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61-611: Billingham Town Football Club is a football club based in Billingham , England . They are currently members of the Northern League Division Two and play at Bedford Terrace. The club was established by Tom Donnelly and Robbie Cushley in 1967 as Billingham Social . They joined Division Two of the Stockton & District League in 1968 and went on to win it in their first season. After promotion to Division A, they went on to win

122-454: A commune-level town ( thị trấn ) is similar to a township; it is a subdivision of a rural district ( huyện ) and is the lowest administration subdivision in the country. In Zimbabwe , the term township was used for segregated parts of suburban areas. During colonial years in Rhodesia , the term township referred to a residential area reserved for Black citizens within the boundaries of

183-525: A portmanteau of synthetic ammonia . At the beginning of the 2017–18 season, financial difficulties spurred Billingham Synthonia F.C. to relocate to the Norton Sports Complex in Norton in a ground-share with Norton & Stockton Ancients and are currently ground sharing with Stokesley SC . Billingham Synthonia Cricket Club is of similar origins to the football club of the same name. The club play in

244-586: A 7th-century grave-marker from the church in the British Museum. The town's chemical industry started in the early 1900s. In 1917, the town was chosen to be the site of a new chemical works supplying ammonia for the war. However, the plant wasn't completed until 1920, after the war had ended. The Brunner Mond Company took over the site and converted it to manufacture fertilisers. In December 1926, Brunner Mond merged with three other chemical companies to form Imperial Chemical Industries (ICI), who took control of

305-543: A Local Nature Reserve by English Nature in 1992, it won a Green Flag Award in 2005. The beck itself is one of the major tributaries of the River Tees and has a tidal reach around the former ICI site. The town is effectively split into two separate areas by name: Old Billingham (the area around the village green adjacent to St Cuthbert's church and built up around the ICI works) and the more planned estates that have spread out since

366-461: A new town council in February 2007. It is funded by a precept of £80,000. The first elections for the new Town Council were held on 3 May 2007. Billingham Beck Valley Country Park (also known as Billingham Bottoms) was landscaped from a reclaimed industrial waste tip and has steadily grown to include former grazing land to form a 120-acre (0.49 km ) site including wetland habitats. Designated as

427-497: A precise legal meaning and is used on land titles in all areas regardless of the demographics of the respective region. In Taiwan , townships are administered by a county together with a county-administered city . There are three types of townships in Taiwan: urban townships, rural townships, and mountain indigenous townships. Mountain indigenous townships are those with significant populations of Taiwanese aborigines . In England ,

488-477: A small town; in the cases of predominant Jewish population the latter is sometimes translated as shtetl ). In South Africa under apartheid , the term "township" was used to describe residential developments that confined non-Whites, including Blacks, Coloureds, and Indians, living near or working in White-only communities. Soweto and Mdantsane were both prominent townships under apartheid. The term also has

549-614: A specialist Science Catholic academy. Northfield Marsh House site, formerly Campus, was closed in 2012. At the moment construction is ongoing for St. Michael's to join the Billingham Campus and New Bede/Riverside College facilities on the Marsh House Avenue site. The council has published plans for a £40 million investment in primary schools which will include some being rebuilt or re-designed and refurbished. Roseberry Primary School and Bewley Infant and Bewley Junior Schools are on

610-440: A township as "a site reserved for and laid out as a town ; such a site at an early stage of its occupation and development; a small town". The term refers purely to the settlement; it does not refer to a unit of government. Townships are governed as part of a larger council (such as that of a shire , district or city ) or authority. In Canada , two kinds of township occur in common use: In China , townships are found at

671-504: Is a town and civil parish in County Durham , England . The town is on the north side of the River Tees and is governed as part of the Borough of Stockton-on-Tees unitary authority. It had a population of 35,165 in the 2011 Census. The settlement has been around since Anglo-Saxon times as a village, a post-Second World War modern town centre was built north of the old village centre on

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732-523: Is less than 3 miles (4.8 km) away and Middlesbrough Town Centre is also less than 3 miles (4.8 km) away. In 1967, Associated Dairies' fledgling stores division, launched in 1965, opened their first store outside of its Yorkshire heartland in the town centre. Asda Billingham was their first store to open in the North East and is now the oldest continuously trading Asda supermarket in the UK. In March 2012 it

793-520: Is part of either a city , which is mostly urban, or a district , which is mostly rural. Since 1979, municipalities have existed in New Zealand but are rare and not formally defined legally. As a term, however, townships are still in common usage in New Zealand, used in referring to a small town or urban community located in a rural area. The term is generally comparable to that of a village in England. In

