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61-459: The club is located in the former congress hall of the Deutsches Museum , completed in 1935 at the location of Munich's Museumsinsel 1 ( "museum island ".) The building housed Munich's largest concert hall and a planetarium until 1985, after which it became an IMAX cinema. The congress hall then stood empty for seven years, until the club's operators applied for permission to transform it into

122-509: A 1980 study reported fetishistic fantasies. Fetishism to the extent that it is seen as a disorder appears to be rare, with less than 1% of general psychiatric patients presenting fetishism as their primary problem. It is also uncommon in forensic populations. The word fetish derives from the French fétiche , which comes from the Portuguese feitiço ("spell"), which in turn derives from

183-575: A beer garden on the Isar 's riverbank. In contrast to the club, the restaurant does not operate a photo ban. Blitz Club is regularly featured in national and international daily newspapers and news magazines, specialist magazines for electronic music and club culture, as well as journals for architecture and sound architecture. On Resident Advisor , the nightclub is rated as one of the most popular clubs in Munich (2nd place, as of October 2019). Mixmag Asia ranked

244-511: A club in 2016. The resulting conversion work required meticulous planning and took several months to complete. This was due to the numerous structural challenges posed by the building being located on a river island . The club eventually opened on 22 April 2022. The nightclub offers two separate dance floors, two bars, several chill-out areas and a smoking room. In total, the club can accommodate up to 800 guests. Blitz Club also hosts an independently-run vegetarian restaurant. The sound architecture

305-509: A disorder when they impair normal functioning or cause distress. Goals of treatment can include elimination of criminal activity, reduction in reliance on the fetish for sexual satisfaction, improving relationship skills, reducing or removing arousal to the fetish altogether, or increasing arousal towards more acceptable stimuli. The evidence for treatment efficacy is limited and largely based on case studies , and no research on treatment for female fetishists exists. Cognitive behavioral therapy

366-498: A fetish or non-sexual object". A content analysis of the sample's favorite fantasies found that 14% of the male fantasies involved fetishism (including feet , nonsexual objects, and specific clothing), and 4.7% focused on a specific body part other than feet. None of the women's favorite fantasies had fetishistic themes. Another study found that 28% of men and 11% of women reported fetishistic arousal (including feet, fabrics, and objects "like shoes, gloves, or plush toys"). 18% of men in

427-462: A male rat during its first exposure to scented females has the same effect. Rats will also develop sexual preferences for the location of their early sexual experiences, and can be conditioned to show increased arousal in the presence of objects such as a plastic toy fish. One experiment found that rats which are made to wear a Velcro tethering jacket during their formative sexual experiences exhibit severe deficits in sexual performance when not wearing

488-554: A person as a whole but always is the product of the interaction of individual features. He stated that nearly everyone had special interests and thus suffered from a healthy kind of fetishism, while only detaching and overvaluing of a single feature resulted in pathological fetishism. Today, Hirschfeld's theory is often mentioned in the context of gender role specific behavior: females present sexual stimuli by highlighting body parts, clothes or accessories; males react to them. Sigmund Freud believed that sexual fetishism in men derived from

549-442: A role in some cases. Vilayanur S. Ramachandran observed that the region processing sensory input from the feet lies immediately next to the region processing genital stimulation, and suggested an accidental link between these regions could explain the prevalence of foot fetishism . In one unusual case, an anterior temporal lobectomy relieved an epileptic man's fetish for safety pins. Various explanations have been put forth for

610-540: A sexual interest in non-living objects, body parts or secretions. The publication of the DSM-III in 1980 changed that, by excluding arousal from body parts in its diagnostic criteria for fetishism. In 1987, the revised DSM-III-R introduced a new diagnosis for body part arousal called partialism . The DSM-IV retained this distinction. Martin Kafka argued that partialism should be merged into fetishism because of overlap between

671-515: A site for the project. In addition, exhibits began to arrive from Munich, Germany, and abroad including collections from the Bavarian Academy . As no dedicated museum building existed, the exhibits were displayed in the National Museum. On 12 November 1906, the temporary exhibits at the National Museum were ceremonially opened to the public and on November 13 the foundation stone was laid for

