Europe
95-498: [REDACTED] Look up bhangra in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Bhangra may refer to: Bhangra (music) , a genre of Punjabi music Bhangra (dance) , a folk dance of Punjab region Bhangra (film) , a 1959 Indian Punjabi-language film See also [ edit ] Bhangara, Nepal , a village development committee Banghra , Spanish music band Topics referred to by
190-458: A break-up. When Bhangra and General Indian sounds and lyrics were combined, British-Asian artists began incorporating them in their music. Some Asian artists such as Bally Sagoo and Talvin Singh are creating their own form of British hip-hop . This era also brought about bhangra art, which like the bhangra music it represented was rebellious. Unlike folk music art, which consisted of a picture of
285-574: A broad "Asian/Asian British" ("Asian, Asian Scottish or Asian British" in Scotland) heading in all parts of the UK. Shown in order, as listed on the 2011 Census form, the five categories of Asian British are: There are several regional subgroupings of Asian British people, and Asians living in the United Kingdom generally. As approximately defined concepts, sometimes due to varying geographical regionalisation of
380-414: A desire for more traditional folk songs and beats, but also a learning opportunity for children of their cultures. Bhangragga or bhangramuffin is a term for the style of music incorporating elements of Bhangra and dancehall (or ragga , short for the word Raggamuffin ) created by British Asian producers Simon and Diamond on the debut album by Apache Indian No Reservations (1993). The sound
475-573: A different flavor to Punjabi folk. These remixes continued to gain popularity as the 1990s came to an end. A notable remix artist is Bally Sagoo , a Punjabi-Sikh, Anglo-Indian raised in Birmingham , England. Sagoo described his music as "a bit of tablas, a bit of the Indian sound. But bring on the bass lines, bring on the funky-drummer beat, bring on the James Brown samples", to Time magazine in 1997. He
570-659: A gold medal at the Guru Nanak Dev University in Amritsar , Punjab, for performing his song "Gurh Nalon Ishq Mitha", which later featured on his first album, Nach Gidhe Wich . The lyrics were by Tarlochan Singh Bilga and it was released in 1985. This album was created with Manager, Tarlochan Singh Bilga(TSB). The band has toured 27 countries. Malkit has been awarded the MBE by the Queen for his services to Bhangra music. Bhangra boy band,
665-579: A million Asian British people derive their ancestry between East Asia , Southeast Asia , Central Asia , and West Asia . Since the 2001 census , British people of general Asian descent have been included in the "Asian/Asian British" grouping ("Asian, Asian Scottish or Asian British" grouping in Scotland) of the UK census questionnaires. Categories for British Indians , British Pakistanis , British Bangladeshis , British Chinese , British Hongkongers and other Asians have existed under an Asian British heading since
760-529: A number of Asian characters portrayed by British actors of Asian heritage. Tsai Chin , the first Asian British actress to play a Bond girl , appeared in 1967's You Only Live Twice and the 2006 re-make of Casino Royale . Burt Kwouk , who appeared in over fifty films, including three of the James Bond film series , received an OBE for services to drama in 2010. Art Malik had notable roles in The Jewel in
855-454: A positive identity and culture, and provided a platform for British Punjabi males to assert their masculinity. In the 1980s, distributed by record labels such as Multitone Records , bhangra artists were selling over 30,000 cassettes a week in the UK, but no artists reached the Top 40 UK chart despite these artists outselling popular British ones; most of the bhangra cassette sales were not through
950-552: A separate heading. In Scotland, all of these tick-boxes were grouped together under an "Asian, Asian Scottish or Asian British" heading, and in Northern Ireland no broad headings were used, just tick-boxes for each of the Asian groups. The 2011 census questionnaire was more consistent with regard to the grouping of Asian ethnicities, such that Indian, Pakistani, Bangladeshi, Chinese and any other Asian background options appeared under
1045-537: A set of melodies that are used by various singers, Bhangra was a form of strict "band culture" in that new melodies were composed for each song. Therefore, the musicians were as important as the singers. Some Punjabi singers include Raka, Vadda Grewal, Prince Poddar, Jass Manak , Karan Randhawa, Guru Randhawa , and Diljit Dosanjh . The roots of modern bhangra music date back to the Sikh Punjabi community in Punjab during
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#17328631511031140-452: A significant and growing minority of the people living in the United Kingdom, with a population of 5.76 million people or 8.6% of the population identifying as Asian or Asian British in the 2021 United Kingdom census . This represented an increase from a 6.9% share of the UK population in 2011, and a 4.4% share in 2001. Represented predominantly by South Asian ethnic groups , census data regarding birthplace and ethnicity demonstrate around
1235-504: A sizeable number of Gujarati Muslims speak Urdu for religious and cultural reasons. Bangladeshis mainly speak Sylheti Bengali and other dialects of Bengali. People from Sri Lanka speak Tamil and Sinhala . Speakers of different dialects mainly refer to their dialects as the main language, for example Sylheti Bengali speakers refer to the Sylheti dialect as just "Bengali" and Mirpuri speakers sometimes say they speak Punjabi. The reason for this
