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112-465: The venture began when some junior CBC employees sought an alternative to the Celebrity Club, a gathering place across the street from the broadcaster's production centre on Jarvis Street . Five each put up one hundred dollars:  Don Cullen , David Harriman, Ted Morris, Peter Oomen, and Steven Thomas Quance. Another, "Larry," had offered to match any contributions, but pulled out when his ideas for

224-462: A "terrible response". He also recalled receiving, on New Year's Eve, "gifts ... in the form of pills, of varying colours and dimensions", more consistent with Rochdale as a Toronto drug centre. Never wishing the venue to be associated with that part of the counterculture, this confirmed their decision to end the pilot and close this version of the Bohemian Embassy. The Bohemian Embassy returned as

336-666: A "world premiere" reading of Charles Sangster 's 1856 play, Bertram and Lorenzo , while a March 1961 program included Ionesco 's Jack, or the Submission . And a 1964 production of Look Back in Anger staged there cost a reported eight dollars. Other productions, by local writers, included a pair of one-act plays by John Herbert , Private Club and A Household God , scheduled to be staged in autumn 1962, and an early play by David French , A Ring for Florrie , presented in November 1963, on

448-498: A bill with David , a three-scene piece by, and featuring, comedian Eve Law. About both the latter shows, influential critic Nathan Cohen wrote, "The ideas are interesting, but the plays and their production are disasters". Earlier that year, in May 1963, it had been the venue for an ill-attended chamber opera, Balloon , by composer Henry Papale and librettist and featured tenor Daniel Pociernicki, about which critic John Kraglund judged "there

560-504: A cast of eleven, including Baldaro and Hicklin, fellow writers Eve Law and Wayne McLaren, and Kathy Greenwood, Eliza Creighton, Gabrielle Thibault, folk singer Klaas Van Graft, Michael Farnell, Embassy regular George Miller, and the club's co-owner Don Cullen, who was asked to join the cast because he could do a Russian accent. Scheduled to run three nights, and with two enthusiastic notices in the Toronto Daily Star , including Cohen's,

672-631: A children's performer. Poetry nights, again initially programmed by John Robert Colombo, provided a venue for younger writers, such as Pier Giorgio Di Cicco , who was later named Toronto's Poet Laureate , and Robert Priest . Another distinctive poetic voice was Hans Jewinski, a Toronto police officer who published his first collection in 1975, with an accompanying reading at the Embassy. As well, some who started as programmers became more notable as impresarios in their own right. Because of other commitments, Colombo decided to step back, and Greg Gatenby

784-674: A contemporary report, "the Bohemian Embassy changed from being off-beat and far out to being square and passé . It was conceived in the Kingston Trio era; it began to fade with the dawning of the Beatles ", and the growing hippie subculture supplanted the Beat ethos of the club, which closed at the St. Nicholas Street location in June 1966, six years to the day from its opening. Cullen, with partner Don Black, revived

896-577: A dozen volumes of poetry by others. A resident of Toronto all of his life, he has been called that city's "most loved poet". Robert Fulford wrote of Souster in 1998: "You can't read the history of Canadian poetry without encountering him, yet somehow he remains obscure. His legendary shyness has created, over five decades, a curious form of anonymity: he's at once omnipresent and invisible." Born in Toronto , Ontario , Souster grew up in West Toronto near

1008-601: A fellow performer in Beyond the Fringe , for his management skills. Located in the York Quay building, the first operational area of the development, the Bohemian Embassy was to open on June 15, 1974, with a performance by Gordon Lightfoot. Construction was delayed, however, and he could not reschedule for the new opening date of July 1. Programming was similar to the plan for the original club, with different types of performance each night of

1120-814: A four-hour selection of black-and-white videotaped programs each day. The tapes were recorded in Calgary and flown into a community with a transmitter, put on the air, and then transported to another community, often by the "bicycle" method used in television syndication . Transportation delays ranged from one week for larger centres to almost a month for small communities. The first stations were started in Yellowknife , Northwest Territories; Lynn Lake , Manitoba; and Havre-Saint-Pierre , Quebec, in 1967. Another station began operating in Whitehorse , Yukon in November 1968. Additional stations were added from 1969 to 1972. Most of

1232-467: A known author and a set with unpublished writers. The performance space, which seated a reported 275, opened on June 20, 1991, with a cover charge of five dollars, for a reading by Al Purdy. Other veteran writers read there, including an evening in August 1991, when Margaret Atwood launched her book Wilderness Tips , that turned away about 150, but programming overall stressed younger and newer talent. When

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1344-590: A literary festival marking Toronto's 175th birthday, included the "Bohemian Embassy Revival", a program at the City Hall library that presented, in addition to Cullen, Colombo, Greg Gatenby, Rosemary Sullivan , Dennis Lee, and Sylvia Tyson. On June 22, 2002, Mariposa in the City, a Toronto event of the Mariposa Folk Festival , included a spoken-word program, with Cullen, named for the Bohemian Embassy. As well, one of

1456-493: A midnight set, and a hootenanny on Sunday nights. Poetry readings were frequently punctuated by musical performances. A November 1960 story in the Toronto Daily Star reported, in addition to a reading by Milton Acorn , "There were readings by two other poets, John Higgins and M. E. Atwood, barely out of their teens, and a copious and very Celtic bout of folk singing by Sylvia Fricker", referring to Margaret Atwood ,

1568-456: A motif for the performance, which featured "folk singing, poets reading works that were inspired by the bathtub and humorous skits", according to a Toronto Star reviewer. He found the evening "an amateur show" and "not a success", also reporting that co-proprietor Don Cullen, who arranged the program, agreed. The Bohemian Embassy served as a venue for a wide variety of small-scale, limited-budget theatre. A November 1960 evening included

