Misplaced Pages

#545454

20-627: This settlement was founded in 1662 as a small sloboda and Bogodukhov ostrog . It has been a town since 1681. In 1709, at the time of the Russo-Swedish War , it was taken by Menshikov and the emperor Alexius . After April 1780 it was the administrative centre of Bogodukhov uyezd in Kharkov Governorate of the Russian Empire . A cathedral was built in 1793. The population was 10,522 in 1860 and 11,928 in 1897. In Soviet times, much

40-593: A sloboda was a colonization-type settlement in sparsely populated lands, particularly by Cossacks in Cossack Hetmanate , see " Sloboda Ukraine ". Initially, the settlers of such sloboda were freed from various taxes and levies for various reasons, hence the name. Freedom from taxes was an incentive for colonization . By the first half of the 18th century, this privilege was abolished, and slobodas became ordinary villages , shtetls , townlets , suburbs. Some slobodas were suburban settlements, right behind

60-459: A vocational school. In 1965, a medical college was opened there . In January 1989, the population was 18,962 people and the main branch of the economy was the food industry. In January 2013, the population was 15,797 people. As of the 2001 Ukrainian census , the settlement had a population of 18,045 inhabitants, making it the twelfth-largest city in the Kharkiv Oblast . The ethnic composition

80-465: Is a comprehensive multi-volume encyclopaedia in Russian . It contains 121,240 articles, 7,800 images, and 235 maps. It was published in the Russian Empire in 1890–1907, as a joint venture of Leipzig and St Petersburg publishers. The articles were written by the prominent Russian scholars of the period, such as Dmitri Mendeleev and Vladimir Solovyov . Reprints have appeared following the dissolution of

100-744: Is preserved in names of various settlements and city quarters. Some settlements were named just thus: "Sloboda", "Slobodka" (diminutive form), "Slabodka", "Slobidka" ( Ukrainian ). Similar settlements existed in Wallachia and Moldavia , called slobozie or slobozia . The latter term is also the name of the capital city of Ialomița County , Slobozia , in modern Romania . Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary The Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopaedic Dictionary ( Russian : Энциклопедический словарь Брокгауза и Ефрона , romanized :  Entsiklopedicheskiy slovar Brokgauza i Yefrona , abbr. ЭСБЕ , ESBE ; 35 volumes, small; 86 volumes, large)

120-491: The Russian reader. These volumes caused a lot of complaints about the quality of the translation, and the overall management of the publication also left much to be desired. So, the journal Severny Vestnik ( Northern Herald ) noted: "There are too many significant shortcomings. There is too little effort, love, and, what is stranger, not enough impressive edition, both literary and purely scholarly!" (1890, No. 4, pp. 76–77), and

140-599: The Soviet Union . In 1889, the owner of one of the St. Petersburg printing houses, Ilya Abramovich Efron  [ ru ] , at the initiative of Semyon Afanasyevich Vengerov , entered into an agreement with the German publishing house F. A. Brockhaus for the translation into Russian of the large German encyclopaedic dictionary Brockhaus Enzyklopädie into Russian as Энциклопедический словарь Брокгауза и Ефрона , published by

160-457: The city wall. Many of them were subsequently incorporated into cities, and the corresponding toponyms indicate their origin. The Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary relates that by the end of the 19th century a sloboda was a large village with more than one church, a marketplace, and volost administration, or a village-type settlement of industrial character, where the peasants have little involvement in agriculture . The term

180-429: The company made it more accessible to a wide audience of readers, thanks to which the circulation was brought to a record for that time – 130,000 copies. Many prominent scientists and philosophers were invited to the editorial board: Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleev , Vladimir Sergeevich Solovyov , Semyon Afanasyevich Vengerov , Andrey Nikolaevich Beketov , Alexander Ivanovich Voeikov and many others. From that moment on,

200-420: The editorial states: "Russian cities are located absolutely everything, with the addition of more townships, villages and villages with over 3 thousand inhabitants or deserving attention." The Encyclopaedic Dictionary began to be published in two versions. The first, more expensive, comprised 41 volumes, the second, with a more modest design, of 82 half-volumes. Having broken its expensive publication by half,

