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65-476: Boars Hill is a hamlet 3 miles (5 km) southwest of Oxford , straddling the boundary between the civil parishes of Sunningwell and Wootton . It consists of about 360 dwellings spread over an area of nearly two square miles as shown on this map from the long established Boars Hill Association . Historically, it was part of Berkshire until the 1974 boundary changes transferred it to Oxfordshire . The earliest known record of Boars Hill (or Boreshill)

130-565: A buurtschap officially is a part of another place (e.g. Bartlehiem , part of Wyns ). In Pakistan, a hamlet is called a gaaon گاؤں or mauza موضع in Urdu , giraaan گراں or pind پنڈ in Punjabi , and kalay کلې in Pashto . It is almost synonymous to 'village'. In Poland, the law recognises a number of different kinds of rural settlement . Przysiółek (which can be translated as "hamlet") refers to

195-404: A dorp (village), no infrastructure (i.e. no inn, no school, no store) and contains often only one street, bearing the same name. The houses and farms of a gehucht or a buurtschap can be scattered. Though there are strong similarities between a gehucht and buurtschap , the words are not interchangeable. A gehucht officially counts as an independent place of residence (e.g. Wateren ), while

260-490: A first class degree in Literae Humaniores in 1885. He was ordained and became fellow , chaplain , and lecturer at Trinity College in 1887. He then became tutor in 1892, senior tutor and junior bursar in 1898. In February 1907, the president of Trinity Henry Francis Pelham died suddenly in office. Blakiston was elected as his successor the following month. Blakiston was not the college fellows' first choice for

325-426: A cluster of farms. Osada (which is typically translated as "settlement" but also can be translated as "hamlet") includes smaller settlements especially differing by type of buildings or inhabited by population connected with some place or workplace (like mill settlements, forest settlements, fishing settlements, railway settlements, former State Agricultural Farm settlements). They can be an independent settlement, or

390-454: A distinction was often that selo has a church and derevnia has not. The once common Russian word хутор ( khutor ) for the smallest type of rural settlement (arguably closest in nature to the English hamlet) is now mostly obsolete. The state of USSR wanted to have some form of basic infrastructure and central authority at each and every settlement. Obviously, this is the opposite of a hamlet -

455-451: A few houses in the rural outskirts of a village. In Ukraine, a very small village such as a hamlet usually is called a selyshche or khutir . There also existed such places like volia , sloboda , huta , buda , and others. In England , the word hamlet (having the French origin given at the top of this article) means (in current usage) simply a small settlement, maybe of

520-414: A few houses or farms, smaller than a village. However, traditionally and legally, it means a village or a town without a church, although hamlets are recognised as part of land use planning policies and administration. Historically, it may refer to a secondary settlement in a civil parish , after the main settlement (if any); such an example is the hamlet of Chipping being the secondary settlement within

585-537: A few months) Robert Nichols . Bridges' wife Monica Bridges lived there until 1943, when it was hit by a bomb, their daughter, the poet Elizabeth Daryush , continued to live after it was repaired on the hill until her death in 1977. Robert Bridges lived at Chilswell House, which was purchased circa 1963 by the Carmelite order for use as a priory and retreat. The hill was also the home of Gilbert Murray , famous for his verse translations of classical Greek drama, and later

650-470: A hamlet can be traced back to Norman England , where the Old French hamelet came to apply to small human settlements. The word comes from Anglo-Norman hamelet , corresponding to Old French hamelet , the diminutive of Old French hamel meaning a little village. This, in turn, is a diminutive of Old French ham , possibly borrowed from ( West Germanic ) Franconian languages . It

715-894: A hamlet is called a "bigha" . In state of Karnataka , a hamlet is known by different names like Palya , Hadi (Haadi), Keri , and Padi (Paadi). In olden days, the human population of hamlet was less than Halli (Village) or Ooru (Uru). But in the 20th century with tremendous increase in population, some of these hamlets have become villages, towns, cities or merged with them. All over Indonesia , hamlets are translated as "small village", desa or kampung . They are known as dusun in Central Java and East Java, banjar in Bali, jorong or kampuang in West Sumatra . The Dutch words for hamlet are gehucht or buurtschap . A gehucht or buurtschap has, compared to