1680-570: A network of radio stations formerly set up by a federal Crown corporation, the Canadian National Railway . The network was used to broadcast programming to riders aboard its passenger trains, with coverage primarily in central and eastern Canada. On November 2, 1936, the CRBC was reorganized under its present name. While the CRBC was a state-owned company, the CBC was a Crown corporation on the model of

1792-461: A nineteen-storey structure set behind the lower one, back from Queen Street. The project attracted controversy for its appropriation of the name, which the developers used to market properties to what they described as "first-time buyers and well established people who work in the financial district", but which was also branded as "a condominium so stylish and cool, it promises to redefine the way this city's hipsters live". Michael Toke, an artist in

1904-552: A poetry evening and offered to perform, but the organizer of the evening declined. On January 10, 1963, a " happening " took place at the Bohemian Embassy. Reputedly Toronto's first, its novelty attracted CBC television, for a feature broadcast on the local program, Close-Up . A later account reported that the event had been suggested by the CBC producers, who "had heard Happenings were the thing in New York's Village and wanted one to photograph closer to home". A bathtub served as

2016-524: A program of "folk music, comedy and magicians", and, on the November 17 edition, featuring the National Tap Dance Company's rendition of a Bach Brandenburg Concerto . A regular notice in the Toronto Star calling for audience members to attend tapings appeared as late as February 1980, but according to published radio listings, the last broadcast was December 29, 1979, and the time slot

2128-435: A revised policy of improved training and methods for handling bullying and harassment complaints. The Rubin report "contained several recommendations on how the CBC can change its workplace culture. One of those recommendations included the creation of a work and human rights ombudsperson whom employees could use to raise concerns about the workplace." The CBC also severed its relationship "with two top executives, Chris Boyce,

2240-541: A total of $ 348 million for radio services in both languages, $ 88 million for management and technical costs, and $ 124 million for " amortization of property and equipment". Some of this spending was derived from amortization of funding from previous years. Raymond Souster Raymond Holmes Souster OC (January 15, 1921 – October 19, 2012) was a Canadian poet whose writing career spanned over 70 years. More than 50 volumes of his own poetry were published during his lifetime, and he edited or co-edited

2352-582: A venue within Harbourfront Centre , a cultural and recreational site on the Toronto waterfront. Established as Harbourfront Passage, a pedestrian walkway, by the Government of Canada in 1972, in 1974, billed as Harbourfront '74, it started to offer programs of entertainment and recreation. Don Cullen had been invited to revive the Bohemian Embassy, accepting the offer on condition that it include Roy Wordsworth,

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2464-497: A week, but the venue stayed open until spring 1976. Discussions about alternative funding included paid admissions and sponsorships by tobacco or beer companies, but the Harbourfront board ruled out the former, and Cullen resisted the latter, seeing the ironies in that type of support for a coffeehouse. Saturday, March 27, 1976, on the venue's final weekend, featured a twelve-hour concert of folk, country, and bluegrass music, to benefit

2576-401: A year after opening, it made headlines when Bell Telephone included the Bohemian Embassy in its Yellow Pages among "Consulates & Other Foreign Government Representatives". Over the first two and a half years, the Toronto police charged proprietors Cullen and Oomen four times with operating a public hall without a license. On the second occasion, in June 1961, poet John Higgins, writing for

2688-491: Is CBC" or "Ici Radio-Canada". This was later replaced by a different, and more familiar 11-note woodwind orchestral jingle, which was used until December 31, 1985. The updated one-colour version of the gem/pizza logo, created by Hubert Tison and Robert Innes, was introduced on January 1, 1986, and with it was introduced a new series of computer graphic-generated television idents for the CBC and Radio-Canada. These idents consisted of different background colours corresponding to

2800-505: Is a chronicler of his birth city. Robert Fulford wrote that "many of us think of him first as the poet-in-chief of Toronto. A city comes to life only after writers have invented it, and Souster has been among Toronto's inventors, adding a layer of poetic reality to the abstractions of asphalt, glass, and brick. His Toronto poems work like photographs in the Henri Cartier-Bresson tradition, inscribing small pieces of space and time on

2912-597: Is covered by the "fair dealing" exemption of the Copyright Act . On May 13, 2021, the CPC lawsuit was dismissed in the Federal Court of Canada , with Justice Phelan's clarification that the CPC's use was fair and allowable. The decision made precedent. "Prior to this decision, Canadian jurisprudence held that to meet the requirements of criticism and review, the copyrighted work in use must be critiqued and analyzed. Furthermore,

3024-1083: Is only available as podcasts on its website). The CBC also operates two terrestrial television networks, the English-language CBC Television and the French-language Ici Radio-Canada Télé , along with the satellite/cable networks CBC News Network , Ici RDI , Ici Explora , Documentary Channel (partial ownership), and Ici ARTV . The CBC operates services for the Canadian Arctic under the names CBC North , and Radio-Canada Nord. The CBC also operates digital services including CBC.ca /Ici.Radio-Canada.ca, CBC Radio 3 , CBC Music /ICI.mu, and Ici.TOU.TV . CBC/Radio-Canada offers programming in English, French, and eight indigenous languages on its domestic radio service, and in five languages on its web-based international radio service, Radio Canada International (RCI). However, budget cuts in

3136-532: Is subject to updating following the review's completion. The CBC also submitted a paper to the Review Panel entitled "Our Culture, Our Democracy: Canada in the Digital World", which included various recommendations regarding the strengthening of public broadcasting within the global broadcasting market. The Review Panel submitted its final report and recommendations on January 29, 2020. As a Crown corporation ,

