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108-545: Defunct Defunct Les Identitaires (English: The Identitarians ), formerly the Bloc identitaire (English: Identitarian Bloc ), is an Identitarian nationalist movement in France . Like the French New Right , some generally consider the movement far-right or sometimes as a syncretic mixture of multiple ideologies across the political spectrum . Les Identitaires contain
216-525: A French court sentenced three members of Generation Identity to a six-month jail term, fines of €2,000 each and loss of civic rights for five years, and fined the pan-European organisation €75,000, over an anti-immigrant operation in the Alps . Generation Identity president Clément Gandelin, spokesman Romain Espino and Damien Lefèvre were found guilty of "exercising activities in conditions that could create confusion with
324-562: A martial artist and former German Karate Team Champion, who according to Gudrun Hentges – who worked for the official Federal Agency for Civic Education – belongs to the "elite of the movement". It became a " registered association " in 2014. Drawing upon thinkers of the Nouvelle Droite and the Conservative Revolution such as Oswald Spengler , Carl Schmitt or the contemporary Russian fascist Aleksandr Dugin , it played
432-573: A "war of liberation", is however opposed by other Identitarian thinkers and groups. Alain de Benoist disavowing Faye's "strongly racist" ideas regarding Muslims after the publication of his 2000 book. Identitarians generally dismiss the European Union as "corrupt" and "authoritarian", while at the same time defending a "European-level political body that can hold its own against superpowers like America and China ." According to scholar Stéphane François, Identitarian geopolitics should be seen as
540-425: A 'pluriversum', where differences among peoples are preserved and celebrated." Political scientist Jean-Yves Camus agrees and defines the movement as being centred around the Nouvelle Droite concept of ethnopluralism (or 'ethno-differentialism'): "each people and culture can only flourish on its territory of origin; ethnic and cultural mixing ( métissage ) is seen as a factor of decadence; multiculturalism as
648-717: A Facebook page for Generation Identity UK and Ireland was created. A few months later, in October 2017, key figures of the Identitarian movement met in London in efforts to target the United Kingdom, and discussed the founding of a British chapter as a "bridge" to link with radical movements in the US. Their discussions resulted in a new British chapter being officially launched in late October 2017 with Tom Dupre and Ben Jones as its co-founders, after
756-406: A French far-right philosophical movement that was formed in the 1960s in order to adapt traditionalist conservative , ethnopluralist and illiberal politics to a post- WWII European context and distance itself from earlier far-right ideologies like fascism and Nazism , mainly through a form of pan-European nationalism . The Nouvelle Droite opposes liberal democracy and capitalism , and
864-587: A banner in protest at European immigration and perceived spread of Islam . In September of the same year, members of the Identitarian movement erected a new summit cross in a "provocative" act (as the Süddeutsche Zeitung reported) on the Schafreuter , after the original one had to be removed because of damage by an unknown person. In June 2017, the PayPal donations account of the Identitarian "Defend Europe"
972-520: A banner was unfurled on Westminster Bridge reading "Defend London, Stop Islamisation". On 9 March 2018, Sellner and his girlfriend Brittany Pettibone were barred from entering the UK because their presence was "not conducive to the public good". Prior the ban, Sellner intended to deliver a speech to the Young Independence party, though they cancelled the event, citing supposed threats of violence from
1080-413: A campaign against the rap group Sniper in 2003, which was taken up by the conservative Union for a Popular Movement (UMP), leading to the cancellation of several concerts of the band. UMP deputy Nadine Morano interpolated Interior Minister (UMP) Nicolas Sarkozy on this theme, while 200 UMP deputies, led by François Grosdidier , tried without success to censor several hip-hop bands. Sarkozy criticized
1188-591: A common cause of illness, Yersinia enterocolitica —which causes gastroenteritis—is present in various foods, but is most frequently caused by eating uncooked or undercooked pork and can grow in refrigerated conditions. The bacteria can be killed by heat. Nearly all outbreaks in the US have been traced to pork. Pork may be the reservoir responsible for sporadic, locally acquired cases of acute hepatitis E (HEV) reported in regions with relatively mild climates. It has been found to transmit between swine and humans. Trichinosis, also called trichinellosis, or trichiniasis,
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#17330857003901296-494: A documentary entitled "Generation Hate" featuring an undercover journalist who had infiltrated Génération Identitaire. The documentary included undercover footage of Génération Identitaire members in the northern French city of Lille racially abusing and assaulting migrant youths, advocating violence against Muslims, and alleged linkages between Génération Identitaire and Front National . Génération Identitaire's actions were condemned by Mayor of Lille Martine Aubry and Prefect of
1404-416: A form of "ethnopolitics". In the Identitarian vision, the world would be structured into different "ethnospheres", each dominated by ethnically related peoples. They promote ethnic solidarities between European peoples, and the establishment of a confederation of regional identities that would eventually replace the various nation states of Europe, which are seen as an inheritance from the "dubious philosophy of
