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23-478: The current building is the second Blake Transit Center, built in the early 2010s to replace a smaller building on the west side of the block that could no longer manage the increased utilization. The Blake is the largest of the AAATA's three transit centers, serving as a destination for 17 routes. It serves as the main hub for Ann Arbor's hub-and-spoke bus transportation model. Four of these routes (3, 4, 5 and 6) connect

46-544: A bilateral security architecture in East Asia that is different from the multilateral security architecture in Europe. The US acts as a "hub", and Asian countries like South Korea and Japan are its "spokes". There is a strong connection between the hub and the spoke, but weak or no connections between the spokes themselves. In April 2014, all ten ASEAN defense chiefs and United States Secretary of Defense Chuck Hagel attended

69-464: A central "hub". Simple forms of this distribution/connection model contrast with point-to-point transit systems, in which each point has a direct route to every other point, and which modeled the principal method of transporting passengers and freight until the 1970s. Delta Air Lines pioneered the spoke–hub distribution model in 1955, and the concept revolutionized the transportation logistics industry after Federal Express demonstrated its value in

92-526: A staff break room. The building was constructed in part due to the increase in ridership since the original building was constructed, and in part due to the increase in bus traffic, with the old building handling 40 buses per hour at its peak. Construction of the 12,019 square foot facility cost $ 8.1 million. The grand opening on July 7, 2014 was attended by U.S. Representative John Dingell and Ann Arbor mayor John Hieftje , amongst other notable federal and state officials and local civic leaders. Immediately to

115-476: A true point-to-point system would require 15 routes. However distance traveled per route will necessarily be more than with a point-to-point system (except where the route happens to have no interchange). Therefore, efficiency may be reduced. Conversely, for the same number of aircraft, having fewer routes to fly means each route can be flown more frequently and with higher capacity because the demand for passengers can be resourced from more than just one city (assuming

138-727: The spoke-hub distribution paradigm in which the transportation goes to a central location where passengers change to another train, bus, or plane to reach their destination. The point-to-point model is used widely by low-cost carriers , including Allegiant Air and Southwest Airlines in the U.S., and European carriers such as Ryanair , easyJet and Wizzair , along with some low-cost carriers in Asia like AirAsia , Lion Air and VietJet Air , for example. Many such airlines sell each flight leg independently and have no concept of round-trip ticketing or connecting flights so baggage must be collected and rechecked even to transfer between flights booked at

161-509: The Blake is one stop for the Indian Trails line 1488, which connects to Detroit, Jackson , Lansing , Clare , Gaylord , and St. Ignace . The original single-floor transit center was built in 1987 for the purpose of moving bus stops off Fourth Avenue and preventing transferring riders from having to cross the street; the cost of the project was just over $ 1 million. In 1989, the transit center

184-608: The Blake to the smaller Ypsilanti Transit Center by various routes. In addition to serving local routes, the BTC is also the Ann Arbor terminus of the D2A2 , an hourly express bus service to Grand Circus Park in downtown Detroit . It also serves as the Ann Arbor stop on the Michigan Flyer, an intercity service connecting to East Lansing , Brighton , and Detroit Metropolitan Airport . Finally,

207-564: The US–ASEAN Defense Forum in Hawaii. The meeting was the first time the US hosted the forum and was part of a US attempt to get the countries to strengthen military ties between themselves. Point-to-point transit Point-to-point transit is a transportation system in which a plane, bus, or train travels directly to a destination, rather than going through a central hub . This differs from

230-470: The airline industry was deregulated in 1978, several other airlines adopted Delta's hub-and-spoke paradigm. Airlines have extended the hub-and-spoke model in various ways. One method is to create additional hubs on a regional basis and to create major routes between them. That reduces the need to travel long distances between nodes near one another. Another method is to use focus cities to implement point-to-point service for high-traffic routes and to bypass

253-473: The early 1970s. In the late 1970s the telecommunications and information technology sector subsequently adopted this distribution topology, dubbing it the star network network topology. "Hubbing" involves "the arrangement of a transportation network as a hub-and-spoke model". The hub-and-spoke model, as compared to the point-to-point model, requires fewer routes. For a network of n  nodes, only n − 1 routes are necessary to connect all nodes so

