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51-670: It is located on the south-eastern slope of the Sierra de Gádor , 16 km north-east of Adra . Berja may have Phoenician or Iberian origins; it was known to the Romans as Vergis or Vergium , and it was part of the province of Baetica . There are Roman remains in the Villa Vieja: an amphitheater and an aqueduct , and mosaics whose style and production are similar to those found in Pompeii and Herculaneum . Saint Ctesiphon ( San Tesifón ),

102-456: A bishopric around 500, but that was suppressed circa 711, due to the Moorish conquest. No resident incumbents available. In 1969 the diocese was nominally restored as Titular bishopric named Vergi (Curiate Italian), Latin adjective Vergen(sis). It had the following incumbents, so far of the fitting Episcopal (lowest) rank: The city was known for its former lead mines. From the 16th century,

153-401: A bulletin 17 days later, the southernmost section of Berja's municipal area, which included Balanegra, was severed and Balanegra's new municipal administration was founded. The territorial transfer left Berja landlocked. Saint Ctesiphon ( San Tesifón ), patron saint of the town, is said to have preached in the area in the first century, bringing Christianity to Roman Vergi(um). It was made

204-531: A container port to take large-scale international shipping and thereby increase its freight traffic. It normally connects with the following destinations: By air, Almería is served by Almería Airport , the fourth largest in Andalusia. The winter timetable includes flights to Madrid , Barcelona , Melilla , London , and Seville, with international connections to Manchester , Birmingham , Brussels , Dublin and Swiss, German and other EU airports being added during

255-530: A haven for pirates and political dissidents. It sustained intense trading relations with Aragon and the African port of Honaine . Almería endured a brutal siege by Aragonese forces in 1309 that, while eventually unsuccessful, left the city battered. The city submitted to the sovereignty of the Catholic Monarchs on 22 December 1489. Relatively isolated and within the range of attacks from Barbary pirates ,

306-582: A part of its territory in the Alboran Sea, Alboran Island . The island has a small cemetery, a harbor, and a lighthouse, built in the 19th century. According to the Köppen climate classification , Almería has a transitional climate between hot semi-arid climate ( Köppen : BSh ) and a hot desert climate ( Köppen BWh ). Almería is the driest city in Europe and it is the only one with a hot desert climate, starting in

357-478: A precipitation amount of 156 mm (6.1 in), and an annual temperature of 19.1 °C (66.4 °F), while mountainous areas (such as the Tabernas Desert ) receive a precipitation amount of 220 mm (8.7 in) per year, and an average temperature of 17.9 °C (64.2 °F), so it would be classified as a cold desert climate ( BWk ) bordering a cold semi-arid climate ( BSk ). Inland areas of

408-459: A small desert, Almería has an exceptionally dry climate by European standards. The name "Almería" comes from the city's former Arabic name, Madīnat al-Mariyya , meaning "city of the watchtower". As the settlement was originally the port or coastal suburb of Pechina , it was initially known as Mariyyat al-Bajjāna ( Bajjāna being the Arabic name for Pechina). The origin of Almería is connected to

459-415: A team of geologists found a cave filled with giant gypsum crystals in an abandoned silver mine near Almería. The cavity, which measures 8 by 1.8 by 1.7 metres (26.2 ft × 5.9 ft × 5.6 ft), may be the largest geode ever found. The entrance of the cave was blocked by five tons of rocks, and was under police protection (to prevent looters from entering). According to geological models,

510-586: Is a city and municipality of Spain , located in Andalusia . It is the capital of the province of the same name . It lies in southeastern Iberia on the Mediterranean Sea . Caliph Abd al-Rahman III founded the city in 955. The city grew wealthy during the Islamic era, becoming a world city throughout the 11th and 12th centuries. It enjoyed an active port that traded silk , oil, and raisins. Being adjacent to

561-499: Is a mountain range in southwest of the province of Almería , Spain. It is bordered to the north by Sierra Nevada and to the south by the Mediterranean Sea . It is a isolated massif in an arid and semi-arid complex. It has a very uneven relief. The highest peaks are Morrón de la Lagunilla  [ es ] (2,247 m), Pico Colorado (2,215 m), Pico de las Cabras (2,000 m), Nuevo Mundo (2,215 m), el Pecho Cuchillo (1,955 m) and Dos Hermanas (1,996 m). Its average height decrease to

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612-466: Is not known exactly when it will re-open. Passengers currently start their journey by being bussed a few kilometres to Huercal de Almería station. By sea, the port of Almería has connections to Melilla , Algeria , Morocco , and tourist cruises in the Mediterranean. It also has a marina with moorings for pleasure boats. Currently the port of Almería is being expanded with new docks and transformed into

