Misplaced Pages

#328671

25-1434: Berl is a given name and surname. Given name [ edit ] Berl Broder (1817–1868), Ukrainian Jewish singer Berl Huffman (1907–1990), American multi-sport coach Berl Katznelson (1887–1944), founder of Labor Zionism Berl Kutchinsky (1935–1995), Danish Professor of Criminology Berl Locker (1887–1972), Zionist activist and Israeli politician Berl Priebe (1918–2014), American farmer and politician Berl Repetur (1902–1989), Zionist activist and Israeli politician Berl Senofsky (1926−2002), American classical violinist and teacher Surname [ edit ] Emmanuel Berl (1892–1976), French journalist, historian and essayist Christine Berl (born 1943), American composer, pianist, and Egyptian-style Oriental dancer See also [ edit ] All pages with titles containing Berl Beit Berl , settlement in Israel Berl. , taxonomic author abbreviation for Augusto Napoleone Berlese (1864–1903), Italian botanist and mycologist A. Berl. , taxonomic author abbreviation for Antonio Berlese (1863–1927), Italian entomologist Berel Berle (surname) Burl (disambiguation) Lucy Burle (born 1955), Brazilian international freestyle and butterfly swimmer [REDACTED] Name list This page or section lists people that share

50-513: A tank battle was fought nearby between the German Panzer Group 1 and five Soviet mechanized corps with heavy losses on both sides. From 1941 to 1944 it was occupied by Germany. The local Jews were murdered in the Holocaust (see below). During July–August 1944, Brody and nearby areas saw the battles of the strategically important Lvov-Sandomierz Operation (a.k.a. Brodovkiy Kotel ) where

75-581: A ghetto inside the town, where 6,000 people lived in January 1943. During 1943, Aktion Reinhardt was continued with thousands being killed in the nearby woods in March and April, the Ghetto being liquidated on 21 May 1943. More than 3,000 inhabitants were deported, presumably to Majdanek , but hundreds had already been killed in the Ghetto. Many houses were set on fire to drive out those who had remained hidden there. During

100-400: A precursor to Yiddish theater . His childhood was taken up with religious studies at home, until his father's death when he was 16. A handsome, bright young man with a good voice, he taught himself the violin. He worked briefly as a brushmaker; his co-workers became his first audience, calling him "Berl der vertlzoger" - a man who always had a rhyme or a proverb. It was after he married, at

125-449: A settlement on the site of Brody is dated 1084 ( Instructions by Vladimir Monomach ). It is believed to have been destroyed by Batu Khan in 1241. From 1441 Brody was the property of different feudal families ( Jan Sieniński ; from 1511, Kamieniecki). Brody was granted Magdeburg town rights by Polish King Stephen Báthory by virtue of a privilege issued in Lublin on 22 August 1584. It

150-585: The Alliance Israélite Universelle , the world's largest and most respected Jewish philanthropic agency, to bring order out of chaos, to cope with the huge influx of newcomers. Throughout centuries of Jewish life in Brody until the murderous events of the Holocaust , Jews and Gentiles lived a mostly segregated life, with distinct and separate social as well as religious life. When German troops occupied

175-569: The Cold War , Brody air base served Soviet Air Force regiments, while the city was noticeably militarized. Parts of the city to this day are being referred to as Bili Kazarmy (the White Barracks) and as Chervoni Kazarmy (the Red Barracks). The Brody Museum of History and District Ethnography was founded in 2001. Until 18 July 2020, Brody was the administrative center of Brody Raion . The raion

200-601: The Cossack uprising , the castle took eight weeks for Bohdan Khmelnytsky to capture. Notably, according to the book History of the Rus , the town's Jewish population was spared after the sack. The Cossacks destroyed and plundered the city. The Jews of Brody were found not to have been engaged in alleged maltreatment of the Orthodox Christian (Rus) population and were only required to pay a "moderate tribute" in kind. In 1704, Brody

225-714: The Kresowa Cavalry Brigade headquarters established there. In 1936, the People's University in Brody ( Uniwersytet Ludowy w Brodach ) was founded for farmers from the surrounding area. After the Soviet invasion of Poland , during World War II , in September 1939, Brody was occupied by the Red Army . The Soviets deported mainly Polish people deep into the USSR. Between 26 and 30 June 1941,

250-657: The Second Polish Republic , after Poland regained independence a year earlier. It was the site of a battle during the Polish-Soviet War of 1920 and heavy destruction by both Polish and Russian forces, and is described extensively in stories of the Red Cavalry by Isaac Babel . Administratively Brody was the seat of Brody County located in the Tarnopol Voivodeship . Brody was an important military base, with

275-549: The Soviet army successfully encircled and destroyed German forces. It was occupied by the Soviets again, and in 1945, it was taken from Poland and annexed to the USSR. Brody held the headquarters of German Field Marshal Gerd von Rundstedt . A crossroads and a Jewish trade center in the 19th century, the city is considered to be one of the shtetls . It was particularly famous for the Brodersänger or Broder singers , who were among

SECTION 10

#1732884489329

300-623: The Broder-singer troupe and left for Russia. His first book of poetry was published in 1860 in Pressburg , the second in Lemberg , and the third (1882) in Warsaw . He composed a tremendous number of songs and couplets which were never published, and would challenge his partners and competitors to rhyming duels, himself generally emerging the victor. After leaving Brody, he never settled in any one place; he

