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63-448: The seating is 1,302 places, of which 482 are in the stalls. The hall won a Europa Nostra architecture award as an "admirably sensitive designed concert hall". In 1966, the head of Swedish radio Olof Rydbeck and director of music Karl-Birger Blomdahl approached the then Minister of Transport and Communications Olof Palme about the need for a new home for the national radio orchestra where they could rehearse, record and give concerts in

126-621: A directly effective right upon citizens to reside in another Member State. Before the case of Baumbast , it was widely assumed that non-economically active citizens had no rights to residence deriving directly from the EU Treaty, only from directives created under the Treaty. In Baumbast , however, the ECJ held that (the then) Article 18 of the EC Treaty granted a generally applicable right to residency, which

189-547: A balanced and sustainable development of urban and rural, built and natural environment. Europa Nostra also seeks to highlight the importance of cultural heritage as a building block of European identity and as contributing to a strengthening sense of European citizenship . Its activities are coordinated by an International Secretariat based in The Hague (Netherlands) headed by Europa Nostra's Secretary General, Sneška Quaedvlieg-Mihailović (Netherlands/Serbia). In several countries,

252-716: A catalyst for action. The 7 Most Endangered sites and monuments for 2013 were selected from a shortlist of 14 prepared by an international panel that reviewed 40 nominations from member organizations from 21 countries. In recent years, Europa Nostra has raised its voice to save endangered historic monuments, sites or landscapes in Europe, including: Europa Nostra serves as a platform for exchange for those concerned with heritage conservation , education, research, communication and interpretation . It enables heritage professionals, volunteers and supporters from all over Europe and beyond to meet, debate and inspire each other. It also engages with

315-661: A limited form of EU citizenship is available to transgender people. Article 45 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union states that State employment reserved exclusively for nationals varies between member states. For example, training as a barrister in Britain and Ireland is not reserved for nationals, while the corresponding French course qualifies one as a 'juge' and hence can only be taken by French citizens. However, it

378-785: A member state may withhold EU citizenship from certain groups of citizens, most commonly in overseas territories of member states outside the EU. A previous example was for the United Kingdom. Owing to the complexity of British nationality law , a 1982 declaration by Her Majesty's Government defined who would be deemed to be a British "national" for European Union purposes: This declaration therefore excluded from EU citizenship various historic categories of British citizenship generally associated with former British colonies, such as British Overseas Citizens , British Nationals (Overseas) , British protected persons and any British subject who did not have

441-483: A wider range of stakeholders, be they policy makers, other European or international networks related to heritage, students and young heritage professionals or the public at large. Europa Nostra is a partner of Wiki Loves Monuments, the Misplaced Pages photo contest around cultural heritage. Europa Nostra organises an annual European Heritage Congress, including a public Forum on various heritage subjects that are of relevance to

504-685: Is President and its Executive President is Hermann Parzinger (Germany). Previous presidents have been World-renowned opera singer Maestro Plácido Domingo (Spain) the Infanta Doña Pilar de Borbón from Spain (2007–2009), the Prince Consort of Denmark (1990–2007) and Hans de Koster from the Netherlands (1984–1990). Acting as a European cultural heritage lobby, Europa Nostra seeks to secure adequate support for cultural heritage in various areas of European policy-making and funding. It advocates

567-522: Is a non-profit organisation, which is financially supported by membership fees and donations, by the European Commission and other public bodies and private supporters and sponsors. Europa Nostra's membership is made up of different categories: European citizenship European Union citizenship is afforded to all nationals of member states of the European Union (EU). It

630-638: Is a particularly important factor when considering the degree of integration. The ECJ's case law on citizenship has been criticised for subjecting an increasing number of national rules to the proportionality assessment. Also, the right to free movement is not fully available to certain groups of Union citizens because of the various hurdles they face in real life. For example, transgender EU citizens face problems getting identity documents and going through identity checks, reuniting with their family members and accompanying children, as well as accessing social assistance. The scale of those issues gives grounds that only

693-480: Is broadly limited to those roles that exercise a significant degree of public authority, such as judges, police, the military, diplomats, senior civil servants or politicians. Note that not all Member States choose to restrict all of these posts to nationals. Much of the existing secondary legislation and case law was consolidated in the Citizens' Rights Directive 2004/38/EC on the right to move and reside freely within

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756-413: Is limited by secondary legislation, but only where that secondary legislation is proportionate. Member States can distinguish between nationals and Union citizens but only if the provisions satisfy the test of proportionality. Migrant EU citizens have a "legitimate expectation of a limited degree of financial solidarity... having regard to their degree of integration into the host society" Length of time