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276-410: The hub entirely. The spoke–hub model is applicable to other forms of transportation as well: For passenger road transport , the spoke–hub model does not apply because drivers generally take the shortest or fastest route between two points. However, the road network as a whole likewise contains higher order roads like limited access highways and more local roads with most trips starting and ending at

299-506: The hub, but it is problematic for time-critical cargo, as well as for passengers. The necessity of baggage transfers at the hub also increases the risk of missing luggage, as compared to the point-to-point model. In 1955, Delta Air Lines pioneered the hub-and-spoke system at its hub in Atlanta , Georgia , in an effort to compete with Eastern Air Lines . In the mid-1970s FedEx adopted the hub-and-spoke model for overnight package delivery. After

322-640: The hub-and-spokes paradigm refers to the network of alliances the United States has built individually with other East Asian countries. The 1951 Security Treaty Between the United States and Japan , the 1953 U.S.–South Korea Status of Forces Agreement and the 1954 Mutual Defense Treaty between the United States and the Republic of China (later replaced by the Taiwan Relations Act ) are some examples of such bilateral security relationships. The system creates

345-430: The latter but spending most of the distance on the former. The hub-and-spoke model has also been used in economic geography theory to classify a particular type of industrial district. Economic geographer Ann Markusen theorized about industrial districts, with a number of key industrial firms and facilities acting as a hub, with associated businesses and suppliers benefiting from their presence and arranged around them like

368-414: The network. The total cargo capacity of the network is limited by the hub's capacity. Delays at the hub (such as from bad weather conditions) can result in delays throughout the network. Cargo must pass through the hub before reaching its destination and so require longer journeys than direct point-to-point trips. That may be desirable for freight, which can benefit from sorting and consolidating operations at

391-416: The passengers are willing to change, which will of itself incur its own costs). Complicated operations, such as package sorting and accounting, can be carried out at the hub rather than at every node, and this leads to economies of scale . As a result of this, spokes are simpler to operate, and so new routes can easily be created. In addition, the hub constitutes a bottleneck or single point of failure in

414-491: The same time on the same airline. Although there are many point-to-point airlines, most have at least a "homebase" airport where most flights originate or depart. The United States airport system was point-to-point, controlled by CAB , until deregulation in the late 1960s and early 1970s. After the 1978 Airline Deregulation Act , the hub concept became prevalent. With the advent of low-cost carriers, point-to-point air transport increased. Some full-service network carriers operate

437-430: The south of the Blake at 350 S Fifth Ave is a surface parking lot commonly called "The Y Lot" due to its history as the former site of a YMCA building that provided affordable housing in downtown Ann Arbor. Due in part to the increase in buses at the Blake, resulting in many buses stopping along Fourth Ave, the city has incorporated plans for four additional bus bays to extend the availability of off-street bus stops. The lot

460-439: The spokes of a wheel. The chief characteristic of such hub-and-spoke industrial districts is the importance of one or more large companies, usually in one industrial sector, surrounded by smaller, associated businesses. Examples of cities with such districts include Seattle (where Boeing was founded), Silicon Valley (a high tech hub), and Toyota City , with Toyota . In the context of East Asian geopolitics, Victor Cha says

483-455: The upper bound is n − 1 , and the complexity is O( n ). That compares favourably to the n ( n − 1 ) 2 {\displaystyle {\frac {n(n-1)}{2}}} routes, or O( n ), which would be required to connect each node to every other node in a point-to-point network. For example, in a system with 6 destinations, the spoke–hub system requires only 5 routes to connect all destinations, and

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506-836: Was renamed the Blake Transit Center following the unexpected death of Richard Dumas Blake. In his time working at the AATA, Blake worked as a bus driver, the Coordinator of School Services, the Safety Director, and the Systems Manager for Marketing. Blake was well known in the community for his outreach programs including Charlie Bus, a program to teach elementary school children to ride the bus. The current version broke ground on November 19, 2012. This new building includes more modern facilities and more space, including restrooms, offices and

529-550: Was sold to the Ann Arbor Housing Development Corporation in September 2023, and a Request for Proposals is open until 8 February 2024. Spoke-hub distribution paradigm The spoke–hub distribution paradigm (also known as the hub-and-spoke system ) is a form of transport topology optimization in which traffic planners organize routes as a series of " spokes " that connect outlying points to

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