1512-1126: A leader of the French nationalist organization Bloc Identitaire . Among its managers is Guillaume Luyt, former leader of the Front national de la jeunesse . Patrick Gofman is one of the editors of Novopress.info (French section). Novopress is politically geared towards conservative , anti-Islamist and sometimes even far right themes. As of 2008 Novopress had 13 national editions in Europe and North America, including in Ireland , Italy and France . The youth wing of Bloc Identitaire, called in France Génération identitaire, or Identity Generation , expanded to other European states soon after its creation in 2012, including Generazione Identitaria in Italy and Identitäre Bewegung in Germany and Austria. Other youth wings are also present in
1620-463: A member of proscribed terror organisation National Action and was spotted at an NA march in 2016. At an after conference event, one GI UK member told a Hope not Hate informant that two members of the fascist National Front (and former NA members) were present. The UK branch was condemned by the wider European movement on Twitter when it held its second annual conference and had invited numerous controversial alt-right speakers. Speaking alongside
1728-530: A new "post-industrial" far-right, distinct from the "traditional" nostalgic far-right. Their ultimate goal is to enter mainstream politics, Taguieff argues, as "post-fascists rather than neo-fascists , [and as] post-nazis rather than neo-nazis ." Scholars have also described the essence of Identitarianism as a reaction against the permissive ideals of the '68 movement, embodied by the baby boomers and their perceived left-liberal dominance on society, which they sometimes label " Cultural Marxism ". Inspired by
1836-686: A number of strains of political thought including nativism , Catholic social teaching , direct democracy , regionalist decentralisation , and Yann Fouere 's concept of a Europe of 100 Flags . The group additionally advocates an anti-American and anti-Islamic foreign policy, calling the United States and Islam the two major imperialistic threats to Europe. It was founded in 2003 by some former members of Unité Radicale and several other anti-Zionist and National Bolshevik sympathisers. It includes Fabrice Robert [ fr ] , former Unité Radicale member, former elected representative of
1944-578: A pan-European movement of loosely connected Identitarian groups. In the 2000s and 2010s, thinkers led by Renaud Camus, Guillaume Faye, along with members of the Carrefour de l'Horloge , introduced the Great Replacement and remigration as defining concepts in the movement. Scholar A. James McAdams has described the Identitarian movement as a "second generation" in the evolution of European far-right foundational critique of liberal democracy during
2052-551: A part of the USDA, currently recommends cooking ground pork to 71 °C (160 °F) and whole cuts to 63 °C (145 °F) followed by a 3-minute rest. Pigs can be carriers of various helminths , such as roundworms , pinworms , hookworms . One of the more common is Taenia solium , a type of tapeworm , which may transplant to the intestines of humans after consuming undercooked meat. Raw and undercooked pork can also cause other diseases, such as toxoplasmosis . Although not
2160-409: A pathogenic project, producing crime, loss of bearings and, ultimately, the possibility of an 'ethnic war' on European lands, between 'ethnic Europeans' and non-native Maghrebi Arabs, in any case Muslims." The pairing of Muslim immigration and Islam with the concept of ethnopluralism is indeed one of the main bases of Identitarianism, and the idea of a future ethnic war between whites and immigrants
2268-650: A pork menu option because Muslims, Jews and Hindus do not consume pork and it had seemed inconsistent with the purpose of bringing together persons of different faiths, though after the complaints raised by the Orthodox community a pork alternative was added. Pork is known to carry some diseases such as pork tapeworm and trichinosis and pigbel , thus uncooked or undercooked pork can be dangerous to consume, although raw pork products are sometimes still consumed in Central European and Eastern European countries of which
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#17330857003902376-477: A proposed solution to this debunked global conspiracy , the identitarians present mass remigration , a project of reversing growing multiculturalism through a forced mass deportation of non-European immigrants (often including their descendants) back to their supposed place of racial origin, regardless of their citizenship status. Génération Identitaire has made frequent use of the term Reconquista , in reference to expulsion of Muslims and Jewish people from
2484-644: A public function". The case was that the operation, involving about 100 of their members at the Col de l'Échelle in April 2018, could have been mistaken for a police action. On 3 March 2021, France banned Génération Identitaire (Generation Identity), as the Interior Minister Gérald Darmanin said the movement incited "discrimination, hatred and violence". A few weeks before, dozens of people protested in Paris against
2592-607: A role in the rise of the Pegida marches in 2014–15. The Identitarian movement has a close linkage to members of the German New Right , e.g., to its prominent member Götz Kubitschek and his journal Sezession , for which the Identitarian speaker Martin Sellner writes. In August 2016 members of the Identitarian movement in Germany scaled the iconic Brandenburg Gate in Berlin and hung
2700-462: A significant non-Muslim population. The Qur'anic basis for the Islamic prohibition of pork can be found in surah 2:173 , 5:3 , 6:145 and 16:115 . He has only forbidden you ˹to eat˺ carrion , blood, swine, and what is slaughtered in the name of any other than Allah. But if someone is compelled by necessity—neither driven by desire nor exceeding immediate need—they will not be sinful. Surely Allah
2808-488: A smaller but more toxic group in the UK, open to engagement with the more antisemitic, extreme and thus dangerous elements of the domestic far-right .” According to Unite Against Fascism , the Identitarian Movement in the UK is estimated to have a membership of less than 200 activists as of June 2019. In Sweden, the organisation Nordiska förbundet [ sv ] (active from 2004 to 2010), which founded