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732-546: Is a fetishist . A sexual fetish may be regarded as a mental disorder if it causes significant psychosocial distress for the person or has detrimental effects on important areas of their life. Sexual arousal from a particular body part can be further classified as partialism . While medical definitions restrict the term sexual fetishism to objects or body parts, fetish can, in common discourse, also refer to sexual interest in specific activities, peoples, types of people, substances, or situations. In common parlance,

793-913: Is avoided. The visual appearance of the club was designed by British musician Trevor Jackson . The operators of the club consist of former crew members of the clubs Bob Beaman , Charlie , Registratur , King , and Kong Club . Head of the musical program is DJ David Muallem; further resident DJs are the Zenker Brothers , Skee Mask , Stenny , Sascha Sibler , Julietta , Glaskin , and La Staab . Blitz Club has featured appearances by DJs and live acts such as Jeff Mills , Richie Hawtin , Carl Craig , Ben Sims , Seth Troxler , I-F , Miss Kittin , Surgeon , Luke Slater , Laurent Garnier , Nina Kraviz , DJ Hell , Sven Väth , Chris Liebing , Monika Kruse , Ellen Allien , Boys Noize , Marcel Dettmann , Ben Klock , Len Faki , Steve Bug , Modeselektor , Michael Mayer , Roman Flügel , and Âme . The Blitz Club

854-482: Is located some 18 kilometres (11 miles) north of Munich's city centre close to Schleißheim Palace . It is based on the premises of one of the first military airbases in Germany founded just before World War I. It comprises the old air control and command centre as well as modern buildings added in the late 2000s after strong endorsement from Franz Josef Strauss, former prime minister of the state of Bavaria (1978 to 1988), who

915-525: Is one popular approach. Cognitive behavioral therapists teach clients to identify and avoid antecedents to fetishistic behavior, and substitute non-fetishistic fantasies for ones involving the fetish. Aversion therapy and covert conditioning can reduce fetishistic arousal in the short term, but requires repetition to sustain the effect. Multiple case studies have also reported treating fetishistic behavior with psychodynamic approaches. Antiandrogens may be prescribed to lower sex drive. Cyproterone acetate

976-470: Is presently little evidence for their efficacy, they have fewer side effects than other antiandrogens. A number of studies support the use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), which may be preferable over antiandrogens because of their relatively benign side effects. Pharmacological agents are an adjunctive treatment which are usually combined with other approaches for maximum effect. Relationship counselors may attempt to reduce dependence on

1037-470: Is the main feature of the club, and has been discussed repeatedly by music magazines and architecture journals. Unlike former Munich techno clubs like Ultraschall , KW – Das Heizkraftwerk or MMA Club , the Blitz Club is not located in a former industrial setting, but was built into the congress hall according to a room-in-room concept in order to offer the best possible sound experience in accordance with

1098-633: Is the most commonly used antiandrogen, except in the United States, where it may not be available. A large body of literature has shown that it reduces general sexual fantasies. Side effects may include osteoporosis , liver dysfunction , and feminization. Case studies have found that the antiandrogen medroxyprogesterone acetate is successful in reducing sexual interest, but can have side effects including osteoporosis, diabetes , deep vein thrombosis , feminization, and weight gain. Some hospitals use leuprorelin and goserelin to reduce libido, and while there

1159-452: Is the world's largest museum of science and technology , with about 125,000 exhibited objects from 50 fields of science and technology. It receives about 1.5 million visitors per year. The museum was founded on 28 June 1903, at a meeting of the Association of German Engineers (VDI) as an initiative of Oskar von Miller . It is the largest museum in Munich. For a period of time the museum

1220-506: The Latin facticius ("artificial") and facere ("to make"). A fetish is an object believed to have supernatural powers, or in particular, a human-made object that has power over others. Essentially, fetishism is the attribution of inherent value or powers to an object. Fétichisme was first used in an erotic context by Alfred Binet in 1887. A slightly earlier concept was Julien Chevalier's azoophilie . Alfred Binet suspected fetishism

