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37-462: The town's name is derived from the adjacent "White Lake," called Bile ozero ( Біле озеро ) in Ukrainian. Described as a "fishing-and-farming community," its residents are primarily engaged in agriculture, cattle husbandry, and the cultivation of seeds, gardens, and vineyards. In antiquity, the area was settled by Greek colonists as part of the territory of Pontic Olbia . Archeological excavations in

74-559: A front line during the Dnieper campaign . Bilozerka was impacted by the destruction of the Kakhovka Dam in June 2023, with streets adjacent to the lake being flooded. Until 26 January 2024, Bilozerka was designated urban-type settlement . On this day, a new law entered into force which abolished this status, and Bilozerka became a rural settlement. As of the 2001 Ukrainian census , Bilozerka had

111-450: A millennium. The first evidence of Greek settlement at the site comes from Berezan Island where pottery has been found dating from the late 7th century. The name in Greek means "happy" or "rich". It is possible that it had been the site of an earlier native settlement and may even have been a peninsula rather than an island in antiquity. It is now thought that the town of Berezan survived until

148-730: A population of 205 residents, 126 of whom were men and 79 were women. During the Russian Civil War , a Soviet revolutionary committee was established in Bilozerka in January 1918, but in April 1918, it was occupied by Central Powers troops during Operation Faustschlag . Starting in January 1919, it was occupied by the Allied Powers during the Southern Russia intervention , until March, when it

185-506: A population of 9,709 people, most of whom were Ukrainians . The native language composition was as follows: Pontic Olbia Pontic Olbia ( Ancient Greek : Ὀλβία Ποντική ; Ukrainian : Ольвія , romanized :  Olviia ) or simply Olbia is an archaeological site of an ancient Greek city on the shore of the Southern Bug estuary ( Hypanis or Ὕπανις,) in Ukraine , near

222-417: Is evidence that the town itself was laid out over a grid plan from the 6th century – one of the first after the town of Smyrna . By the later period of settlement, the city also included an acropolis and, from the 6th century BCE, a religious sanctuary. In the early 5th century, a temple to Apollo Delphinios was also built on the site. The Greek colony was highly important commercially and endured for

259-565: The D-10S 100 mm anti-tank gun in a casemate superstructure . It was used extensively during the last year of World War II and saw service for many years afterwards with the armies of Soviet allies around the world. The SU-85 was developed from the chassis of the T-34 tank replacing the turret with a larger, fixed superstructure that allowed a larger gun to be fitted: the 85 mm D-5 gun , providing dramatically upgraded firepower compared to

296-530: The Hermitage Museum in Saint Petersburg , Russia. Notable finds from the town include an archaic Greek house in a good state of preservation from the area of the later acropolis and a private letter (written on a lead tablet) dating to around 500 BCE, complaining about an attempt to claim a slave. SU-100 The SU-100 ( Samokhodnaya Ustanovka 100) is a Soviet tank destroyer armed with

333-711: The Red Army well after the war; production continued in the Soviet Union until 1947 and into the 1950s in Czechoslovakia . It was withdrawn from Soviet service in 1967 but many vehicles were transferred to reserve stocks. Some exist to this day in the Russian Army holding facilities. Many Warsaw Pact countries also used the SU-100, as did Soviet allies such as Egypt, Angola and Cuba . A few SU-100 were delivered to Yugoslavia after

370-466: The Ukrainian anthem , and chanting slogans such as " Glory to Ukraine " and " Putin khuilo! ". The protesters approached a group of Russian soldiers, calling them " ruscists " and telling them to "go home." The soldiers fired into the air in an attempt to disperse the crowd. A Victory Day was parade was celebrated in Bilozerka by Russian troops and some civilians alike, but by the summer, relations between

407-452: The Wehrmacht occupied Bilozerka on 17 August 1941. The Nazis killed thirteen residents and deported forty to Germany for forced labor . The 295th Rifle Division of the Red Army eventually liberated Bilozerka on 14 March 1944. In the post-war period, Bilozerka continued to grow, and was designated an urban-type settlement in 1965. On 18 July 2020, Bilozerka Raion was abolished as part of

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444-856: The 1970s, and in some countries, even later. The Su-100 saw service during the Yugoslav Wars , but was quickly retired due to a lack of spare parts, despite its satisfactory performance. The SU-100 remains in use by the Vietnam People's Army and the Korean People's Army Ground Force . SU-100s entered service with the People's Liberation Army (PLA) of China after 1 December 1950 when Soviet forces left Dalian . The armaments in Dalian were sold to China, including 99 SU-100s, 18 IS-2 heavy tanks, and 224 T-34s, with which PLA formed its 1st Mechanised Division. In April 2015,