3248-496: Is the most widely recognized symbol of the corporation. The main on-air identification featured the logo kaleidoscopically morphing into its form while radiating outward from the center of the screen on a blue background. This animated version, which went to air in December 1974, is also known colloquially as "The Exploding Pizza". The appearance of this logo marked the arrival of full-colour network television service. The large shape in

3360-590: Is the weekly Saturday night broadcast Hockey Night in Canada . Personalities like Foster Hewitt , Dick Irvin Jr. , Harry Neale were amongst the light-blue jacketed commentators of the 20th century. Ron MacLean and Don Cherry were famous for their commentary during the first intermission Coach's Corner until Cherry was fired for remarks during broadcast on Remembrance Day 2019 that were widely condemned as anti-immigrant. The 1991 Broadcasting Act states that: ...

3472-505: The British Broadcasting Corporation , which had been reformed from a private company into a statutory corporation in 1927. Leonard Brockington was the CBC's first chairman. For the next few decades, the CBC was responsible for all broadcasting innovation in Canada. This was partly because, until 1958, it was not only a broadcaster but the chief regulator of Canadian broadcasting. It used this dual role to snap up most of

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3584-512: The Canadian digital television transition deadline of August 31, 2011, the CBC converted only about half of the analogue transmitters mandatory to digital (15 of 28 markets with CBC TV, and 14 of 28 markets with SRC). Due to financial difficulties reported by the corporation, the corporation published a plan whereby communities that receive analogue signals by re-broadcast transmitters in mandatory markets would lose their over-the-air (OTA) signals as of

3696-817: The Humber River (Canada) . After graduating from the University of Toronto Schools , he joined the Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce at King & Bay Streets in Toronto in 1939. Apart from four years' service in the Royal Canadian Air Force during World War II, he worked at the bank until retiring in 1984. Souster's first published poem appeared in First Statement , the little magazine founded by John Sutherland in Montreal in 1942. In 1943, while still in

3808-587: The New Democratic Party of Canada , accusing them of using copyrighted footage from CBC news programming in their campaign advertising without permission. The Liberals and NDP complied with the letters, pulling the ads in question, while the Broadbent Institute and the Conservatives persisted. Eventually, however, rather than go to court, the Broadbent Institute and the Conservatives agreed to remove

3920-525: The Pacific Time Zone (UTC−8 or −7), originating from Vancouver , even though the audience resided in communities in time zones varying from UTC−5 to UTC−8; the reason for this was that the CBC originated its programs for the Atlantic Time Zone, and a key station in each time zone would record the broadcast for the appropriate delay of one, two or three hours; the programs were originated again for

4032-494: The advice of the prime minister. According to The Hill Times , a clause in Bill C-60 —an omnibus budget implementation bill introduced by the government of Stephen Harper in 2013—"appears to contradict a longstanding arm's-length relationship between the independent CBC and any government in power". The clause allows the "prime minister's cabinet to approve salaries, working conditions and collective bargaining positions for

4144-688: The clear-channel licences in Canada. It began a separate French-language radio network in December 1937. It introduced FM radio to Canada in 1946, though a distinct FM service was not launched until 1960. Television broadcasts from the CBC began on September 6, 1952, with the opening of a station in Montreal , Quebec ( CBFT ), and a station in Toronto , Ontario ( CBLT ) opening two days later. The CBC's first privately owned affiliate television station, CKSO in Sudbury , Ontario, launched in October 1953. At

4256-482: The 1920s. Thus, Souster saved Ross's work from obscurity. Souster also helped new writers. He edited two anthologies for Contact, Poets 56 in 1956, and New Wave Canada: The New Explosion in Poetry in 1966. "Souster brought several young poets to Contact Press, and gave an important boost to the new poetry with New Wave Canada ." The young poets included Margaret Atwood , whose first book, "The Circle Game" went on to win

4368-423: The 50th anniversary of the CBC. In 1992, the CBC updated its logo design to make it simpler and more red (or white on a red background). The new logo design, created by Swiss-Canadian design firm Gottschalk + Ash, reduces the number of geometric sections in the logo to 13 instead of the previous logo's 25, and the "C" in the centre of the logo became a simple red circle. According to graphic designer Todd Falkowsky,

4480-812: The Accents. A mid-July advertisement let nightowls know about after-hours jazz, every Friday night (meaning Saturday morning), 1:15–4:00 am. Like its earlier version, the new Bohemian Embassy helped launch talent, some featured regularly at Harbourfront. Comedy nights regularly programmed a troupe called Comedy Crisis, including Ben Gordon, and the innovative double act of Michael Boncoeur and Paul K. Willis , known as La Troupe Grotesque. Folk musicians Patricia Watson and Alison Reynolds, who came from Sudbury, Ontario, appeared regularly, as did singer-songwriters Nancy White , who soon started to perform her satirical songs weekly on CBC radio's Sunday Morning , and Raffi Cavoukian , soon to be well known, by his first name, as

4592-460: The Act . (In 1974, Cullen had worked for Global, as a writer on another variety show, Everything Goes .) The network advertised it as "free-spirited entertainment", and the Toronto Star found it "low-key with spots of dry humor from Cullen as host", adding, "The players are all clean and neat and professionally good, and except for poet Irving Layton 's preoccupation with fornication in his readings near

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4704-554: The Bohemian Embassy in December 1969, in the former premises of the Same restaurant, at Rochdale College , 341 Bloor Street West, at Huron Street. They planned to run a pilot program of two weeks, and then decide whether to re-open on a more permanent basis. Presentations included open poetry readings, a sitar performance, New Orleans jazz, a hootenanny with the Travellers , and a chamber-music performance that Cullen remembered as receiving