1281-472: The 1903 meeting of the Society of German Engineers, Oskar von Miller gathered a small group who supported his desire to found a science and technology museum. In a showing of support this group spontaneously donated 260,000 marks to the cause and elected a "Provisional Committee" to get the ball rolling. In June 1903, Prince Ludwig agreed to act as patron of the museum and the city of Munich donated Coal Island as

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1342-577: The 1950s and 1960s is unique. A range of Vietnam era fighter planes as well as Russian planes taken over from East Germany after the reunification are on display. This outstation also features a workshop dedicated to the restoration of all types of airplanes intended for static display. In 2003, the Deutsches Museum Verkehrszentrum was opened. Located at Theresienhöhe in Munich it focuses on transportation technology. The branch located in Bonn

1403-472: The 1960s. In August 1969, the Apollo 8 space capsule was shown in a special exhibit entitled "Man and Space" and in 1970 the first full-time director, Theo Stillger, was appointed. In the 1970s the mission statement of the museum was modified to encourage the explanation of the cultural significance of science and technology in exhibits. The early 1980s saw severe damage to several exhibits due to arson resulting in

1464-544: The Bavarian Government gave buildings at the historic Theresienhöhe site in Munich to the Deutsches Museum resulting in the creation of the new transportation museum, the Deutsches Museum Verkehrszentrum, which opened in 2003 and now houses the road vehicle and train exhibits that were removed from the original Deutsches Museum site. The Theresienhöhe quarter is a new area on the edge of the inner city of Munich, and

1525-703: The College of Technology and the Post Office used museum space as their own buildings were being reconstructed. The Museum was also home to the Central Committee of the Liberated Jews , representing Jewish displaced persons in the American Zone of Germany after the war, as well as to UNRRA that operated a camp for displaced persons and later an International University with over 2000 students. In November 1945,

1586-464: The Museum of Transport is a part of the quarter's design of mixed use. 48°7′48″N 11°35′0″E  /  48.13000°N 11.58333°E  / 48.13000; 11.58333 Sexual fetishism Sexual fetishism or erotic fetishism is a sexual fixation on a nonliving object or body part. The object of interest is called the fetish ; the person who has a fetish for that object

1647-660: The WHO ( World Health Organization ) published ICD-11 , in which fetishism and fetishistic transvestism ( cross-dressing for sexual pleasure) are now removed as psychiatric diagnoses. Moreover, discrimination against fetish-having and BDSM individuals is considered inconsistent with human rights principles endorsed by the United Nations and The World Health Organization. According to the World Health Organization , fetishistic fantasies are common and should only be treated as

1708-709: The arousal must persist for at least six months and cause significant psychosocial distress or impairment in important areas of their life. In the DSM-IV , sexual interest in body parts was distinguished from fetishism under the name partialism (diagnosed as Paraphilia NOS ), but it was merged with fetishistic disorder for the DSM-5. The ReviseF65 project campaigned for the International Classification of Diseases (ICD)’s fetish-related diagnoses to be abolished completely to avoid stigmatizing fetishists. On 18 June 2018,

1769-482: The ceiling named "Blitz horn", that were specially designed for the club, and allow the DJ to create three-dimensional sound effects. Instead of concentrating the attention on the DJ and placing them on a raised stage , the main floor and the sound system were designed to set the focus on the dance floor and the dancers. All in all, the puristic club design is optimized for the sound and dance experience, while oversized branding

1830-738: The club as one of "10 of the best new clubs on the planet to go raving at" in 2017. In the annual readers' poll of Faze Magazine , the club was voted third best in 2017, and fourth best in 2019. In the annual reader poll of Groove magazine, the club was also voted one of the best in 2017 (4th place). DE-BY_type:landmark 48°7′53″N 11°35′8.2″E  /  48.13139°N 11.585611°E  / 48.13139; 11.585611 Deutsches Museum The Deutsches Museum ( German Museum , officially Deutsches Museum von Meisterwerken der Naturwissenschaft und Technik (English: German Museum of Masterpieces of Science and Technology )) in Munich , Germany,

