22-429: Black Cherry may refer to: Prunus serotina Dark-skinned cultivars of Prunus avium , such as Kordia cherry Black Cherry (Goldfrapp album) , 2003 Black Cherry (Goldfrapp song) , 2003 Black Cherry (Kumi Koda album) , 2006 Black Cherry (Rachel Stamp song) , 2002 Black Cherry (wrestler) , a Japanese professional wrestler Black Cherry (band) ,
44-580: A London, UK electronic indie band Black Cherry , a graphic novel by Doug TenNapel Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Black Cherry . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Black_Cherry&oldid=1006948383 " Categories : Disambiguation pages Plant common name disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description
66-483: A height of 15–24 metres (49–79 feet). The leaves are 5–13 centimetres (2–5 inches) long, ovate-lanceolate in shape, with finely toothed margins. Fall leaf color is yellow to red. Flowers are small, white and 5-petalled, in racemes 10–15 cm (4–6 in) long which contain several dozen flowers. The flowers give rise to reddish-black "berries" ( drupes ) fed on by birds, 5–10 millimetres ( 1 ⁄ 4 – 3 ⁄ 8 in) in diameter. For about its first decade
88-486: A subgenus also including Eurasian bird cherry ( P. padus ) and chokecherry ( P. virginiana ). The species is widespread and common in North America and South America. Black cherry is closely related to the chokecherry ( P. virginiana ); chokecherry, however, tends to be shorter (a shrub or small tree) and has smaller, less glossy leaves. Prunus serotina is a medium-sized, fast-growing forest tree growing to
110-543: A trunk up to 50 cm (20 in) diameter. Occasionally on extremely productive sites, this species can reach heights in excess of 30 meters and 60 cm diameter. The leaves are alternately arranged, deciduous , 8–20 cm (3.1–7.9 in) long and 4–9 cm (1.6–3.5 in) broad, with a finely serrated margin; they are dark green in summer, but turn vivid red in fall. The flowers are white, bell-shaped, 6–9 mm ( 1/4 to 1/3 inch) long, produced on 15–25 cm (5.9–9.8 in) long panicles . The fruit
132-425: Is a capsule , downy, five-valved, five-angled, and tipped by the persistent style; the pedicels are curving. The sourwood is hardy in the north and a worthy ornamental tree in lawns and parks. Its late bloom makes it desirable, and its autumnal coloring is particularly beautiful and brilliant. The leaves are heavily charged with acid, and to some extent have the poise of those of the peach . The leaves are also
154-415: Is a small woody capsule . The roots are shallow, and the tree grows best when there is little root competition; it also requires acidic soils for successful growth. The leaves can be chewed (but should not be swallowed) to help alleviate a dry-feeling mouth. The bark is gray with a reddish tinge, deeply furrowed and scaly. Branchlets at first are light yellow green, but later turn reddish brown. The wood
176-456: Is around 560 kg/m (35 lb/cu ft ). Prunus serotina was widely introduced into Western and Central Europe as an ornamental tree in the mid-20th century, where it has become locally naturalized . It has acted as an invasive species there, negatively affecting forest community biodiversity and regeneration. Sourwood Oxydendrum arboreum , / ˌ ɒ k s ɪ ˈ d ɛ n d r ə m ɑːr ˈ b ɔːr i ə m /
198-684: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Prunus serotina Prunus serotina , commonly called black cherry , wild black cherry , rum cherry , or mountain black cherry , is a deciduous tree or shrub in the rose family Rosaceae . Despite being called black cherry, it is not very closely related to the commonly cultivated cherries, such as sweet cherry ( P. avium ), sour cherry ( P. cerasus ) and Japanese flowering cherries ( P. serrulata , P. speciosa , P. sargentii , P. incisa , etc.), which belong to Prunus subg. Cerasus . Instead, P. serotina belongs to Prunus subg. Padus ,
220-418: Is five-parted and persistent; lobes are valvate in bud. The corolla is ovoid-cylindric, narrowed at the throat, cream-white, and five-toothed. The 10 stamens are inserted on the corolla; filaments are wider than the anthers ; anthers are two-celled. The pistil is ovary superior, ovoid, and five-celled; the style is columnar; the stigma is simple; the disk is ten-toothed, and ovules are many. The fruit
242-434: Is reddish brown, with paler sapwood ; it is heavy, hard, and close-grained, and will take a high polish. Its specific gravity is 0.7458, with a density of 46.48 lb/cu ft. The winter buds are axillary , minute, dark red, and partly immersed in the bark. Inner scales enlarge when spring growth begins. Leaves are alternate , four to seven inches long, 1.5 to 2.5 inches wide, oblong to oblanceolate , wedge-shaped at
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#1732914053754264-707: The Midwest , it is seen growing mostly in old fields with other sunlight-loving species, such as black walnut , black locust , and hackberry . Gleason and Cronquist (1991) describe P. serotina as "[f]ormerly a forest tree, now abundant as a weed-tree of roadsides, waste land, and forest-margins". It is a moderately long-lived tree, with ages of up to 258 years known, though it is prone to storm damage, with branches breaking easily; any decay resulting, however, only progresses slowly. Fruit production begins around 10 years of age, but does not become heavy until 30 years and continues up to 100 years or more. Germination rates are high, and