1330-688: A synthesizer, harmonium, accordion or guitar. Folk instruments were rarely used. One of the biggest bhangra stars of the last several decades is Malkit Singh and his band Golden Star. Singh was born in June 1963 in the village of Hussainpur in Punjab. He attended the Lyallpur Khalsa College , Jalandhar , in Punjab in 1980 to study for a bachelor of arts degree. There he met his mentor, Professor Inderjit Singh, who taught him Punjabi folk singing and bhangra dancing. Due to Singh's tutelage, Malkit entered and won song contests during this time. In 1983, he won
1425-425: A total Asian British population of 4,373,339 (6.9 per cent of the total population), excluding people of mixed ethnicity. The 2011 population represented a 1,794,513 increase on the 2001 United Kingdom census figures. All five of the subcategories (Indian, Pakistani, Bangladeshi, Chinese, and Other Asian) rose in their own right, representing both outright population growth, as well as increased demographic share of
1520-617: A version of Panjabi MC 's " Mundian To Bach Ke " ("Beware of the Boys") featured U.S. rapper Jay-Z . Additionally, American rapper Pras of The Fugees recorded tracks with British alternative bhangra band Swami . American singer and actress Selena Gomez released her bhangra-influenced single " Come & Get It " from her first solo album Stars Dance in 2013. Bhangra lyrics, which generally cover social issues or love, are sung in Punjabi . Bhangra lyrics were generally kept deliberately simple by
1615-675: Is a long history of migration to the United Kingdom (and its predecessor states) from across Asia . British colonies and protectorates throughout Asia brought lascars (sailors and militiamen) to port cities in Britain. Immigration of small numbers of South Asians to England began with the arrival of the East India Company to the Indian subcontinent , and the decline of the Mughal Empire , at
1710-581: Is a move towards Punjabi folk music which is the purest form of Punjabi music. Much of the youth struggle to understand the lyrics, although, there are some children and young adults who have maintained their folk roots. Another reason why some fans express an anti-folk sentiment is that many folk songs were written for the dominant Jatts clan whereas Sikhs do not believe in castes, so they disapproved of Punjabi folk music . However, today with artists like Jazzy B , PMC, Sukhshinder Shinda and Diljit Dosanjh , Punjabi folk has increased in popularity although it
1805-465: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Bhangra (music) North America Oceania Bhangra ( Punjabi pronunciation: [ˈpə̀ŋɡ(ə)ɽaː] ) is a type of non-traditional music of Punjab originating from the Punjab region. Over the years, Bhangra has evolved and gained popularity not only in South Asia but also around
1900-536: Is fused in some cases . iTunes has catalogs of many Punjabi folk singers available. Another cause of the resurgence of Punjabi folk music is due to the increased popularity of bhangra in areas like the UK, Canada and U.S. Bhangra has become more accessible through social media platforms such as YouTube and Instagram , for the younger generation. In addition, multiple universities, across the UK, US and Canada have teams as well as academies being set up by senior dancers separate from universities. This resurgence has led to
1995-507: Is that for any given ethnic community, their region-specific dialect is the normative form of the language used. Asian Britons have significant numbers of adherents to various major religions. Based on 2011 census figures for England and Wales (94.7 percent of UK statistics), Muslims account for 43% of the group, while Hindus make up over 18%, and Christians almost 11%. Sikhs constitute nearly 9% of British Asians, and 3.5% are Buddhists. British Chinese are mainly irreligious , with 55% of
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#17328631511032090-672: Is unclear. If the Romany are included, then the earliest arrivals were in the Middle Ages . DNA surveys have linked Romanies to present-day South Asian populations and the Romani language is a member of the Indo-Aryan language family . Romanies are believed to have begun travelling westward around 1000 CE, and have mixed with Middle Eastern and European populations over many centuries. Romani began arriving in sizeable numbers in parts of Western Europe in
2185-408: Is very percussion -heavy – a distinct holdover from Bhangra – with a propulsive beat clearly designed for dancing. The dancehall influence can be felt through the use of pre-programmed music, similar to Dancehall " riddims ". Lyrically, the style features a combination of Sub-Continental-accented (usually Indian) vocals delivered in the clipped style associated with dancehall – and sometimes including
2280-676: The 2011 United Kingdom census . Census results show that Asian Britons with descent from across all of Asia are represented in the UK. For example, births in the Philippines and Thailand in Southeast Asia , or Iran and Iraq in West Asia , are among the highest in the Other Asian subcategory of "Asian / Asian British". Outside of the census, organisation and bodies have made explicit use of such geographic classifications. These have included
