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83-662: The league was formed in 1923, after a league reform which was decided upon in Darmstadt , Hesse . It replaced the Kreisliga Nordmain and the Kreisliga Südmain as the highest leagues in the region. Apart from clubs from Hesse, with the Viktoria Aschaffenburg , the league also included one club from Bavaria . The Bezirksliga Main , named after the river Main , started out with eight teams, playing each other in

166-567: A capital city that it has many architectural testimonies of this period. Many of its major architectural landmarks were created by Georg Moller who was appointed the court master builder of the Grand Duchy of Hesse. Due to the fact that the last ruling Grand Duke of Hesse, Ernst Ludwig was a grandson of Queen Victoria and brother to Empress Alexandra of Russia , the architecture of Darmstadt has been influenced by British and Russian imperial architecture with many examples still existing, such as

249-535: A church presbytery. The most important Catholic Church is St. Ludwig in central Darmstadt. The Russian Chapel in Darmstadt is a Russian orthodox church which is still in use. It was built and used as a private chapel by the last Tsar of Russia, Nicholas II , whose wife Alexandra was born in Darmstadt. Although Russian orthodox churches also exist in other cities outside Russia, the Russian Chapel in Darmstadt

332-512: A home-and-away round with the league winner advancing to the Southern German championship , which in turn was a qualification tournament for the German championship . The league modus remained unchanged for its first three seasons, 1923–24, 1924–25 and 1925–26. For its last edition however, it expanded to ten clubs. Additionally, the leagues runners-up also qualified for a "consolidation" round with

415-407: A major part of the city's economy. It is also home to the football club SV Darmstadt 98 . Alexandra Feodorovna (Alix of Hesse) , the wife of Nicholas II of Russia , as well as Maria Alexandrovna (Marie of Hesse) , the wife of Alexander II of Russia , who were related, were born in this city. The name Darmstadt first appears towards the end of the 11th century, then as Darmundestat . Darmstadt

498-528: A place to research the German language. The academy's annual Georg Büchner Prize , named in memory of Georg Büchner , is considered the most prestigious literary award for writers of German language. Darmstadt is located in the Upper Rhine Plain (German: Oberrheinische Tiefebene), a major rift, about 350 km (217 mi) long and on average 50 km (31 mi) wide, between the cities of Frankfurt in

581-560: A separate industry based research educational institution in 1971 and is the largest University of Applied Sciences in Hesse (German: Hessen ) with about 16,500 students. The TU Darmstadt is one of the important technical institutes in Germany and is well known for its research and teaching in the Electrical, Mechanical and Civil Engineering disciplines. Together with other tertiary institutions,

664-491: Is a botanical garden maintained by the Technische Universität Darmstadt with a fine collection of rare plants and trees. The Protestant Stadtkirche Darmstadt built in 1369, is in the pedestrian zone of the downtown city center, next to the historic Hotel Bockshaut. The church has gothic elements along with renaissance and baroque , it houses the royal crypt . Hotel Bockshaut was built in 1580 for

747-559: Is a city in the state of Hesse in Germany, located in the southern part of the Rhine-Main-Area (Frankfurt Metropolitan Region) . Darmstadt has around 160,000 inhabitants, making it the fourth largest city in the state of Hesse after Frankfurt am Main , Wiesbaden , and Kassel . Darmstadt holds the official title "City of Science" (German: Wissenschaftsstadt ) as it is a major centre of scientific institutions, universities, and high-technology companies. The European Organisation for

830-457: Is a major base for low-cost carrier Ryanair . This airport can only be reached by car or bus. Darmstadt is served by several national and European bus links which connect Darmstadt with other German and European cities. Darmstadt was the capital of an independent country (the Grand Duchy of Hesse ) until 1871 and the capital of the German state of Hesse until 1945. It is due to its past as

913-541: Is an officially recognised and Church-sponsored University. The sponsors are the Protestant Church in Hesse and Nassau, the Protestant Church of Kurhesse-Waldeck and the social welfare organisation of both Hessian Protestant Churches, the Diakonie Hesse. The EHD has approximately 1,700 students, 40 professors and 10 scientific employees and about 100 visiting lecturers every semester. The city's main professional club