2916-470: A succulent finish. Many brands of American hot dogs and most breakfast sausages are made from pork. Processing of pork into sausages and other products in France is described as charcuterie . Ham and bacon are made from fresh pork by curing with salt ( pickling ) or smoking . Shoulders and legs are most commonly cured in this manner for Picnic shoulder and ham , whereas streaky and round bacon come from
3024-508: A wide variety of cuts and flavours, and is predominantly known as "streaky bacon", or "streaky rashers". Bacon made from the meat on the back of the pig is referred to as " back bacon " and is part of traditional full breakfasts commonly eaten in Britain and Ireland . In the United States, back bacon may also be referred to as "Canadian-style Bacon" or "Canadian Bacon". The canned meat Spam
3132-578: Is Génération Identitaire in France, originally a youth wing of Bloc Identitaire before it split off in 2012 to become its own organisation. The association Terre et Peuple ("Land and People"), which represents the Völkisch leaning of the Nouvelle Droite , is seen as a precursor of the Identitarian movement. Political scientist Stéphane François estimated the size of the Identitarian movement in France to be 1,500–2,000 in 2017. An undercover investigation conducted by Al Jazeera Investigates into
3240-600: Is All-Forgiving, Most Merciful. Forbidden to you are carrion , blood, and swine; what is slaughtered in the name of any other than Allah; what is killed by strangling, beating, a fall, or by being gored to death; what is partly eaten by a predator unless you slaughter it; and what is sacrificed on altars . You are also forbidden to draw lots for decisions. This is all evil. Today the disbelievers have given up all hope of ˹undermining˺ your faith. So do not fear them; fear Me! Today I have perfected your faith for you, completed My favour upon you, and chosen Islam as your way. But whoever
3348-523: Is All-Forgiving, Most Merciful.” He has only forbidden you ˹to eat˺ carrion, blood, swine, and what is slaughtered in the name of any other than Allah. But if someone is compelled by necessity—neither driven by desire nor exceeding immediate need—then surely Allah is All-Forgiving, Most Merciful. While most Christians do consume pork, some sects prohibit it based on Leviticus chapter 11, Deuteronomy chapter 14, and Isaiah chapters 65 and 66. Some denominations that forbid pork consumption are: When pork
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3456-404: Is a parasitic disease caused by eating raw or undercooked pork infected with the larvae of a species of roundworm Trichinella spiralis , commonly called the trichina worm. Infection was once very common, but is now rare in the developed world . From 2002 to 2007, an annual average of 11 cases per year were reported in the United States; the majority were from consuming wild game or the source
3564-518: Is a "flitch" or "slab bacon", while an individual slice of bacon is a "rasher" (Australia, Ireland, New Zealand and the United Kingdom) or simply a "slice" or "strip" (North America). Slices of bacon are also known as " collops ". Traditionally, the skin is left on the cut and is known as "bacon rind". Rindless bacon, however, is quite common. In both Ireland and the United Kingdom , bacon comes in
3672-488: Is a national delicacy. China was the largest producer of pork in the world in 2020 followed by the European Union and the United States. China, EU and the United States accounted for roughly 76% of the world's pork production as per FAS / USDA Pork may be cooked from fresh meat or cured over time. Cured meat products include ham and bacon . The carcass may be used in many different ways for fresh meat cuts , with
3780-569: Is central for some Identitarian theorists, especially Guillaume Faye , who claimed in 2016 that "the ethnic civil war, like a snake's baby that breaks the shell of its egg, [was] only in its very modest beginnings". He had earlier preached "total ethnic war" between "original" Europeans and Muslims in The Colonization of Europe in 2000, which earned him a criminal conviction for incitement to racial hatred. This emphasis on ethnicity, shared by Pierre Vial and his call to an "ethnic revolution" and
3888-422: Is compelled by extreme hunger—not intending to sin—then surely Allah is All-Forgiving, Most Merciful. Say, ˹O Prophet,˺ “I do not find in what has been revealed to me anything forbidden to eat except carrion, running blood, swine—which is impure—or a sinful offering in the name of any other than Allah. But if someone is compelled by necessity—neither driven by desire nor exceeding immediate need—then surely your Lord
3996-419: Is hostile to multiculturalism and the mixing of different cultures within a single society. Although it is not supremacist , it is racialist because it identifies Europeans as a race . Strategies and concepts promoted by Nouvelle Droite thinkers, such as ethnopluralism, localism, pan-European nationalism, and the use of metapolitics to influence public opinion, have shaped the ideological structure of
4104-450: Is lower than that of beef, but much higher than that of chicken, so the USDA treats pork as a red meat . In 1987, the U.S. National Pork Board began an advertising campaign to position pork as " the other white meat "—due to a public perception of chicken and turkey (white meat) as healthier than red meat. The campaign was highly successful and resulted in 87% of consumers identifying pork with
4212-414: Is made of chopped pork shoulder meat and ham. Due to the fact that pigs can eat unused food originally meant for humans, and due to the high availability of such food in many industrialized countries, pork and other products from pigs have become securely sourced and low-priced commodities. This makes pig products very popular as raw material in many industrially produced products. Its myoglobin content
4320-399: Is preferred over beef for economic and aesthetic reasons; the pig is easy to feed and is not used for labour. The colours of the meat and the fat of pork are regarded as more appetizing, while the taste and smell are described as sweeter and cleaner. It is also considered easier to digest. In rural tradition, pork is shared to celebrate important occasions and to form bonding. In China, pork