1891-468: The electrical technology exhibition at the Glaspalast in Munich. In 1883 he joined AEG and founded an engineering office in Munich. The Frankfurt electricity exhibition in 1891 and several power plants contributed to the reputation of Oskar von Miller. In the early years, the exhibition and the collection of the Deutsches Museum were strongly influenced personally by Oskar von Miller. A few months before

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1952-442: The event's poor planning and management. In addition to being a techno club, Blitz also hosts a vegetarian Mexican & Central American restaurant on the same site, which is run separately and independently by Sandra Forster, a prominent name in the Munich gastronomy scene. It has received significant attention from newspapers and gastronomy magazines for its outstanding menu and unique interior design. Its outdoor terrace hosts

2013-432: The evidence base for these techniques is weak). The prevalence of fetishism is not known with certainty. Fetishism is more common in males. In a 2011 study, 30% of men reported fetishistic fantasies, and 24.5% had engaged in fetishistic acts. Of those reporting fantasies, 45% said the fetish was intensely sexually arousing. In a 2014 study, 26.3% of women and 27.8% of men acknowledged any fantasies about "having sex with

2074-448: The fetish and improve partner communication using techniques like sensate focusing . Partners may agree to incorporate the fetish into their activities in a controlled, time-limited manner, or set aside only certain days to practice the fetishism. If the fetishist cannot sustain an erection without the fetish object, the therapist might recommend orgasmic reconditioning or covert sensitization to increase arousal to normal stimuli (although

2135-401: The groups about clothing, 33% belonged to groups about clothes worn on the legs or buttocks (such as stockings or skirts), 32% about footwear ( shoe fetishism ), 12% about underwear ( underwear fetishism ), and 9% about whole-body wear such as jackets. Less popular object groups focused on headwear, stethoscopes, wristwear, pacifiers , and diapers ( diaper fetishism ). Erotic asphyxiation is

2196-420: The guiding principle form follows function . The rooms were optimized for the acoustic experience together with sound engineers, architects and acousticians . In order to achieve optimal room acoustics , there are hardly any right angles in the club, but specially shaped panels made of beech wood and perforated sheet that were developed according to the specifications of an acoustician. In order to gently scatter

2257-617: The island and, after the flooding of 1899, the buildings were rebuilt with flood protection. In 1903 the city council announced that they would donate the island for the newly built Deutsches Museum. The island formerly known as Kohleninsel (coal island) was then renamed Museumsinsel. In addition to the main site on the Museumsinsel , the museum has two branches in and near Munich, one in Bonn , and one in Nuremberg . The Flugwerft Schleißheim branch

2318-417: The issue of hyperactive pleasure seeking which can result in strangulation when there is no one to help if the device gets too tight and strangles the user. Devotism involves being attracted to disability or body modifications on another person that are the result of amputation for example. Devotism is only a sexual fetish when the person who has the fetish considers the amputated body part on another person

2379-433: The jacket. Similar sexual conditioning has been demonstrated in gouramis , marmosets and Japanese quails . Possible boot fetishism has been reported in two different primates from the same zoo. Whenever a boot was placed near the first, a common chimpanzee born in captivity, he would invariably stare at it, touch it, become erect, rub his penis against the boot, masturbate, and then consume his ejaculate. The second,

2440-634: The library was able to reopen, followed by the congress hall in January 1946. A special exhibit on fifty years of the Diesel engine opened in October 1947 and the regular exhibits began reopening in May 1948. Not until 1965, more than twenty years after the end of the war in Germany, did the exhibit area match (and then exceed) pre-war size. During the 1950s, the museum focused on natural sciences rather than technology and many of

2501-453: The museum displays are backed up by documents available in a public library and archives, which are open seven days a week to ensure access to the working public. Before and during World War II the museum was put on a shoestring budget by the Nazi party and many exhibits were allowed to get out of date with a few exceptions such as the new automobile room dedicated on 7 May 1937. By the end of 1944