819-630: Is the voice of this movement to relevant international bodies, in particular the European Union , the Council of Europe and UNESCO . It has consultative status with UNESCO and is recognised as an NGO partner. Europa Nostra's network covers almost 50 countries across Europe and beyond. It is composed of over 250 member organisations (heritage associations and foundations with a combined membership of more than 5 million people), 150 associated organisations (governmental bodies, local authorities and corporations) and also 1500 individual members who directly support

882-437: The 2013 enlargement , some countries implemented restrictions on Croatian nationals following the country's EU accession on 1 July 2013. As of March 2021, all EU countries have dropped restrictions entirely. There is no common EU policy on the acquisition of European citizenship as it is supplementary to national citizenship. (EC citizenship was initially granted to all nationals of European Community member states in 1994 by

945-582: The European Communities in 1985, the autonomous territory within the Kingdom of Denmark remains associated with the European Union , being one of the overseas countries and territories of the EU. The relationship with the EU means that all Danish citizens residing in Greenland are EU citizens. This allows Greenlanders to move and reside freely within the EU. This contrasts with Danish citizens living in

1008-635: The Faroe Islands who are excluded from EU citizenship. This is a summary of nationality laws for each of the twenty-seven EU member states. People born in Austria: Austrian nationality is acquired by descent under one of the following conditions: People born in Belgium who: Belgian nationality is acquired by descent under one of the following conditions: Foreigners can obtain nationality by declaration at their municipality of residence if they have

1071-490: The "Power of Example", the awards also aim to encourage further efforts and projects related to heritage throughout Europe. Europa Nostra is the main partner of " The Best in Heritage ", an annual presentation of awarded museum, heritage, and conservation projects, which takes place in the second part of September in the world heritage town of Dubrovnik (Croatia). Europa Nostra supports national and international campaigns for

1134-718: The 'right of abode' under British immigration law. In 2002, with the passing of the British Overseas Territories Act 2002 , EU citizenship was extended to almost all British overseas territories citizens when they were automatically granted full British citizenship (with the exception of those with an association to the British sovereign base areas of Akrotiri and Dhekelia on the Island of Cyprus). This had effectively granted them full EU citizenship rights, including free movement rights, although only residents of Gibraltar had

1197-594: The 19th century. At the main entrance to the concert hall there is a sculpture of Berwald by the Swedish artist Carl Eldh . Since 2003, the Östersjöfestivalen (Baltic Sea Festival) in late summer each year is based at the Berwald Hall for a series of events. Orchestras from around the Baltic and northern Europe participate, including youth ensembles. The building is sometimes casually called "the mine" ( gruvan ) in reference to

1260-612: The Berwald Hall has been home not only to the Swedish Radio Symphony Orchestra, but also to the Swedish Radio Choir . It also welcomes guest orchestras from Sweden and abroad. Most SRSO concerts at the hall are broadcast live nationally on P2 while others are also broadcast via the European Broadcasting Union . The Berwald Hall is named after Franz Berwald one of Sweden's foremost composers of

1323-486: The Court to hold that a mere recipient of services has free movement rights under the Treaty, so that almost every national of an EU country moving to another member state as a recipient of services, whether economically active or not, but provided they do not constitute an unreasonable burden for the host state, shall non be granted equality of treatment had a right to non-discrimination on the ground of nationality even prior to

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1386-481: The EU and acts and directives regarding protection of personal data, rights of victims of crime, preventing and combating trafficking in human beings, equal pay, as well as protection from discrimination in employment on grounds of religion or belief, sexual orientation and age. The office of the European Ombudsman can be directly approached by EU citizens. The modern EU citizenship status partially relies on

1449-458: The EU. New member states may undergo transitional regimes for Freedom of movement for workers , during which their nationals only enjoy restricted access to labour markets in other member states. EU member states are permitted to keep restrictions on citizens of the newly acceded countries for a maximum of seven years after accession. For the EFTA states (Iceland, Lichtenstein, Norway and Switzerland),

1512-547: The European Personal Status were firstly recognized "to certain categories of workers, then expanded to all workers, to certain categories of non-workers (e.g. retirees, students), and finally perhaps to all citizens". In line with the model of social citizenship proposed by Thomas Humphrey Marshall , the "European Personal Status" or "Proto-European citizenship" was built by recognizing the social rights connected to freedom of movement and freedom of establishment in