4428-458: Is so important that the nation maintains a "strategic pork reserve". Red braised pork ( hong shao rou ), a delicacy from Hunan Province , was one of Mao Zedong 's favorite dishes. Other popular Chinese pork dishes are sweet and sour pork, bakkwa , and charsiu . In the Philippines , due to 300 years of Spanish colonization and influence, lechon , which is an entire roasted suckling pig,
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4536-913: Is the branch of cooking devoted to prepared meat products, many from pork. Pork is the most popular meat in the Western world , particularly in Central Europe . It is also very popular in East and Southeast Asia ( Mainland Southeast Asia , Philippines , Singapore , and East Timor ). The meat is highly prized in Asian cuisines , especially in China (including Hong Kong ) and Northeast India , for its fat content and texture. Some religions and cultures prohibit pork consumption , notably Islam and Judaism . Pigs were domesticated in Mesopotamia around 13,000 BC. Charcuterie
4644-422: Is the branch of cooking devoted to prepared meat products such as bacon , ham , sausage , terrines , galantines , pâtés and confit , primarily from pig. Originally intended as a way to preserve meats before the advent of refrigeration, these preparations are prepared today for the flavors that are derived from the preservation processes. In 15th-century France , local guilds regulated tradesmen in
4752-564: Is traditionally prepared with pork trimmings: ears, tail and feet. According to the USDA 's Foreign Agricultural Service , nearly 100 million metric tons of pork were consumed worldwide in 2006 (preliminary data). Increasing urbanization and disposable income has led to an uprising in pork consumption in China, where 2006 consumption was 20% higher than in 2002, and a further 5% increase projected in 2007. In 2015 recorded total 109.905 million metric tons of pork were consumed worldwide. By 2017, half
4860-450: Is used primarily in cubes ( lardons ) as a cooking ingredient valued both as a source of fat and for its flavour. In Italy , besides being used in cooking, bacon ( pancetta ) is also served uncooked and thinly sliced as part of an antipasto . Bacon is also used for barding roasts, especially game birds. Bacon is often smoked with various wood fuels for up to ten hours. Bacon is eaten fried, baked, or grilled. A side of unsliced bacon
4968-442: Is what you shall not eat from what brings up its cud or possesses split hooves—the camel, because it brings up its cud but does not possess split hooves...and the pig, because it has split hooves that are completely cloven, but it does not bring up its cud—it is impure to you and from its flesh you may not eat. And the pig, because it possesses split hooves and does not bring up its cud—from its flesh you may not eat. As indicated by
5076-748: The Arc de Triomphe (relocated from an earlier planned site in Goutte-d'Or ) where people would eat pork and drink grape juice or wine . In November 2012 the Génération Identitaire , the youth wing of the BI, occupied the mosque in Poitiers , the site where Charles Martel defeated an invading Muslim Moorish force in 732 . In June 2018, Facebook banned Generation Identity for violating its policies against extremist content and hate groups. In December 2018, Al Jazeera produced
5184-676: The Czech Republic , the Netherlands , Belgium , Slovenia , Hungary , and the United Kingdom and Ireland . France banned Generation Identity in March 2021. The Bloc Identitaire has been accused of intentionally distributing several popular soups containing pork in order to exclude religious Jews or Muslims; in Strasbourg, Nice, Paris, and in Antwerp with the association Antwerpse Solidariteit close to
5292-595: The Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church . There is also a theory that pork was taboo in Scotland until roughly 1800 . Pork is a well-known example of a non-kosher food . This prohibition is based on Leviticus chapter 11 and Deuteronomy chapter 14: These are the creatures that you may eat from among all the animals that are upon the land. Everything that possesses a split hoof, which is fully cloven, and that brings up its cud—this you may eat. But this
5400-573: The French Revolution ". Influenced by Renaud Camus ' Great Replacement theory, Identitarians lament an alleged disappearance of the European peoples through a drop in a birth rate and uncontrolled immigration from the Muslim world. The movement is strongly opposed to the politics and philosophy of Islam , which some critics describe as disguised Islamophobia . Followers often protest what they see as
5508-515: The Islamisation of Europe through mass immigration, claiming it to be a threat to European culture and society. As summarised by Markus Willinger, a key activist of the movement, "We don't want Mehmed and Mustapha to become Europeans." This theory is connected to the ideas of the Great Replacement , a conspiracy theory which claims that a global elite is colluding against the white population of Europe to replace them with non-European peoples. As
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#17330857003905616-634: The Libyan coastguard . In the event, the ship suffered an engine failure and had to be rescued by another ship from one of the NGOs rescuing migrants. The European Identitarian movements often use a yellow lambda symbol, inspired by the shield designs of the Spartan army in the movie 300 , based on the comic book by Frank Miller . According to ethnographer Benjamin R. Teitelbaum , Identitarians advocate "an ostensibly non-hierarchical global separatism to create
5724-727: The National Front (FN) and also former member of the National Republican Movement (MNR), and Guillaume Luyt, former member of the monarchist Action française , former Unité Radicale member, former director of the youth organisation of the FN, National Front Youth (FNJ). Luyt claims inspiration by Guillaume Faye 's works in the Nouvelle Droite movement. The movement is widely considered neo-fascist , although Les Identitaires does not consider itself as such. Génération Identitaire