2375-533: The 2011 census , the two categories Chinese and Other Asian were listed explicitly under the broad heading and within the grouping of "Asian/Asian British". According to the 2021 United Kingdom census , those identifying as Asian British in England and Wales enumerated 5,515,420, or 9.3% of the population In Northern Ireland, 30,667, or 1.6% of the population, identified as Asian or British Asian. The census in Scotland
2470-760: The Ahmadiyya Community), Sheikh Abdul Qayum (one of the best known scholars in Europe and Chief Imam of East London Mosque ), Abu Yusuf Riyadh ul Haq (Khateeb of Birmingham Central Mosque ), Dr. Mahmudul Hasan (Khateeb of Essex Mosque), Abdur Rahman Madani (Chairman of Global Eid Trust and Chief Imam of Darul Ummah Mosque), Faiz-ul-Aqtab Siddiqi (principal of Hijaz College ), Ajmal Masroor (Imam and Liberal Democrats politician) and Pramukh Swami Maharaj (fifth spiritual successor of Hindu Swaminarayan ). The earliest date at which South Asians settled in Great Britain
2565-622: The Asian continent , the subgroups are often utilized in broad ethnic or cultural classification. Despite wider use, the Office for National Statistics (ONS) does not provide geographic distinctions within the census, meaning all people born in Asia (regardless of region), or with Asian ancestry, are provided designation as "Asian / Asian British". The ONS did, however, acknowledge East, South, Southeast and West Asian individuals in its final recommendations report for
2660-610: The British Heart Foundation , the Greater London Authority , and the Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office . In alphabetical order, some of these subgroups are: Terms to describe British people with Asian heritage are varied and are subject to gradual change created by study in academia, reporting in journalistic works, coverage in other media forms, as well as concepts of self-identity and personhood. Some of
2755-620: The Commonwealth ). Immigrants from former Caribbean colonies (including Indo-Caribbeans ) were also moving to Britain. Although this immigration was continuous, several distinct phases can be identified: Bengali social reformer and founder of the All-India Seamen's Federation, Aftab Ali 's work is recognised to have helped thousands of Asian lascars to migrate, settle and find employment in Britain . He organised rallies and meetings with
2850-710: The East London Mosque , London Central Mosque , Birmingham Central Mosque , Baitul Futuh Mosque , BAPS Shri Swaminarayan Mandir London , Bradford Lakshmi Narayan Hindu Temple , Shikharbandi Jain Derasar in Potters Bar , Gurdwara Sri Guru Singh Sabha in Southall and Guru Nanak Darbar Gurdwara in Gravesend . The publication of Salman Rushdie 's novel The Satanic Verses in 1988 caused major controversy . Muslims condemned
2945-508: The Mandarin , Cantonese , Min , and Hakka languages. The language spoken by Indians are Punjabi , Gujarati , Kutchi , Hindustani ( Hindi – Urdu ), Bengali , Tamil , Telugu and Malayalam . People from Pakistan speak Urdu , Punjabi , Mirpuri , Hindko (dialects of Punjabi), Sindhi , Kashmiri , Pashto and Saraiki . Gujaratis who emigrated from India and East Africa speak Gujarati , Hindi , and Kutchi (a dialect of Sindhi), while
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3040-721: The Mirpur District in Azad Kashmir . The second largest ethnic group of British Pakistanis are the Punjabi people, largely from Attock District of Punjab followed by Pashtuns and other ethnic groups from the districts of Nowshera , Peshawar and Ghazi in province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa . In the London Borough of Waltham Forest there are substantial numbers of Pakistani people originating from Jhelum , Punjab. Studies have shown 95 per cent of British Bangladeshis originate from
3135-895: The Prince of Sylhet . The man was waited upon by the British Prime Minister William Pitt the Younger , and then dined with the Duke of York before presenting himself in front of the King. When the Portuguese explorer Vasco da Gama arrived in Calicut, India in 1498, he established the first European-Asian sea route (commonly called the Cape Route), opening up direct maritime passage between South Asia and Europe. An extension of this route, devised by
3230-553: The Sahotas , were composed of five brothers from Wolverhampton . Their music is a fusion of bhangra, rock and dance. Heera , formed by Bhupinder Bhindi and fronted by Kumar and Dhami, was one of the most popular bands of the 1980s. Bands like Alaap and Heera incorporated rock-influenced beats into bhangra, because it enabled "Asian youth to affirm their identities positively" within the broader environment of alternative rock as an alternative way of expression. However, some believe that
3325-519: The Sylhet Division , located in the Northeastern part of Bangladesh. British Chinese people originate primarily from former British colonies, such as Hong Kong , but also from areas of Southeast Asia , where they were already diasporic populations. There have been three waves of migration of Hindus in the United Kingdom. The first wave was before India's independence in 1947. In the early 1950s
3420-555: The guitar (both electrical), bass , sitar , tumbi , veena , violin and sarangi . The snare , toms , dhadd , dafli, dholki , and damru are the other drums. The tumbi, originally played by folk artists such as Lalchand Yamla Jatt and Kuldip Manak in true folk recordings and then notably used by Chamkila , a Punjabi folk (not bhangra) singer, is a high-tone, single-string instrument and Chimta by (Late) Alam Lohar. The third and fourth generation are generally unable to speak Punjabi if their parents could hardly speak it. There