1575-648: The International Secretariat is assisted in its tasks by country representations. Europa Nostra's main activities are: Europa Nostra was founded in 1963 on the initiative of Italia Nostra , as a response to the serious threat to the survival of Venice , caused by regular flooding. In 1991 it merged with the Internationales Burgen Institut (the International Castles Institute), itself created in 1949. Cecilia Bartoli

1638-492: The Maastricht Treaty. The Maastricht Treaty dispositions on the status of European citizenship (having direct effect, i.e. directly conferring the status of European citizen to all member states nationals) were not immediately applied by the Court, which continued following the previous interpretative approach and employed European citizenship as a supplementary argument in order to confirm and consolidate precedent law. It

1701-569: The Maastricht treaty concluded between the member states of the European community under international law, this changed into citizenship of the European Union in 2007 when the European Community changed its legal identity to be the European Union. Many more people became EU citizens when each new EU member state was added and, at each point, all the existing member states ratified the adjustments to

1764-531: The Treaty of Paris establishing the European Coal and Steel Community, which entered into force in 1952." The Treaty of Paris introduced freedom of movement for the professionals in the coal and steel industry which may be considered the nascent form of free movement that developed into EU citizenship four decades later. The citizenship of the European Union was first introduced by the Maastricht Treaty , and

1827-504: The UK (e.g. they had lived in the UK for five years, were born in the UK, or had parents or grandparents born in the UK) and had no EU voting rights. (see Guernsey passport , Isle of Man passport , Jersey passport ). Another example are the residents of Faroe Islands of Denmark who, though in possession of full Danish citizenship, are outside the EU and are explicitly excluded from EU citizenship under

1890-571: The Union shall have the right to move and reside freely within the territory of the Member States, subject to the limitations and conditions laid down in this Treaty and by the measures adopted to give it effect. The European Court of Justice has remarked that, EU Citizenship is destined to be the fundamental status of nationals of the Member States The ECJ has held that this Article confers

1953-462: The Union. Citizenship of the Union shall be additional to and not replace national citizenship." While nationals of Member States are citizens of the union, "It is for each Member State, having due regard to Union law, to lay down the conditions for the acquisition and loss of nationality." As a result, there is a great variety in rules and practices with regard to the acquisition and loss of citizenship in EU member states. In practice this means that

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2016-504: The birth of children, the right to reside with a non-spousal partner, the payment of funeral expenses. As later stated in Levin, the Court found that the "freedom to take up employment was important, not just as a means towards the creation of a single market for the benefit of the member state economies, but as a right for the worker to raise her or his standard of living". Under the ECJ case-law,

2079-474: The cases Van Gend en Loos and Costa/ENEL , which established (a) the principle of direct effect of EEC law, and (b) the supremacy of European law over national law, including the constitutional one. In particular, the 1957 Rome Treaty provisions were interpreted by the European Court of Justice not as having a narrow economic purpose, but rather a wider social and economic one. The rights associated with

2142-536: The citizens of European Economic Area countries and Switzerland. However, with the creation of EU citizenship, certain political rights came into being. The adoption of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union (CFR) enshrined specific political, social, and economic rights for EU citizens and residents. Title Five of the CFR focuses specifically on the rights of EU Citizens. Protected rights of EU citizens include

2205-539: The condition of having health insurance and "sufficient resources" in order not to become an "unreasonable burden" for the social assistance system of the host Member State, which otherwise can legitimately expel them. The rights of EU Citizens are enumerated in the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union and the Charter of Fundamental Rights. Historically, the main benefit of being a citizen of an EU state has been that of free movement. The free movement also applies to

2268-469: The first years of the EEC, when workers' rights in the host state were progressively extended to their family members even beyond the status of "worker", so as to promote the full social integration of the workers and their families in the host member state. When Regulation 1612/68 abolished movement and residence restrictions for member state workers and their families in the entire EEC territory, thus ending

2331-498: The following: The Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union provides for citizens to be "directly represented at Union level in the European Parliament " and "to participate in the democratic life of the Union" ( Treaty on the European Union , Title II, Article 10). Specifically, the following rights are afforded: Article 21 (1) of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union states that Every citizen of

2394-521: The foreign country in which they require protection or other types of assistance. EU citizens have the right to address the European Parliament , the European Ombudsman and EU agencies directly, in any of the EU Treaty languages , provided the issue raised is within that institution's competence. EU citizens have the legal protections of EU law, including the Charter of Fundamental Rights of

2457-421: The free movement of workers and services. However, we can find traces of an emerging European personal status in the legal framework regulating the rights and obligations of foreign residents in Europe well before a formal status of European citizenship was introduced. In particular through the interplay between secondary European legislation and the case-law of the European Court of Justice. This formed an embryo of