5832-517: The State Security Service saw the rise of Schild & Vrienden [ nl ] in the context of Identitarian groups emerging throughout Europe. A Europol terror report mentioned Soldaten van Odin and the defunct group La Meute . In the Netherlands , Identitair Verzet [ nl ] was founded in 2012. Its main goal is "preservation of the national identity". Training their members at camps in France, their protests in
5940-567: The Vlaams Belang . These so-called "identity soups" ("soupes identitaires") have been forbidden by the prefecture of the Haut-Rhin in Strasbourg on 21 January 2006, and called "discriminatory and xenophobic" by MEP Catherine Trautmann (PS) in a 19 January 2006 letter to the High authority for the struggle against discrimination and for equality (HALDE). This ethno-regionalist movement has also organised
6048-484: The far-left . Prior to being detained and deported, Sellner intended to deliver his speech at Speakers' Corner in Hyde Park. In June 2018 Tore Rasmussen, a Norwegian activist who had previously been denied entry to the United Kingdom, was working in Ireland to establish a local branch of Generation Identity. In August 2018, the leader of GI UK Tom Dupre resigned from his position after UK press revealed Rasmussen, who
6156-446: The metapolitics of Marxist philosopher Antonio Gramsci via the Nouvelle Droite , Identitarians do not seek direct electoral results but rather to influence the wider political debate in society. Metapolitics is defined by Nouvelle Droite theorist Guillaume Faye as the "social diffusion of ideas and cultural values for the sake of provoking profound, long-term, political transformation." In 2010, Daniel Friberg established
6264-489: The post-war era: "the first of these generations, congregated around the members of the French Nouvelle Droite (New Right), defined difference as a right ('a right to difference') to which all persons were entitled by virtue of their shared humanity. A second generation, epitomized by the pan-European Identitarian movement of the early 2000s, replaced the language of rights with the less exacting claim to respect
6372-495: The 'European New Right' (ENR), its spokespersons' various promotion of capitalism and commodification, including through their advocacy of international trade and sale of merchandise, diverges from the anti-capitalist philosophizing of contemporary ENR thinkers." Identitarianism can be defined by its opposition to globalisation , multiculturalism , Islam and extra-European immigration ; and by its defence of traditions , pan-European nationalism and cultural homogeneity within
6480-513: The Austrian police, and investigations were started against Sellner on suspicion that a criminal organisation was being formed. The court later ruled that the IBÖ was not a criminal organisation. The movement also appeared in Germany and converged with preexisting circles, centered on the magazine Blue Narcissus ( Blaue Narzisse [ de ] ) and its founder Felix Menzel [ de ] ,
6588-578: The Bloc identitaire's campaign against him (in Ma Cavale , p. 160). Battisti was convicted to life sentence in his homeland for a total of 36 charges, including participation in four murders. The French government would subsequently decide to extradite him to Italy, but Battisti escaped to Brazil where he was granted political asylum. In 2010, they staged a protest in "resistance to the Islamization of France" at
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#17330857003906696-534: The Eastern European countries are believed to have a higher risk of trichinosis. Undercooked or untreated pork may harbour pathogens, or can be recontaminated after cooking if left exposed for a long period of time. In one instance, the Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS) detected Listeria monocytogenes in 210 kg (460 lb) of Polidori brand fully cooked pork sausage crumbles, although no one
6804-595: The European counterpart of the American alt-right. Hope not Hate (HNH) has described Identitarianism and the alt-right as "ostensibly separate" in origin, but with "huge areas of ideological crossover". Many white nationalists and alt-right leaders have described themselves as Identitarians, and according to HNH, American alt-right influence is evident in European Identitarian groups and events, forming an amalgamated "International Alternative Right". Figures within
6912-502: The French branch, which aired on 10 December 2018, captured GI activists punching a Muslim woman whilst saying "Fuck Mecca" and one saying if ever he gets a terminal illness he will purchase a weapon and cause carnage. When asked by the undercover journalist who would be the target he replies "a mosque, whatever". French prosecutors have launched an inquiry into the findings amidst calls for the group to be proscribed. Génération Identitaire
7020-483: The Iberian Peninsula in 1492. Identitarians do not share, however, a common vision on liberalism . Some regard it as a part of European identity "threatened by Muslims who do not respect women or gay people", whereas others like Daniel Friberg describe it as the "disease" that contributed to Muslim immigration in the first place. The movement has been described as being a part of the global alt-right , or as
7128-483: The Identitarian 'party-movements' generally share the following traits: a call to an 'authentic' and 'sane' people, which a leader is claiming to embody, against illegitimate or unworthy elites; and a call for a purifying break with the supposedly 'corrupt' current system, in part achieved by 'cleaning up' the territory from elements perceived as 'non- assimilable ' for cultural reasons, Muslims in particular. Following Piero Ignazi, Taguieff classifies those party-movements as
7236-708: The Identitarian movement, by redefining the idea of pan-European nationalism on the " white nation " rather than the " nation state ". The neo- Völkisch movement Terre et Peuple , which was founded in 1995 by Nouvelle Droite writers Pierre Vial , Jean Haudry and Jean Mabire , is generally considered a precursor of the Identitarian movement. In the early 21st century, Nouvelle Droite ideas influenced far-right youth movements in France through groups such as Jeunesses Identitaires (founded in 2002 and succeeded by Génération Identitaire in 2012) and Bloc Identitaire (2003). These French movements exported their ideas to other European nations, turning themselves into