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996-460: Is commonly known by its German name, Jugendstil. The name is taken from the artistic journal, Die Jugend, which was published in Munich and which espoused the new artistic movement. It was founded in 1896 by Georg Hirth (Hirth remained editor until his death in 1916, and the magazine continued to be published until 1940). The magazine was instrumental in promoting the style in Germany. As a result, its name

1079-531: Is more live music -oriented, is held in the same location every year in May. These two festivals attract 700,000 and 400,000 visitors respectively. Darmstadt has a rich cultural heritage. The Staatstheater Darmstadt dates back to the year 1711. The present building has been in use since 1972 and has three halls which can be used independently. The "Grand Hall" (Großes Haus) provides seats for 956 people and serves as Darmstadt's opera house. The "Small Hall" (Kleines Haus)

1162-672: Is mostly used for plays and dance and has 482 seats. A separate small hall (Kammerspiele), with 120 seats, is used for chamber plays . Among the museums in Darmstadt the most important are the Hessisches Landesmuseum (Hessian State Museum), the Porcelain Museum (exhibition of the ducal porcelain), the Schlossmuseum (exhibition of the ducal residence and possessions), the Kunsthalle Darmstadt (exhibitions of modern art),

1245-635: Is the football club SV Darmstadt 98 , who play at the Merck-Stadion am Böllenfalltor . Other, amateur football clubs are 1. FCA Darmstadt and Rot-Weiß Darmstadt . Darmstadt Artists%27 Colony The Darmstadt Artists' Colony refers both to a group of Jugendstil artists as well as to the buildings in Mathildenhöhe in Darmstadt in which these artists lived and worked in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The artists were largely financed by patrons and worked together with other members of

1328-516: The WirtschaftsWoche test ranking Germany's high-tech regions. The roots of Darmstadt University of Applied Sciences goes back to 1876 along with Technische Universität Darmstadt (the first electrical engineering chair and inventions fame), when both these Universities were an integrated entities, a need for a separate industry based research educational institution was felt in the early 1930s, finally University of Applied sciences emerged as

1411-510: The Darmstadt artists' colony , a major centre of the Jugendstil artistic movement, referring both to the group of artists active in the city in the late 19th and early 20th century, as well as the buildings which they designed, together with the Russian Chapel in Darmstadt , was recognized as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 2021. Darmstadt was formerly the capital of a sovereign state,

1494-537: The Grand Duchy of Hesse and its successor, the People's State of Hesse , a federal state of Germany. As the capital of an increasingly prosperous duchy , the city gained some international prominence and remains one of the wealthiest cities in Europe. In the 20th century, industry (especially chemicals), as well as large science and electronics (and later, information technology) sectors became increasingly important, and are still

1577-500: The Rhein-Main Metropolitan Area ). The backbone of public transport in Darmstadt is the tram system with 10 lines. Local bus lines also serve all parts of the city and the city is served by regional bus lines. The historically important local airfield August Euler Airfield is closed to aviation at large, being reserved for the use of the Technische Universität Darmstadt . Darmstadt can be easily accessed from around

1660-635: The Rhine-Main S-Bahn , which connects the city to Frankfurt . Within Darmstadt the S3 also stops at stations in Darmstadt-Arheilgen and Darmstadt-Wixhausen . Regional trains also connect six secondary railway stations within Darmstadt, and stations in the surrounding region, with Darmstadt Hauptbahnhof . The extensive public transport system of Darmstadt is integrated in the RMV (the transportation authority of

1743-510: The "Blue House" (the ground floor is covered with blue-glazed tiles) were erected to be sold, while the "Grey House", also known as the "Preacher House", (which has a dark rough plaster surface) was designed as a residence for the court preacher. Olbrich designed the interior of the Grey House; Paul Haustein and Johann Vincenz Cissarz were responsible for the décor of the Blue House and some rooms of

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1826-400: The "Institute for New Music and Music Education" uses the building. Architect Conrad Sutter designed and built this house, as well as designing the entire interior. The building was included in the exhibition against the opinion of the jury, for which Sutter assumed the responsibility. Architect Johann Christoph Gewin drew up plans for the house for the builder Wagner. It was destroyed in

