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57-605: Bhagawangola is a growing town with a police station, not identified in 2011 census as a separate place, in the Bhagwangola I CD block in the Lalbag subdivision of Murshidabad district in the state of West Bengal , India . Bhagwangola was an important river port on the Ganges in the 18th century. It was 18 miles from Murshidabad. As a result of its strategic location it became an important trade and commerce centre. Bhagwangola controlled

114-552: A number abuses committed by the BSF. The report was compiled from the interviews of abuse victims, witnesses, members of the BSF, and its Bangladeshi counterpart, the BGB. The report stated that over 900 Bangladeshi citizens were killed during the first decade of the 21st century, many of whom crossed the border for cattle rustling or other smuggling activities. However, the report also noted that some were killed due to "indiscriminate firing from across

171-536: A pucca approach road and 22 villages (40.74%) have transport communication (includes bus service, rail facility and navigable waterways). 4 villages (7.41%) have agricultural credit societies and 6 villages (11.11%) have banks. Persons engaged in agriculture in Bhagawangola I CD block From 1977 onwards major land reforms took place in West Bengal. Land in excess of land ceiling was acquired and distributed amongst

228-414: A total population of 163,438, out of which 84,035 were males and 79,403 were females. Bhagawangola I block registered a population growth of 23.90% during the 1991-2001 decade. Decadal growth for the district was 23.70 per cent. Decadal growth in West Bengal was 17.84 per cent. Decadal Population Growth Rate (%) Sources: The decadal growth of population in Bhagawangola I CD block in 2001-2011

285-655: Is 10 mg/ litre, and the Indian Standard value is 50 mg/ litre. All but one of the 26 blocks of Murshidabad district have arsenic contamination above the WHO level, all but two of the blocks have arsenic concentration above the Indian Standard value and 17 blocks have arsenic concentration above 300 mg/litre. The maximum concentration in Bhagawangola I CD block is 1,285 mg/litre. [REDACTED] Murshidabad travel guide from Wikivoyage Bangladesh-India border The Bangladesh–India border , known locally as

342-520: Is India's border guarding organisation on its border with Pakistan and Bangladesh . Border Guards Bangladesh (BGB), formerly known as the Bangladesh Rifles (BDR), is a paramilitary force responsible for the security of Bangladesh's 4,427 kilometres (2,751 mi) long border with India and Myanmar. Benapole–Petrapole border ceremony at the India-Bangladesh border crossing site

399-431: Is a beating retreat flag ceremony jointly held by the military of both nations every day at 6 pm, which is open to the public as tourist attractions. No special permit or ticket is needed. India has similar border ceremonies with other nations . India-Bangladesh borer has numerous border haats or markets held one day each week. It is not only a market for locals and tourists for buying daily commodities but also

456-472: Is a low-lying area having alluvial soil pattern. Murshidabad district has a 125.35 km long international border with Bangladesh of which 42.35 km is on land and the remaining is riverine. There are 9 blocks – Samserganj, Suti I, Suti II, Raghunathganj II, Lalgola, Bhagawangola I, Bhagawangola II, Raninagar II and Jalangi - along the Bangladesh-India border . The Bagri or the eastern part of

513-453: Is an important cottage industry from the era of the Nawabs. The main areas where this industry has flourished are Khagra and Jiaganj. 99% of ivory craft production is exported. In more recent years sandalwood etching has become more popular than ivory carving. Bell metal and Brass utensils are manufactured in large quantities at Khagra, Berhampore, Kandi and Jangipur. Beedi making has flourished in

570-571: Is at Bhagawangola. Gram panchayats in Bhagawangola I block/ panchayat samiti are: Bhagawangola, Habaspur, Hanumanta Nagar, Kantanagar, Kuthirampur, Mahammadpur, Mahisasthali and Sundarpur. According to the 2011 Census of India , Bhagawangola I CD block had a total population of 202,071, all of which were rural. There were 103,419 (51%) males and 98,652 (49%) females. Population in the age range 0-6 years numbered 28,933. Scheduled Castes numbered 14,557 (7.20%) and Scheduled Tribes numbered 227 (0.14%). As per 2001 census, Bhagawangola I block has

