56-525: Birnin Kudu is a town and a Local Government Area in the south of Jigawa State , Nigeria , some 120 kilometres south-east of Kano . As of 2006 the town of Birnin Kudu had an estimated population of 419,800 and is the most populous local government in the state. Birnin Kudu is an old historic city renowned for its rocks and drawings found in some of them dating to centuries before the colonisation of Northern Nigeria and establishment of Native Authority (NA). The city
112-458: A "common understanding" of what hisbah are allowed to do, "they are expected to arrest criminals", but not "to enter people’s private homes or spy on them merely on the basis of suspicion". In practice, "these and other guidelines" have often been disregarded and people’s "right to privacy" violated. While Hisbah members have been responsible for "flogging and beating suspected criminals", unlike some vigilante groups "as of 2004, Human Rights Watch
168-507: A Hisbah group, but each of these hisbah is "unique". For example, as of 2016: "Kano and Zamfara hisbah have their foundations in state law", "have a legally sanctioned board or commission with state-wide powers", and get state funding to pay the salaries of "thousands of people". The hisbah in Gombe state "has no legal backing", no supporting legislation, no "state funding, and is made up of volunteers" who "sometimes have to contribute financially to
224-480: A long history of inter-marriages have continued to bind them together. About 3.6 million people inhabit Jigawa State. Life expectancy as at 2001 was about 52 years with a total fertility rate of about 6.2 children per woman of childbearing age (a little above the national average). Although population of the state is predominantly rural (90%), the distribution in terms of sex is almost equal between male (50.8%) and female (49.2%). This pattern of population distribution
280-530: A second round will be held between the top candidate and the next candidate to have received a plurality of votes in the highest number of local government Areas. There are two major religions in Jigawa state, they are Islam and Christianity but the most common religion is Islam. In Jigawa State about 99 percent of the population practice Islam. The Roman Catholic Diocese of Kano (1991) has 36 parishes, including Jigawa. The Anglican Diocese of Dutse (1996) within
336-477: Is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Jigawa State Jigawa State ( Hausa : Jihar Jigawa ; Fula : Leydi Jigawa 𞤤𞤫𞤴𞤮𞤤 𞤶𞤭𞤺𞤢𞤱𞤢) is one of the 36 states of Nigeria , located in the northern region of the country. Jigawa was created on 27 August 1991, under the General Ibrahim Babangida military administration. Jigawa State was formerly part of Kano State and
392-651: Is a criminal offence in both the civil law of Nigeria and shari'a law. The two most common religions in Nigeria, Islam and Christianity , as well as the traditions of the people forbid homosexuality. In 2014, homosexual men were targeted by Hisbah , the religious police. In Nigeria, federal law criminalizes homosexual behaviour, while states with Sharia law impose the death penalty, although no executions have been carried out. in December 2018, several women in Kano were arrested by
448-465: Is a unique opportunity for cross-border trading activities. The government readily took advantage of this by initiating and establishing a free trade zone at the border town of Maigatari in Niger . Jigawa has a yearly average temperature of 31.23 °C (88.21 °F) and it is 1.77% higher than Nigeria's averages. The state has a total land area of approximately 22,410 square kilometres. Its topography
504-681: Is among the important places in Jigawa state. It harbors the state's pharmacy(JiPharm), Farm Center(Medium Security Prison), Satellite prison, Federal Medical Center, State College of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Post Basic Midwifery, the tallest flag in West Africa(in Mallam Alu Fertilizer Industry), Nakudu Institute of Agriculture, FCE(Special), and other important establishment such as the Government College(established in 1951), Jigawa State Gifted and Talented School Bamaina and many more. The climate
560-552: Is characterized by undulating land, with sand dunes of various sizes spanning several kilometres in parts of the State. The southern part of Jigawa comprises the basement complex while the northeast is made up of sedimentary rocks of the Chad Formation. The main rivers are Hadejia , Kafin Hausa and Iggi Rivers with a number of tributaries feeding extensive marshlands in north-eastern part of
616-442: Is common. Scarcity of arable land within the state has become increasingly problematic in recent years, with arable farmland increasingly vulnerable to national disasters like flooding , which will become more prevalent due to climate change . As a result, tensions between farmers and nomadic Fulani herdsmen over arable land have turned violent in recent years . Jigawa State is one of thirty-six states that constitute
SECTION 10