4816-419: The Bohemian Embassy reported a membership numbering about 3,000. The Bohemian Embassy opened on June 1, 1960, the performers including folk singers Karen James and Bob Wowk, and a jazz duo, drummer Paul Neary, and reed player Brian Westwood. The two players then led groups in residence that played midnight sets on alternating Saturdays. In its early years, the club at times attracted controversy. Less than

4928-458: The Bohemian Embassy, had previously been given a flat that three young writers, Harriman, Warren Wilson, and Michael John Nimchuk, occupied nearby, at 590 Yonge. The venue walls were whitewashed, and the floor painted dark red, and the club was first equipped with two large coffee percolators, later leasing a Gaggia espresso machine, reputedly one of the first in Toronto. Membership cost twenty-five cents, and admission one dollar, and within one year

5040-511: The Bohemian Embassy, on Queen Street West, at Gladstone Avenue. The district, known as West Queen West , had evolved to contain art galleries, trendy shops and restaurants, and renovated establishments, such as the Gladstone Hotel and the Drake Hotel , that marked the area as culturally rich. The condominium was to comprise 345 residential units in a nine-storey building on the street and

5152-428: The CBC adopted a new logo for use at the end of network programs. Designed by scale model artist Jean-Paul Boileau, it consisted of the legends "CBC" and "Radio-Canada" overlaid on a map of Canada. For French programming, the "Radio-Canada" was placed on top. The "Butterfly" logo was designed for the CBC by Hubert Tison in 1966 to mark the network's progressing transition from black-and-white to colour television, much in

5264-427: The CBC became the first broadcaster in the world to use an orbiting satellite for television service, linking Canada "from east to west to north". The mission of CBC is contributing to the "moral economy of the nation". Starting in 1967 and continuing until the mid-1970s, the CBC offered a "Frontier Coverage Package" of limited television service to remote northern communities. Low-power television transmitters carried

5376-509: The CBC is the oldest continually-existing broadcasting network in Canada. The CBC was established on November 2, 1936. The CBC operates four terrestrial radio networks: The English-language CBC Radio One and CBC Music , and the French-language Ici Radio-Canada Première and Ici Musique (international radio service Radio Canada International historically transmitted via shortwave radio, but since 2012 its content

5488-638: The CBC operates at arm's length (autonomously) from the government in its day-to-day business. The corporation is governed by the Broadcasting Act of 1991, under a board of directors and is directly responsible to Parliament through the Department of Canadian Heritage . General management of the organization is in the hands of a president, who is appointed by the Governor General of Canada in Council , on

5600-451: The CBC shut down all of its approximately 620 analogue television transmitters, following an announcement of these plans on April 4, 2012. This reduced the total number of the corporation's television transmitters across the country to 27. According to the CBC, this would reduce the corporation's yearly costs by $ 10 million. No plans have been announced to use subchannels to maintain over-the-air signals for both CBC and SRC in markets where

5712-532: The CBC spanned the years between 1965 and 1992, was a beloved and trusted news anchor for the news programme The National . Peter Mansbridge then took over the reins at the premiere Canadian news broadcast until July 1, 2017. For a time Mansbridge shared the anchor position with Wendy Mesley , who was forced to retire after a 38-year career under a cloud for inappropriate use of language in two closed editorial meetings. A staple in Canadian living rooms since 1952

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5824-646: The CBC" in his estimation. Levitt called the Rubin report a "whitewash" and reiterated his suggestion that a federal commission should conduct a more detailed inquiry into workplace issues at the public broadcaster. During the 2015 Canadian federal election campaign, the CBC issued cease-and-desist letters to the Broadbent Institute , the Conservative Party of Canada (CPC), the Liberal Party of Canada , and

5936-580: The CBC". On September 1, 2007, the CBC became subject to the federal Access to Information Act . In accordance with the Broadcasting Act , a board of directors is responsible for the management of the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. The board is made up of 12 members, including the chair and the president and CEO. A current list of directors is available from the Canadian Governor in Council here. As of April 2021 ,

6048-464: The CBC's board of directors page lists: English (CBC) French (Radio-Canada) For the fiscal year 2006, the CBC received a total of $ 1.53 billion from all revenue sources, including parliamentary funding via taxes, subscription fees, advertising revenue, and other revenue (e.g., real estate). Expenditures for the year included $ 616 million for English television, $ 402 million for French television, $ 126 million for specialty channels,

6160-507: The CBC's secondary radio networks, CBC Music and Ici Musique , introduced limited advertising of up to four minutes an hour, but this was discontinued in 2016. In 1929, the Aird Commission on public broadcasting recommended the creation of a national radio broadcast network. A major concern was the growing influence of American radio broadcasting as U.S.-based networks began to expand into Canada. Meanwhile, Canadian National Railways

6272-478: The CPC and its executive director, Dustin Van Vugt , that the party had "engaged in the unauthorized use of copyright-protected material". Furthermore, the CBC indicated that the clips in question were "taken out of context and are edited and relied on to make partisan points for the benefit" of the CPC. In response, the CPC stated that 17 seconds of footage had been used and the video in question had been removed before

6384-527: The Canadian Broadcasting Corporation, as the national public broadcaster, should provide radio and television services incorporating a wide range of programming that informs, enlightens and entertains; ... the programming provided by the Corporation should: In June 2018, the Government of Canada launched a review of the Broadcasting Act as well as the Telecommunications Act , and the CBC mandate