627-526: Is located at 24°19′48″N 88°17′35″E  /  24.330°N 88.293°E  / 24.330; 88.293 Bhagawangola I CD block is bounded by Lalgola CD block and Godagari Upazila in Rajshahi District of Bangladesh, across the Padma , in the north, Bhagawangola II and Raninagar I CD blocks in the east, Murshidabad-Jiaganj and Berhampore CD blocks in the south and Nabagram CD block in

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684-556: The Border Guards Bangladesh (BGB), most notably in 2001 . In July 2009, Channel 4 News reported that hundreds of Indians and Bangladeshis were killed by the BSF along the Indo-Bangladeshi border fence during its construction. The BSF state that the fence's main purpose is to check illegal immigration and to prevent cross-border terrorism . In 2010, Human Rights Watch (HRW) issued an 81-page report which documented

741-605: The President of Bangladesh in 1977, Indira Gandhi also lost the 1977 Indian general election in the same year. In October 1979, Bangladesh said, it should be regarded as no-man's-land and farmers on the Indian side should be refrained from harvesting in no-man's-land. The Indian side disagreed and Indian peasants began harvesting the paddy they had sown. Bangladesh Rifles and the Border Security Force both exchanged fire in

798-1016: The Radcliffe line ( IB ), is an international border running between the republics of Bangladesh and India that demarcates the six divisions of Bangladesh and the Indian states . Bangladesh and India share a 4,096-kilometre-long (2,545 mi) international border, the fifth-longest land border in the world, including 262 km (163 mi) in Assam , 856 km (532 mi) in Tripura , 318 km (198 mi) in Mizoram , 443 km (275 mi) in Meghalaya and 2,217 km (1,378 mi) in West Bengal . The Bangladeshi divisions of Mymensingh , Khulna , Rajshahi , Rangpur , Sylhet , and Chittagong are situated along

855-570: The Ranaghat-Lalgola branch line which was opened in 1905. State Highway 11A , running from Raghunathganj to Bhagawangola passes through this CD block. In 2013-14, Bhagawangola I CD block had 82 primary schools with 10,279 students, 13 middle schools with 2,067 students, 2 high schools with 2,997 students and 8 higher secondary schools with 18,493 students. Bhagawangola I CD block had 366 institutions for special and non-formal education with 17,423 students. In Bhagawangola I CD block, amongst

912-836: The UNCLOS . On 7 July 2014, Arbitration Tribunal resolved the dispute in Bangladesh's favor, which was amicably accepted by both sides, thus ending the dispute. Dispute also included South Talpatti (also called "New Moore"), a small uninhabited offshore sandbar that emerged as an Island in the aftermath of the Bhola cyclone in 1970, and disappeared around March 2010. Designated Integrated Check Posts (ICP, with both customs and immigration facilities) and Land Customs Stations (LCS) are: Transport between India and Bangladesh bears much historical and political significance for both countries, which possessed no ground transport links for 43 years, starting with

969-469: The partition of Bengal and India in 1947. After the establishment of Bangladesh following the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 , bilateral relations improved considerably, but the two governments moved slowly on implementing a 1980 agreement on improving transport links. The Kolkata – Dhaka Bus started in 1999. In 2001, another bus service was launched to connect Dhaka with Agartala, the capital of

1026-507: The 2011 census, Muslims numbered 173,117 and formed 85.67% of the population in Bhagawangola I CD block. Hindus numbered 28,672 and formed 14.19% of the population. Others numbered 282 and formed 0.14% of the population. In Bhagawangola I and Bhagabangola II CD blocks taken together, while the proportion of Muslims increased from 82.02% in 1991 to 85.02% in 2001, the proportion of Hindus declined from 17.98% in 1991 to 14.80% in 2001. Murshidabad district had 4,707,573 Muslims who formed 66.27% of

1083-458: The 2011 census, the total number of literate persons in Bhagawangola I CD block was 115,632 (66.79% of the population over 6 years) out of which males numbered 59,970 (67.64% of the male population over 6 years) and females numbered 55,662 (65.89% of the female population over 6 years). The gender disparity (the difference between female and male literacy rates) was 1.74%. See also – List of West Bengal districts ranked by literacy rate In