#1732876423808672-437: Is led by a democratically elected governor who works closely with members of the state's house of assembly. The Capital city of the State is Dutse. The electoral system of each state is selected using a modified two-round system. To be elected in the first round, a candidate must receive the plurality of the vote and over 25% of the vote in at least two -third of the State local government Areas. If no candidate passes threshold,
728-646: Is one of the twelve states in the country to be governed by Sharia law . Jigawa State is famous for the Dutsen Habude cave paintings in the town of Birnin Kudu , which have been dated back to the Neolithic period. The town of Hadejia (formerly Biram ) is notable as being one of the traditional "seven true Hausa states ". The Jigawa State economy remains largely dependent on agriculture . Due to state's semi-arid climate, outward migration by workers to neighboring states such as Kano State in search of off-season work
784-542: Is oppressive, mostly cloudy, with a year-round temperature range of 55°F to 103°F, with occasional dips below 49°F or above 107°F. Due to dust and particulate matter, which are tiny airborne particles, Birnin Kudu has medium air quality. The air quality index forecasts are based on roadside and background index measurements, with dust and dust being the most dangerous pollutants. 11°27′00″N 9°28′30″E / 11.45°N 9.475°E / 11.45; 9.475 This Jigawa State , Nigeria location article
840-442: Is organized into ministries, extra-ministerial departments and parastatals, which are located across the three senatorial districts in the state since 1999. This decentralized approach to governmental administrative structure was seen as a move towards stimulating economic activities socio-economic development and empowerment over a wider area since government is the largest employer, perhaps second only to agriculture. In addition, this
896-436: Is same across various constituencies and between urban and rural areas. The 2002 CWIQ Survey indicated that 45.2% of the population was made up of young people below the age of 15; 49.0% between the ages of 15 and 59 while 5.8% were people aged 60 and above. This survey reveals a dependency ratio of almost 1; meaning that there is almost one dependent to every economically active person in the population. Average household size
952-449: Is still clear disparity between boys and girls. Basic indicators for water supply sector show that access to potable water is over 90%, which is among the highest in the country. The 2002 CWIQ Survey however, indicated that access to high quality safe drinking water (pipe born, hand pump boreholes and protected wells) is low at about 63%, while nearly 67% of households have good means of sanitation. In terms of health services, about 40% of
1008-706: Is yet to gain a solid footing, the seed for their development was planted through establishment of small-scale industries particularly in areas of food processing and other agro-allied activities such as the Jigawa ethanol programme . These industries have been helped by the Information Communication Technology program initiated by the Saminu Turaki , the states former governor. The Federal Office of Statistics, in 2001, classified Jigawa State among those with relatively high severity and incidence of poverty in
1064-492: The "coercive disciplinary functions" of hisbah attract media attention, hisbah are also or could also be involved in dispute resolution, marriage counselling, helping the poor, etc. Blasphemy is a criminal offense in both the Nigerian civil law and shari'a law. Some notable cases have been overturned or sent back to be retried. On 10 August 2020, Omar Farouq, a 16-year-old (tried as an adult under Islamic law having passed puberty),
1120-594: The Federal Republic of Nigeria. It is situated in the northwestern part of the country between latitudes 11.00°N to 13.00°N and longitudes 8.00°E to 10.15°E. Borders Kano State for 355 km (221 miles) and Katsina State for 164 km (102 miles) to the west, Bauchi State to the east and Yobe State for 193 km (120 miles) to the northeast. To the north, Jigawa shares an international border with Zinder Region in The Republic of Niger for 70 km, which
1176-570: The Hisbah for allegedly planning a same-sex wedding. In January 2019, the 11 women were fined by the Sharia court under the state’s Immoral Acts law. In July 2022, three men aged 20, 30 and 70 years old were charged with "committing the offence of sodomy" and sentenced to death by stoning ( rajm ). As of 30 June 2021, the Kano State Hisbah Board (Kano State is the most populous in Nigeria as of
SECTION 20
#17328764238081232-651: The Kano State Hisbah Board implemented the destruction of 1,975,000 bottles of beer worth over N200 million (almost $ 500,000 USD) that had been confiscated within metropolitan Kano. In 2020, the Kano State Islamic police shaved off the Mohawk hairstyles of young men on the pavements of Kano city. Another report state that afro hair was punished by Hisbah in Kaduna state. From the time Nigeria's Sharia courts were reintroduced in 1999 to 2020, only one death sentence passed by