7344-400: The Identitarian movement. The Nouvelle Droite has widely been considered a neo-fascist attempt to legitimise far-right ideas in the political spectrum, and in some cases to recycle Nazi ideas. According to political scientist Stéphane François , the latter accusation, "though relevant in certain ways, [remains] incomplete, as it (purposely) [shuns] other references, most notably
7452-550: The Identitarian movement. Consequently, connections have been suggested between the worldview of Martin Sellner , one of the biggest figures of the movement, and the theories of Martin Heidegger and Carl Schmitt . Leading Identitarian Daniel Friberg has likewise claimed influences from Ernst Jünger and Julius Evola . Through their think tank GRECE , Nouvelle Droite figures like Alain de Benoist and Guillaume Faye aimed to imitate Marxist metapolitics , especially
7560-456: The Identitarian movements and alt-right often cite Nouvelle Droite founder Alain de Benoist as an influence. De Benoist rejects any alt-right affiliation, although he has worked with Richard B. Spencer , and once spoke at Spencer's National Policy Institute . As Benoist stated, "Maybe people consider me their spiritual father, but I don't consider them my spiritual sons". According to Christoph Gurk of Bayerischer Rundfunk , one of
7668-511: The Netherlands attract tens of participants. Pork Pork is the culinary name for the meat of the pig ( Sus domesticus ). It is the second-most commonly consumed meat worldwide, with evidence of pig husbandry dating back to 5000 BCE. Pork is eaten both freshly cooked and preserved; curing extends the shelf life of pork products. Ham , gammon , bacon , and pork sausage are examples of preserved pork. Charcuterie
7776-669: The North Michele Lalande, who advocated prosecuting offenders for inciting hatred and closing down La Citadelle , which served as a meeting place for location Génération Identitaire members in Lille. Prosecutor Thierry Pocquet Haut-Jussé has also announced an investigation by the Central Directorate of Public Security into the activities of the Génération Identitaire members. On 11 July 2019, Germany's Federal Office for
7884-656: The Protection of the Constitution (BfV), the country's domestic intelligence agency, formally designated the Identitarian Movement as "a verified extreme right movement against the liberal democratic constitution." The new classification will allow the BfV to use more powerful surveillance methods against the group and its youth wing, Generation Identity. The Identitarian Movement has about 600 members in Germany. In August 2019,
7992-616: The Torah verses, pork is non-kosher because Jews may not consume an animal that possesses one trait but not the other of cloven hooves and regurgitating cud . Hogs, which are not ruminants , do not chew cud as cattle and sheep do. Practicing Jews suffice on the biblical explanation of the swine as 'unclean'. Maimonides shared this view in classifying the swine as an unclean creature in both its habit and diet. The prohibition of swine-eating in Ancient Israelite cuisine , according to Douglas,
8100-509: The UK's new leader Ben Jones was alt-right YouTuber Millennial Woes and Nouvelle Droite writer Tomislav Sunić . This controversy led to a number of members leaving the organisation in disgust at what they perceived to be a shift towards the "Old Right". This led to concern that the British version may become more radicalised and dangerous. Simon Murdoch, Identitarianism researcher at Hope not Hate, said: "Evidence suggests we will be left with
8208-596: The alt-right and Identitarian movements. The separatist party Som Catalans claims to defend the "identity of Catalonia " against "Spanish colonialism and the migrant invasion", as well as the "islamisation" of the Spanish autonomous community . Similar stances are also found in Spanish nationalist parties, such as Identitarios, which align themselves with the European Identity and Democracy Party . In Belgium , in 2018,
8316-411: The differences of others, especially those based on ethnicity. Finally, in response to the degeneration of Identitarian thinking into outright xenophobia and racism, a third generation of theorists emerged in the 2010s with the expressed aim of restoring the respectability of far-right thought." According to scholar Imogen Richards, "while in many respects [ Génération Identitaire ] is characteristic of
8424-530: The dissolution. About 200 protesters were estimated to be present. Jordan Bardella , at the time the spokesperson for the National Rally , posted statements of support for Génération Identitaire. As a result, Facebook removed the posts and suspended certain features of his account. Identitarian movement The Identitarian movement or Identitarianism is a pan-European nationalist , ethno-nationalist , far-right political ideology asserting
8532-517: The eastern part of the continent through conscious efforts of the likes of Faye. It also has adherents among white nationalists in North America , Australia , and New Zealand . The United States–based Southern Poverty Law Center considers many of these organisations to be hate groups . The Identitarian ideology is generally believed by scholars to be derived from the Nouvelle Droite ,
8640-490: The food production industry in each city. The guilds that produced charcuterie were those of the charcutiers . The members of this guild produced a traditional range of cooked or salted and dried meats, which varied, sometimes distinctively, from region to region. The only "raw" meat the charcutiers were allowed to sell was unrendered lard . The charcutier prepared numerous items, including pâtés , rillettes , sausages , bacon , trotters , and head cheese . Before
8748-418: The goals of Identitarianism is to make racism modern and fashionable. Austrian Identitarians invited radical right-wing groups from across Europe, including several neo-Nazi groups, to participate in an anti-immigration march, according to Anna Thalhammer of Die Presse . There has also been Identitarian collaboration with the white nationalist activist Tomislav Sunić . The main Identitarian youth movement