1909-579: The 1908 exhibition and moved to what is now the Erbacher Straße on commission of the nearby ducal dairy farm. The particular focus of the last exhibition was the rental residence, for which Albin Müller erected a group of eight three-storey rental apartment buildings on the northern slope of the Mathildenhöhe. Three houses included model interior designs by various colony members. The rear wing of this group

1992-769: The 19th and 20th centuries, Darmstadt became home to many technology companies and research institutes, and has been promoting itself as a "city of science" since 1997. It is well known as a high-tech centre in the vicinity of Frankfurt Airport , with important activities in spacecraft operations (the European Space Agency 's European Space Operations Centre , European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites ), chemistry, pharmacy, information technology, biotechnology, telecommunications (substantial Deutsche Telekom presence) and mechatronics. In 2000, its region also scored Rank 3 amongst 97 German regions in

2075-630: The Darmstadt region is Frankenstein Castle due to claims that the real castle may have had an influence on Mary Shelley's decision to choose the name Frankenstein for her monster-creating scientist. This castle dates back to the 13th century, but it was acquired by the counts of Hesse-Darmstadt in 1662. Darmstadt has a rich tradition in modern architecture. After 1945 several "Meisterbauten" ( Masterful Architectonic Creations ) were built that set standards for modern architecture. These buildings still exist and are used for various public and private purposes. In

2158-413: The Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT) and the European Space Agency 's European Space Operations Centre (ESA ESOC) are located in Darmstadt, as well as GSI Centre for Heavy Ion Research , where several chemical elements such as bohrium (1981), meitnerium (1982), hassium (1984), darmstadtium (1994), roentgenium (1994), and copernicium (1996) were discovered. The existence of

2241-434: The German variant of Art Nouveau . Also during this period, in 1912 the chemist Anton Kollisch , working for the pharmaceutical company Merck , first synthesised the chemical MDMA (ecstasy) in Darmstadt. Darmstadt's municipal area was extended in 1937 to include the neighbouring localities of Arheilgen and Eberstadt, and in 1938 the city was separated administratively from the surrounding district ( Kreis ). Darmstadt

2324-505: The Luisenplatz with its grand-ducal column, the old Hessian State Theatre (at Karolinenplatz) and the Russian Chapel by Leon Benois . The Russian church, St. Mary Magdalene Chapel, is named in honor of the patron saint of Tsar Nicholas' mother and was built of Russian stone on Russian soil brought to Darmstadt by train. It was used by the Russian imperial family and court during regular visits to

2407-570: The Netherlands, the Baltic states, and Nordic countries. The two main centres for Jugendstil art in Germany were Munich and Darmstadt. The Luisenplatz , the central square of the city, forms the centre of the city and is the main public transport hub. In 1844 the Ludwigsäule (called Langer Lui , meaning Long Ludwig ), a 33-metre (108 ft) column commemorating Ludwig I , first Grand Duke of Hesse ,

2490-528: The TU is responsible for the large student population of the city, which stood at 33,547 in 2004. Darmstadt has nine official 'Stadtteile' ( boroughs ). These are: The current mayor of Darmstadt is Hanno Benz of SPD , who was elected in 2023. The following is a list of mayors since 1945: The Darmstadt city council ( Stadtverordnetenversammlung ) governs the city alongside the Mayor. The most recent city council election

2573-518: The Tsarina's brother and family in Darmstadt. The Residential Palace Darmstadt ( Stadtschloss ) is located in the city centre. It was the residence of the counts of Hesse-Darmstadt , later as Grand Dukes of Hesse by the grace of Napoleon. The rulers of Hesse also owned Jagdschloss Kranichstein , a hunting lodge in Kranichstein which is a nowadays used as a five star hotel. The most famous castle in

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2656-626: The art"), and he expected the combination of art and trade to provide economic impulses for his land. The artists' goal was to be the development of modern and forward-looking forms of construction and living. To this end, Ernst Ludwig brought together several artists of the Art Nouveau in Darmstadt: Peter Behrens , Paul Bürck , Rudolf Bosselt , Hans Christiansen , Ludwig Habich  [ de ] , Patriz Huber  [ de ] and Joseph Maria Olbrich . The first exhibition of

