided, receiving the name of Great State Bolivar formed by Guayana and Apure . Its territory was diminished with

1276-400: The intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bolívar_State&oldid=569368836 " Categories : Disambiguation pages State name disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Bol%C3%ADvar State (Venezuela) During

1320-559: The opposite bank of the Orinoco River in the states of Anzoátegui and Monagas . The Orinoco Mining Arc (AMO), officially created, on 24 February 2016, as the Arco Mining Orinoco National Strategic Development Zone, 2 is an area rich in mineral resources that the Republic of Venezuela has been operating since 2017; occupies mostly the north of the Bolivar state and to a lesser extent the northeast of

1364-423: The possibility of continuous re-election, under a system of proportional representation of the population of the State and its municipalities. The State has 15 deputies, of which 4 belong to the opposition and 11 to the ruling party, including a representation of the indigenous peoples and communities of the State of Bolivar. Ciudad Bolívar is the capital; famous for its colonial architecture. Although Ciudad Guayana

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1408-413: The road to Piacoa in the State of Delta Amacuro, you will find Los Castillos de Guayana, buildings built on rocky hills on the right bank of the Orinoco River during the colonial era to protect Santo Tomé de Guayana from attacks by pirates and adventurers who feverishly sought El Dorado, the most fabulous of our indigenous inventions that would drive the feverish minds of the conquistadors mad. The first of

1452-511: The second Constituent Congress of the Republic of Venezuela . It was convened in the context of the wars of independence of Venezuela and the New Granada. In 1821 (during the Great Colombia ) it became a department of Orinoco with the largest extension of the time (whose capital was Santo Tomás de la Nueva Guayana de la Angostura del Orinoco or Angostura). When Gran Colombia was dissolved,

1496-492: The southeast that condense at the contact of the elevations producing intense rains of more than 1600 mm. The State of Bolivar is the largest state in Venezuela and covers a large area of 242,801 km² which represents 26.49% of the national total. In addition, de Iure claims the territories of Guayana Esequiba south of the Cuyuni River, Cuyuni-Mazaruni, Potaro-Siparuni and Alto Tacutu-Alto Esequibo, which would increase

1540-632: The state administration. The current Governor is Justo Noguera Pietri of the PSUV. Like the other 23 federal entities of Venezuela, the State maintains its own police force, which is supported and complemented by the National Police and the Venezuelan National Guard . The State Legislature is the responsibility of the unicameral Legislative Council of the State of Bolivar, elected by the people through direct and secret vote every four years, with

1584-446: The state and national level. The soil, topography, and climate characteristics have led to consider the area as a strong restriction for agricultural development, since a large part of its soils are composed of highly siliceous rocks, with low moisture retention capacity and strong acid reaction. Nevertheless, the exploitation of a great variety of agricultural items, the immense reserves of forest resources, allow us to foresee that through

1628-480: The temple or church. The same is provided with a parking lot that communicates to the temple by means of a paved road, and connects to the bank of the Macagua reservoir. In many indigenous cultures of the State of Bolivar there are musical and artisan manifestations. In other environments the joropo is danced, exactly in the northwest of the state, due to the proximity of the plains of Guariqueños and Apureños. The passage,

1672-401: The territory by 124,414 km². The geography of the State of Bolivar is as follows: the State of Bolivar is located in the southeast of Venezuela, it has jungle vegetation and a savannah climate, the State is mostly limited by the Orinoco River. It borders on several Venezuelan states and on the republics of Guyana and Brazil . The State is autonomous and politically equal to the rest of

1716-574: The territory changed to the Province of Guayana until 1854 when it became the Province of Orinoco (whose capital was Ciudad Bolívar). After the separation in 1856 of the then Federal Territory Amazonas, the province of Guayana was renamed in 1864 as the Sovereign State of Guayana once the Federal Revolution came to power under the command of Juan Crisóstomo Falcón . In 1864, Guyana became one of

1760-577: The time of the Spanish Empire , it was part of the province of Nueva Andalucía and later it was annexed to the province of Guayana from 1777 when King Charles III created the Captaincy General of Venezuela . The capital of the state, Ciudad Bolivar was founded on December 21, 1595 by Antonio de Berrío, who had come from Nueva Granada (present-day Colombia ) with the mission of populating Guyana. The town, originally called Santo Tomás de Guayana,

1804-558: The use of appropriate technology, irrigation and selection of the size of the exploitation, this sector could contribute in an important way in the integral development of the area. Bolivar State has the Siderurgica del Orinoco (SIDOR), which is in charge of steel production with Direct Reduction technologies and Electric Arc Furnaces, with natural resources available in the Guayana region. By 2017, coltan production will begin through Parguaza,

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1848-479: The vicinity of Ciudad Bolivar, the last battle of the Liberating Revolution was fought where the government army under the command of Juan Vicente Gómez defeated the opposition forces of General Nicolás Rolando. The defeat of the Liberating Revolution marked the end of the 19th century in Venezuela, which was characterized by political instability and great civil wars, giving way to a period of consolidation of

1892-450: Was a fortified port that had to move three times, since it was the target of constant assaults by Caribbean Indians and European corsairs, among whom Sir Walter Raleigh stood out in 1617. In 1764 it found a definitive site on the banks of the Orinoco , in its narrowest sector, for which it took the name of Santo Tomás de la Nueva Guayana de la Angostura del Orinoco, known simply as Angostura,

1936-657: Was the president of Venezuela from 1863 to 1868. Falcón was a member of the Liberal Venezuelan Federalist Party, and had been exiled to Curaçao after te Conservative March Revolution of 1858 . At the outbreak of the Federal War , he returned to Venezuela as the supreme chief of the rebel movement in August 1859. When his military leader Ezequiel Zamora , was killed in January 1860, Falcón, also took over as head of

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