325-430: The age of 25, that his predilection towards writing and singing emerged. From some time in his late teens or early twenties, he headed on the road as an itinerant performer, along with two other singers, one of whom was also a tailor who made costumes for the troupe. It is believed that many of his songs were improvised on the spot; only thirty survive in written form. In 1857, when economic crisis hit Brody , he created

350-606: The city on 1 July 1941, the Jewish population of some 9,000 was forced to wear an arm band with the yellow badge . Two hundred fifty intellectuals were arrested on 15 July 1941 and shot two days later at the Jewish cemetery after being brutally tortured. Encouraged by German occupation authorities, the Ukrainian population started a pogrom in August 1941, looting Jewish possessions. The Judenrat had to provide labor for repairs and maintenance on

375-555: The city was captured by Poles without a fight. In 1812, Wincenty Potocki was forced by the Austrian government to remove the city's fortifications. In 1817 a secondary school ( Realschule ) was founded in Brody, transformed in 1865 into a gymnasium . After the liberalization of Austrian policies in the Austrian Partition of Poland, after 1904 German was gradually replaced by Polish at this school. In 1919, Brody became part of

400-724: The construction of the Brody Castle (1630–1635). The castle, or rather the fortress, was designed by the French military engineer Guillaume Le Vasseur de Beauplan . It was one of the strongest fortresses located on the route of frequent Tatar and Cossack invasions. King Władysław IV Vasa , wanting to reward and assist Koniecpolski in the construction of the fortress, issued a privilege in 1633 in Kraków , in which he equated fairs in Brody with those in Lublin and Toruń , granted staple right and exempted city residents from taxes for 15 years. Under

425-560: The first to publicly perform Yiddish songs outside of Purim plays and wedding parties. The promulgation of the May Laws , and the massive exodus of Russian Jews which was its result, took the leaders of Western Jewry completely by surprise. Throughout 1881, hundreds of immigrants kept arriving in Brody daily. Their arrival placed the existing Austrian and German-influenced ethnic Jews in a quandary. The comfortable middle-class Jewish community of Central and Western Europe looked instinctively to

450-529: The patronage of Koniecpolski, the city flourished. In 1637 he founded a school in which he employed lecturers from the Kraków Academy , Poland's leading university. Its first director was Jan Marcinkowski. In 1643 he founded a silk and wool fabric manufacture in the city, one of the leading manufactories of this type throughout Poland. Stanisław Koniecpolski died in Brody on 11 March 1646. On 30 June funeral ceremonies took place in Brody. In 1648, during

475-540: The roads and bridges as well as for work in army depots. From December 1941 young people were arrested on the streets and sent to forced labor camps in the vicinity. In September 1942 the Aktion Reinhardt started in Brody, leaving 300 people dead. Two thousand people were deported to Bełżec where they would be murdered in the gas chambers . In December 1942 the German occupiers forced the Jewish population to resettle in

500-524: The same given name or the same family name . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change that link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berl&oldid=1225376018 " Categories : Given names Surnames Hidden categories: Articles with short description Short description is different from Wikidata All set index articles Berl Broder Berl Broder (1817–1868), born Berl Margulis ,

525-527: Was a Ukrainian Jew born in Podkamen , the most famous of the Broder singers (19th century Jewish singers comparable to the troubadours or Minnesänger ) and reputed the first to be both a singer and an actor. His nickname is the origin of the term Broder singer . Thirty of his songs survive; of these, 24 are in the form of dialogues, usually between craftsmen such as tailors or shoemakers; his songs are seen as

SECTION 20

#1732884489329

550-570: Was a private town of the Polish Crown , owned by houses of Żółkiewski, Koniecpolski and Potocki . From the 17th century until the Holocaust the city was populated not only by Ruthenians and Poles , but also by a significant number of Jews (70% of the town's population), Armenians , and Greeks . From 1629, the city became the property of Stanisław Koniecpolski , another of the most distinguished military commanders in Polish history, who ordered

575-561: Was also known as a heavy drinker. He lived his last years in poverty. Zalmen Zylbercweig cites conflicting accounts of his last years: his son claimed he died in 1868 in Carlsbad, while a contemporary claimed he died in 1888 in Pliyeshtsh ( Ploieşti , Romania), a small town near Bucharest. Brody Brody is the junction of the Druzhba and Odesa–Brody oil pipelines . The first mention of

600-518: Was named Lubicz after the Lubicz coat of arms of the founder, Stanisław Żółkiewski , one of the most accomplished military commanders in Polish history (not to be confused with Lubech , Lubecz ). The king also set up three annual fairs . These privileges were confirmed by King Sigismund III Vasa in 1597 at the Warsaw Sejm . Already in documents from 1598 the city appeared under the name Brody. It

625-685: Was purchased by Potocki family . In 1734, the fortress was destroyed by Russian troops and was later replaced by Stanisław Szczęsny Potocki 's palace in the Baroque style. As a result of the First Partition of Poland , in 1772, Brody became a part of the Habsburg Empire (from 1804 the Austrian Empire ). During the Austro-Polish War (part of Polish national liberation fights), on 27 May 1809,

#328671