854-644: Is served by one Spiritualist Church located on Chapel Road, TS23 1DX, just off The Green. This is the second oldest Church in Billingham and started out life as a Methodist church that was then sold on to the Spiritualist National Union when the Methodists needed a larger premises. The chapel has been serving Spiritualism and the local community since 1932. Billingham is served by the A19 running to Sunderland in

915-600: Is the Rev John Butters. There is also St Michaels RC Secondary School in Billingham, which is part of the Carmel Trust based in Darlington . The Christian community is also served by two Methodist churches, one Baptist church and a Pentecostal Church called "New Life" based on Low Grange Avenue. There is also a Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints and a Kingdom Hall of Jehovah's Witnesses. The Spiritualist community

976-668: The Durham Challenge Cup , beating Bishop Auckland 2–0 in the final. The 2006–07 season saw them finish as Division One runners-up, with Whitley Bay winning the title on goal difference. The following season they won the League Cup, beating Shildon 2–1 in the final. In 2013–14 the club finished bottom of Division One and were relegated to Division Two. They were Division Two champions in 2018–19 , earning promotion back to Division One. They lasted just three years in Division One,

1037-598: The North Yorkshire and South Durham Cricket League . The town also has its own ice hockey team (the Billingham Stars ) in the English National Ice Hockey League , whose home rink is Billingham Forum Ice Arena. There is also another ice hockey team called the Billingham wildcats which is made up of women aged 16+. The town has one Rugby Union club, Billingham RUFC , which has four senior teams,

1098-587: The Northeast of England Process Industry Cluster (NEPIC). They include GrowHow , Johnson Matthey , Fujifilm Diosynth Biotechnologies and Fruitarom. Other members of the NEPIC Cluster operate from the 62 acre (25 hectares) Belasis Business Park in Billingham such as Cambridge Research Biochemicals, ABB and Biochemica. Growhow not only manufacture fertilisers & industrial chemicals in Bilingham, but also capture

1159-577: The Philippines , townships refer to administrative divisions established during the American Civil Government in the country. Many of these political divisions were originally established as rancherias during the Spanish Regime . The term was later replaced with " municipal district ". Most municipal districts would later be converted into regular municipalities by executive orders from

1220-514: The United States : civil and survey. A state may have one or both types. In states that have both, the boundaries often coincide in many counties. In the first U.S. census of Puerto Rico , the population centers known as townships were referred to as " barrios ," a term first used when Puerto Rico was under Spanish colonial rule . Like townships in most U.S. states, barrios are subdivisions and function as municipalities . In Vietnam ,

1281-491: The 1950s, increasing the town's size and borders towards the villages of Wolviston and Cowpen Bewley to the point of almost incorporating them. Billingham Town Centre provides the town with national retail chains such as Asda , Greggs , Iceland , Argos , Aldi , Costa , Poundland and Boyes , as well as several charity shops, estate agents and banks, with a market featuring in the centre every Monday and Friday. The town centre lacks some services but Stockton Town Centre

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1342-630: The 1st XV currently playing in National 3 North , four leagues from the Premiership . The 2nd XV (Lions) currently playing in The "Candy League" Division 1. The 3rd XV currently playing in The "Teesside Merit League", with the Colts playing in a competitive Saturday Colts League. The club also has a junior section, ranging from U-7 minis to U-16s, with teams winning Durham county cups and leagues. In 1967, Billingham Forum

1403-540: The CO 2 for use in the food and drink industry. Tomatoes are grown in Billingham by North Bank Growers using the recoverable energy from the Billingham complex, which further reduces the area's carbon footprint. Fujifilm Diosynth Biotechnologies have a pharmaceutical manufacturing facility in Billingham. Subject to regulatory approval, at least 60 million doses of the Novavax COVID-19 vaccine will be manufactured there for

1464-830: The Clarences, Cowpen Bewley, Newton Bewley , and Wolviston. It is part of the Church of England Deanery of Stockton in the Archdeaconry of Auckland, which itself is within the Diocese of Durham . The Roman Catholic community is served by three parishes, Our Lady of the Most Holy Rosary Parish Billingham , St. John the Evangelist and St. Joseph's. These parishes are based in Hexham and Newcastle 's St Hilda Partnership. The Parish Priest

1525-572: The Highlands generally the term may describe a very small agrarian community . In Wales , the term "township" is used to describe a population center created by an Act of Parliament in 1539, such as the Townships in Montgomeryshire . In the United States , a township is a subdivision of a county and is usually 36 square miles (about 93 square kilometres) in area. There are two types of townships in