8856-476: The group and its youth wing, Generation Identity . The Identitarian Movement has about 600 members in Germany. As of January 2024 South west Germany alone had about 100 members, mostly in Ulm, Reutlingen, Pforzheim and Stuttgart with 2.400 followers on instagram; the group changed its original name from Identitäre Bewegung Schwaben to 'Kesselrevolte/Schwaben Bande' to 'Wackre Schwaben' to 'Reconquista 21'. In July 2017,
8964-576: The hip-hop group as "ruffians who dishonour France." In 2004, the Bloc Identitaire also organized a campaign against Italian writer Cesare Battisti , one-time member of the terrorist group Armed Proletarians for Communism , who was wanted in Italy for an assassination carried out during the Years of Lead , in which he denies responsibility. Battisti accused the "cell of the Italian embassy" of having "financed"
9072-511: The importation or consumption of pork products. Examples are Iran , Mauritania , Oman , Qatar , Saudi Arabia , Algeria , Turkmenistan , Uzbekistan , Tajikistan , Yemen , Somalia , Sudan , Afghanistan , Djibouti , Kuwait , Mali , Niger , Senegal , Gambia , Libya , Pakistan (except in some communities) and the Maldives . However, in other Muslim-majority countries with significant non-Muslim minorities, such as Indonesia (except
9180-593: The main ideological sources of the movement. Identitarians promote concepts such as pan-European nationalism , localism , ethnopluralism , remigration , or the Great Replacement , and they are generally opposed to globalisation , multiculturalism , the spread of Islam and European immigration . Influenced by New Right metapolitics , they do not seek direct electoral results, but rather to provoke long-term social transformations and eventually achieve cultural hegemony and popular adherence to their ideas. Identitarians are opposed to cultural mixing and promote
9288-530: The mass production and re-engineering of pigs in the 20th century, pork in Europe and North America was traditionally an autumn dish—pigs and other livestock coming to the slaughter in the autumn after growing in the spring and fattening during the summer. Due to the seasonal nature of the meat in Western culinary history, apples (harvested in late summer and autumn) have been a staple pairing to fresh pork. The year-round availability of meat and fruits has not diminished
9396-431: The nations of Europe. The concept of "identity" is central to the Identitarian movement, which sees, in the words of Guillaume Faye , "every form of [humanity’s] homogenisation [as] synonymous with death, as well as sclerosis and entropy". Scholar Stéphane François has described the essence of Identitarian ideology as "mixophobic", that is the fear of ethnic mixing . According to philosopher Pierre-André Taguieff ,
9504-476: The online encyclopedia Metapedia in 2006, promoted Identitarianism. The influence of Identitarian theories has been noted in the Sweden Democrats ' slogan "We are also a people!". The origin of the Italian chapter Generazione Identitaria dates from 2012. The founder of the far-right Croatian party Generation of Renovation has stated that it was originally formed in 2017 as that country's version of
9612-540: The popularity of certain cuts varying worldwide. Most of the pig can be used to produce fresh meat and, in the case of a suckling pig , the whole body of a young pig ranging in age from two to six weeks is roasted. Danish roast pork or flæskesteg , prepared with crispy crackling is a national favourite as the traditional Christmas dinner. Pork is particularly common as an ingredient in sausages . Many traditional European sausages are made with pork, including chorizo , fuet , Cumberland sausage and salami giving it
9720-469: The popularity of this combination on Western plates. Pigs are the second most widely eaten animal in the world, accounting for about 34% of meat production worldwide. As a result, large numbers of pork recipes have been developed throughout the world. Jamón , made from the hind legs of a pig, is the most well-known Spanish dry-cured ham. Feijoada , the national dish of Brazil (also served in Portugal),
9828-642: The preservation of homogeneous ethno-cultural entities, generally to the exclusion of extra-European migrants and descendants of immigrants, and may espouse ideas considered xenophobic and racialist . In 2019, the Identitarian Movement was classified by the German Federal Office for the Protection of the Constitution as right-wing extremist . The movement is most notable in Europe , and although rooted in Western Europe , it has spread more rapidly to
9936-650: The primordial relationship to the German Conservative Revolution ." The original prominence of the French nucleus gradually decreased, and a nebula of similar movements which were grouped under the term " European New Right " began to emerge across the continent. Among them was the Neue Rechte of Armin Mohler , also largely inspired by the Conservative Revolution, and another ideological source for
10044-523: The province of Aceh ), Malaysia , Brunei , Lebanon , Iraq , Tunisia , Egypt , Morocco , Bahrain , Bangladesh , Kyrgyzstan , Kazakhstan , Jordan , Albania , Azerbaijan , Turkey , Bosnia and Herzegovina , Kosovo , Syria , Sierra Leone , Guinea , Chad and the United Arab Emirates (except the Emirate of Sharjah ), pork is available in hotels, restaurants and supermarkets that cater to
10152-460: The publishing house Arktos Media , which has grown since that date as the "uncontested global leader in the publication of English-language Nouvelle Droite literature." Some Identitarian parties have nonetheless contested elections, as in France or in Croatia, but so far with no success. Éric Zemmour , who has been described as belonging to the Identitarian movement by some scholars, won 7.1% of
10260-526: The right of the European ethnic groups and white peoples to Western culture and territories exclusively. Originating in France as Les Identitaires ("The Identitarians"), with its youth wing Generation Identity (GI), the movement expanded to other European countries during the early 21st century. Its ideology was formulated from the 1960s onward by essayists such as Alain de Benoist , Dominique Venner , Guillaume Faye and Renaud Camus , who are considered