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780-430: A hamlet lacks a compact core settlement and lacks a central building such as a church or inn. However, some hamlets ( Kirchwiler ) may have grown up as an unplanned settlement around a church. There is no population limit that defines a hamlet and some hamlets have a larger population than some of the smallest municipalities. Generally there are no street names in a hamlet; rather, addresses are given by hamlet name and

845-492: A house and observatory on Boars Hill in 1910 and she lived there until 1956. Sir Frederick Keeble , FRS and his wife, the noted actress Lillah McCarthy built a house, Hammels, from old timbers and lived there in the 1920s. During the 1930s, Boars Hill was home to an infamous family of left-wing revolutionaries and intellectuals known as the Carritt family , notable for their deep involvement in anti-fascist activism, activism within

910-525: A house called Powder Hill, and entertained Horace Plunkett , Sir William Beveridge , Gilbert Murray ,  John Masefield  and  Robert Bridges . The husband and wife historians Hugh Trevor Lambrick and Gabrielle Lambrick lived here. The composer Lennox Berkeley was born in Sunningwell Plains, Boar’s Hill, in 1903. The historian Basil Joseph Mathews (1879–1951) lived at Triangle Cottage. Catherine Octavia Stevens , astronomer, built

975-506: A larger entity (e.g. parish or municipality ). In Spain, the hamlet is one of the categories in the official gazetteer of population entities. In the Royal Order and Instruction of the 8 of March 1930, issued for the elaboration of the Annual gazetteer, the hamlet ( aldea ) is defined as the population entity with the smallest population and neighbourhood, usually more disseminated than

1040-640: A modern house on its site, preserving the Victorian gardens. (Those of Margaret Woods, Robert Bridges and Gilbert Murray burnt down.) Herbert Edward Douglas Blakiston , for many years President of Trinity College, Oxford , and Vice-Chancellor of the University of Oxford , lived in Boar's Hill from his retirement in 1938 until his death in 1942, after he was struck by a car while walking in Boar's Hill. The political scientist and public servant W. G. S. Adams lived there, at

1105-500: A number. House numbers might start at one side of the hamlet and continue to the other side or may have no clear organization. A hamlet may form or have formed a Bürgergemeinde (legal place of citizenship regardless of where a person was born or currently lives) and may own common property for the Bürgergemeinde . In Turkey , a hamlet is known as a mezra and denotes a small satellite settlement usually consisting of

1170-456: A parent commune . In the Russian language, there are several words which mean "a hamlet", but all of them are approximately equivalent. The most common word is деревня ( derevnia , the word meant "an arable" in the past); the words село ( selo , from the Russian word селиться ( selit'tsa ), meaning "to settle") and посёлок ( posiolok ) are quite frequently used, too. Parallel to many other cultures,

1235-403: A part of another settlement, like a village. In Romania , hamlets are called cătune (singular: cătun ), and they represent villages that contain several houses at most. They are legally considered villages, and statistically, they are placed in the same category. Like villages, they do not have a separate administration, and thus are not an administrative division, but are part of

1300-529: A photograph in 1943 by Allan Gwynne-Jones . Blakiston wrote articles for the Dictionary of National Biography , including the entry for the explorer Thomas Blakiston . In 1894, he wrote an English translation of several of Cicero 's works, including the Catiline Orations and Pro Milone . He wrote a brief work on Durham College, Oxford and a meticulously-researched history of Trinity College that

1365-460: A place without either for being too small to meaningfully support those. Even without state pressure, once one of the neighboring khutor s got a permanent shop, school, community center (known in Russia as дом культуры, "house of culture"), maybe a medical post, others would naturally relocate closer, drawing together into one village. Thus, the diminutive form деревенька ( derevenka , tiny derevnia )

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1430-531: A racial tone as Balliol admitted a number of Asian students. Although he was under no compulsion to retire from the College Presidency, he did so on 1 September 1938, having held the post for 31 years. He was succeeded by John Weaver . After living at Trinity College for 57 years, Blakiston moved to Boars Hill , near Oxford. On 28 July 1942, he was struck by a motorist while walking in Boars Hill; he died