3515-415: The tumbi , sarangi , dholak (smaller than the dhol), flute , zither , fiddle , harmonium , tabla , guitar , mandolin , saxophone, synthesizer, drum set, and other Western instruments. Perhaps the most famous Bhangra instrument is the dhol. It is a double-sided barrel drum that creates the beat to which Bhangra is danced. The person who plays the instrument, the dholi, plays various beats to create
3610-453: The "Asian / Asian British: Other" group by birthplace: ONS = Office for National Statistics, coding index. The unemployment rate among Indian men was only slightly higher than that for White British or White Irish men, 7 per cent compared with 5 per cent for the other two groups. On the other hand, Pakistanis have higher unemployment rates of 13–14%, and Bangladeshis have one of the highest rates, around 23%. Some surveys also revealed
3705-407: The 16th century. The Romani who settled in Britain are sometimes known as Romanichal , but there are several subgroups within the Romani population of the United Kingdom today. The first educated South Asian to travel to Europe and live in Britain was I'tisam-ud-Din , a Bengali Muslim cleric, munshi and diplomat to the Mughal Empire who arrived in 1765 with his servant Muhammad Muqim during
3800-493: The 1960s. An early pop music and modern recording group of this type of music in the United Kingdom was Bhujhangy Group , founded by Tarlochan Singh Bilga, Balbir Singh Khanpur, Gurpal, Rajinder Dhona and Dalvir Kahanpuri in Birmingham in 1971. Bhujhangy Group's first major hit was "Bhabiye Akh Larr Gayee". It was written by Tarlochan Singh Bilga in the early 1970s and was released on Birmingham's Oriental Star Agencies label. This
3895-524: The 2011 census. In British English usage, especially in less formal contexts, the term "Asian" usually refers to people who trace their ancestry to the Indian subcontinent or South Asia , contrary to other Anglosphere countries such as Australia and the United States , where the term "Asian" usually refers to people who trace their ancestry to the Far East ( East , North and Southeast Asia ). There
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3990-730: The Asian lascars, Austronesian Malay people , from Southeast Asia, formed a significant part of the lascar population settling in, and sailing to and from Britain. From East Asia, Japanese and Chinese seamen were often operating as lascars for British ships and trading companies. From South Asia, Indians made up a huge proportion of these sea crews, particularly in the East India Company 's earliest decades of operation. Parsees (who originate from Persia , West Asia) and Luso-Asians of mixed Portuguese and Indian heritage, also came from South Asia to work as lascars. From West Asia, Armenians formed part of diverse lascar crews, and Yemenis increasingly served as lascar sailors and militiamen after
4085-535: The Conservative Health Minister, Enoch Powell recruited a large number of doctors from the Indian subcontinent . The second wave occurred in the 1970s mainly from East Africa . The later communities included those from Guyana , Trinidad and Tobago , Mauritius and Fiji . The last wave of migration began in the 1990s and included Tamil refugees from Sri Lanka and professionals including doctors and software engineers from India. Chinese Britons speak
4180-684: The Dutch explorer Hendrik Brouwer in 1611 and known as the Brouwer Route , subsequently found a new waterway to Southeast Asia. In the following centuries, the United Kingdom , and its predecessor states, utilised these sea routes to form the British Empire . Capitilising on their growing naval dominance among the other European powers, the British colonised the coastal areas in the West, South, Southeast and East of
4275-460: The Government of the United Kingdom to use the term Asian Briton. Research project Minorities at Risk described this as an effort "to link ethnic groups to their heritage, and to make greater recognition of the sacrifices made by members of ethnic groups during World War II ". British Asian is a widely used term to describe British persons of Asian descent with either citizenship or residency in
4370-404: The Indian unemployment rate to be 6–7% Persons of Indian or mixed Indian origin are more likely than White British to have university degrees, whereas Pakistanis and Bangladeshis are less likely. With the exception of Bangladeshi women, every other group of South Asians, have higher attendance at university than the national average. GCSE pass rates have been rising for all South Asians. In
4465-457: The ONS designated the "Main countries of birth of Other Asian group" (the 10 places of birth with highest recorded figures), which, in descending order of population, were: United Kingdom, Sri Lanka, Iran, India, Iraq, Mauritius, Pakistan, Kenya, Nepal and Yemen. As updated a decade later by the Office for National Statistics , the 2011 United Kingdom census recorded the following population figures for
4560-540: The Patois of the latter style. This style is almost exclusively a British phenomenon, as the two cultures involved in its genesis mix reasonably freely there. The most successful exponent, however, is Apache Indian , who had a worldwide hit with " Boom Shack-A-Lak ", which was included on the soundtrack to the film Dumb and Dumber , among others. British Asian British Asians (also referred to as Asian Britons ) are British people of Asian descent. They constitute