6496-454: The Court held that for attribution of the source and author, the inclusion of the CBC's logo was sufficient" to meet Copyright Act requirements. The original logo of the CBC, designed by École des Beaux Arts student Hortense Binette and used between 1940 and 1958, featured a map of Canada (and from 1940 to 1949, Newfoundland ) and a thunderbolt design used to symbolize broadcasting. In 1958,

6608-700: The Dell Tavern, the Village Revue was largely based at the Bohemian Embassy. A 1965 edition, devised and starring only Baldaro and Cullen, opened there, and then transferred to the Colonnade Theatre in October, when the club was in its last year of operation in the St. Nicholas loft. In 1964, Don Cullen was cast in a revival of the British satirical revue, Beyond the Fringe , and in other ventures that took him away from Toronto. He and Peter Oomen had been left to run

6720-616: The Governor General's Award in 1966. Michael Ondaatje has said the following of Souster: "He brought many of us to the surface and we owe him everything." Souster was one of the six founders of the League of Canadian Poets in 1966. He was the League's first president from 1967 to 1972. The early 1960s were a prolific and distinguished period for Souster, culminating in his own Governor General's Award in 1964 for his Collected Poems, The Colour of

6832-689: The Pacific zone. The northern stations picked up one of these two feeds, with the western NWT stations picking up the Pacific feed. Some in northern areas of the provinces were connected by microwave to a CBC broadcast centre within their own province. Some of these stations used non-CBC call signs such as CFWH-TV in Whitehorse, CFYK in Yellowknife, CFFB in Frobisher Bay and CHAK in Inuvik, while some others used

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6944-441: The Times. "In the late 1960s, he embarked on the revision of his early poetry with a view to its reissue," a project that resulted in a Selected Poems in 1972, and the first four volumes of a now ten-volume Collected Poems in 1980, all of which were published by Oberon Press. Souster has also written fiction under the pseudonyms of "Raymond Holmes" and "John Holmes", for which he has drawn on his Air Force experience. Souster

7056-446: The Toronto AM station, Saturdays at 8:00 pm. Mary MacFadyen produced the program, which Cullen hosted, with announcer John O'Leary, and music by jazz trombonist Rob McConnell and his quartet. Guests including familiar voices, such as writers John Robert Colombo, George Miller, and Margaret Atwood, as well as an array of musicians over the weeks, but also an eclectic selection of other entertainment, announcing itself at one point as

7168-446: The achievements of his coffeehouse, he concluded, "the Bohemian Embassy was a lot of things, launched a lot of careers, but it never had much of anything to do with condos". The Bohemian Embassy condominium stands at 1169 and 1171 Queen Street West. Since the Queen Street location closed, there have been a number of reunions and other events honoring the Bohemian Embassy, often hosted by Don Cullen. He presented evenings remembering

7280-436: The air force, Souster and two friends launched their own little poetry magazine, Direction . In 1944 he placed 21 poems in the anthology Unit of Five, alongside poetry by Louis Dudek , Ronald Hambleton , P. K. Page , and James Wreford . With Dudek and Irving Layton , Souster founded Contact magazine and Contact Press in 1952. The magazine lasted only until 1954, but Contact Press put out books until 1967. Its first book

7392-406: The arts", Cullen explained. "Arts funding is down so I did something positive and reopened the Bohemian Embassy to have an outlet for a gentler and more vulnerable form of artistic expression that doesn't compete with alcohol." When John Robert Colombo declined to participate due to other commitments, Cullen engaged librarian Anita Keller as literary curator of Thursday readings, which usually featured

7504-399: The city, as well as for the marketing approach. Don Cullen, claiming the Bohemian Embassy brand, offered the developers the use of the name in return for $ 1,400 per month for five years, with $ 1,000 to go toward musical and literary events, which he would organize, keeping "$ 100 a week for my troubles". He added, "the developer's lawyer claimed I didn't have a leg to stand on". Recounting

7616-406: The club included George Miller, Dennis Lee , and John Robert Colombo , who organized the poetry reading series. As well, the venue attracted poets of earlier generations, including James Reaney , Phyllis Webb , Margaret Avison , Al Purdy , and Jay Macpherson , and Raymond Souster ran poetry workshops at the club. Folk music was a mainstay of the Bohemian Embassy, and, as a popular trend of

7728-455: The club, and Jim McCarthy to form a band, the Dirty Shames. The Halifax Three , featuring Denny Doherty , played the club, while in Toronto adding guitarist Zal Yanovsky to the lineup. They later joined forces with Cass Elliot in a group called the Mugwumps , which led Doherty into the Mamas and the Papas and Yanovsky to the Lovin' Spoonful . A few years into the coffeehouse's life on St. Nicholas, responsibility for booking folk music

7840-430: The club, the other three original investors having departed within the first year of operation. When Cullen returned in 1965, they attracted eight new investors, who subsequently determined that the Bohemian Embassy should have a manager, and another former CBC editor, Peter Churchill, was given the job. The venue, however, continued to operate for only two more months, a victim of changing times and tastes. According to

7952-634: The corporation has one digital transmitter. In fact, in its CRTC application to shut down all of its analogue television transmitters, the CBC communicated its opposition to the use of subchannels, citing, amongst other reasons, costs. CBC/R-C claims that only 1.7 percent of Canadian viewers actually lost access to CBC and Radio-Canada programming due to the very high penetration of cable and satellite. In some areas (particularly remote and rural regions), cable or satellite have long been essential for acceptable television. In 2015, after allegations that CBC Radio host Jian Ghomeshi had harassed colleagues, Ghomeshi

