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24-471: Białystok Voivodeship may refer to the following administrative districts of Poland: Białystok Voivodeship (1919–1939) , as defined before World War II Białystok Voivodeship (1945–1975) , as defined after World War II Białystok Voivodeship (1975–1998) , as defined after 1975 [REDACTED] Topics referred to by the same term This disambiguation page lists articles about distinct geographical locations with

48-543: A noble background that used the Syrokomla coat of arms . In 1903, Marian went to Saint Petersburg where he attended middle and high school. After graduation in 1910, he began studying at the local Neurological Institute. Also, he studied agriculture at Riga Technical University . In 1911, Zyndram-Kościałkowski became a member of the Union of Active Struggle (ZWC), Polish independence organization. Together with Walery Sławek , he

72-646: A deputy of the Land of Wilno to the Polish Sejm , he was released from the military. Zyndram-Kościałkowski remained in the parliament until 1939. In the early 1920s, he was a member of a Freemason ’s Lodge “Tomasz Zan”, and in April 1925, after abandoning Polish People's Party "Wyzwolenie", he co-created the so-called Parliamentary Labour Club ( Klub Pracy , later renamed into Labour Party ), together with Kazimierz Bartel . Zyndram-Kościałkowski did not play any significant role in

96-515: A duel. On 20 July 1930 Zyndram-Kościałkowski was named Voivode of Białystok Voivodeship , remaining there until late February 1934. He improved local administration, built sewer system and paved streets of Białystok . He also founded the unemployment committee and Agricultural Chamber. Due to his efforts, local entrepreneurs presented their products at the Northern Trade Fair in Wilno. Also, he

120-651: A minister, he tried to streamline local administration, and reach an agreement with moderate Ukrainian organizations. In the summer of 1935, Polish authorities reached a compromise with the Ukrainian National Democratic Alliance (UNDO), and as a result, the UNDO took place in the 1935 Polish legislative election . After the death of Józef Piłsudski (12 May 1935), the Sanacja camp was divided into two factions: those gathered around President Ignacy Mościcki , and

144-652: A series of anti-government demonstrations. Strikes and protests took place all over the country: on 20–25 March a sit-down strike took place at the Semperit Plant in Kraków . The protest was broken by the riot police, with several people killed or injured. In Lwów , the police killed 9 people, wounding over 200. These social disturbances undermined the position of Zyndram-Kościałkowski and his cabinet. On 15 May 1936 President Mościcki demoted Zyndram-Kościałkowski, replacing him with Felicjan Sławoj Składkowski . Zyndram-Kościałkowski

168-704: The 1928 Polish legislative election , Zyndram-Kościałkowski was again elected from the District of Wilno. In March 1928, he became deputy chairman of the Nonpartisan Bloc for Cooperation with the Government (BBWR), and in June, his Labour Party joined the BBWR, as autonomous organization. Zyndram-Kościałkowski was regarded as an avid supporter of Józef Piłsudski. In defence of his policies, in 1922, he challenged General Józef Haller to

192-780: The 1926 May Coup . As key member of the Labour Party, he supported the Sanacja movement, and in May 1927 became a member of the Warsaw City Council . At the same time, he was a deputy chairman of the Association of Army Reservists, and leading member of Association of Polish Cities. In the Parliament, he was responsible for the budget of the Ministry of Military Affairs for the year 1927/28. Following

216-646: The 1931 census (questions about mother tongue and about religion) are presented in the table below: Counties with Orthodox/Greek Catholic plurality are highlighted with yellow. Marian Zyndram-Ko%C5%9Bcia%C5%82kowski Marian Zyndram-Kościałkowski was born in his family’s real estate of Pandėlys, located in the Novoalexandrovsky Uyezd of the Kovno Governorate of the Russian Empire (today Lithuania ), to Karol and Maria Budrewicz. He came from

240-458: The Government (BBWR). In 1932, Zyndram-Kościałkowski remained at the disposal of the head of the department and the Ministry of Defense Corps. After 1 April 1938, the Voivodeship consisted of ten counties: The Voivodeship consisted of thirteen counties ( powiaty ) : According to the 1931 census , the most significant cities were: In the interwar period, Białystok Voivodeship was part of

264-457: The country's mid-northern part. It bordered Germany ( East Prussia ) to the north-west, Lithuania to the north-east, Wilno Voivodeship and Nowogródek Voivodeship to the east, Polesie Voivodeship and Lublin Voivodeship to the south and Warsaw Voivodeship to the west. Its area was 26 036 km . The landscape was flat, with the mighty Bialowieza Forest located right in the middle. Inhabited mostly by Poles (in 1931 they made up 66.9% of

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288-485: The creation of the Agricultural Chamber of Białystok and ensuring the participation of entrepreneurs in the second Bialystok Fair Vilnius. He was also one of the founders of Jagiellonia Białystok Sports Club (of which he was honorary president of the club). In November 1930, Marian Zyndram-Kościałkowski once again became a member of parliament (he was 17th on the list of the Nonpartisan Bloc for Cooperation with