4655-603: The Philippines are the largest foreign-national groups of National Health Service workers. South Asian ethnic groups mostly originate from a few select places in South Asia, these are known as place of origins. East Asian ethnic groups are particularly represented by the Han Chinese in the United Kingdom. British Indians tend to originate mainly from the two Indian States, Punjab and Gujarat . Evidence from Bradford and Birmingham have shown, Pakistanis originate largely from
4750-601: The Trust in 2020, The Guardian questioned the merit of whether the American singer was a person "who inhabits the values of the British Asian community", reporting that Perry was "neither British nor Asian". The term has also received some criticism. BBC Asian Network commissioned an opinion poll that found that the majority of Asians in the UK disliked the term due to its inferred generalisation. Academic Roxy harris has critiqued
4845-708: The UK South Asian population has higher rates of unemployment compared to the White-British population, and number of 16 to 64 year old's who were employed, by ethnicity showed Indians overall had the same ratio in employment as White-British at 76%. However those from Pakistani, Bangladeshi backgrounds have far lower rates in employment at 57%. The gap between men and women was biggest in the combined Pakistani and Bangladeshi ethnic group, where 75% of men and 39% of women were employed compared to 80% of men and 73% of women amongst White-British. As of 2020 , citizens of India and
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#17328631511034940-439: The UK's total population from 4.4% to 6.9%. In terms of birthplace, the first four categories of "Asian / Asian British" people are vastly represented by births in the United Kingdom and the corresponding national-based category (E.g. China and "Asian / Asian British: Chinese"). The following birthplace figures cover the region of England and Wales , which constitute 94.7 percent of the UK's Asian British statistics: In 2001,
5035-474: The UK. Several Asian Britons have broken into the UK film industry , as well as Hollywood, and the U.S. film industry at large; starring in high-grossing box office films, including major film series , and receiving subsequent international recognition and media attention. In television, prominent roles in American sitcoms, series, and long-running British soap operas, such as Coronation Street , EastEnders , Emmerdale and Hollyoaks , have all had
5130-476: The UK. Although not following the UK's census formatting, there are numerous examples of the term gaining cultural traction in the country. Founded by Charles, Prince of Wales in 2007, the British Asian Trust follows the naming convention resultant from the popularity of the term, and projects an association to the category of British Asian people. After the appointment of Katy Perry as an ambassador of
5225-512: The United Kingdom came following the Second World War with the resumed control of Hong Kong , the breakup of the British Empire and the independence of Pakistan, India, Sri Lanka and later Bangladesh, especially during the 1950s and 1960s. An influx of Asian immigrants also took place following the expulsion or flight of Indian communities (then holders of British passports ) from the newly-independent Uganda , Kenya and Tanzania in
5320-479: The United Kingdom. In particular, Indians also came to Britain for educational or economic reasons during the British Raj (with most returning to India after a few months or years) and in greater numbers as the Indian independence movement led to the partition of 1947 , eventually creating the separate countries of India, Pakistan and Bangladesh. The most significant wave of Asian immigration to and settlement in
5415-419: The United Kingdom. North American (non bhangra) folk artists such as Manmohan Waris , Jazzy Bains, Kamal Heer , Harbhajan Mann, Sarabjit Cheema, and Debi Makhsoospuri have emerged and the remix market has grown. In 2001, Punjabi folk, and its hip-hop form, folkhop , began to exert an influence over US R&B music, when Missy Elliott released the folkhop-influenced song " Get Ur Freak On ". In 2003,
5510-449: The United Kingdom. Channi Singh has been awarded the OBE by the Queen for his services to Bhangra music and services/charity for the British Asian community. Co-founder Harjeet Gandhi died in 2003. The 1980s is commonly known as the golden age, or the age of bhangra music, which lasted roughly from 1985 to 1993. The primary emphasis during these times was on the melody/riff, played out usually on
5605-1044: The arrival of Asians with British passports from Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania. At first these were the people employed in government and administrative roles, but this was expanded to include those Asians engaged in commerce. The movement was called the "Exodus". In 1972, all South Asians were expelled from Uganda by the controversial figure Idi Amin , then president of Uganda. Those holding British passports came to Britain. Many such displaced people who were predominantly of Gujarati origins had left behind successful businesses and vast commercial empires in Uganda, but built up their lives all over again in Britain, starting from scratch. Some of these "twice-over" migrants became retailers, while others found suitable employment in white-collar professions. The Commonwealth Immigrants Act 1962 and Immigration Act 1971 largely restricted any further primary immigration , although family members of already-settled migrants were still allowed. In addition, much of