1288-526: The State House of Assembly. In line with the democratic setting in the country, the governments at both the state and local government levels are elected, and comprise an executive with a unicameral legislature. The state legislature has 30 elected members each representing one of the state constituencies. To complete the state governance structure, there is an independent state judiciary as the third arm of government. The State Government administrative apparatus
1344-613: The State during the last five years, coupled with efforts made towards power generation via Independent Power Platforms, and the Internet Broadband Project, investment climate in Jigawa State in terms of economic infrastructure is quite promising. Currently the state has a Federal University which is situated in the state capital, Dutse and a state-owned University situated at Kafin Hausa Local Government Area of
1400-633: The State. Hadejia – Kafin Hausa River traverses the state from west to east through the Hadejia-Nguru wetlands and empties into the Lake Chad Basin . Most parts of Jigawa lie within the Sudan Savannah with elements of Guinea Savannah in the southern part.Total forest cover in the state is below national average of 14.8%. Due to both natural and human factors, forest cover is being depleted, making
1456-570: The Unified Courts System. The Sharia Court of Appeals reviews cases involving Sharia law, particularly in the North and Northeast regions of the country. This has caused controversy because while the Sharia Court of Appeals interprets and reviews cases relating to Islamic law, they must also interpret the common and customary laws of the other regions of Nigeria. Some argue that as implemented in
1512-412: The adoption of Sharia law violates Article 10 of the Nigerian constitution guaranteeing religious freedom. Twelve out of Nigeria's thirty-six states have Islam as the dominant religion. In 1999, those states chose to have Sharia courts as well as Customary courts. As of 2024, the following 12 states have instituted Sharia: To promote Islamic virtue and discourage vice, each of the twelve states has
1568-482: The country particularly the World Bank , UNDP , UNICEF , DFID and other international donor agencies and NGOs. Multilateral agencies have been a veritable source of development funds and technical assistance to State Government. Presently, the State partners with DFID, UNDP, UNICEF, IBRD, IFAD, ADF and some other International Development Agencies in pursuit of several development projects and programmes, particularly in
1624-697: The country, with a Gross Per Capita Income of N35, 000 per annum (US$ 290), which is below the National Average; till date Jigawa State is being rate among the poorest states in Nigeria. However, the 2002 Core Welfare Indicators Questionnaire (CWIQ) Survey indicated that over two-fifths of the population do not consider themselves poor. The State of infrastructure for economic development such as roads, electricity, telecommunication and information technology have recently witnessed tremendous improvements through massive rehabilitation and expansion works. With massive road rehabilitation projects already undertaken throughout
1680-524: The courts has been carried out. In 2002, a man who pled guilty to murdering a woman and her two children was convicted under Sharia laws in Katsina State and hanged. Recognized as a federal court of appeals under the government of Nigeria, the Sharia Court of Appeals is the most controversial of the judicial system. It exists within the Federal Capital Territory of Nigeria and is a part of
1736-444: The governorship of late Audu Bako , the governor of old Kano State (comprising present Kano and Jigawa states). By the 1999 Constitution of Federal Republic of Nigeria, the state comprises 27 local government councils, which are divided into 30 state constituencies, grouped into 11 federal constituencies and 3 senatorial districts. These 27 local government councils were further subdivided into 77 development areas by law No. 5 of 2004 of
Birnin Kudu - Misplaced Pages Continue
1792-488: The hisbah after it accused owners of "corrupt acts". In 2002, negative light was brought to Sharia in northern Nigeria when Amina Lawal, a single mother in Katsina State , was accused of adultery and sentenced to death by stoning by a state Sharia court for conceiving a child out of wedlock; the father was released without conviction for lack of evidence. Lawal's conviction provoked outrage both in southern Nigeria and
1848-430: The most recent census) banned the use of mannequins "to display clothes by tailors, supermarkets and boutique owners" in Kano state. The Hisbah Commander-in-Chief, Ustaz Harun Muhammad Sani Ibn Sina issued a statement: “Hisbah prohibits the use of mannequins at shops, commercial and private residences and other public places. This violates Islamic provisions, it is also responsible for immoral thoughts among some members of
1904-476: The north, Sharia violates the Constitution of Nigeria . Sharia used to be categorized as a customary law in Nigeria. This position has changed given the judicial pronouncement in the case of Alkamawa V Bello(1998) LPELR-SC.293/1991 Hence, Sharia is now seen as a distinct and universal legal system. There have been numerous riots over the implementation of Sharia, primarily involving non-Muslim minorities in