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2562-452: The museum was badly damaged by air bombings with 80% of the buildings and 20% of the exhibits damaged or destroyed. As Allied troops marched into Munich in April 1945, museum director, Karl Bässler, barely managed to keep the last standing bridge to Museum Island from being blown up by retreating German troops. Following the war the museum had to be closed for repairs and temporary tenants, such as

2623-625: The object of sexual interest. Fetishism usually becomes evident during puberty, but may develop prior to that. No single cause for fetishism has been conclusively established. Some explanations invoke classical conditioning . In several experiments, men have been conditioned to show arousal to stimuli like boots, geometric shapes or penny jars by pairing these cues with conventional erotica. According to John Bancroft , conditioning alone cannot explain fetishism, because it does not result in fetishism for most people. He suggests that conditioning combines with some other factor, such as an abnormality in

2684-462: The permanent museum. The first name of the museum, the "German Museum for Masterpieces of Natural Science and Technology", was not meant to limit the museum to German advances in science and technology, but to express the importance of science and technology to the German people. Oskar von Miller opened the new museum on his 70th birthday, 2 May 1925, after a delay of almost ten years. From the beginning,

2745-696: The rarity of female fetishists. Most fetishes are visual in nature, and males are thought to be more sexually sensitive to visual stimuli. Roy Baumeister suggests that male sexuality is unchangeable, except for a brief period in childhood during which fetishism could become established, while female sexuality is fluid throughout life. Under the DSM-5 , fetishism is sexual arousal from nonliving objects or specific nongenital body parts, excluding clothes used for cross-dressing (as that falls under transvestic disorder ) and sex toys that are designed for genital stimulation. In order to be diagnosed as fetishistic disorder ,

2806-543: The sexual learning process. Theories of sexual imprinting propose that humans learn to recognize sexually desirable features and activities during childhood. Fetishism could result when a child is imprinted with an overly narrow or incorrect concept of a sex object. Imprinting seems to occur during the child's earliest experiences with arousal and desire, and is based on "an egocentric evaluation of salient reward- or pleasure-related characteristics that differ from one individual to another." Neurological differences may play

2867-549: The smallest exhibit space of 34,140 square meters (8½ acres). This was followed by an extensive reconstruction effort and additional building bringing the total exhibit space to 55,000 square meters (13½ acres) by 1993. The 1980s and '90s also brought agreements with the Science Centre in Bonn and the government resulting in the creation of Deutsches Museum Bonn and the Flugwerft Schleißheim airfield exhibit. In 1996,

2928-453: The sound waves, a seemingly chaotic honeycomb structure, which was modelled after the swarm behaviour of fish, birds and insects and calculated by a specially developed computer algorithm in a week, is milled into the surfaces of these wall panels. The club uses a custom-made PA system by VOID, which is arranged as a four-point system, so that there is a PA tower in each corner around the dance floor, as well as 360-degree tweeters hanging from

2989-532: The source of manifold adult behavior, amongst many others fetishism. He speculated that the child's transitional object became sexualized. Human fetishism has been compared to Pavlovian conditioning of sexual response in other animals. Sexual attraction to certain cues can be artificially induced in rats . Both male and female rats will develop a sexual preference for neutrally or even noxiously scented partners if those scents are paired with their early sexual experiences. Injecting morphine or oxytocin into

3050-588: The traditional large exhibits, such as civil engineering, were reduced in size to make way for more modern technological advances. At a speech on the donation of a Opel RAK 2 rocket-car replica to the Deutsches Museum, rocket pioneer Fritz von Opel summarized the history of rocketry ("Ein Pionier des Raketenantriebs berichtet", April 3, 1968) beginning with ancient rocket technologies over the world's first rocket program Opel RAK , initiated by Max Valier , Friedrich Wilhelm Sander and himself, to NASA's space missions of