5700-541: The book for blasphemy . On 2 December 1988 the book was publicly burned at a demonstration in Bolton attended by 7,000 Muslims, followed by a similar demonstration and book-burning in Bradford on 14 January 1989. In 1989 Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini of Iran issued a fatwa ordering Muslims to kill Rushdie. Britain is also home of notable Asian religious leaders and scholars. Some of them are Mirza Masroor Ahmad (Caliph of
5795-428: The coming of a new season. Bhangra is sung fiercely with strong lyrics often yelling: "balle balle" or "chakde phate", which refer to celebration and/or pride. Notable bhangra or Punjabi lyricists include Harbans Jandu who wrote "Giddhian Di Rani". Punjabi instruments contribute to bhangra. Originally this was primarily the dhol . The 20th century has brought changes to the instruments that define bhangra, to include
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#17328631511035890-483: The completion of the Suez Canal in 1869, going on to open businesses, like boarding houses , in port cities such as Cardiff and South Shields. There were also the Ceylonese (Sri Lankans) and the Bengalis who also took part in sailing. Following the Second World War and the breakup of the British Empire , South Asian migration to the UK increased through the 1950s and 1960s from Pakistan (including present-day Bangladesh), India and Sri Lanka (who are all members of
5985-457: The continent, creating dozens of British colonies and protectorates in Asia. The administrators of the British Empire termed Asian labourers working for them coolies , of which lascars were considered the maritime equivalent. Lascars were sailors or seamen from many different ethnic backgrounds. The term was sometimes used to specifically refer to a sailor of any Asian ancestry, however there were also African lascars recorded in Britain. Of
6080-531: The creators of the genre because the youth did not understand complex lyrics. Traditional Punjabi folk lyrics are generally more complex and often tell the tales of Punjabi history. There are many bhangra songs devoted to Punjabi pride themes and Punjabi heroes. The lyrics are tributes to the cultural traditions of Punjab. In particular, many bhangra tracks have been written about Udham Singh and Bhagat Singh . Less serious topics include beautiful women with their colourful duppattas . Lyrics can also be about crops and
6175-407: The development of a self-conscious and distinctively rebellious British Asian youth culture centred on an experiential sense of self, e.g., language, gesture , bodily signification, desires, etc., in a situation in which tensions with British culture and racist elements in British society had resulted in alienation in many minority ethnic groups , fostered a sense of need for an affirmation of
6270-452: The different Bhangra segments, such as Dhamaal, Jhummar, One side of the dhol has thicker skin, which creates a deeper sound, and the other side has a thinner skin, resulting in a higher-pitched sound. Two sticks are used to play the dhol instrument. The thicker stick, called the dagga, is used to play the bass side. The thinner tilli is used to play the treble side. Both sticks are usually made of wood or bamboo. The string instruments include
6365-407: The early 1970s. Since the 2010s, British Asians have achieved positions of high political office; Sadiq Khan (of Pakistani descent) became Mayor of London in 2016, Rishi Sunak (of Indian descent) became the first British Asian Prime Minister of the United Kingdom in October 2022 and Humza Yousaf (also of Pakistani descent) became First Minister of Scotland in March 2023. In Britain,
6460-408: The end of the 16th century. Between the 17th and mid-19th century, increasingly diverse lascar crews heading for Britain imported East Asians , such as Japanese and Chinese seamen, Southeast Asians , such as Malays , South Asians such as the Indians (including the people from Pakistan), Bengalis and Ceylonese and post- Suez Canal ; West Asians , such as Armenians and Yemenis , who settled throughout
6555-427: The end of the 1990s, bhangra music had largely declined and been replaced with Punjabi folk singers. The same folk singers which bhangra bands had replaced a decade earlier were being utilized by DJs to make relatively inexpensive live music on laptops. This " folkhop " genre was short lived as records could not be officially released due to nonclearance copyrights on samples used to create the "beat". This continued until
6650-436: The end of the century. Folk-hop record labels such as Hi-Tech were investigated by BPI (British Phonographic Industry) for copyright infringement by way of uncleared samples on releases by folk DJs such as DJ Sanj. Toward the end of the decade, bhangra continued to decline, with folk-hop artists such as Bally Sagoo and Apache Indian signing with international recording labels Sony and Island. Moreover, Multitone Records, one of
6745-487: The folk singer, bhangra recordings had details such as distinctive artwork, logos, clever album names and band/musician listings (who played what). Unlike bhangra, folk music depends on a set number of traditional melodies that may be hundreds of years old. Each new singer simply writes new lyrics using one of those melodies. In the mid-1990s, many artists, attracted to the economics of a bandless singer only act that technology such as karaoke machines now enabled, returned to