481-519: The 19th century discovered Scythian and Sarmatian burial mounds along with artifacts from the Copper and Bronze Ages . Bilozerka has its origins in 1780 in the Russian Empire , as the estate of Lieutenant General Ivan Gannibal , a Russian military officer who is considered one of the founders of Kherson . The first settlers in what is now Bilozerka were Zaporozhian Cossacks , from nearby camps, but

518-401: The 5th century BCE when it was possibly absorbed into the growing Olbian settlement on the mainland. During the 5th century BCE, the colony was visited by Herodotus , who provides our best description of the city and its inhabitants from antiquity. It produced distinctive cast bronze money during the 5th century BCE in both the form of circular tokens with Gorgon heads and unique coins in

555-614: The Russian forces in Bilozerka. Supermarkets, banks, and post offices were closed for the duration of the occupation. In the center of the town, a Russian flag replaced the Ukrainian flag atop an SU-100 tank monument commemorating the Great Patriotic War . On 14 March 2022, the anniversary of the town's liberation by the Red Army during World War II, hundreds of people participated in a protest in Bilozerka carrying Ukrainian flags , singing

592-419: The Russian presence in Bilozerka was gradually reduced throughout October and early November, with the last Russians leaving on 11 November. Ukrainian troops entered on the same day, causing celebrations in the streets. In March 2023,the population of Bilozerka was half of its pre-war population. The Ukrainian military remained stationed in and around the town into 2023, as the nearby Dnieper River had become

629-581: The SU-100 had major improvements over the SU-85 ; the thickness of the front armour was increased from 45 to 75 mm (1.8 to 3.0 in) with a constructional armour slope of 55 degrees, making armour as effective as 125 mm, which forced the Panzer IV and StuG III to all but the closest ranges and the Tiger I having to close in at less than 1 km. Additional improvements were the commander's workplace, as it now

666-719: The SU-85. Mass production began in September 1944. The SU-100 was introduced in October 1944 and quickly became popular with Soviet tank crews as its gun could penetrate virtually any German tank then in service until being outmatched by the Tiger II . The gun was excellent, being able to penetrate the Tiger I at 2 km with APCBC rounds while its APHE rounds could penetrate a max of 218 mm of armour. The SU-100 especially saw extensive service during

703-583: The T-34's 76.2 mm models. Introduced to service in 1943, the SU-85 was quickly rendered obsolete as a new tank design featured the same gun on the T-34-85 . This prompted the design of a more advanced turretless tank destroyer with an even more powerful cannon. Development was conducted under supervision of L. I. Gorlitskiy , chief designer of all medium Soviet self-propelled guns. The work started in February 1944 and

740-517: The administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Kherson Oblast to five. The area of Bilozerka Raion was merged into Kherson Raion . At the onset of the full-scale Russian invasion of Ukraine , despite nearby engagements in Kherson and Chornobaivka , the Russian military had yet to enter Bilozerka in early March 2022. The 194th Bilozerka Battalion, a territorial defense detachment primarily composed of residents of Bilozerka and

777-420: The bulk of the population would come from migrants from right-bank Ukraine . Early names for the settlement included Ivanivka and Ivanivska Bilozerka after Gannibal's given name. The land was purchased in 1798 by the locally prominent Skadovsky family and became known as Skadovka , though it was still known as "Bilozerka" (and its variations) on official documents. By the end of the 18th century, Bilozerka had

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814-528: The colony was one major point of contact. After the town adopted a democratic constitution in the 4th century BCE, its relations with Miletus were regulated by a treaty, which allowed both states to coordinate their operations against Alexander the Great 's general Zopyrion in the 4th century BCE. By the end of the 3rd century, the town declined economically and accepted the overlordship of King Skilurus of Scythia . It flourished under Mithridates Eupator but

851-656: The first prototype of the SU-100, "Object 138", was delivered in March. After intensive testing with different models of 100 mm gun Soviet engineers approved the D-10S gun for mass production. This gun was developed in Constructors Bureau of Artillery Factory No. 9 under the guidance of F. F. Petrov . After the Second World War this gun was installed on T-54 and T-55 tanks; these vehicles and their derivatives were in service forty years after initial development. It

888-532: The former Bilozerka Raion , participated in the Battle of Kherson , where it suffered heavy casualties and consequently ceased to exist as military unit. Russian columns first appeared in Bilozerka during the first week of March, moving westward through the village to participate in the Battle of Mykolaiv . Rosgvardiya troops and FSB and OMON agents took up positions within the town, and Donbass militiamen and "Asian and Caucasian minorities" were also present among

925-464: The garrison and the locals had taken a turn for the worse, with home raids, interrogations, and beatings increasing in frequency. People allegedly involved in pro-Ukrainian resistance activities were detained and tortured in ad hoc jails in the basements of a school and the courthouse. As Russian command prepared to withdraw from the right bank of the Dnieper during Ukraine's 2022 Kherson counteroffensive ,