2520-468: The future European Citizenship, and came to be defined by the practice of freedom of movement of workers within the newly established European Economic Community. The rights of an "embryonic" European citizenship have been developed by the European Court of Justice well before the formal institution of European citizenship by the Maastricht Treaty. This could happen after the two landmark decisions in

2583-520: The hall's location partially underground. Diplomatstaden and the American embassy are located next to the Berwald Hall. 59°20′00″N 18°06′02″E  /  59.33333°N 18.10056°E  / 59.33333; 18.10056 Europa Nostra Europa Nostra ( Latin for "Our Europe") is a pan-European Federation for Cultural Heritage , representing citizens' organisations that work on safeguarding Europe's cultural and natural heritage . It

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2646-911: The maximum is nine years. Following the 2004 enlargement , three "old" member states—Ireland, Sweden and the United Kingdom—decided to allow unrestricted access to their labour markets. By December 2009, all but two member states— Austria and Germany—had completely dropped controls. These restrictions too expired on 1 May 2011. Following the 2007 enlargement , all pre-2004 member states except Finland and Sweden imposed restrictions on Bulgarian and Romanian citizens, as did two member states that joined in 2004: Malta and Hungary . As of November 2012, all but 8 EU countries have dropped restrictions entirely. These restrictions too expired on 1 January 2014. Norway opened its labour market in June 2012, while Switzerland kept restrictions in place until 2016. Following

2709-487: The millennia of European history and Europe's common cultural heritage. "The introduction of a European form of citizenship with precisely defined rights and duties was considered as long ago as the 1960s", but the roots of "the key rights of EU citizenship—primarily the right to live and the right to work anywhere within the territory of the Member States—can be traced back to the free movement provisions contained in

2772-417: The mission of Europa Nostra. Europa Nostra's main goal is to place heritage and its benefits in the mainstream of public consciousness and to make heritage a higher priority for public policy both at European and national levels. Its specific objectives are to promote, at a European level, high standards of quality in the fields of heritage conservation , architecture, urban and rural planning and to advocate

2835-475: The name "Heritage in Motion" ISSN   1871-417X . This magazine contains articles related to cultural heritage actors and initiatives in the country or the city which hosts the annual congress of Europa Nostra. Its previous name was "European Cultural Heritage Review" ISSN   1871-417X . Europa Nostra's Scientific Council has also published a total of 64 volumes of its "Scientific Bulletin". Europa Nostra

2898-627: The need to take cultural heritage into consideration when formulating and implementing all European and national policies which have an impact – direct or indirect – on heritage. Europa Nostra also seeks to highlight the importance and the specific character of cultural heritage within the wider cultural and policy agenda of its international partners, the European Union , Council of Europe , and UNESCO . During its European Heritage Congress held in Amsterdam (June 2011), Europa Nostra and 27 other European and international networks and organisations active in

2961-443: The other hand, and the following is not meant to diminish this first fact, the inclusion of a certain group results in the differentiation of others. Only through active differentiation and demarcation, i.e. exclusion, an identity with formal criteria can be created. Due to the history of the EU and its mentioned development, the progress of including and excluding is inevitably full of tensions. Many dynamics in citizenship grounded in

3024-533: The preservation and rescue of Europe's heritage which is in danger. In January 2013, with the European Investment Bank Group , represented by the EIB Institute, it launched the 7 Most Endangered Programme , aiming to identify endangered monuments and sites in Europe and to mobilize public and private partners at the local, national, and European levels, to find a future for those sites, working as

3087-688: The restoration of buildings and their adaptation to new uses, to urban and rural landscape rehabilitation, archaeological site interpretations, and care for art collections. Moreover, it highlights research, dedicated service to heritage conservation by individuals or organisations, and education projects related to cultural heritage. The awards are supported by the Creative Europe programme. It has been organised by Europa Nostra since 2002. This awards scheme aims to promote high standards and high-quality skills in conservation practice and to stimulate trans-frontier exchange in heritage protection. By spreading

3150-442: The right to vote and run as a candidate in certain (often local) elections in the member state where they live that is not their state of origin, while also voting for EU elections and participating in a European Citizens' Initiative (ECI). Citizenship of the EU confers the right to consular protection by embassies of other EU member states when an individual's country of citizenship is not represented by an embassy or consulate in