6840-486: The former British Raj and Ceylon (the modern countries of India , Pakistan , Bangladesh , Sri Lanka and the Maldives ). The British Sociological Association 's guidelines on equality and diversity suggest that "South Asian" is more precise than "Asian" and that the latter should not be used where there is a risk of it conflating South Asians with people from elsewhere in Asia. The Office for National Statistics uses
6935-784: The highest proportion was in Glasgow at 11.08%; in Wales, the highest concentration was in Cardiff at 9.66%; and in Northern Ireland, the highest concentration was in Belfast at 3.74%. Due to a growing sense of affiliation with Britain, many third generation South Asians chose to not mark "Asian or British Asian" and instead marked "British Asian" in the "Other Asian" write in section. The 2011 United Kingdom census recorded 1,451,862 residents of Indian, 1,174,983 of Pakistani, 451,529 of Bangladeshi, 433,150 of Chinese, and 861,815 of "Other Asian" ethnicity, making
7030-537: The large UK record stores, whose sales were those recorded by the Official UK Charts Company for creating their rankings. The group Alaap was formed in 1977, co-founded by Channi Singh and Harjeet Gandhi who both hailed from Southall , a Punjabi area in London. Their album Teri Chunni De Sitaray was released in 1982 by Multitone. Alaap was considered the first and original superstar bhangra band formed in
7125-674: The likes of the Trades Union Congress . He encouraged lascars and seamen to remain and settle in the United Kingdom. In the 1950s, he founded the Overseas Seamen's Welfare Association which campaigned distressed seamen and their families to be granted British passports . Ali also played an instrumental role in the opening of a passport office in his own home in Sylhet . Beginning around 1964 Africanization policies in East Africa prompted
7220-614: The major recording labels associated with bhangra in Britain in the 1980s and 1990s, was bought by BMG. A recent Pepsi commercial launched in Britain featured South Asian actors and Punjabi folk music. Punjabi folk remixed with hip-hop, known as folkhop , is most often produced when folk vocals are purchased online to be remixed in a studio. Folk vocals are usually sung to traditional melodies, that are often repeated with new lyrics. Some South Asian DJs, especially in America, have mixed Punjabi folk music with house, reggae , and hip-hop to add
7315-445: The original, traditional folk beats away from bhangra music, often incorporating more dhol drum beats and tumbi. This time also saw the rise of several young Punjabi folk singers as a backlash to bhangra music. They were aided by DJs who mixed hip-hop samples with folk singing. Beginning around 1994, there was a trend towards the use of samples (often sampled from mainstream hip hop) mixed with traditional folk rhythm instruments, such as
7410-542: The population subscribing to no religion, 19% Christians and 12% Buddhists. British Pakistanis and Bangladeshis tend to be religiously homogeneous, with Muslims accounting for 92% of each group while their counterparts of Indian and Sri Lankan origin are more religiously diverse, with 55% Hindus, 29% Sikhs, and 15% Muslims. British Gujaratis are predominantly Hindu, belonging to various caste organizations, with large minorities of Muslims , Jains , and smaller numbers of Christians and Zoroastrians . Notable religious buildings are
7505-523: The progression of bhangra music created an "intermezzo culture" post-India's partition, within the unitary definitions of Southeast Asians within the diaspora, thus "establishing a brand new community in their home away from home". Several other influential groups appeared around the same time, including The Saathies, Premi Group, Bhujungy Group, and Apna Sangeet . Apna Sangeet, best known for their hit "Mera Yaar Vajavey Dhol", re-formed for charity in May 2009 after
7600-653: The record labels quickly found that remixing folk singers from India was much cheaper than working with outsourced bhangra bands. A pioneering folk singer that was instrumental in bhangra's demise was Jazzy B , who debuted in 1992. Having sold over 55,000 copies of his third album, Folk and Funky , he is now one of the best-selling Punjabi folk artists in the world, with a vocal style likened to that of Kuldip Manak . Other influential folk artists include Surinder Shinda – famous for his "Putt Jattan De" – Harbhajan Mann , Manmohan Waris , Sarbjit Cheema , Hans Raj Hans , Sardool Sikander , B21 , Paaras and Bombay Talkie . By
7695-438: The reign of King George III . He wrote of his experiences and travels in his Persian book, Shigurf-nama-i-Wilayat ('Wonderous Chronicle of Europe'). This is also the earliest record of literature by a British Asian. Also during the reign of George III, the hookah-bardar (hookah servant/preparer) of James Achilles Kirkpatrick was said to have robbed and cheated Kirkpatrick, making his way to England and stylising himself as
7790-411: The same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Bhangra . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bhangra&oldid=1173092051 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description
7885-534: The subsequent growth in the South Asian community has come from the births of second and third-generation South Asian Britons. After Brexit , EU nationals working in the health and social care sector were replaced by migrants from non-EU countries such as India. About 250,000 people came from India, 90,000 from China and 83,000 from Pakistan in 2023. In 2021, the government launched a scheme for Hongkongers , with more than 200,000 Hong Kong residents immigrating to