962-602: The last year of the war. It was used en masse in Hungary in March 1945, when Soviet forces defeated the German Operation Frühlingserwachen offensive at Lake Balaton . And although not intended for it, the SU-100 was also used in the Battle of Berlin because its gun could deal with heavy fortifications. However, its lack of a machine gun made it need aircraft and infantry support. By July 1945, 2,335 SU-100s had been built. The vehicle remained in service with

999-484: The main emporia on the Black Sea for the export of cereals, fish, and slaves to Greece , and for the import of Attic goods to Scythia . The site of the Greek colony covers the area of fifty hectares and its fortifications form an isosceles triangle about a mile long and half a mile wide. The region was also the site of several villages (modern Victorovka and Dneprovskoe) which may have been settled by Greeks. As for

1036-773: The river). The settlement, incorporated into the Roman province of Lower Moesia , was eventually abandoned in the 4th century CE, when it was burnt at least twice in the course of the Gothic Wars . The site of Olbia, designated an archaeological reservation, is situated near the village of Parutyne in Mykolaiv Raion . Before 1902, the site was owned by the Counts Musin-Pushkins, who did not allow any excavations on their estate. Professional excavations were conducted under Boris Farmakovsky from 1901 to 1915 and from 1924 to 1926. As

1073-668: The shape of leaping dolphins . These are unusual considering the struck, round coins common in the Greek world . This form of money is said to have originated from sacrificial tokens used in the Temple of Apollo Delphinios . M. L. West speculated that early Greek religion , especially the Orphic Mysteries , was heavily influenced by Central Asian shamanistic practices. A significant amount of Orphic graffiti unearthed in Olbia seems to testify that

1110-594: The site was never reoccupied, archaeological finds (particularly inscriptions and sculpture) proved rich. Today archaeologists are under pressure to explore the site, which is being eroded by the Black Sea . At 2016 started in Olbia excavations of the Polish Archaeological Mission "Olbia" of the National Museum in Warsaw headed by Alfred Twardecki. Many of the more notable finds from the period are visible in

1147-447: The town itself, the lower town (now largely submerged by the Bug river) was occupied chiefly by the dockyards and the houses of artisans. The upper town was a main residential quarter, composed of square blocks and centered on the agora . The town was ringed by a defensive stone wall with towers. The upper town was also the site of the first settlement on the site in the archaic period . There

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1184-578: The village of Parutyne. The archaeological site is protected as the National Historic and Archaeological Preserve . The preserve is a research and science institute of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine . In 1938–1993 it was part of the NASU Institute of Archaeology as a department. The Hellenic city was founded in the 7th century BC by colonists from Miletus . Its harbour was one of

1221-595: The war, under the designation M-44. The SU-100 saw service in the fighting that accompanied the 1956 Suez Crisis , in which the Egyptians used SU-100s against Israel's M4 Sherman tanks. The vehicle was also utilized in the 1967 Six-Day War and the 1973 Yom Kippur War . It was modified slightly to adapt it to the sandy conditions of the Middle East, thus creating the SU-100M variant . Exported SU-100s continued in service until

1258-622: Was built at the UZTM (Russian abbreviation УЗТМ for Уральский Завод Тяжелого Машиностроения – Ural Heavy Machinery Factory, also called Uralmash ) in Yekaterinburg . The SU-100 quickly proved itself to be able to penetrate around 125 mm (4.9 in) of vertical armor from a range of 2,000 m (1.2 mi) and the sloped 80 mm (3.1 in) front armor of the German Panther from 1,500 m (0.93 mi) (with APCBC round). The hull of

1295-544: Was captured by the Bolsheviks 's Red Army . In August 1919, Anton Denikin 's Volunteer Army took control of the area, which they held until January 1920, when the Red Army captured it again. The Bolsheviks established the communist Soviet Union on much of the former territory of the Russian Empire. In 1939, Bilozerka was designated as the administrative center of the newly created Bilozerka Raion . During World War II ,

1332-543: Was made in a small sponson on the right side of the hull; combined with the commander's cupola this improved the commander's effectiveness. Its German Jagdpanzer -family counterparts — the Jagdpanzer IV , Jagdpanther and Jagdtiger , by comparison, lacked this key piece of observational equipment. On the other hand, the SU-100's optics were a little inferior (4x optics vs German 5x optics). For better ventilation two ventilator units were installed, instead of only one as in

1369-496: Was sacked by the Getae under Burebista , a catastrophe which brought Olbia's economic prominence to an abrupt end. Having lost two-thirds of its settled area, Olbia was restored by the Romans, albeit on a small scale and probably with a largely barbarian population. Dio of Prusa visited the town and described it in his Borysthenic Discourse (the town was often called Borysthenes , after

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