1586-636: The Philippine president. Mambukal , a hill station geographically located in Murcia, Negros Occidental , is the only legally constituted township in the Philippines, created under Republic Act No. 1964, approved in June 1957. As a term, the word "township" in the Philippines is used to refer to new developments with their own amenities, including both vertical and horizontal projects. The modern and largest townships in

1647-917: The Philippines are New Clark City with 9,450 hectares in Capas of Tarlac , Hamilo Coast with 5,900 hectares in Nasugbu of Batangas , Nuvali with 2,290 hectares in Santa Rosa of Laguna , Lancaster New City with 2,000 hectares in Kawit Imus GenTri of Cavite , Vista City with 1,500 hectares in Las Piñas Muntinlupa of Metro Manila , and Dasmariñas of Cavite, Twin Lakes with 1,149 hectares in Tagaytay of Cavite and Alviera with 1,125 hectares in Porac of Pampanga . The majority of

1708-404: The UK government from 2021. In 1983, NIREX announced a proposal to use the disused anhydrite mine as a site for the disposal of intermediate level nuclear waste . There was a certain amount of opposition to this, led by Billingham Against Nuclear Dumping (BAND), as despite the suitability of the site in geological terms, it was very close to a large population centre. Subsequently, in 1985,

1769-549: The banks of the Tees comes to life... brilliant with a thousand lights, the great girders of the Transporter Bridge dark in silhouette: a magic city. From 1971 to 1988 ICI operated a small General Atomics TRIGA Mark I nuclear reactor at its Billingham factory to produce radio-isotopes for use in process instrumentation such as level measurement devices. In addition to its own on-site coal-fired power station , ICI also operated

1830-427: The closure of Leven Valley, Stagecarrige took over this service, but it stopped running shortly after. Billingham is the home of Billingham Town F.C. , who celebrated their 50th anniversary in 2017 having been initially founded in 1967 as Billingham Social Club. The chemical industry's creation of ammonia in the town also led to the formation of Billingham's other football team, Billingham Synthonia , Synthonia being

1891-476: The coal-fired North Tees Power Station , designed by Giles Gilbert Scott , on the banks of the Tees to provide electricity for its plants. The latter was eventually decommissioned and demolished (at a ceremony attended by Environment Secretary Nicholas Ridley ) in 1987. The site of the power station is now Billingham Reach Industrial Estate, an international wharf owned by Able UK Ltd. ICI no longer operates in Billingham, having sold many of its businesses during

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1952-535: The connection between the ecclesiastical functions of ancient parishes and the civil administrative functions that had been introduced in these areas beginning in the 16th century. As of the 21st century, some councils, mostly in Northern England , have revived the term. In Scotland , the term is still used for some rural settlements. In parts of the Highlands and Islands , a township is a crofting settlement. In

2013-462: The current townships are near Metro Manila, which permits faster access to the capital region by road or rail transport. The former Russian Empire , Soviet Union , and Commonwealth of Independent States states is sometimes used to denote a small semi-urban, sometimes industrial, settlement and used to translate the terms поселок городского типа ( townlet ), посад ( posad ), местечко ( mestechko , from Polish " miasteczko ",

2074-619: The extent that the crossbar was level with the top of one of the corner flags. They moved to Bedford Terrace in 1981, with floodlights installed in 1992–93. Hartlepool United funded the laying of a new pitch in 2007 in order to play their reserve matches at the ground. The ground has a capacity of 3,000, of which 176 is seated and 600 covered. The record attendance of 1,500 was set for an FA Youth Cup game against Manchester City match in 1985. 54°36′7.780″N 1°17′8.452″W  /  54.60216111°N 1.28568111°W  / 54.60216111; -1.28568111 Billingham Billingham

2135-457: The first time in November 2006; his DVD for 2007 was recorded there as well. Township Although the term is occasionally associated with an urban area , that tends to be an exception to the rule. In Australia , Canada , Scotland , and parts of the United States , the term refers to settlements too small or scattered to be considered urban. The Australian National Dictionary defines

2196-594: The first two of which were ended early due to the COVID-19 pandemic before being relegated back to Division Two at the end of the 2021–22 season . In 2023–23 season the club finished fourth in Division Two, qualifying for the promotion play-offs. After beating Bedlington Terriers 3–2 on penalties in the semi-finals (after a 2–2 draw), they lost the final 5–4 on penalties to Birtley Town following another 2–2 draw. The club initially played at Mill Lane, which had sloped to