1140-525: The 54 inhabited villages, 5 villages did not have a school, 28 villages have more than 1 primary school, 23 villages have at least 1 primary and 1 middle school and 12 villages had at least 1 middle and 1 secondary school. In 2014, Bhagawangola I CD block had 1 block primary health centre, 2 primary health centres and 4 private nursing homes with total 42 beds and 7 doctors (excluding private bodies). It had 25 family welfare subcentres. 905 patients were treated indoor and 171,829 patients were treated outdoor in

1197-985: The Human Development Report 2004 for West Bengal, the rural poverty ratio in Murshidabad district was 46.12%. Purulia, Bankura and Birbhum districts had higher rural poverty ratios. These estimates were based on Central Sample data of NSS 55th round 1999-2000. In Bhagawangola I CD block in 2011, amongst the class of total workers, cultivators numbered 8,376 and formed 13.05%, agricultural labourers numbered 25,986 and formed 40.49%, household industry workers numbered 2,837 and formed 4.42% and other workers numbered 26,980 and formed 42.04%. There are 54 inhabited villages in Bhagawangola I CD block. 100% villages have power supply. 53 villages (98.15%) have drinking water supply. 13 villages (24.07%) have post offices. 53 villages (98.15%) have telephones (including landlines, public call offices and mobile phones). 33 villages (61.11%) have

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1254-415: The Indian state of Tripura , the second-largest city of Northeast India that borders Bangladesh in the east. In 2015 June direct bus service from Kolkata to Agartala via, Petrapole, Dhaka, Akhoura began. The service is operated by West Bengal surface transport corporation. Before partition India and Bangladesh had multiple rail links . In the 21st century, the countries are only connected by rail links on

1311-815: The Jangipur subdivision. In 2013-14, Bhagawangola I CD block had offices of 6 commercial banks and 2 gramin banks . Murshidabad district is listed as a backward region and receives financial support from the Backward Regions Grant Fund . The fund, created by the Government of India, is designed to redress regional imbalances in development. As of 2012, 272 districts across the country were listed under this scheme. The list includes 11 districts of West Bengal. Bhagawangola I CD block has 7 ferry services and 2 originating/ terminating bus routes. Bhagwangola railway station and Subarnamrigi railway station are on

1368-563: The Kingdom of Koch Bihar and the Mughal Empire . After the partition of India in 1947, Cooch Behar district merged with India and Rangpur went to then- East Pakistan , which became Bangladesh in 1971. The prime ministers of India and Bangladesh signed a Land Boundary Agreement in 1974 to exchange all enclaves and simplify the international border. In 1974 Bangladesh approved the proposed Land Boundary Agreement, but India did not ratify it. In 2011

1425-752: The Land Boundary Agreement, the enclave residents could continue to reside at their present location or move to the country of their choice. The adverse possession of Boraibari went to Bangladesh. The undemarcated borders between the nations were also finally solved with respect to Daikhata-Dumabari, Muhurichar (an island in the Muhuri River ), and Pyrdiwah. India and Bangladesh, with different perceptions of their maritime boundaries and exclusive economic zone, engaged in eight rounds of bilateral negotiations since 1974, which remained inconclusive until 2009 when both agreed to undergo arbitration under

1482-746: The Western Bangladeshi border, although there are plans to rebuild some of the other rail links. 2 scheduled passenger trains run between Kolkata and Bangladesh as the Maitree Express and the Bandhan Express . One train Mitali Express runs between Dhaka Cantonment and New Jalpaiguri Junction of North Bengal . Out of total length of International Border with Bangladesh 4,096.70 kilometres (2,545.57 mi), Government of India has completely fenced 3,180 kilometres (1,980 mi) by 2024 and

1539-485: The beginning days of November thus starting intense gunbattles between the two sides. Bangladesh Rifles and Indian Border Security Forces exchanged fire near the Comilla-Tripura border throughout the entire month of November to December 1979. The shooting appeared to have become a habit with the soldiers on both sides. A joint survey team of India and Bangladesh visited the area and watched bullets flying across

1596-539: The border during the 1970s, years after the victory of the Battles of Belonia Bulge by the Mukti Bahini and allied Indian troops . The Belonia issue was almost settled in 1974 when Indira Gandhi and Sheikh Mujibur Rahman agreed to the general principle of watershed. It was decided that in all cases of river line boundaries the midstream would be regarded as the border. And that both sides would take steps to ensure that