3213-688: The right to vote in European Parliament elections. In contrast, British citizens in the Crown Dependencies of Jersey , Guernsey and the Isle of Man had always been considered to be EU citizens but, unlike residents of the British overseas territories , were prohibited from exercising EU free movement rights under the terms of the British Accession Treaty if they had no other connection with

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3276-519: The rights of free movement of workers applies regardless of the worker's purpose in taking up employment abroad, to both part-time and full-time work, and whether or not the worker required additional financial assistance from the member state into which he moves. Before the institution of the European citizenship the ECJ interpreted the status of "worker" it beyond its purely literal meaning, progressively extending it to subjects such as non-economically active family members, students, tourists. This led

3339-489: The same hall. Plans began in the 1970s. The hall was originally supposed be located at the end of the Karlavägen esplanade but was moved further along the water. The site was selected to allow the hall to merge with nature and was positioned in the rock so it would not look too large. The interior hexagonal shape was partly for acoustic reasons, but the hall had to be acoustically adjusted several times subsequently. Gaps between

3402-498: The tension between the formal law part and the non-/beyond-law surrounding; such as the enlargement of freedom and rights to every kind of explicitly or implicitly economically active persons. Homeless and poor people do not enjoy these freedoms, because of a lack of economic action. The situation is the same when the home state says someone might no longer enjoy these rights. Economically inactive EU citizens who want to stay longer than three months in another Member State have to fulfill

3465-516: The terms of the Danish Accession Treaty. This is in contrast to residents of the Danish territory of Greenland who, whilst also outside the EU as a result of the 1984 Greenland Treaty , do receive EU citizenship as this was not specifically excluded by the terms of that treaty (see Faroe Islands and the European Union ; Greenland and the European Union ). Although Greenland withdrew from

3528-472: The transitional period established by article 49 of the Rome Treaty, not only this created the conditions for a full exercise of free movement rights, but a number of important new rights were subsequently recognized by the ECJ, such as: the right to a minimum wage in the host state, the reduction of fares on public transport for large families, the right to a check for disabled adults, interest-free loans for

3591-405: The treaties to allow the creation of those extra citizenship rights for the individual. European citizenship is also generally granted at the same time as national citizenship is granted). Article 20 (1) of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union states that: "Citizenship of the Union is hereby established. Every person holding the nationality of a Member State shall be a citizen of

3654-405: The whole of Europe. It also holds smaller-scale national, regional and local meetings and debates with heritage NGOs in different parts of Europe. In addition to this, Europa Nostra's Scientific Council organises an annual Colloquium to promote and coordinate the scientific study of ancient structures and fortified buildings in Europe. Europa Nostra publishes an annual magazine restyled in 2010 with

3717-630: The wider field of cultural heritage decided to set up the European Heritage Alliance 3.3 . In March 2010, Europa Nostra opened a liaison office in Brussels , whose task is to coordinate Europa Nostra's lobbying of EU institutions and other European and international bodies based in Brussels, Strasbourg and Paris. The European Union Prize for Cultural Heritage/Europa Nostra Awards reward excellence in cultural heritage conservation , ranging from

3780-580: The wood panels were adjusted to control the reverberation time. The inaugural concert was on 30 November 1979. Herbert Blomstedt conducted the Swedish Radio Symphony Orchestra and Choir in Franz Berwald's Sinfonie singulière, a commission from Sven-Erik Bäck - the cantata 'Vid havets yttersta gräns' (words by Östen Sjöstrand ), and the Symphonie fantastique by Berlioz . Since 1979,

3843-470: Was extended by the Treaty of Amsterdam . Prior to the 1992 Maastricht Treaty, the European Communities treaties provided guarantees for the free movement of economically active People, but not, generally, for others. The 1951 Treaty of Paris establishing the European Coal and Steel Community established a right to free movement for workers in these industries and the 1957 Treaty of Rome provided for

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3906-553: Was formally created with the adoption of the 1992 Maastricht Treaty , at the same time as the creation of the EU. EU citizenship is additional to, as it does not replace, national citizenship. It affords EU citizens with rights, freedoms and legal protections available under EU law . EU citizens have freedom of movement , and the freedom of settlement and employment across the EU . They are free to trade and transport goods, services and capital through EU state borders, with no restrictions on capital movements or fees. EU citizens have

3969-470: Was only a few years after the entry into force of the Treaty of Maastricht that the Court finally decided to abandon this approach and to recognize the status of European citizen in order to decide the controversies. Two landmark decisions in this sense are Martinez Sala , and Grelczyk . On the one hand, citizenship has an inclusive character, as it allows its holders freedoms and encourages and enables active participation and active use of these rights. On

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