2257-403: The fourth level of the administrative hierarchy , below counties , districts , and county level cities but above villages and communities, together with ethnic townships , towns and subdistricts . In India , townships are found at the fourth level of the city. In Jersey , township is a redundant term, as the only surviving local government level at present are the 12 parishes of

2318-449: The growth of Billingham's population, which reached nearly 18,000 by 1931. With the onset of World War Two, synthetic ammonia for explosives was once again in demand, further sustaining the town's development. During the latter half of the 20th century, the population of Billingham slowed significantly due to the industrial decline of the area. Furthermore, Billingham attracted relatively few immigrants after its de-industrialisation. Across

2379-406: The inscription 'FOREVER FORWARD 30 11 2013'. The capsule is not to be unearthed until the year 2078. The population of Billingham, according to the census of 1801 , was 962. This number increased slowly until the beginning of World War One, when the need for nitrates to use in explosives brought about a significant burst of growth for the town. In 1917, after Billingham was chosen as the site for

2440-484: The island. In Malaysia , townships are found at the third level of the administrative hierarchy , is a subdivision of a daerah ( district or county ) or autonomous sub-district ( daerah kecil ), while above kampung ( village ) and taman (residential neighbourhood) as defined in the National Land Code , adopted in 1965. In New Zealand , towns and townships no longer exist; all land

2501-559: The league title three seasons in a row and win the League Cup twice. In 1974 Billingham joined the Teesside League , which they won in 1978–79. After winning a second title in 1981–82, the club was promoted to the new Division Two of the Northern League and adopted its current name, A fourth-place finish in 1984–85 saw them promoted to Division One, but they were relegated at the end of the following season after finishing bottom of

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2562-529: The list for action within the next few years. Bede College has served the town for several years, and attracts students from Hartlepool and Stockton, consistently achieving higher results than nearby colleges in Stockton or Middlesbrough . Formerly one of the smallest colleges in the UK, with under 400 students, its recent amalgamation with Stockton Riverside College and relocation to an adjacent new campus has seen its student body increase significantly. As part of

2623-587: The mine into a 4,000,000 cubic metre waste storage facility receiving over 100,000 tonnes of waste annually. Between 1923 and 1968, Billingham had its own urban district council which built, among other things, the Billingham Forum, Kennedy Gardens and Billingham Golf Club (the UK's first municipally-owned club). Billingham's last mayor was Octavious Evitts in 1952. It was included into the County Borough of Teesside in 1968. In 1974, Teesside County Borough

2684-483: The most recent print of Brave New World states that Huxley was inspired to write the novel by this Billingham visit. Henry Thorold in the Shell Guide to County Durham states: This is one of the most extraordinary of experiences, a sight almost unique in England. On either side of the road are the works. Steaming, sizzling—tall steel towers, great cylinders, pipes everywhere... At night the whole industrial world along

2745-531: The new campus, the college has also gained its own sports facilities. Billingham is home to several religious communities, the largest of which are the Church of England and the Roman Catholic Church . The Church of England community is served by a single Team Parish, with five parish churches: St. Cuthbert's, St. Luke's, St. Mary Magdalene, St. Aidan's, and St. Peter's. The parish covers all of Billingham,

2806-577: The north and Thirsk in the south. Billingham is also served by the A689 to Hartlepool in the east and Bishop Auckland in the west. Billingham railway station is on the Durham Coast Line with hourly services provided by Northern to Newcastle and the MetroCentre in the north and to Stockton and Middlesbrough in the south. Grand Central provide an express train from Sunderland to London but

2867-454: The plans were dropped. In 2007, more recent plans to reopen the mines for "use as a long-term disposal facility for low hazard waste" were met with similar opposition and a petition of 3,200 signatures against the mine's opening was presented to the local authority. In March 2011, Stockton Council's planning committee accepted an application from NPL Waste Management to reopen the mine for the disposal of hazardous waste . NPL planned to convert

2928-452: The plant. With the World Wars creating a high demand for explosives it led to a massive expansion of Billingham and post-Second World War a new town centre was built. ICI began to produce plastics at Billingham in 1966. Aldous Huxley visited the newly opened and technologically advanced Brunner and Mond plant at ICI and gave a detailed account of the processes he saw. The introduction to

2989-421: The production of synthetic ammonia due to its good transport links and access to the resources needed, the population of the town nearly doubled in just a few years from 4500 to 8000. After the war, the site was bought by Brunner Mond and converted for use in the production of agricultural fertiliser. Brunner Mond soon merged with a number of other companies to form Imperial Chemical Industries . This furthered