1653-649: The border during the prior six months. Bangladeshi media accused the BSF of abducting 5 Bangladeshi children, aged between 8 and 15, from the Haripur Upazila in Thakurgaon District of Bangladesh, in 2010. The children were setting fishing nets near the border. In 2010, Human Rights Watch accused the Border Security Force of the indiscriminate killings. On 7 January 2011, BSF forces killed 15-year-old Felani Khatun after she became tangled while climbing

1710-440: The border fence during a return trip to Bangladesh. Her body was left hanging from the fence where it was photographed, drawing widespread outrage. In 2019, Bangladesh border guards shot at BSF personnel. They claimed self defence. One BSF officer was killed. The breakdown of the length of land border by Indian states is as follows, clockwise: There were nearly 200 enclaves and counter-enclaves that existed on both sides of

1767-472: The border to India. Because of a large number of illegal immigrants crossing from Bangladesh into India, a controversial shoot-on-sight policy has been enforced by the Indian border patrols. This policy was initiated with reports of violence between the illegal migrants and Indian soldiers. The border has also witnessed occasional skirmishes between the Indian Border Security Force (BSF) and

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1824-500: The border up until 2015. The enclaves or chitmahals ( Bengali : ছিটমহল ) that ran along the border between the two nations were a longstanding feature of the region. The enclaves were reputedly part of a high-stakes card game or chess games centuries ago between two regional kings, the Raja of Cooch Behar and the Maharaja of Rangpur , and the result of the confused outcome of a treaty between

1881-551: The border". The HRW called for a joint independent investigation to be conducted by both governments. The Bangladeshi government has often accused the BSF of incursions into Bangladeshi territory, and indiscriminate shooting of civilians along the India–Bangladesh border. In a news conference in August 2008, Indian BSF officials admitted that they killed 59 illegals (34 Bangladeshis, 21 Indians, 4 unidentified) who were trying to cross

1938-466: The border. A number of pillars mark the border between the two states. Small demarcated portions of the border are fenced on both sides. The Radcliffe Line was published on 17 August 1947 as a boundary demarcation line between the dominions of India and Pakistan upon the partition of India . It was named after its architect, Sir Cyril Radcliffe , who, as chairman of the Border Commissions,

1995-486: The cultivable tract as their own territory. Of it, 44.87 acre falls in the Indian territory, while the rest is in Bangladesh's control. In total, there were 8 skirmishes from 1979 to 1999 in Muhuri Char. BGB and BSF clashed for a total of 58 days in 20 years. The border is used as a route for smuggling livestock, food items, medicines, and drugs from India to Bangladesh. Moreover, illegal immigrants from Bangladesh cross

2052-549: The decade 1991-2001. There are reports of Bangladeshi infiltrators entering Murshidabad district. Large villages in Bhagawangola I CD block were (2011 population figures in brackets): Dakshin Hanumanta Nagar (19,813), Kantanagar (15,587), Mahishasthali (17,785), Belia Syampur (11,847), Upar Orahar (4,568), Sundarpur (4,546), Paschim Rampur (4,099), Digha (6,171), Telia (8,259), Bhundar Kismat (5,800), Kochgiria (4,606), Habaspur (17,148) and Kasba Bahadurpur (7,470). As per

2109-750: The decade Giria, Sekhalipur, Khejustala, Mithipur, Fajilpur, Rajapur, Akheriganj, Parashpur villages were badly affected. Many families living along the Ganges continue to be affected. As for example, in 2008, 1,245 families were affected in Lalgola, Bhagawangola I and Bhagawangola II CD Blocks. See also - River bank erosion along the Ganges in Malda and Murshidabad districts Bhagawangola I CD Block has an area of 136.10 km . It has 1 panchayat samity , 8 gram panchayats , 127 gram sansads (village councils), 59 mouzas and 54 inhabited villages. Bhagawangola police station serves this block. The headquarters of this CD Block

2166-477: The disputed 44-acre stretch of land. Exchange of firing ended, but the talks had later failed. Skirmishes in Belonia also occurred in 1985, Where heavy mortars were used in the intense clash. Skirmishes near and in Belonia also occurred in 1999, where 6 civilians including 1 BSF Jawan were injured. The 67.31-acre land at Muhurichar has remained a disputed area since 1974 with both India and Bangladesh claiming