220-471: The encyclopaedia begins to replenish with original articles, and the primary attention is paid to issues related to the history, culture and geography of Russia. The displacement of translated articles by original ones and the appearance of new authors affected the very nature of the publication: from a trivial encyclopaedia it turned into a collection of the latest achievements and discoveries in all fields of science and technology. The Encyclopaedic Dictionary

SECTION 10

#1732884033546

240-487: The history of Russia, a sloboda was a settlement or a town district of people free of the power of boyars . Often these were settlements of tradesmen and artisans, and were named according to their trade, such as the yamshchiks ' sloboda ( Russian : ямская слобода , yamskaya sloboda  [ ru ] ) and smiths ' sloboda . The German Quarter in Moscow ( nemetskaya sloboda ) was set up to house foreigners. Often

260-466: The journal Historical Bulletin added to this that the Encyclopaedic Dictionary was "carelessly and unsatisfactorily compiled. The very language of the articles is heavy and in places wrong. The translation is immediately visible, and it is far from a professorial one, but a gymnasium, awkward, literal" (1890, No. 5, p. 454). After the death of Professor Ivan Andreevsky, the editorial office

280-571: The most significant of what, for various reasons, had been omitted in previous volumes or appeared after the encyclopaedia was published. The 82nd half-volume ends with the "Portrait Gallery" of the editors and employees of the Encyclopaedic Dictionary , comprising 300 portrait-prototypes: from the editor-in-chief to a simple typesetter. Simultaneously, in 1899–1902, the Small Encyclopaedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron

300-416: The same publishing house. Initially, it was supposed to be limited to the translation of this publication, but only with a more detailed presentation of issues related to Russia. It was supposed to release only 16–18 volumes. The first eight volumes (up to the letter "B"), published under the general editorship of Professor Ivan Efimovich Andreevsky, were almost literal translation with a slight adaptation for

320-536: Was as follows: Bohodukhiv railway station on the Southern railway is located here since 1878 at around 50°10′N 35°31′E  /  50.167°N 35.517°E  / 50.167; 35.517 . Bohodukhiv is twinned with: Sloboda (settlement) A sloboda was a type of settlement in the history of Belarus , Russia and Ukraine . The name is derived from the early Slavic word for ' freedom ' and may be loosely translated as 'free settlement'. In

340-494: Was done to develop industry and education here. A local newspaper has been published here since February 1930. During World War II , Bogodukhov was occupied by the German Army from 16 October 1941 to 17 February 1943 and again from 11 March to 7 August 1943. It was liberated by 1st Tank Army. In 1944, a dairy factory was built there In 1950 the city had three secondary schools, five seven-year schools, two primary schools and

360-474: Was headed by Academician Konstantin Konstantinovich Arseniev and Professor of St. Petersburg University Fyodor Fomich Petrushevsky  [ ru ] , which marked a new period in the encyclopaedia's history. Starting from the 9th volume, the translated material fades into the background, there is much more factual and statistical material. Particular attention is paid to geographical articles,

380-547: Was published from 1890 to 1904, with 4–5 volumes published annually. The circulation fluctuated significantly, from 12,000 copies in 1890 to 25,000 in 1897. Semi-volumes 54 and 55, containing an extensive description of Russia (1899), were published in a circulation of 35 thousand copies. The large circulation determined the wide distribution of the dictionary on the market, despite the rather high price. By 1907, four additional half-volumes were published, edited by Vladimir Timofeyevich Shevyakov and Arseniev. This also included all

400-482: Was published in three volumes; in 1907–1909, its second edition was published in four volumes. In 1911, the New Encyclopaedic Dictionary was published, edited by Konstantin Konstantinovich Arseniev , which was supposed to cover the same circle of knowledge as ESBE, but in a more compact and modern processing. In 1916, because of wartime difficulties, the publication of the dictionary was discontinued on

#545454