8064-434: The deadline. Rebroadcast transmitters account for 23 of the 48 CBC and SRC transmitters in mandatory markets. Mandatory markets losing both CBC and SRC over-the-air signals include London, Ontario (metropolitan area population 457,000) and Saskatoon , Saskatchewan (metro area 257,000). In both of those markets, the corporation's television transmitters are the only ones that were not converted to digital. On July 31, 2012,

8176-589: The early 2010s have contributed to the corporation reducing its service via the airwaves, discontinuing RCI's shortwave broadcasts as well as terrestrial television broadcasts in all communities served by network-owned rebroadcast transmitters , including communities not subject to Canada's over-the-air digital television transition . The CBC's funding is supplemented by revenue from commercial advertising on its television broadcasts. The radio service employed commercials from its inception to 1974, but since then its primary radio networks have been commercial-free. In 2013,

8288-477: The end, they're all conventional, too. No wild-eyed hippies here". Airing on Friday, November 26, 1976, at 9:30 pm, with a repeat on Sunday at 9:00, it evidently served as a pilot for a series that did not result. The Bohemian Embassy returned to the air on April 7, 1979, with a CBC radio series, The Bohemian Embassy . The one-hour program was recorded on Mondays, with an audience, at the CBC's Cabbagetown studio, 509 Parliament Street , and broadcast on CBL ,

8400-558: The first Village Revue was held over, transferring to another coffeehouse, the House of Hambourg, late in March and running until April 8. A second edition opened September 1, 1961, with many of the same cast members, though now including Carol Robinson and without Ralph Hicklin's participation, and was presented at Centre Stage, a proper theatrical venue, not at the coffeehouse. It met with disappointed critical reception, Wendy Michener stating that

8512-759: The first such coverage in 1985, though because it happened during the Stanley Cup playoffs, equipment was already spoken for, so CBC rented the equipment of CITV-TV Edmonton to use in Whitehorse that evening. The CRTC ordered that in 28 "mandatory markets", full power over-the-air analogue television transmitters had to cease transmitting by August 31, 2011. Broadcasters could either continue serving those markets by transitioning analogue transmitters to digital or cease broadcasting over-the-air. Cable, IPTV, and satellite services are not involved or affected by this digital transition deadline. While its fellow Canadian broadcasters converted most of their transmitters to digital by

8624-610: The former head of CBC Radio, and Todd Spencer, the head of human resources for English services". In a Toronto Star article by Jacques Gallant from May 11, 2016, public relations expert Martin Waxman spoke of a "damning indictment" of the CBC which included the following comment. "Yes, they did their inquiry, but if I were the CBC, I would think strongly about what is wrong with the culture and what they can do to repair it", he said. The Star also quoted employment lawyer Howard Levitt stating that "harassment has not been fully addressed at

8736-479: The future sean o huigan , and, after she married her musical collaborator in the duo Ian and Sylvia , Sylvia Tyson . That evening also included poetry from Gwendolyn MacEwen , a talk on commercialism and art by Libby Jones, a stripper then also appearing at the Lux burlesque house. Gwendolyn MacEwen began reading her poetry at the Bohemian Embassy while she too was still a teenager. Other younger poets associated with

8848-440: The late 1990s, CBC Radio was rebranded as CBC Radio One and CBC Stereo as CBC Radio Two. The latter was rebranded slightly in 2007 as CBC Radio 2 .) On July 1, 1958, the CBC's television signal was extended from coast to coast. The first Canadian television show shot in colour was the CBC's own The Forest Rangers in 1963. Colour television broadcasts commenced on July 1, 1966, and full-colour service began in 1974. In 1978,

8960-421: The lawsuit was filed, and expressed "grave concern that this decision was made on the eve of an election that CBC is to be covering fairly and objectively". Intellectual property academic Michael Geist stated that the use of the footage was likely covered by fair dealing provisions. CBC President and CEO Catherine Tait contends that she does not believe that the use of journalistic material for partisan ads

9072-474: The lease expired, after less than a year of operation, the Embassy closed, on May 9, 1992. Keller moved the reading series to the Spadina Hotel , and, optimistically, Cullen claimed that he was seeking a new location, but this turned out to be the final edition of the Bohemian Embassy as a coffeehouse and site of cultural production. In 2006, Baywood Homes began developing a condominium complex to be called

9184-737: The logo's red colour also represents Canada in a symbolic way. With the launch of the current design, new television idents were introduced in November of that year, also using CGI. Since the early 2000s, it has also appeared in white (sometimes red) on a textured or coloured background. It is now CBC/Radio-Canada's longest-used logo, surpassing the original incarnation of the Gem logo and the CBC's 1940 logo. CBC television slogans have been periodically updated: Notable CBC alumni have included future Governors General of Canada Jeanne Sauvé , Adrienne Clarkson , and Michaëlle Jean , as well as future Quebec premier René Lévesque . Knowlton Nash , whose career at

9296-542: The manner of the NBC peacock logo . It was used at the beginning of programs broadcast in colour and was used until all CBC television programs had switched to colour. A sketch on the CBC Television program Wayne & Shuster once referred to this as the logo of the "Cosmic Butterfly Corporation". The fourth logo, known internally as "the gem", was designed for the CBC by graphic artist Burton Kramer in December 1974, and it

9408-459: The memory, catching a moment as it flies." Souster was the Canadian poet of his generation most overtly interested in, and influenced by, the contemporary American scene. He was first attracted to Henry Miller , and later entered into lasting friendships and correspondence with Robert Creeley and Cid Corman . Souster won the Governor General's Award in 1964 for The Colour of the Times. He