1495-540: A specific service, such as water, sewer, or lighting to provide only that hamlet with services. A hamlet could be described as the rural or suburban equivalent of a neighborhood in a city or village. The area of a hamlet may not be exactly defined; it may be designated by the Census Bureau , or it may rely on some other form of border (such as a ZIP Code , school district or fire district for more urbanized areas; rural hamlets are typically only demarcated by speed zones on

1560-453: A viewpoint from which to see the famous vistas that had been hidden by development. The surrounding trees have continued to grow taller, and the views are again obscured. Evans left most of his estate to the Boy Scouts and Youlbury Camp is still available for their use. Several sites on Boars Hill, including Jarn Mound, Matthew Arnold Field and land on the north side of the hill with views of

1625-458: A village. The term Lieu-dit is also applied to hamlets, but this can also refer to uninhabited localities. During the 18th century, it was fashionable for rich or noble people to create their own hameau in their gardens . This was a group of houses or farms with rustic appearance, but in fact very comfortable. The best known are the Hameau de la Reine built by the queen Marie-Antoinette in

1690-584: Is ferm toun , used in the specific case of a farm settlement, including outbuildings and agricultural workers' homes. The term hamlet was used in Wales to denote a geographical subdivision of a parish (which might or might not contain a settlement). Elsewhere, mostly in England, these subdivisions were called "townships" or "tithings". The Welsh word for "hamlet" is pentrefan (also pentrefyn ). Both these words are diminutives of pentref ("village") with

1755-510: Is also used for designating small groups of rural dwellings or farmhouses. A hamlet in Spain is a human settlement, usually located in rural areas, and typically smaller in size and population than a village (called in Spain, pueblo Spanish: [ˈpweβlo] ). The hamlet is a common territorial organisation in the North West of Spain ( Asturias , Cantabria and Galicia ) dependent on

1820-450: Is from the 12th century. The greater part of Boars Hill was historically a manor of the parish of Cumnor until the 19th century when the parish of Wootton was formed. Until the late 19th century the hill was almost bare and had fine views - northwards to the city of Oxford, southwards to the Downs and westwards to the upper Thames valley. At that time many houses were built on Boars Hill, and

1885-500: Is in widespread, albeit unofficial, use to denote such settlements, which mostly possess the amenities of a village yet the size of hamlet. In Spain , a hamlet is called lugar , aldea or cortijada ( Spanish: [koɾtiˈxaða] ). The word comes from the Spanish term cortijo («estate»). In the South of Spain, the term caserío ( Spanish: [kaseˈɾi.o] )

1950-494: Is part of a larger municipality. In different states of India , there are different words for hamlet. In Haryana and Rajasthan , it is called " dhani " ( Hindi : ढाणी ḍhāṇī ) or "Thok" . In Gujarat , a hamlet is called a "nesada" , which are more prevalent in the Gir forest . In Maharashtra , it is called a "pada" . In southern Bihar, especially in the Magadh division ,

2015-489: Is part of the Roman Catholic parish of North Hinksey . The first poet to leave a record of a visit to the hill was Arthur Hugh Clough . In his diary for 1841, edited by Anthony Kenny , he describes how a walk across the hill inspired the ninth of his 'Blank misgivings of a creature moving about in worlds not realized'; however, he was concerned over his family's financial straits and his impending final exams, and he found

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2080-442: Is related to the modern French hameau , Dutch heem , Frisian hiem , German Heim , Old English hām , and Modern English home . In Afghanistan , the counterpart of the hamlet is the qala ( Dari : قلعه, Pashto : کلي) meaning "fort" or "hamlet". The Afghan qala is a fortified group of houses, generally with its own community building such as a mosque, but without its own marketplace. The qala

2145-450: Is the smallest type of settlement in Afghan society, outsized by the village ( Dari / Pashto : ده), which is larger and includes a commercial area. In Canada's three territories , hamlets are officially designated municipalities . As of January 1, 2010: In Canada's provinces, hamlets are usually small unincorporated communities within a larger municipality (similar to civil townships in