2739-485: The artists' colony took place in 1901 with the title "A Document of German Art". The exhibits were the colony's individual houses, the studios and various temporary constructions. The exhibition was opened on 15 May with a festival proposed by Peter Behrens and inspired interest far beyond Darmstadt's borders, but ended nonetheless with a large financial loss in October. Paul Bürck , Hans Christiansen and Patriz Huber left

2822-548: The building for a permanent exhibition of pieces produced in his factory. The house was partially destroyed in World War II, later rebuilt and then restored in the 1980s. Today it is used by the German Academy for Language and Poetry . This house was also designed by Joseph Maria Olbrich . The sculptures on the facade are the work of Rudolf Bosselt . Patriz Huber was responsible for the interior design. Bosselt began work on

2905-464: The catholic secondary school Edith-Stein-Schule , the Adventists ' Schulzentrum Marienhöhe , an anthroposophic Waldorf School , a Comenius School and other faith based private schools. The Technical University of Darmstadt (German: Technische Universität Darmstadt ), commonly referred to as TU Darmstadt, is a prestigious research university in Germany. It was founded in 1877 and received

2988-509: The city was also the location of a subcamp of the Natzweiler-Struthof concentration camp . Several prominent members of the German resistance movement against the Nazis were citizens of Darmstadt, including Wilhelm Leuschner and Theodor Haubach , both executed for their opposition to Hitler's regime. Darmstadt was first bombed on 30 July 1940, and 34 other air raids would follow before

3071-449: The colony shortly afterwards, as did Peter Behrens and Rudolf Bosselt in the following years. The Ernst Ludwig House was built as a common atelier following plans drawn up by Joseph Maria Olbrich . Olbrich had worked as an architect and was the central figure in the group of artists, Peter Behrens having been involved at first only as a painter and an illustrator. The laying of the foundation stone took place on 24 March 1900. The atelier

3154-501: The corner house. The three houses were intended to demonstrate living possibilities for the middle classes. They were heavily damaged in World War II. The Grey House made way for a new construction, while the other two were reconstructed with serious modifications. The third exhibition, which was open to artists and craftsmen from Hesse, was centred on a colony of small residences, in order to show that modern forms of living were attainable with limited financial means. The exhibition's theme

3237-438: The details but in accordance with the original plans. The House Christiansen was designed by Olbrich in accordance with painter Hans Christiansen's wishes. The facade was dominated by large areas of colour, but the decoration was at times also figurative. It was painted by Christiansen and offered plenty of material for discussion. The artist and his family lived in the house for quite some time, even though Christiansen worked for

3320-466: The end of the exhibition. Olbrich was commissioned by the firm Opel from Rüsselheim to design a single occupancy house complete with the interior design as part of the small residence colony. Instead of an eat-in kitchen, which was common at the time, there was a small kitchen and a large living room in the ground floor. In the second floor, there were two large bedrooms and a bathroom. The three houses by Mahr, Metzendorf and Wienkoop were dismantled after

3403-471: The entrance and are the work of Ludwig Habich. The artists' houses were grouped around the atelier. Towards the end of the 1980s, the building was rebuilt and turned into a museum ( Museum Künstlerkolonie Darmstadt  [ de ] ) about the Darmstadt Artists' Colony. The artists could buy property in favourable conditions and construct residential houses that were to feature in the exhibition. It

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3486-896: The exhibition centre Mathildenhöhe, and the Museum Künstlerkolonie ( Art Nouveau museum). The Jazz-Institut Darmstadt is Germany's largest publicly accessible jazz archive. The Internationales Musikinstitut Darmstadt, harboring one of the world's largest collections of post-war sheet music , also hosts the biennial Internationale Ferienkurse für Neue Musik , a summer school in contemporary classical music founded by Wolfgang Steinecke . A large number of avant-garde composers have attended and given lectures there, including Olivier Messiaen , Luciano Berio , Milton Babbitt , Pierre Boulez , Luigi Nono , John Cage , György Ligeti , Iannis Xenakis , Karlheinz Stockhausen , Mauricio Kagel , and Helmut Lachenmann . The Deutsche Akademie für Sprache und Dichtung provides writers and scholars with