2223-485: The disputed land for 90 minutes. No fatalities or injuries were reported. After the three-day talks, the two delegations issued a brief joint statement in which, both sides agreed to exercise maximum restraint and avoided provocation to ensure the return of normalcy in the Muhuri Char area of the Belonia sector on the Tripura-Comilla border. This merely meant that the two sides would not resort to exchange of firing on

2280-537: The district is a low lying alluvial plain with the shape of an isosceles triangle . The Ganges/Padma and the Bhagirathi form the two equal sides; the Jalangi forms the entire base; other offshoots of the Ganges meander within the area. It is liable to flooding by the Bhagirathi and other rivers. The main rivers of this region are Bhairab, Jalangi, Chhoto Bhairab, Sialmari and Gobra Nala. All these rivers are distributaries of

2337-486: The hospitals, health centres and subcentres of the CD block. Bhagawangola I CD block has Kanapukur Rural Hospital at Kismattatla (with 15 beds), Oper-Orahar Primary Health Centre at Sundarpur (with 2 beds) and Habaspur PHC (with 10 beds). Bhagwangola I CD block is one of the areas of Murshidabad district where ground water is affected by a high level of arsenic contamination . The WHO guideline for arsenic in drinking water

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2394-415: The main branch of the Ganges. The rivers are in their decaying stages. A major problem in Murshidabad district is river bank erosion . As of 2013, an estimated 2.4 million people reside along the banks of the Ganges alone in Murshidabad district. Between 1931 and 1977, 26,769 hectares have been eroded and many villages have been fully submerged. 1980-1990 was a decade of erosion for this district and during

2451-427: The main winter crop from 932 hectares, 2,654 tonnes of Boro paddy (spring crop) from 789 hectares, 143 tonnes of Aus paddy (summer crop) from 66 hectares, 902 tonnes of wheat from 421 hectares, 209 tonnes of maize from 81 hectares, 95,908 tonnes of jute from 6,101 hectares and 8,940 tonnes of potatoes from 298 hectares. It also produced pulses and oilseeds. In 2013-14, the total area irrigated in Bhagawangola I CD block

2508-461: The north-eastern corner of Bagri. In the map alongside, the Ganges / Padma River flows along the northern portion. The border with Bangladesh can be seen in the north and the east. Murshidabad district shares with Bangladesh a porous international border which is notoriously crime prone (partly shown in this map). The Ganges has a tendency to change course frequently, causing severe erosion , mostly along

2565-629: The peasants. Following land reforms land ownership pattern has undergone transformation. In 2013-14, persons engaged in agriculture in Bhagawangola I CD block could be classified as follows: bargadars 1,312 (2.93%), patta (document) holders 3,356 (7.49%), small farmers (possessing land between 1 and 2 hectares) 2,306 (5.14%), marginal farmers (possessing land up to 1 hectare) 11,866 (26.47%) and agricultural labourers 25,986 (57.97%). Bhagawangola I CD Bblock had 130 fertiliser depots, 4 seed stores and 37 fair price shops in 2013-14. In 2013-14, Bhagawangola I CD block produced 2,002 tonnes of Aman paddy ,

2622-437: The population, 2,359,061 Hindus who formed 33.21% of the population, and 37, 173 persons belonging to other religions who formed 0.52% of the population, in the 2011 census. While the proportion of Muslim population in the district increased from 61.40% in 1991 to 63.67% in 2001, the proportion of Hindu population declined from 38.39% in 1991 to 35.92% in 2001. Murshidabad was the only Muslim majority district in West Bengal at

2679-844: The remaining 916 kilometres (569 mi) is covered by physical and non-physical barriers as it is not feasible to fence the entire border due to densely forested rugged mountains, riverine and marshy areas. India has similar fence on borders with Pakistan and Myanmar . The approved length of the fence along Indo-Bangladesh Border was 3,326.14 kilometres (2,066.77 mi) in 2018, sections of which were progressively constructed, i.e. 2,529 kilometres (1,571 mi) by November 2007, 2,649 kilometres (1,646 mi) by October 2009, 2,735 kilometres (1,699 mi) by March 2011, 2,746.44 kilometres (1,706.56 mi) by February 2018, 2,803.013 kilometres (1,741.712 mi) by July 2019, 3,141 kilometres (1,952 mi) by August 2021, and 3,180 kilometres (1,980 mi) by 2024. Border Security Force (BSF)