9520-400: The middle is the letter C, which stands for Canada; the radiating parts of the C symbolize broadcasting, and the blue circle the logo was placed in represented the world, so the entire logo, according to Kramer, represented the idea of "Canada broadcasting to the world". The original theme music for the 1974 CBC ident was a three-note woodwind orchestral fanfare accompanied by the voiceover "This

9632-572: The moment, a money-maker. Mary Jane and Winston Young had a Friday-night residency for several years. In addition to Sylvia Fricker's regular appearances, Ian and Sylvia later performed regularly, once bringing their manager-to-be Albert Grossman to hear them play a set. Gordon Lightfoot appeared when playing in a duo called the Two Tones. While still a student, Amos Garrett accompanied Embassy regular, folk singer Chick Roberts, and they soon joined with Carol Robinson, who appeared in revues at

9744-474: The neighborhood, protested against the development with an installation and video project that parodied the developers' advertising, called Bohemian Embarrassment . The project attracted criticism from at least two prominent critics of architecture and planning in Toronto, John Bentley Mays of the Globe and Mail and the Toronto Star 's Christopher Hume, for the design of the buildings and their scale, in that area of

9856-403: The offending material, and as such, the CBC did not pursue them further for these alleged infractions in 2015. In October 2019, two weeks before the 2019 Canadian federal election , the CBC sued the CPC for using excerpts from its leaders' debates in campaign material. The CBC petitioned for an injunction against the CPC continuing to use the excerpts as well as seeking an acknowledgement from

9968-480: The organization, appealed to Queen Elizabeth II and Ontario premier Leslie Frost "for support, moral and otherwise ... to halt what now appears obvious and unwarranted persecution", and received a letter from the premier promising to "look into this matter and see what your problem is". After three previous acquittals, on November 29, 1962, charges were dismissed when it was determined that the facilities seated fewer than 100—the police said they counted 100–115 chairs;

10080-452: The owners maintained that there were 75, and benches that seated "18 people if they were all fat and 24 people if they were thin"—and thus that the public-hall law did not apply. The Bohemian Embassy quickly became a key venue for Toronto's younger poets, musicians—principally folk, jazz, and blues—alternative theatre, and satirical revues. Generally, poetry was programmed on Thursday evenings, folk music on Fridays, jazz on Saturdays, including

10192-655: The performance areas at the annual festival in Orillia , Ontario, is called the Bohemian Embassy Stage. In 2007, Cullen published a memoir, The Bohemian Embassy; Memories and Poems , and in 2010 Behind the Bohemian Embassy , a feature-length documentary about "Canada's wordiest landmark", was released and broadcast on the Bravo! television service, on July 19 of that year. A musical group named The Bohemian Embassy, describing itself as "a psychedelic alternative rock band from

10304-458: The radio station CJRT-FM , that attracted a total audience of about 1,000. Staff contracts expired on March 31, 1976, and were not renewed, and this incarnation of the Bohemian Embassy closed that Wednesday night. A few months after the Harbourfront venue closed, Don Cullen hosted a television edition of the Bohemian Embassy, as an episode of the Global Television variety series, Caught in

10416-536: The south west of England," was formed in the late 2000s. Canadian Broadcasting Corporation The Canadian Broadcasting Corporation ( French : Société Radio-Canada ), branded as CBC/Radio-Canada , is the Canadian public broadcaster for both radio and television . It is a Crown corporation that serves as the national public broadcaster, with its English-language and French-language service units known as CBC and Radio-Canada , respectively. Although some local stations in Canada predate its founding,

10528-632: The standard CB_T callsign but with five letters (e.g. CBDHT). Uplinks in the North were usually a temporary unit brought in from the south. A ground station uplink was later established in Yellowknife, and then in Whitehorse and Iqaluit. Television programs originating in the North began in 1979 with the monthly news magazine Our Ways , produced in Yellowknife, and graduated to half-hour newscasts ( Northbeat and Igalaaq ) on weekdays in 1995. Until then, there were occasional temporary uplinks for such things as territorial election returns coverage; Yukon had

10640-530: The stations were reconfigured in 1973 to receive CBC Television programming from the Anik satellite in colour and live with the rest of Canada. Those serving the largest centres signed on with colour broadcasts on February 5, 1973, and most of the others were added before spring of that year. Broadcasts were geared to either the Atlantic Time Zone (UTC−4 or −3), originating from Halifax and later St. John's , or

10752-418: The time of the day behind a translucent CBC gem logo, accompanied by different arrangements of the CBC's new, synthesized five-note jingle. The logo was changed to one colour, generally dark blue on white, or white on dark blue, in 1986. Print ads and most television promos, however, have always used a single-colour version of this logo since 1974. During 1986, they use gold platings on their idents to commemorate

10864-546: The time, all private stations were expected to affiliate with the CBC, a condition that relaxed in 1960–61 with the launch of CTV . From 1944 to 1962, the CBC split its English-language radio network into two services known as the Trans-Canada Network and the Dominion Network . The latter, carrying lighter programs including American radio shows, was dissolved in 1962, while the former became known as CBC Radio. (In

10976-491: The venue did not match the plans for a cultural salon that Cullen proposed. The partners rented a third-floor loft, in the 1907 William Wilson Livery Storage Building, at 7 St. Nicholas Street, a laneway running north of Wellesley Street and one short block west of Yonge Street . It was near the University of Toronto and on the edge of Toronto's bohemian enclave and art district, the Gerrard Street Village. The name,

11088-721: The venue on June 22, 2001, at the Rhino Bar, in West Queen West, and on July 10, 2002, at the Victory Café, on Markham Street , in Mirvish Village . Another followed the next year, on September 13, 2003, at Hugh's Room , on Dundas Street West. The earlier events had presented younger talent, but this was more of an actual reunion, with George Miller, John Robert Colombo, Sharon Hampson and Bram Morrison , and Peter Kastner joining Cullen on stage. Several years later, in 2009, Lit City,