3569-430: The fields of electrical, mechanical and civil engineering, architecture, computer science, mathematics and the natural sciences. It also offers courses in economics, law, history, politics, sociology, psychology, sport science and linguistics. It also offers degree courses for teaching positions at German vocational schools and Gymnasiums. The Darmstadt University of Applied Sciences (German: Hochschule Darmstadt ) has

3652-597: The financing. The conditions required the houses to have at least three residential rooms, to be made of local building materials, and not to cost more than 4000 Mark for a single occupancy house or 7200 Mark for a dual occupancy house. Moreover, the architects were required to design an interior which cost less than 1000 Mark per residence. The buildings were designed by the local architects Ludwig Mahr , Georg Metzendorf , Josef Rings , Heinrich Walbe , Arthur Wienkoop and Joseph Maria Olbrich . The fully furnished buildings were displayed in 1908 but were dismantled shortly after

3735-459: The first exhibition in the Mathildenhöhe. Traditionalists Alfred Messel (residence for museum director Paul Ostermann von Roth), Georg Metzendorf (residence for Georg Kaiser), Heinrich Metzendorf (residence for Hofrat Otto Stockhausen) and Friedrich Pützer ( inter alia his own residence, the residence for Dr. Mühlberger and the dual residency house for Finanzrat Dr. Becker and Finanzrat Bornscheuer) were however able to display their concepts on

3818-454: The following elements was also confirmed at GSI Centre for Heavy Ion Research : nihonium (2012), flerovium (2009), moscovium (2012), livermorium (2010), and tennessine (2012). The Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR) is an international accelerator facility under construction. Darmstadt is also the seat of the world's oldest pharmaceutical company, Merck , which is the city's largest employer. The Mathildenhöhe, including

3901-553: The group who ideally had concordant artistic tastes. UNESCO recognized the Mathildenhöhe artists' colony in Darmstadt as a World Heritage Site in 2021, because of its testimony to early modern architecture and landscape design, and its influence in the reform movements of the early 20th century. The artists' colony was founded in 1899 by Ernest Ludwig, Grand Duke of Hesse . His motto was: " Mein Hessenland blühe und in ihm die Kunst " ("My Hessian land shall flourish and in it,

3984-846: The highest number of industrial linkage programs, compared to the rest of the universities of applied sciences. The roots of University of Applied Sciences Darmstadt dates back to 1876. However, it has not emerged as a separate institution before 1971. As of 2017 it was the largest University of Applied Sciences in the State of Hesse, with about 16,000 students. It offers courses in architecture, chemical engineering, materials science, civil engineering, computer science, design, economics, electrical engineering and information technology, mathematics and science, mechanical engineering, media (including information science and engineering), plastics engineering, social and cultural studies, and several social sciences. The Protestant University of Applied Sciences Darmstadt (EHD)

4067-411: The house, but was not able to cover the costs of construction. Glückert thus took over the house and paid for its completion. Its present appearance approximates its original form. Peter Behrens was a self-taught architect. His design for his own house and its interior represented his debut. Having one and the same architect and interior designer gave the house a particularly pronounced consistency. It

4150-525: The inhabitants were killed, and 66,000 to 70,000 were left homeless. Over three-quarters of Darmstadt's inner city was destroyed. Post-war rebuilding was done in a relatively plain architectural style, although a number of the historic buildings were rebuilt to their original appearance following the city's capture on 25 March 1945 by the American 4th Armored Division . Today around 30% of Darmstadt consists out of buildings from before World War II. Throughout

4233-541: The large financial losses of the first exhibition. The remaining members Olbrich and Habich had been joined at this time by three new members: Johann Vincenz Cissarz  [ de ] , Daniel Greiner  [ de ] and Paul Haustein  [ de ] . The three interconnected houses at the corner of the Stiftstraße and Prinz-Christians-Weg were built in 1904 according to plans by Joseph Maria Olbrich. The corner house (with pilaster strips made of bricks) and

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4316-519: The late 1990s the Waldspirale ('Forest Spiral') was built, a residential complex by Austrian Friedensreich Hundertwasser . As an almost surreal building, it is internationally famous for its almost absolute rejection of rectangular forms, down to every window having a different shape, the style being a trademark of Hundertwasser's work. Hundertwasser died before the Waldspirale was finished. Darmstadt