1960-408: The northern part of the state highly vulnerable to desert encroachment. The state enjoys vast fertile arable land to which almost all tropical crops could adapt, thus constituting one of its highly prized natural resources. The Sudan savannah vegetation zone is also made up of vast grazing lands suitable for livestock production. Jigawa state is prone to perennial floods which have constantly ravaged
2016-408: The police". Human Rights Watch sees as problematic the fact that "the majority" of hisbah members have "a low level of formal education, no background in law, and no training in law enforcement or procedures for arrest, investigation, or gathering of evidence. Human Rights Watch is not aware of any women joining the hisbah in Nigeria." While there are not set laws on hisbah procedure, according to
2072-457: The population have access to medical services which is, however, higher in urban areas where access was found to be about 55%. The CWIQ Survey found that an average of 70% of those who consulted a health facility expressed satisfaction with the services provided. Jigawa State is struggling with desertification, and timber cutting equipment is contributing to the destruction of trees. Low timber output rates lead to socioeconomic problems and endanger
2128-600: The province of Kaduna, is led by Bishop Markus Yohanna Danbinta (2016), also the Evangelical Church Winning All is well established in the state. Jigawa State—created out of the old Kano State in August 1991—is one of the 36 states in Federal Republic of Nigeria. The agitation for the creation of the state was led by Malam Inuwa-Dutse, a former commissioner in the Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resources during
2184-404: The public, all these are against Islam." In August 2021, it forbade the use of mannequins with heads to advertise clothing in shops, Ibn Sina stating, "Islam frowns on idolatry. With the head on it looks like a human being." the headless mannequins should be "covered at all times" because to show "the shape of the breast, the shape of the bottom, is contrary to the teachings of Sharia". In 2020,
2240-473: The push for the institution of Sharia at the state level of government. A "declaration of full Sharia law" was made in the twelve states in that year, and the states created Islamic legal institutions such as a Sharia Commission, and Zakat Commission, and a hisbah (a sort of an Islamic police). According to some critics (Leo Igwe, chair of the board of trustees for the Humanist Association of Nigeria),
2296-448: The running of the organization". Borno state hisbah "exists only on paper." According to Human Rights Watch , hisbah activities in Nigeria bear a similarity to other vigilante groups in that country, in that they are "made up mostly of locally-recruited young men who usually patrol their own neighborhoods and sometimes instantly administer punishments on people suspected of carrying out an offense, without, or before, handing them over to
Birnin Kudu - Misplaced Pages Continue
2352-461: The sphere of pro-poor growth, poverty reduction, education, and positive reform programmes such as Public Expenditure Management, Health Systems and Justice System Reforms. Sharia in Nigeria In Nigeria , Sharia has been instituted as a main body of civil and criminal law in twelve Muslim-majority states since 1999, when then- Zamfara State governor Ahmad Sani Yerima began
2408-465: The state) and Alh Sule lamido, who was a Governor of jigawa state from 29 May 2007 to 29 May 2015. Birnin Kudu has 11 political wards, namely Kantoga, Kangire, Kwangwara, Kiyako, Sundumina, Surko, Lafiya, Unguwar ƴa, Yalwan damai, Birnin Kudu, and Wurno. Muhd Kabir Ibrahim is the current member representing Birnin Kudu in Jigawa state House of assembly, 2024 to 2027. Birnin Kudu Rock Paintings
2464-530: The state, causeing extensive damage and destruction, wreaking havoc on farm lands. The socio-cultural situation in Jigawa State could be described as homogeneous: it is mostly populated by Hausa / Fulani , who can be found in all parts of the state. Kanuri are largely found in Hadejia Emirate, with some traces of Badawa mainly in its Northeastern parts. Even though each of the three dominant tribes have continued to maintain their ethnic identity, Islam and
2520-961: The state. There is also Federal Polytechnic in Kazaure, Hussaini Adamu Federal Polytechnic , and a two state owned polytechnics; Binyaminu Usman Polytechnic, Jigawa State Polytechnic situated at Hadejia and Dutse respectively and a number of Monotechnics across the state. Established in 2011. The following tertiary Institutions are located in Jigawa State Federal Highways: One road to Niger from Gumel at Maigatari to RN13 to Dungass . Other major roads: Railway: The 1067 mm Cape gauge Western Railway Line northeast from Kano via Gagarwa, Kaugama and Malum Maduri terminates at Nguru in Yobe State . Airports: Dutse International with flights to Abuja . Government of Jigawa State relates very well with multilateral agencies in