312-415: The followers of Marshal Edward Śmigły-Rydz . In August 1935, Mościcki agreed with Minister Eugeniusz Kwiatkowski that changes must be made in the government of Walery Sławek . Kwiatkowski entered the cabinet, while Zyndram-Kościałkowski was appointed to the post of Prime Minister. On 13 October 1935 Marian Zyndram-Kościałkowski was nominated to the post of Prime Minister of Poland. His government excluded

336-454: The population), it also had significant Belarusian (16.3%) and Jewish (12.1%) minorities. Interestingly, in 1931, 2.8% claimed Russian as their native tongue. The population, according to the 1931 Polish census was 1 643 844. According to Polish data from April 1939, the population of Białystok voivodship was divided as follows: 71,1% Poles, 13,5% Belarusians, 11,9% Jews, 2,2% Russians, 0,9% Lithuanians, 0,5% Germans. On February 4, 1921

360-801: The rear of the Red Army . In September 1920, Zyndram-Kościałkowski was named commandant of the Bieniakonie Group , which was part of Volunteer Division (Colonel Adam Koc ). Together with this unit, he participated in Żeligowski's Mutiny , which resulted in creation of the Republic of Central Lithuania . In 1920 - 1922, Zyndram-Kościałkowski commanded Second Department (Intelligence) of the General Staff of Central Lithuania’s Armed Forces. In 1922, Zyndram-Kościałkowski joined Polish People's Party "Wyzwolenie" , to be soon named leader of this party (until 1925). As

384-563: The same name. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Białystok_Voivodeship&oldid=1009110558 " Category : Place name disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Bia%C5%82ystok Voivodeship (1919%E2%80%931939) Białystok Voivodeship ( Polish : Województwo białostockie )

408-645: The same year, he married fellow member of the POW, Anna Krysińska. In 1918, their son Witold was born, with Piłsudski as the godfather. In late 1918, Zyndram-Kościałkowski joined the newly created Polish Army , and in 1919 he was transferred to the Second Department of Polish General Staff . He was actively involved in the activities of Polish intelligence in the areas of Suwałki and southern Lithuania. In April 1919, he came to Wilno (Vilnius), and soon afterwards, Józef Piłsudski ordered him to carry out sabotage attacks in

432-501: The so-called Piłsudski's colonels , which was supported by the public opinion. Due to the economical difficulties of the mid-1930s, Eugeniusz Kwiatkowski, who was Minister of Industry and Trade, played a key role in the government. In December 1935, amnesty of political prisoners was declared, but Zyndram-Kościałkowski decided not to close the Bereza Kartuska prison . In the spring of 1936, Socialist and Communist organizations initiated

456-423: The so-called " Poland B ". This meant that it was underdeveloped, with 23.1% of the population being illiterate. Railroad networks were scarce (total length 1 377 km., density – 4.2 per 100 km ), and forested areas covered 24.4% of Voivodeship's area. The city of Białystok (whose population reached 107 000 in 1939), was the Voivodeship's lone industrial centre. Agriculture was at a low level. The results of

480-605: The voivodeship was expanded by three more counties: Grodno , Wołkowysk and Białowieża . From 10 July 1930 to the end of February 1934, Marian Zyndram-Kościałkowski was the Voivode of Białystok. During this time, he streamlined administration, increased supervision of officials, and prioritised the development of sewers and streets in Bialystok. He also founded the Regional Committee for Unemployment, as well as had their share in

504-813: Was a co-founder of structures of the ZWC in northwestern corner of the Russian Empire. In 1912, he was named commandant of the ZWC in the Baltic provinces of Russia, and in the summer of 1914, after the outbreak of World War I , he planned to join Polish Legions in World War I , but was ordered to stay in Warsaw . In 1915, he joined Polish Military Organisation (POW), using nom de guerre Jerzy Orwid. On February 7, 1915, Józef Piłsudski promoted him to Podporucznik (Second Lieutenant). In

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528-507: Was an administrative unit of interwar Poland (1918–1939). The province's capital and its biggest city was Białystok with a population of over 91,000 people. Following the Nazi German and the Soviet invasion of Poland , the Voivodeship was occupied by both invading armies and divided according to Nazi-Soviet boundary treaty . In interwar Poland (1918–1939), Bialystok Voivodeship was located in

552-656: Was appointed Minister of Labour in the new government, remaining in post until 30 September 1939. After the Invasion of Poland , Zyndram-Kościałkowski was interned in Romania . He then moved to France and Great Britain . New Prime Minister in Exile, General Władysław Sikorski sent him to a camp for political opponents, on the Isle of Bute in Scotland . His new partner, actress Maria Balcerkiewicz,

576-514: Was one of co-founders of sports club Jagiellonia Białystok . To honor his work, on 4 September 1935 Zyndram-Kościałkowski was named Honorary Citizen of Białystok, and a boulevard was named after him. Following the 1930 Polish legislative election , he was again elected to the Sejm (November 1930). On 28 June 1934, after Minister of Internal Affairs Bronisław Pieracki had been murdered by Ukrainian nationalists, Zyndram-Kościałkowski took over this post. As

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