286-448: The bark of a black cherry tree is thin, smooth, and banded, resembling a birch . A mature tree has very broken, dark gray to black bark. The leaves are long and shiny, resembling a sourwood 's. An almond-like odour is released when a young twig is scratched and held close to the nose, revealing minute amounts of cyanide compounds produced and stored by the plant as a defense mechanism against herbivores . Like apricots and apples,
308-542: The sourwood or sorrel tree , is the sole species in the genus Oxydendrum , in the family Ericaceae . It is native to eastern North America , from southern Pennsylvania south to northwest Florida and west to southern Illinois ; it is most common in the lower chain of the Appalachian Mountains . The tree is frequently seen as a component of oak-heath forests . Sourwood is a small tree or large shrub , growing to 10–20 m (33–66 ft) tall with
330-559: The base, serrate, and acute or acuminate . Leaf veins are feather-veined , the midrib is conspicuous. They emerge from the bud revolute , bronze green and shining, and smooth; when full-grown, they are dark green, shining above, and pale and glaucous below. In autumn, they turn bright scarlet. Petioles are long and slender, with stipules wanting. They are heavily laden with acid. In June and July, cream-white flowers are borne in terminal panicles of secund racemes seven to eight inches long; rachis and short pedicels are downy. The calyx
352-639: The caterpillars of more than 450 species of butterflies and moths, including those of the eastern tiger swallowtail ( Papilio glaucus ) , cherry gall azure ( Celastrina serotina ) , viceroy ( Limenitis archippus ) , and red-spotted purple/white admiral ( Limenitis arthemis ) butterflies and the cecropia ( Hyalophora cecropia ) , promethea ( Callosamia promethea ) , polyphemus ( Antheraea polyphemus ) , small-eyed sphinx ( Paonias myops ) , wild cherry sphinx ( Sphinx drupiferarum ) , banded tussock ( Halysidota tessellaris ) , spotted apatelodes ( Apatelodes torrefacta ) , and band-edged prominent moths. Deer browse
374-473: The enzymes needed to convert them to cyanide, so the flesh is safe to eat. The foliage, particularly when wilted, also contains cyanogenic glycosides, which convert to hydrogen cyanide if eaten by animals. Farmers are recommended to remove any trees that fall in a field containing livestock, because the wilted leaves could poison the animals. Removal is not always practical, though, because these trees often grow in very large numbers on farms, taking advantage of
396-558: The foliage. Hyphantria cunea can inhibit the impact of cyanide within the plants' leaves due to its alkaline stomach acid. The eastern tent caterpillar defoliates entire groves some springs. Prunus serotina subsp. capuli was cultivated in Central and South America well before European contact. Known as capolcuahuitl in Nahuatl (the source of the capuli epithet), it was an important food in pre-Columbian Mexico. Native Americans ate
418-433: The fruit. Edible raw, the fruit is also made into jelly, and the juice can be used as a drink mixer, hence the common name 'rum cherry'. Prunus serotina timber is valuable; perhaps the premier cabinetry timber of the U.S., traded as "cherry". High quality cherry timber is known for its strong orange hues, tight grain and high price. Low-quality wood, as well as the sap wood, can be more tan. Its density when dried
440-407: The light brought about by mowing and grazing. Entire fencerows can be lined with this poisonous tree, making it difficult to monitor all the branches falling into the grazing area. Black cherry is a leading cause of livestock illness, and grazing animals' access to it should be limited. Prunus serotina has the following subspecies and varieties : Prunus serotina is a pioneer species . In
462-449: The seeds are widely dispersed by birds and bears who eat the fruit and then excrete them. Some seeds however may remain in the soil bank and not germinate for as long as three years. All Prunus species have hard seeds that benefit from scarification to germinate (which in nature is produced by passing through an animal's digestive tract). The tree is hardy and can tolerate poor soils and oceanic salt sprays [1] . P. serotina hosts
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#1732914053754484-476: The seeds of black cherries contain cyanogenic glycosides (compounds that can be converted into cyanide ), such as amygdalin . These compounds release hydrogen cyanide when the seed is ground or minced, which releases enzymes that break down the compounds. These enzymes include amygdalin beta-glucosidase , prunasin beta-glucosidase and mandelonitrile lyase . In contrast, although the flesh of black cherries also contains these glycosides, it does not contain
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