11200-598: The virtues of its original makeshift production and intimate setting had been lost. The Revue returned to St. Nicholas Street for its third edition, in April 1962, with a smaller cast, playing four weeks, and earning positive notices from top-rung critics Cohen and Herbert Whittaker of the Globe and Mail . Except for a summer 1963 edition presented at the Theatre at the Dell, the upstairs lounge of

11312-511: The week—Tuesdays, poetry; Wednesdays, theatre and dance; Thursdays, chamber music; Fridays, rock, with late-night jazz; Saturday folk music and hootenannys; and Sundays, comedy—but capacity was considerably greater, seating 500. Among the performers on the first weekend July 5–7: jazz musician Cathy Moses, folk musicians David Essig , Ginger Graham, and Tom Gallant, and a comedy revue featuring Martin Bronstein , Carol Robinson, and Don Cullen and

11424-512: Was Cerberus, an anthology of poetry by the trio. All three would be prolific writers for Contact Press over the next decade. Contact Press published Souster's Selected Poems , edited by Dudek, in 1956, which brought Souster his first serious critical attention. In 1956, under the Contact Press imprint, Souster brought out a small booklet titled "Experiment 1923-29." It contained the modernist poetry that Canadian poet W.W.E. Ross had written in

11536-509: Was awarded a Centennial Medal in 1967. Hanging In (1979) won the City of Toronto Book Award in 1980. Raymond Souster was named an Officer of the Order of Canada in 1995. The Order of Canada website says of him: "One of Canada's most important, widely-read and enduring poets, he has been a vital force for the renewal of poetry since the 1940s. His poems describe life in Toronto, ordinary people and

11648-434: Was ceded to Jazz After Eight . The Bohemian Embassy returned as a physical venue in 1991, in a second-floor loft on Queen Street West, then a hub of Toronto's art and music scene. Cullen collaborated with Embassy habitué George Miller, singer-songwriter Michal Hasek, classical musician Eun-Jung Yoo, and stage manager Dan O'Reilly to start the new enterprise. "Sometimes it's necessary to go back to square one and community in

11760-504: Was charged by police with multiple counts of sexual assault but was found not guilty of all but one of these in March 2016. He was to be tried in June on the last remaining charge, relating to a complainant who had also worked at CBC; her name was later revealed to be Kathryn Borel . On May 11, 2016, however, the Crown withdrew the charge after Ghomeshi signed a peace bond (which does not include an admission of guilt) and apologized to Borel. Borel

11872-630: Was critical of the CBC for its handling of her initial complaint about Ghomeshi's behaviour. "When I went to the CBC for help, what I received in return was a directive that, yes, he could do this and, yes, it was my job to let him", she told the assembled media representatives. The CBC apologized to Borel publicly on May 11 in a statement by the head of public affairs Chuck Thompson. "What Ms. Borel experienced in our workplace should never have happened and we sincerely apologize ...", he stated. The corporation has also maintained that it had accepted Rubin's report and had "since made significant progress" on

11984-643: Was given to Mitch Podolak , later co-founder of the Winnipeg Folk Festival , and he signed Joni Mitchell to perform at the Embassy. In addition to burgeoning, homegrown Canadian talent, the Bohemian Embassy was a Toronto venue for higher-profile performers, often booked to play Wednesdays through Sundays, among them, from the United States, the Rev. Gary Davis , Mike Seeger , Len Chandler , as well as Canadian Bonnie Dobson . One night, Bob Dylan dropped in for

12096-519: Was hired as a replacement, later to expand his portfolio by starting the Toronto International Festival of Authors . Similarly, Mark Breslin started as an announcer and host for open-talent nights, and he soon took on other programming responsibilities, and shortly established the nightclub Yuk Yuk's , the foundation for a Canadian comedy regime. Funded by federal money, the Bohemian Embassy offered its programs free of charge, and

12208-607: Was making a radio network to entertain its passengers and give it an advantage over its rival, CP. This, the CNR Radio, is the forerunner of the CBC. Graham Spry and Alan Plaunt lobbied intensely for the project on behalf of the Canadian Radio League . In 1932, the government of R. B. Bennett established the CBC's predecessor, the Canadian Radio Broadcasting Commission (CRBC). The CRBC took over

12320-569: Was much to admire". Late in 1963, in December, while also playing across town at the Crest theatre, Jackie Burroughs was scheduled to appear in a program of the Theatre of the Absurd . A stage production to emerge from the Bohemian Embassy that had a sustained history was the Village Revue , a satirical program originated by Barrie Baldaro and Ralph Hicklin. The first edition opened February 27, 1961. It featured

12432-595: Was placed on leave; his employment was terminated in October when the CBC indicated that they had "graphic evidence" that he had injured a female employee. The corporation commissioned an independent investigation. The resulting report by Janice Rubin, a partner at the law firm Rubin Thomlinson LLP, discussed employee complaints about Ghomeshi that were not seriously considered by the CBC. Rubin concluded that CBC management had "failed to take adequate steps" when it became aware of Ghomeshi's "problematic behaviour". Ghomeshi

12544-403: Was the most popular of Harbourfront's operations. Program director Cullen estimated that it attracted about 500 each weekend night, and 150 to 200 on Wednesdays and Thursdays. By spring 1975, however, with administrative changes at Harbourfront, cuts in funding and in programming followed. Having started with an annual budget of $ 100,000, Cullen reported that by 1976 he was having to operate on $ 500

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