2210-577: The Communist Party of Great Britain , and academic achievements within Oxford University . Famous members of the Carritt family who lived in Boars Hill include: The Carritt family's home in Boars Hill became famous as a hub for left-wing intellectual debate, attracting a wide number of people including communist trade union leader Abraham Lazarus , multiple labour politicians including Dick Crossman ,

2275-506: The Town of Hempstead , with a population of over 50,000, are more populous than some incorporated cities in the state. In Oregon , specifically in Clackamas County , a hamlet is a form of local government for small communities that allows the citizens therein to organize and co-ordinate community activities. Hamlets do not provide services, such as utilities or fire protection, and do not have

2340-401: The lugar , though its buildings can be also organised in streets and plazas. In the four national languages, hamlets are known as Weiler (German), hameaux (French), frazioni (Italian) and fracziun ( Romansh ). A hamlet is always part of a larger municipality or may be shared between two municipalities. The difference between a hamlet and a village is that typically

2405-618: The "dreaming spires" of Oxford, are now owned by the Oxford Preservation Trust . From 1933 to 1975 Boars Hill was the home of Ripon Hall . When Ripon Hall moved to Cuddesdon, the site became known as Foxcombe Hall, and was the regional headquarters of the Open University . In 2016 the site was purchased by Peking University. From 1955 to the mid-1970s, Boar's Hill was home to Plater College . Some digs in 2002 near Lincombe Lane cul-de-sac, 3 metres left and 8 metres forward of

2470-538: The 10,000-person threshold that can choose to incorporate as a city in Alberta. As such, these two hamlets have been further designated by the Province of Alberta as urban service areas . An urban service area is recognized as equivalent to a city for the purposes of provincial and federal program delivery and grant eligibility. A hamlet, French: hameau , is a group of rural dwellings, usually too small to be considered

2535-476: The United States), such as many communities within the single-tier municipalities of Ontario , Alberta 's specialized and rural municipalities, and Saskatchewan 's rural municipalities. Canada's two largest hamlets— Fort McMurray (formerly incorporated as a city) and Sherwood Park —are located in Alberta. They each have populations, within their main urban area, in excess of 60,000—well in excess of

2600-467: The authority to levy taxes or fees. There are four hamlets in Oregon: Beavercreek , Mulino , Molalla Prairie , and Stafford . In Vietnam , a hamlet ( xóm , ấp ) is the smallest unofficial administrative unit. It is a subdivision of a commune or township ( xã ). Herbert Edward Douglas Blakiston Herbert Edward Douglas Blakiston (5 September 1862 – 29 July 1942)

2665-415: The barrenness of the scene under a grey February sky depressing. When Matthew Arnold came up to Oxford later in 1841, Clough introduced him to Boars Hill, which later provided the inspiration and setting for two of his best-known poems, The Scholar Gipsy (1853) and Thyrsis (1866), the latter written in memory of Clough. The famous phrase in the latter "the dreaming spires" encouraged people to visit

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2730-519: The civil parish of Buckland . Hamlets may have been formed around a single source of economic activity such as a farm, mill, mine or harbour that employed its working population. Some hamlets may be the result of the depopulation of a village ; examples of such a hamlet are Graby and Shapwick . Because of the hilly topography of the parish, the village of Clent , situated on the Clent Hills , consists of five distinct hamlets. In Northern Ireland ,

2795-595: The classicist Leighton Durham Reynolds , Emeritus Professor of Classical Languages and Literature, until his death in 1999. Other notable residents were the sculptor Oscar Nemon who fled from Nazi rule in Vienna in 1938, and the archaeologist Sir Arthur Evans who lived on Boars Hill from 1894 until his death in 1941. His house, Youlbury , notable for its Minoan decoration, was bought after his death by his next-door-neighbour Arthur Lehman Goodhart , who later demolished it. Goodhart's son William Goodhart, Baron Goodhart built

2860-559: The common Irish place name element baile is sometimes considered equivalent to the term hamlet in English, although baile would actually have referred to what is known in English today as a townland : that is to say, a geographical locality rather than a small village. In the Scottish Highlands , the term clachan , of Gaelic derivation, may be preferred to the term hamlet . Also found in Scotland more generally