10368-560: The side (round from the loin and streaky from the belly). Ham and bacon are popular foods in the West, and their consumption has increased with industrialisation. Non-western cuisines also use preserved meat products. For example, salted preserved pork or red roasted pork is used in Chinese and Asian cuisine. Bacon is defined as any of certain cuts of meat taken from the sides, belly, or back that have been cured or smoked. In continental Europe, it
10476-418: The slogan. The board retired the slogan on 4 March 2011. Pork is very high in thiamin (vitamin B 1 ). Pork with its fat trimmed is leaner than the meat of most domesticated animals, but is high in cholesterol and saturated fat . Eating of pork is prohibited by Jewish dietary laws and Islamic dietary laws , and is also avoided by mainstream Seventh-day Adventists , Rastafarians , and members of
10584-412: The tactics of cultural hegemony , agitprop and entryism which, according to them, had allowed left-wing movements to gain cultural and academic dominance from the second part of the 20th century onward. Dominique Venner and his magazine Europe-Action , which is considered the "embryonic form" of the Nouvelle Droite , along with the writings of Saint-Loup , are conducive to the emergence of
10692-595: The votes during the 2022 French presidential election . A key strategy of the Identitarian movement is to generate large media attention by symbolically occupying popular public spaces, often with only a handful of militants. The largest action to date , labelled "Defend Europe", occurred in 2017. After crowdsourcing more than $ 178,000, Identitarian militants chartered a ship in the Mediterranean Sea to ferry rescued migrants back to Africa, observe any incursions by other NGO ships into Libyan waters, and report them to
10800-607: The world's pork was consumed in China. Pork is popular throughout eastern Asia and the Pacific, where whole roast pig is a popular item in Pacific Island cuisine. It is consumed in a great many ways and highly esteemed in Chinese cuisine . Currently China is the world's largest pork consumer, with pork consumption expected to total 53 million metric tons in 2012, which accounts for more than half of global pork consumption. In China, pork
10908-527: Was 2.7 kg in 2009. Although pork marketing is prohibited in some religious localities, pork products are available elsewhere at non-kosher butchers and by the Mizra and Tiv Ta'am non-kosher supermarket chain, which caters to Russian immigrants. A modern Hebrew euphemism for pork is "white meat". Pork meat is prohibited by the Islamic dietary laws . Throughout the Islamic world many countries severely restrict
11016-628: Was a senior member in the UK branch, had an active past in neo-Nazi movements within Norway. Generation Identity UK has been conferencing with other organisations, namely Identity Evropa /American Identity Movement. Identity Evropa/American Identity Movement is known for its involvement in the deadly 11–12 August 2017 Unite the Right rally in Charlottesville, Virginia , United States and its antisemitism. Jacob Bewick, an activist with GI, had been exposed as
11124-433: Was banned by French authorities in March 2021. The Identitäre Bewegung Österreich (IBÖ) was founded in 2012. They have sometimes used the concept of a "War Against the '68ers"; i.e. people whose political identities are seen by Identitarians as stemming from the social changes of the 1960s, what would be called baby boomer liberals in the US. On 27 April 2018 the IBÖ and the homes of its leaders were searched by
11232-631: Was banned in March 2021. On 14 February 2023, the Global Project Against Hate and Extremism (GPAHE) released a report in which it classified Les Identitaires as a "white nationalist" and "Anti-Muslim" group. It opposes "imperialism, whether it be American or Islamic," and supports the far-right Great Replacement conspiracy theory . The Bloc Identitaire runs the agency and website Novopress, that has associates in most of Western Europe and North America. Novopress presents itself as an "international news agency" founded by Fabrice Robert,
11340-704: Was because the pig was raised by non-Israelites, ate carrion and did not fit into the classification of ungulates . Harris disagrees and points out that Egyptians and Sumerians also restricted pigs and that goats also ate corpses, yet were not declared unclean in Ancient Israel. Harris offers an explanation based on environmental and economic factors instead. In Israel , pig-raising has been limited by law to certain areas and institutions. Some pig-related laws are openly circumvented. Swine production has increased from an estimated annual slaughter of 50,000 swine in 1960 to 180,000 in 2010. Pig meat consumption per capita
11448-455: Was locked, and the Identitarian account of the bank Steiermärkische Sparkasse was closed. On 11 July 2019, Germany's Federal Office for the Protection of the Constitution (BfV), the country's domestic intelligence agency, formally designated the Identitarian Movement as "a verified extreme right movement against the liberal democratic constitution." The new classification has allowed the BfV to use more powerful surveillance methods against
11556-414: Was made ill from consumption of the product. The FSIS has previously stated that listeria and other microorganisms must be "...destroyed by proper handling and thorough cooking to an internal temperature of 71 °C (160 °F)," and that other microorganisms, such as E. coli , Salmonella , and Staphylococcus aureus can be found in inadequately cooked pork, poultry, and other meats. The FSIS,
11664-582: Was not included on the menu of the Liverpool Council's first Christian Orthodox Interfaith lunch some members of the Macedonian Orthodox community objected, citing the historical significance of the dish to the community during the Ottoman era and raising complaints that the council was discriminating against Orthodox Christians . A spokeswoman for the council explained that the council had not prepared
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