7980-408: The term "Asian / Asian British" to categorise British Indians , British Pakistanis , British Bangladeshis , British Chinese people and people of any other Asian ancestry. Definitions and naming conventions for the category have evolved in the history of UK censuses. The 1991 United Kingdom census was the first to include a question on ethnicity (apart from in Northern Ireland, where the question
8075-617: The term as an example of a hyphenated or dual identity within Europe . Use of "Asian Briton" has appeared as both an illustrative term in media and for purposes of self-identity. For example, in 2005, politician Shailesh Vara was described as an Ugandan Asian Briton. Television presenter Sonia Deol and journalist Yasmin Alibhai-Brown have identified themselves as Asian Britons. In 1999, Alibhai-Brown published an Institute for Public Policy Research report, advising various departments of
8170-487: The term of "British Asian" as essentialising and hierarchising the values, or order of priority, of "British" and "Asian". The portmanteau Brasian has also been proposed as an alternative form of the term. In the course of the 2010s, usage of British Asian broadened in British media usage and in self-identification by British citizens or residents, to increasingly also include British people of heritage other than South Asia , such as East Asia and West Asia . In
8265-484: The terms used to describe residents and citizens of the United Kingdom with ancestry from Asia are, in alphabetical order, as follows: The term Asian Briton has been consistently used to refer to someone who is a British citizen or resident with ancestry from across the continent of Asia . In 2005, social science researcher Praful Bidwai used Asian Briton as an example of a "mixed" identity. In 2011, multiple scholars, such as Timothy Garton Ash and Sonja Licht , used
8360-445: The tumbi and dhol. Using folk instruments and hip-hop samples, along with relatively inexpensive folk vocals imported from Punjab, Punjabi folk music was able to cause the decline of bhangra music. Pioneering DJs instrumental in the decline of bhangra were Bally Sagoo and Panjabi MC . As DJs who were initially hired by bhangra labels to remix the original recordings on the label's roster (OSA and Nachural respectively), they along with
8455-421: The word "Asian" most frequently refers to people with ancestry from the Indian subcontinent ( Pakistanis , Indians , Bangladeshis , Sri Lankans ) This usage contrasts to that in the United States , where it is used primarily to refer to people of East and South-East Asian origin. In British English usage, the term Asian usually refers to people who trace their ancestry to South Asia , in particular
8550-413: The world. It has become a significant part of the cultural identity of the Punjabi diaspora in countries like Australia , the United Kingdom , Canada , and the United States . Prior to this musical fusion, Bhangra existed only as a dance form in the native Punjab. This Punjabi music was unique in that it was not traditional nor did it seek any authenticity. While the traditional folk music of Punjab has
8645-452: Was delayed for a year and took place in 2022, the equivalent figure was 212,022, representing 3.9% of the population. The ten local authorities with the largest proportion of people who identified as Asian were: Redbridge (47.33%), Slough (46.75%), Harrow (45.23%), Tower Hamlets (44.43%), Leicester (43.40%), Newham (42.21%), Luton (36.99%), Hounslow (36.73%), Blackburn with Darwen (35.66%) and Hillingdon (33.32%). In Scotland,
8740-488: Was not asked until 2001). The question had tick-boxes for "Indian", "Pakistani" and "Bangladeshi". There was also a tick box, as well as a general "Any other ethnic group (please describe)" option for those not wishing to identify with any of the pre-set tick boxes. For the 2001 census , in England and Wales, "Indian", "Pakistani" and "Bangladeshi" and "Any other Asian background (please write in)" options were grouped under an "Asian or Asian British" heading, with appearing under
8835-542: Was recently signed by Sony . Daler Mehndi , a Punjabi singer from India has a type of music known as "folk pop". Mehndi has released tracks such as "Bolo Ta Ra Ra" and "Ho Jayegee Balle Balle". His song " Tunak Tunak Tun " was released in 1998. Punjabi immigrants have encouraged the growth of Punjabi folk music in the Western hemisphere rather than bhangra music. The bhangra industry has grown in North America much less than in
8930-420: Was said to rise in Britain in the 1970s by Punjabi immigrants who took their native folk music and began experimenting by altering it using instruments from their host country. The new genre quickly became popular in Britain replacing Punjabi folk singers due to it being heavily influenced in Britain by the infusion of rock music and a need to move away from the simple and repetitive Punjabi folk music. It indicated
9025-565: Was the first bhangra song to combine traditional Asian music with modern Western instruments. Although bhangra music used many of the elements of Punjabi folk music (e.g., "Bakkrey Bulaaney" – the goat herding vocalizations), it was also radically different in its embrace of modernity. The song structure of a typical bhangra song featured four verses, a chorus, along with two alternating instrumental bridge sections. (e.g., CVB1CVB2CVB1CVB2C.) Hence it featured more musicianship than its folk predecessor. A modern and commercial form of bhangra music
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