2925-504: The families of former-students who had been killed to offer condolences. After the war, he devoted much effort to a new library that was to be their memorial. He wrote 1200 letters asking for donations, partially designed the building himself and paid five percent of its cost from his own pocket. The library was eventually opened in 1928. Blakiston was later described as unsociable, snobbish, parsimonious and obsessed with finance. He had few close friends and made enemies easily. His racism

2990-589: The first bend in the road, left of the footpath, uncovered underground walls and a hearth 6 foot deep, which are alleged to be a Roman kiln. From 1976 to 1996, Warnborough College , occupied the former Plater College facilities, the Bishop's palace of the Diocese of Oxford , and Yatscombe Hall, having moved from Warnborough Road in North Oxford . The college attracted controversy due to alleged links to Oxford University and

3055-495: The hill and settle there. Three prominent poets lived on the hill, the first being Margaret Louisa Woods in the 1880s. She was followed by Robert Bridges and John Masefield , successive Poets Laureate . For a couple of years after the First World War, they were joined by three of the war poets: Robert Graves - Masefield's tenant - and Edmund Blunden , both future Oxford Professors of Poetry (as Arnold had been) and (for

3120-574: The loose meaning of "small village". In Mississippi , a 2009 state law (§ 17-27-5) set aside the term "municipal historical hamlet" to designate any former city, town, or village with a current population of less than 600 inhabitants that lost its charter before 1945. The first such designation was applied to Bogue Chitto, Lincoln County . In New York, hamlets are unincorporated settlements within towns . Hamlets are not legal entities and have no local government or official boundaries. Their approximate locations will often be noted on road signs, however,

3185-546: The mountains) or scattered (more often in the plains). In North West Germany, a group of scattered farms is called Bauerschaft . In a Weiler, there are no street names, the houses are just numbered. There is no legal definition of a hamlet in Germany. In Bavaria, like in Austria, a Weiler is defined as a settlement with 3 to 9 dwellings, from 10 houses it is called a village. A hamlet does not usually form its own administrative unit, but

3250-404: The new residents planted trees and erected fences and walls; within a few decades they had hidden the celebrated views from all but a few places. Boars Hill does not have its own Church of England parish church . As it straddles two parishes the respective parts of Boars Hill are served by St. Peters, Wootton and St. Leonard's, Sunningwell. St. Thomas More Roman Catholic chapel in Boars Hill

3315-548: The next day in the Radcliffe Infirmary without regaining consciousness. His funeral took place in the Trinity College chapel and his ashes were interred in the antechapel. He left £100,055 in his will. His bequests were to Oxford University and Trinity College for the purchase of works of art. Trinity College owns two portraits of him. One painted in 1932 by the chemist Cyril Norman Hinshelwood and one painted from

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3380-496: The novelist Iris Murdoch , and numerous poets including WH Auden and Stephen Spender . The Carritt family were also friends with another family of left-wing activists which lived close to them called the Thompsons, whose famous members included the historian E. P. Thompson and his brother Frank Thompson . The children of both families attended Dragon School together. Arthur Evans had Jarn Mound built (by hand), built to create

3445-503: The park of the Château de Versailles , and the Hameau de Chantilly built by Louis Joseph, Prince of Condé in Chantilly, Oise . The German word for hamlet is Weiler ( German: [ˈva͡ɪlɐ] ). A Weiler has, compared to a Dorf (village), no infrastructure (i.e. no inn, no school, no store, no church). The houses and farms of a Weiler can be grouped (in the hills and

3510-450: The presidency. The vice-president Robert Raper was the preferred candidate. But Raper turned the position down, citing his advancing age as an obstacle. During his presidency, Blakiston continued in the role of chaplain and sometimes conducted services in the Trinity College chapel, he also served as the estates bursar of Trinity from 1915 to 1938. Outside of Trinity College, Blakiston had also been appointed university proctor in 1899. He