2576-636: The states that implemented the system. One riot against "the decision of the Kano state government to adopt Sharia law" led to the death over 100 people in October 2001 in Kano State . In theory, the sharia legal system and hisbah enforcement apply only to Muslims, but according to the BBC, "in reality, non-Muslims come under pressure to adhere to the hisbah's rulings". In 2020, trucks carrying alcoholic beverages belonging to non-Muslims were destroyed and bars were raided by
2632-704: The survival of priceless and beneficial trees. The Bade language is spoken in Guri LGA, Manga is spoken in Birniwa , Kiri Kasama , parts of Malam Madori , Kaugama and Guri LGAs. The Warji language is spoken in Birnin Kudu LGA, and the Duwai language is spoken in Hadejia LGA. Major languages are Hausa , Kanuri and Fula (spoken by the Fulani). The State government
2688-409: Was about 6.7 almost all of which were headed by males. About 60% of household heads were self-employed with agriculture as their main occupation, and nearly 67% of these households were monogamous families. The overall literacy rate was about 37% in 2002 (22 percent for women and 51 percent for men). School enrolment ratio is fairly high with very good improvements in the last few years, even though there
2744-790: Was also seen as a way for spreading even development among major urban centers and a shift from "city-state syndrome" that obtained in the old Kano State. Jigawa State consists of twenty-seven (27) Local Government Areas , They are: The economy of Jigawa State is largely characterized by informal sector activities with agriculture as the major economic activity. Over 80% of the population is engaged in subsistence farming and animal husbandry. Trade and commerce are undertaken on small and medium scale, especially in agric goods, livestock and other consumer goods. Other informal sector activities include blacksmithing, leather-works, tailoring services, auto repairs, metal works, carpentry, tanning, dyeing, food processing, masonry etc. Even though modern industrial sector
2800-849: Was an NA headquarters during the British rule and has been the capital of Birnin Kudu Local Government Area. Birnin Kudu is the most populous local government in Jigawa state according to 2006 census, though the city experiences slow infrastructural development. It is also a city where Gwaram and Buji local government where separated from in 1996. It is home to one of the oldest schools in northern Nigeria, Government College Birnin Kudu, from where many Northern Leaders and businessmen emerged including Alhaji Aliko dangote (Richest man in Africa). In recent politics, Birnin Kudu has produced two governors of Jigawa State (Alh Ali Sa'adu, first civilian governor of
2856-464: Was being played. Several guests, musicians and members of the wedding ceremony were beaten and injured. Musical instruments and a windscreen of a vehicle parked at the house were smashed as well. According to the police, the hisbah were armed with knives, sticks, and various swords. In an example of a clash between police and hisbah, local police arrested about thirty members of the hisbah, however, they were all released without charge. Homosexuality
SECTION 50
#17328764238082912-556: Was discovered in 1950-1955 in Birnin Kudu. It is notable as having a collection of ancient rock gongs which were used as musical instruments and warning bells. Birnin Kudu rock paintings are one of the fascinating proofs of ancient human civilization in Sub Saharan Africa. These paintings are reputed to be more than two millennia old, situated in the lush landscape of Northern Nigeria. Important Establishments Birnin Kudu
2968-470: Was located in the northeastern-most region of Kano State , and it forms part of Nigeria's national border with the Republic of Niger . The state capital and largest city is Dutse . Jigawa state has 27 local governments. The eighth largest state by population, residents of Jigawa State are predominantly of Hausa or Fulani background. The vast majority of the residents of Jigawa State are Muslim , and it
3024-462: Was not aware of killings by hisbah members". After Shari’a was introduced, "from 2000 to around 2002, there were "numerous reports of abuses by the hisbah", with flogging and beating punishments administered on the spot, particularly by non-official hisbah, but by 2003 abuses by the hisbah "appear to have decreased". According to the Nigeria Stability and Reconciliation Programme (NSRP), while
3080-466: Was sentenced to 10 years in prison with menial labour for "using foul language toward Allah in an argument with a friend." The case was protested by UNICEF , and after being held "for over five months with no access to family or lawyers" the case was overturned by the appellate division of the Kano State High Court and Farouq was released. Yahaya Sharif-Aminu, 22-year-old music studio assistant
3136-424: Was sentenced to death on 10 August 2020, for making "a blasphemous statement against Prophet Mohammed in a WhatsApp Group," was "remitted back to the Sharia court for a retrial due to procedural irregularities". Hisbah have targeted the playing of music as un-Islamic. In Kano State, on 30 May 2003, a group of about twenty hisbah disrupted a wedding party on the basis that it was an “immoral gathering” and that music
#807192