4399-702: The league as the new Bezirksliga was immediately sub-divided into two independent, regional divisions. Out of the ten clubs in the league, nine went to the new Bezirksliga Main-Hessen - Main division , only the VfL Neu-Isenburg found itself grouped into the Hessen division of the new league. Qualified teams and their success: Qualified teams and their success: The league was formed from eight teams: Source: "Bezirksliga Main" . Das deutsche Fussball-Archiv . Retrieved 2008-07-26 . Darmstadt Darmstadt ( German: [ˈdaʁmʃtat] )

4482-568: The main hub for German flag carrier Lufthansa . Frankfurt Egelsbach Airport ( Flugplatz Frankfurt-Egelsbach ) is a busy general aviation airport located 5 km north of Darmstadt, near the town of Egelsbach . Despite the name, Frankfurt Hahn Airport ( Flughafen Frankfurt-Hahn ) is located far outside the Frankfurt Metro Area, approximately 120 km (75 mi) to the west in Lautzenhausen ( Rhineland-Palatinate ). Hahn Airport

4565-537: The margins of the artists' colony. The exhibition terrain was surrounded by a fence only for the duration of the exhibition. The houses of the artists' colony and those of the other architects were immediately adjacent to one another in the development. The city of Darmstadt established a new artists' colony in the 1960s. Seven ateliers and residences were erected between 1965 and 1967 according to plans by Rolf Prange , Rudolf Kramer , Bert Seidel , Heribert Hausmann and Reinhold Kargel . The author Heinrich Schirmbeck ,

4648-502: The most part outside of Darmstadt in later years. The building was completely destroyed in World War II and not reconstructed. A gap was left where it had stood, thereby also destroying the original symmetry of the area. This house, known as "Beaulieu" was erected for the well-off Georg Keller according to plans drawn up by Joseph Maria Olbrich. Following its destruction in the war, it was rebuilt completely differently. The second exhibition featured almost only temporary constructions after

4731-431: The neighbouring Exhibition Building, which were opened in 1908 as a venue for the members of the artists' colony to display their artistic work. The building stands on a former reservoir, part of the Darmstadt water network, which was originally only sealed over with earth. This House was designed by Olbrich as a venue for displays of industrial and trade products from Upper Hesse and largely decorated by him as well. Today,

4814-570: The north and Mannheim in the south. Darmstadt's southeastern boroughs are located in the spurs of the Odenwald , a low mountain range in Southern Hesse between the Main and Neckar rivers. Southern Hesse is well known for its mild climate which allows winegrowing on a large scale in the region south of Darmstadt. The weather is often volatile with the summers being warm and humid with frequent thunderstorms,

4897-645: The other runners-up of the southern Bezirksligas . The winner of this round was awarded the third entry spot for the south to the German finals. In an attempt to bring all Southern German leagues to a similar system, the Bezirksligas were reorganised in 1927. For the Bezirksliga Main , this meant, it joined with the northern clubs of the Bezirksliga Rheinhessen-Saar to form the new Bezirksliga Main-Hessen . In practice, this meant little change for

4980-480: The rest of Germany and Europe through its main railway station, Darmstadt Hauptbahnhof , which is located in the western part of the city centre. The station is part of the Intercity-Express network and also served by other long-distance trains. It is a busy station with 12 platforms and serves as a transportation hub for the southern Hesse/ Odenwald region. Darmstadt Hauptbahnhof is the terminus of S3 of

5063-508: The right to award doctorates in 1899. In 1882 it was the first university in the world to set up a chair in electrical engineering, in 1883 the first faculty for electrical engineering was founded there. The university is organized in 13 departments and 5 fields of study, which all together offer about 100 courses of studies. The fields of study offer interdisciplinary degree courses in which students take lectures in multiple departments. The university, as its title suggests, offers degree courses in

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5146-451: The war's end. The old city centre was largely destroyed in a British bombing raid on 11/12 September 1944. This attack was an example of "area bombing" using high explosive and incendiary bombs, which combined in that attack to create a firestorm, a self-sustaining combustion process in which winds generated by the fire ensure it continues to burn until everything possible has been consumed. During this attack an estimated 11,000 to 12,500 of