3575-568: The remainder of his life. Herbert's brother Charles was killed in a firearm accident at the age of 24 in October 1887. A house surgeon at the Salop Infirmary , Shrewsbury , Charles was accidentally shot in the back while hunting rabbits with a colleague. William, the youngest brother, was 19 when he accidentally fell under a train at Charing Cross Station on the night of 1 October 1889; he died in hospital some days later. The third brother John

3640-431: The roads serving them). Others, such as Forestville, New York , will be the remnants of former villages, with borders coextant with the previously defined borders of the defunct or dissolved village. Some hamlets proximate to urban areas are sometimes continuous with their cities and appear to be neighborhoods, but they still are under the jurisdiction of the town. Some localities designated as hamlets, such as Levittown in

3705-471: The university (in his words) was "almost empty". He was effective in this role although his health was affected by the strain of the additional responsibilities. Blakiston was devoted to his college and its students. He had the lifelong habit of keeping clippings from The Times that mentioned any former student. He was badly affected by the deaths of 155 Trinity men during the First World War, many known to him personally. In many cases he personally visited

3770-492: Was a descendant of Sir Matthew Blakiston , the Lord Mayor of London from 1760 to 1761; he was the great-grandson of Sir Matthew Blakiston, 2nd Baronet Blakiston . Herbert Blakiston was the eldest of six children; he had two sisters and three brothers. All four brothers attended Tonbridge School , with Herbert being there from 1876 to 1881. As he wore glasses he acquired the nickname "Blinks" in school, which followed him for

3835-575: Was a telegraph clerk. He was one of seven killed while defending Mazowe , Zimbabwe (then Rhodesia ) on 18 June 1896 during the Second Matabele War . In 1908 the vicarage at East Grinsted was destroyed in a fire, leaving Douglas Blakiston liable for £1000 as the building was under-insured. Herbert Blakiston's sisters, Mabel and Emily, died in 1910 and 1912. His mother also died in 1912, and his father died in 1914. Blakiston matriculated at Trinity College, Oxford, in October 1881. He gained

3900-452: Was an English academic and clergyman who served as president of Trinity College, Oxford , and as vice-chancellor of the University of Oxford . Herbert Blakiston was born in Hastings the son of artist Douglas Yeoman Blakiston and Sophia Matilda Dent. His father subsequently became a clergyman and the family moved to the vicarage of St Swithun's Church, East Grinstead . Blakistone

3965-543: Was built on the site by Millgate Homes. Boars Hill is twice mentioned in the 1945 novel Brideshead Revisited by Evelyn Waugh (1903–1966). First, Cousin Jasper advises the young Charles Ryder upon his coming up to Oxford , "Keep clear of Boar's Hill." In contrast, Sebastian Flyte describes a model student at Oxford as one who "smokes a great pipe and plays hockey and goes out to tea on Boar's Hill and to lectures at Keble ...". Hamlet (place) The word and concept of

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4030-473: Was eventually sued with the site repossessed. Soon after the repossession squatters moved in and the site of the former Bishop's palace and Yatscombe Hall has been subject to numerous planning disputes ever since. Yatscombe Hall was destroyed by fire in December 2003 and all the buildings on the site were demolished and a retirement village was planned. However eventually a development of a four large country homes

4095-481: Was largely responsible for college admissions and developed a particular notoriety for refusing applications to Trinity from non-white and mixed-race candidates. Notably, he stubbornly resisted pressure from the India Office to admit undergraduates from British India , something that government department was attempting to promote. During this time, the traditional rivalry between Trinity and Balliol College took on

4160-484: Was notable even by the standards of the time and he became notorious for it. He was strongly against Oxford degrees being awarded to women, which began while he served as university vice-chancellor and in spite of all he could to do oppose it. The central character in Joanna Cannan 's 1931 satirical novel High Table , Theodore Fletcher, is a thinly-disguised, cruel caricature of him. During his presidency, Blakiston

4225-535: Was the university auditor from 1903 to 1917 and became a member of the Hebdomadal Council in 1915. During the First World War , many Trinity staff and students left to join the armed forces. By 1918, there were just nine undergraduates in residence. Blakiston became the university's Vice-Chancellor in 1917 and did much to improve its finances, which had been placed under strain by the war. During this time

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