2736-496: The rivers did not change their course but unfortunately, it was not settled. The joint boundaries commission was to meet in the first week of November to finalise the Belonia border within the framework of the Indira-Mujib agreement. Officials of the two countries held a flag meeting. However, on 15 August 1975, Sheikh Mujibur Rahman and his family was killed after Mujib established a one-party system , and Ziaur Rahman became

2793-423: The southern bank. The historic city of Murshidabad , a centre of major tourist attraction, is located in this area. In 1717, when Murshid Quli Khan became Subahdar , he made Murshidabad the capital of Subah Bangla (then Bengal, Bihar and Odisha). The entire area is overwhelmingly rural with over 90% of the population living in the rural areas. Note: The map alongside presents some of the notable locations in

2850-418: The subdivisions. All places marked in the map are linked in the larger full screen map. Bhagawangola police station has jurisdiction over Bhagawangola I CD block. The headquarters of Bhagwangola I CD block are located at Bhagwangola. SH 11A , runs from Bhagwangola to Raghunathganj. Bhagwangola railway station is situated on the Ranaghat-Lalgola branch line . Bhagawangola I Bhagawangola

2907-551: The time of partition of India in 1947. The proportion of Muslims in the population of Murshidabad district in 1951 was 55.24%. The Radcliffe Line had placed Muslim majority Murshidabad in India and the Hindu majority Khulna in Pakistan, in order to maintain the integrity of the Ganges river system In India. Bengali is the predominant language, spoken by 99.62% of the population. As per

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2964-457: The trend of market prices in the entire region till Calcutta Port took over towards the end of the 18th century. Bhagwangola is located at 24°19′57″N 88°18′24″E  /  24.3324°N 88.3067°E  / 24.3324; 88.3067 . While the Lalbag subdivision is spread across both the natural physiographic regions of the district, Rarh and Bagri, the Domkal subdivision occupies

3021-552: The two countries again agreed to exchange enclaves and adverse possessions. A revised version of the agreement was finally adopted by the two countries when the Parliament of India passed the 119th Amendment to the Indian Constitution on 7 May 2015. Inside the main part of Bangladesh, there were 111 Indian enclaves (17,160.63 acres), while inside the main part of India, there were 51 Bangladeshi enclaves (7,110.02 acres). Under

3078-472: The west. Bhagawangola I CD block lies in the Jalangi-Bhagirathi Interfluve physiographic region in Murshidabad district. The Bhagirathi River splits the district into two natural physiographic regions – Rarh on the west and Bagri on the east. The Padma River separates Murshidabad district from Malda district and Chapai Nawabganj and Rajshahi districts of Bangladesh in the north. It

3135-438: Was 23.62%. The decadal growth rate of population in Murshidabad district was as follows: 33.5% in 1951-61, 28.6% in 1961-71, 25.5% in 1971-81, 28.2% in 1981-91, 23.8% in 1991-2001 and 21.1% in 2001-11. The decadal growth rate for West Bengal in 2001-11 was 13.93%. The decadal growth rate of population in neighbouring Rajshahi District , across the Ganges, in Bangladesh, was 13.48% for the decade 2001-2011, down from 21.19% in

3192-494: Was 3,231 hectares, out of which 123 hectares were irrigated with river lift irrigation, 660 hectares by deep tube well, 48 hectares by shallow tube well and 2,400 hectares by other means. Murshidabad is famous for its silk industry since the Middle Ages. There are three distinct categories in this industry, namely (i) Mulberry cultivation and silkworm rearing (ii) Peeling of raw silk (iii) Weaving of silk fabrics. Ivory carving

3249-534: Was charged with equitably dividing 450,000 square kilometres (175,000 sq mi) of territory with 88 million people based on religious lines. This involved the partition of the Bengal region , which resulted in transferring East Bengal to Pakistan, which was later liberated in 1971 , thereby Bangladesh continuing to share the same line as the border with the Indian Republic. Several skirmishes occurred along

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