5229-624: The war. The small residence colony was erected on the eastern slope of the Mathildenhöhe as a model for residences for less well-off classes. It was made up of one dual occupancy house, two semi-detached houses and three single occupancy houses. The model houses were exhibited collectively by the Ernst Ludwig Society and the Hesse Central Society for the Construction of Cheaper Apartments. Six industrialist magnates from Hesse provided

5312-452: The winters mostly relatively mild with frequent periods of high fog . Snowfall is most likely in January and February, but mild winters without considerable snowfall can occur. The Darmstadt weather station has recorded the following extreme values: The City of Darmstadt offers students a broad variety of public primary, secondary and tertiary schools. Besides them private schools exist, e.g.

5395-410: The world via Frankfurt Airport ( Flughafen Frankfurt am Main ) which is located 20 km (12 mi) north of central Darmstadt and connected to it via Autobahn 5, S-Bahn , several bus lines and a direct express bus-link (" Airliner "). The airport ranks among the world's busiest airports by passenger traffic and is the second-busiest airport by cargo traffic in Europe. The airport also serves as

5478-740: Was a centre of the Art Nouveau movement . Surviving examples of the Jugendstil period include the Rosenhöhe, a landscaped English-style rose garden from the 19th century, recently renovated and replanted, the UNESCO World Heritage Site Mathildenhöhe , with the Hochzeitsturm ('Wedding tower', also commonly known as the 'Five-Finger-Tower') by Joseph Maria Olbrich , the Russian Chapel in Darmstadt and large exhibition halls as well as many private villas built by Jugendstil architects who had settled in Darmstadt. German Art Nouveau

5561-554: Was a five-storey atelier. This row of apartment buildings was destroyed in World War II, but the atelier with its brown striped southern facade survived. The sycamore grove and the lion gate (now the entrance gate to the Park Rosenhöhe) can still be seen today. The colony members at this time were Heinrich Jobst , Friedrich Wilhelm Kleukens , Albin Müller , Fritz Osswald , Emanuel Josef Margold , Edmund Körner and Bernhard Hoetger . Darmstadt's local architects did not take part in

5644-444: Was adopted as the most common German-language term for the style: Jugendstil ("young style"). Although, during the early 20th century, the word was applied to only two-dimensional examples of the graphic arts, especially the forms of organic typography and graphic design found in and influenced by German magazines like Jugend, Pan, and Simplicissimus , it is now applied to more general manifestations of Art Nouveau visual arts in Germany,

5727-403: Was also responsible for the ground floor interior. It is the smallest of the houses and its particular form is the result of the quadratic shape of the property on which it is built, which lies at the intersection of two streets. It survived the war unscathed and was restored to its original appearance in 1991–1992 following several less fortunate attempts to renovate and redesign it. The building

5810-458: Was both a worksite and a venue for gatherings in the artists' colony. In the middle of the main floor is the meeting room with paintings by Paul Bürck and there are three artist studios on each side of it. There are two underground artists' apartments and underground rooms for business purposes. The entrance is located in a niche that is decorated with gold-plated flower motifs. Two six-metre tall statues, "Man and Woman" or "Strength and Beauty", flank

5893-593: Was chartered as a city by the Holy Roman Emperor Ludwig the Bavarian in 1330, at which time it belonged to the counts of Katzenelnbogen . The city, then called Darmstait , became a secondary residence for the counts, with a small castle established at the site of the current, much larger edifice. When the house of Katzenelnbogen became extinct in 1479, the city was passed to the Landgraviate of Hesse , and

5976-427: Was envisaged that the efforts to combine architecture, interior design, handicraft and painting should thus be demonstrated with concrete examples. Only Olbrich, Christiansen, Habich and Behrens could afford to build homes of their own but there were nonetheless eight fully furnished houses in the first exhibition. Wilhelm Deiters was the manager of the artists' colony. His house was designed by Joseph Maria Olbrich, who