3050-597: The re-routing around High Grange on the 34. In summer 2018 the 34A was introduced but withdrawn in late 2019. Go North East provide services X9 & X10 To Newcastle & Middlesbrough. Local operator Stagecarriage provided local services, such as the X7 to Stockton, Teesside Retail Park and Middlesbrough. This service was withdrawn around a fortnight before the company's collapse in July 2019. The service has not been replaced. Leven Valley formally provided service 45 to Wolviston. After

3111-589: The restructuring of the company in the 1990s. Some of the company's former manufacturing plants are still in operation, run by other chemical companies. Several chemical plants close to the town were subject to explosions and leaks in 2006 and 2007. Following the fragmentation and ultimate loss of the chemicals conglomerate ICI, the Billingham Chemical Industrial park became a multi-company facility. The chemical, biotechnology and engineering companies that continue to operate at Billingham are members of

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3172-636: The service does not currently serve Billingham. The original Billingham railway station was closed in the late 1960s and moved a mile east along the line. Rail services were infamously operated using Pacer trains which were in essence converted Leyland National buses, but these were withdrawn in late 2019 due to them not meeting government disability requirements. Stagecoach provides services 35 to Stockton via Norton Glebe & High Grange, 36 Middlesbrough & Hartlepool, 52 Stockton High Street & Low Grange and 34 Middlesbrough & Owington Farm. Many route changes were made with Billingham's buses, such as

3233-426: The table. Following a fourth-place finish in 1987–88 , Billingham were promoted back to Division One. Despite finishing fifth in their first season in the new division, they were relegated back to Division Two in 1989–90 after finishing second-from-bottom. They remained in Division Two until promotion back to Division One at the end of the 1996–97 season , which saw them finish as runners-up. In 2003–04 they won

3294-403: The term "township" is no longer in official use, but still maintains some meaning, typically used to describe subdivisions of large parishes for administrative purposes. This definition became legally obsolete at the end of the 19th century when local government reform converted many townships that had been subdivisions of ancient parishes into the newer civil parishes , which formally separated

3355-478: The town itself, areas of the parish include Haverton Hill , Port Clarence , Cowpen Bewley and Seal Sands . A petition to Stockton Borough Council and referendum held in 2003 both having given assent to proposal for Billingham to become reparished. The Department for Communities and Local Government and the Electoral Commission issued orders for the creation of a Billingham Parish and the setting up of

3416-512: The town's grange. It was a township with an urban district from 1923 until 1968, when it was absorbed into the County Borough of Teesside , and part of the county of Cleveland . Billingham is home to the Billingham Manufacturing Plant which is a major producer of Chemicals for agriculture. The town was settled by Angles and has a name either meaning Billa's people's home or bill -shaped hill people's home . The town

3477-455: The wards that make up Billingham, just 2.3% of the population at the 2011 Census were born outside the UK, compared to a national average of 13%. The population was also recorded as 99% white. Population data for 1801–1971 is available at Britain Through Time. Billingham is served by two secondary schools: Northfield School , a specialist sports college, and St Michael's Catholic Academy ,

3538-607: Was confirmed that a Wetherspoons Public House would be opened in the Town Centre, along with a Fulton Frozen Foods superstore. In August each year the town centre hosts the Billingham International Folklore Festival. Dancers and musicians perform traditional and contemporary dance. In November 2013, a time capsule was buried in front of 'The Family' statue in Billingham Town centre under a stone with

3599-506: Was in one of the Northumbrian regiones . This regione is thought to cover much of the land of northern Teesdale and had late Viking rule. It was later broken up with Billingham in the Hartness district then into a small shire called Billinghamshire. St Cuthbert's Parish Church has elements dating back to the late-7th/early-8th-century in its nave and a tower dating c. AD 1000. There is also

3660-522: Was opened by Queen Elizabeth II . A sports and leisure complex, it contains a swimming pool, an ice rink, and a number of sports halls. The complex also houses the Forum Theatre. Notable personalities that have performed in the theatre include Wendy Richard , Jimmy Edwards , Eric Sykes , Darren Day , Arthur Lowe , David Jason , Penelope Keith , Terry Scott , Timothy West , Carroll Baker , and Dame Anna Neagle . Roy Chubby Brown performed there for

3721-425: Was replaced by the County of Cleveland , which had four districts: Hartlepool , Langbaurgh-on-Tees , Middlesbrough and Stockton-on-Tees . Billingham was then part of Stockton-on-Tees. In 1996, with the abolition of Cleveland County, Billingham remained within Borough of Stockton-on-Tees which became a unitary authority . Billingham civil parish is the largest area and size in the Stockton Borough. Other than

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