3111-799: The two conditions. The DSM-5 subsequently did so, in 2013. In a review of 48 cases of clinical fetishism in 1983, fetishes included clothing (58.3%), rubber and rubber items (22.9%), footwear (14.6%), body parts (14.6%), leather (10.4%), and soft materials or fabrics (6.3%). A 2007 study counted members of Internet discussion groups with the word fetish in their name. Of the groups about body parts or features, 47% belonged to groups about feet ( podophilia ), 9% about body fluids (including urophilia , scatophilia , lactaphilia , menophilia , mucophilia ), 9% about body size, 7% about hair ( hair fetish ), and 5% about muscles ( muscle worship ). Less popular groups focused on navels ( navel fetishism ), legs, body hair, mouth, and nails, among other things. Of

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3172-400: The unconscious fear of the mother's genitals, from men's universal fear of castration, and from a man's fantasy that his mother had had a penis but that it had been cut off. He did not discuss sexual fetishism in women. In 1951, Donald Winnicott presented his theory of transitional objects and phenomena , according to which childish actions like thumb sucking and objects like cuddly toys are

3233-404: The use of choking to increase the pleasure in sex. The fetish also includes an individualized part that involves choking oneself during the act of masturbation, which is known as auto-erotic asphyxiation. This usually involves a person being connected and strangled by a homemade device that is tight enough to give them pleasure but not tight enough to suffocate them to death. This is dangerous due to

3294-465: The word fetish is used to refer to any sexually arousing stimuli, not all of which meet the medical criteria for fetishism. This broader usage of fetish covers parts or features of the body (including obesity and body modifications), objects, situations and activities (such as smoking or BDSM ). Paraphilias such as urophilia , necrophilia and coprophilia have been described as fetishes. Originally, most medical sources defined fetishism as

3355-455: Was a passionate flyer. The Flugwerft Schleißheim displays various interesting airplanes for which there was insufficient room at the Museumsinsel site in downtown Munich. Among the more prominent exhibits is a Horten flying wing glider built in the 1940s, restored from the few surviving parts. A collection of the German constructions of VTOL (vertical take off and landing) planes developed in

3416-505: Was also a venue for the Germany-wide Telekom Electronic Beats Clubnight series. The club also offers a series of events for the gay fetish scene called Cruise . The club has a strict ban on photography and filming to ensure that guests can concentrate fully on dancing. According to the operators, however, the club also wants to be a place of inclusion without a strict door policy. Since the club's curfew

3477-578: Was also used to host pop and rock concerts including The Who , Jimi Hendrix and Elton John . The main site of the Deutsches Museum is a small island in the Isar river, which had been used for rafting wood since the Middle Ages. The island did not have any buildings before 1772 because it was regularly flooded prior to the building of the Sylvensteinspeicher . In 1772 the Isar barracks were built on

3538-446: Was lifted in July 2017, it is now allowed to remain open until the morning hours. The club's opening event on 22 April 2017 made headlines throughout Germany. In the weeks leading up to the opening event, extensive media coverage had generated significant hype for the opening night and resulted in large crowds turning up at Museumsinsel. Instead of the permitted maximum of 800 guests, the club

3599-558: Was opened in 1995 and focuses on German technology, science and research after 1945. The latest opening of a branch was the Deutsches Museum Nuremberg - "Das Zukunftsmuseum", in September 2021. It focuses on future technology and its impact on humans and society. Oskar von Miller studied electrical engineering and is otherwise known for building the first high voltage line from Miesbach to Munich (57 km) in 1882 for

3660-432: Was quickly overcrowded with 1,500 people. The situation escalated as crowds began to spill onto access roads, emergency exits, escape routes and nearby tram tracks. This resulted in a major fire brigade and police intervention to defuse the situation. Police and fire services blocked a nearby major arterial road, cleared the venue's front terrace and sent hundreds of people home. Numerous disappointed guests later criticized

3721-571: Was the pathological result of associations . He argued that, in certain vulnerable individuals, an emotionally rousing experience with the fetish object in childhood could lead to fetishism. Richard von Krafft-Ebing and Havelock Ellis also believed that fetishism arose from associative experiences, but disagreed on what type of predisposition was necessary. The sexologist Magnus Hirschfeld followed another line of thought when he proposed his theory of partial attractiveness in 1920. According to his argument, sexual attractiveness never originates in

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