6059-458: Was free and applied art. Besides Olbrich, the colony also housed Albin Müller , Jakob Julius Scharvogel  [ de ] , Joseph Emil Schneckendorf  [ de ] , Ernst Riegel  [ de ] , Friedrich Wilhelm Kleukens  [ de ] and Heinrich Jobst  [ de ] at the time. Joseph Maria Olbrich planned the Wedding Tower  [ de ] and

6142-459: Was held on 14 March 2021, and the results were as follows: Darmstadt is connected to a number of major roads, including two Autobahnen ( Bundesautobahn 5 and Bundesautobahn 67 ). The main road passing west–east is the Bundesstraße 26 , the Bundesstraße 3 runs north–south. The rural areas east of the city in the Odenwald are accessed by several secondary roads. Darmstadt is connected to

6225-499: Was however also the single most expensive house in the exhibition, with total costs of 200,000 Mark. Behrens never lived in it, choosing instead to sell it shortly after the exhibition. It was heavily damaged in World War II , but at least the exterior has been largely restored to its original state. Some articles and pieces of furniture were apparently removed from the house at an earlier date and have thus survived. Olbrich's own house

6308-678: Was part of the Royal Gardens used exclusively by the dukes of Darmstadt. Today it is a public park, heavily used in every season of the year. Other important parks are the French style parks Prinz-Georgs-Garten and Orangerie , the modern style Bürgerpark ("People's Park") in northern Darmstadt and the mystical Park Rosenhöhe ("Rose Heights"), which also serves as the cemetery for the dukes and their immediate family, with two impressive mausoleum buildings (Altes Mausoleum and Neues Mausoleum) in its remote parts. The Botanischer Garten in eastern Darmstadt

6391-558: Was placed in the middle of the square. While the column still stands, the square is today surrounded by mostly modern buildings. Other important squares are the Marktplatz (see image) near the old city hall and the Sabaisplatz at the Mathildenhöhe . The city has a high density of parks. Among the most important parks are the English style Herrngarten in central Darmstadt. In former times it

6474-414: Was relatively cheap at 75,000 Mark. The building had a red hip roof that continued down over the ground floor on the northern side. Olbrich himself had also designed the entire interior. The house was heavily damaged in World War II. It was rebuilt in 1950–1951, although everything above the ground floor was completely changed. Only the white and blue tiles on the facade recall the original construction. It

6557-432: Was seat of the ruling landgraves (1567–1806) and thereafter (to 1918) of the grand dukes of Hesse . The city's population grew during the 19th century, from a little over 10,000, to 72,000 inhabitants. A polytechnical school, which later became a Technical University now known as TU Darmstadt , was established in 1877. In the early 20th century, Darmstadt was an important centre for the art movement of Jugendstil ,

6640-460: Was the first city in Germany to force Jewish shops to close in early 1933, shortly after the Nazis took power in Germany. The shops were only closed for one day, for "endangering communal order and tranquility". In 1942, over 3,000 Jews from Darmstadt were first forced into a collection camp located in the Liebigschule, and later deported to concentration camps where most eventually died. In 1944,

6723-466: Was the home of the German Polish Institute  [ de ] from 1996 to 2016. Joseph Maria Olbrich also designed this house for Julius Glückert. It was the largest in the exhibition. Julius Glückert was a producer of furniture and an important promoter of the artists' colony. He had envisaged selling the house as soon as it was finished, but decided shortly before its completion to use

6806-703: Was the only official Russian church used by the Tsar outside the Russian Empire . It is said that the chapel was built on Russian soil that was brought to Darmstadt exclusively for the purpose of building the Tsar's private chapel on it. Every year on the first weekend of July the Heinerfest festival is held in the streets surrounding the old ducal palace. It is a traditional German festival with music acts, beer halls , amusement rides and booths selling trinkets and food. The similar Schlossgrabenfest  [ de ] , which

6889-557: Was used by the German Polish Institute from 1980 to 1996. Joseph Maria Olbrich was the architect of the Ludwig Habich's House, which was the studio and residence of sculptor Ludwig Habich. Patriz Huber was responsible for the interior design. The building is notable for its flat roof and solid geometry with its Spartan decoration. After suffering serious damage during the war, it was rebuilt in 1951 with certain changes in

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