663-527: Is one of the sunniest cities in Europe. Almería is the only city in Continental Europe that has never registered any temperature below freezing in its recorded weather history. The coldest temperature recorded was 0.1 °C (32.2 °F) at the airport in January 2005. Before that, the previous record was 0.2 °C (32.4 °F) on 9 February 1935. Settled snow is unknown since 1935, although during

714-506: Is produced, and inequality is reduced. Concretely, Almería is made up of 12,500 farms with an extension of 2,5 hectares and a 30% of familiar labour. It is also important the high education levels of the farmers, who shows an innovative and receptive character when it comes to continuing learning: 81,2% have some type of official academic training. At the same time, a commercial system based on social economy enterprises has been developed, e.g. as cooperative societies. These companies represent

765-511: Is the case for most of coastal Iberia, heatwaves in Almería are much less common than in the interior because of its coastal location; The hottest temperature recorded was 42.0 °C (107.6 °F) in August 2022. The highest minimum temperature ever recorded was 33.2 °C (91.8 °F) on 31 July 2001, which is also the highest ever recorded in peninsular Spain and Iberian Peninsula . In 2000,

816-421: Is well-documented widespread exploitation of workers from North Africa who work and live in terrible conditions, earning much lower than the minimum wage. From a social point of view, Almería and Granada are an example of family-owned and smallholder agriculture, with small farms and little concentration of land. This social nature generates high equity in the level of income and welfare, that is, social cohesion

867-627: The Cabo de Gata-Níjar Natural Park . This park is of volcanic origin, and is the largest and most ecologically significant marine-terrestrial space in the European Western Mediterranean Sea . The Cabo de Gata-Níjar Natural Park runs through the municipal areas of Níjar , Almerimar and Carboneras . Its villages, previously dedicated to fishing , have become tourism spots. The beaches of Cabo de Gata-Níjar Natural Park are also an attraction. Almería has one islet that it administers as

918-603: The Spanish A-92 that unites it with the rest of Andalusia. Almería railway station is served by Renfe Operadora with direct rail services to Granada , and Madrid Atocha using a branch off the Alcázar de San Juan–Cádiz railway ; the Linares Baeza–Almería railway . In the future, high-speed rail AVE services will link Almería to Madrid via Murcia . The central railway station has been closed for several months and it

969-526: The patron saint of the town, is said to have preached in the area in the first century, bringing Christianity to the town. From this era are conserved coins, crosses and a sarcophagus found in the neighborhood of Alcaudique, which is now in the National Archaeological Museum ( Museo Arqueológico Nacional ). A reproduction exists in the Museum of Almería . The site suffered an earthquake in

1020-454: The 20th century, light flurries (without settling) occurred on few occasions. The most important settled snowfall event occurred in 1926 and the snow arrived even at the coastline of the city. The last event with settled snowfall happened on 9 February 1935. During the winter, daily maximum temperatures tend to stay around 17–18 °C (63–64 °F). At night, the minimum temperature is usually around 8–10 °C (46–50 °F). This makes

1071-482: The 62% of production and sales.  They assure the access to the market in optimal conditions, because they increase its position inside the agri-food supply chain, facilitate financing, technical advice, and incorporation of technology. Moreover, local ties increase environmental sustainability. By land, Almería can be reached by the A-7 Mediterranean Highway , which connects the Mediterranean area with

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1122-463: The 9th-century establishment of the so-called Republic of Pechina (Bajjana) some kilometres to the north, which was for a time autonomous from the Cordobese central authority : the settlement of current-day Almería initially developed as a humble trading port of Pechina known as Al-Mariyya Bajjana. Pechina and its maritime port experienced divergent fortunes, and while the former progressively depopulated,

1173-449: The Almería province are believed to have reached temperatures above 45 °C (113 °F) in summer. Though temperatures above 40 °C (104 °F) are very rare in the city of Almería. During the summer, the skies are usually sunny and almost no rainfall occurs. The typical daily temperatures are around 30 °C (86 °F) during the day while the minimum temperatures stay around 22 °C (72 °F) during July and August. As

1224-642: The Common Agricultural Policy: 1.9% of total income. This figure is much lower than that received by other sectors such as olive groves (33%) or cereals (53%). The production of this area is based on a fair competition with officially a just remuneration of employees, with similar salaries than the ones in the same sector in Europe: 8% higher than Italy and 11% than Belgium. This avoids the social dumping exerted by non-EU countries, like Morocco, with salaries up to 90% lower than those of Almería. However, there

1275-440: The administrative area of Las Alpujarras , within the old kingdom of Granada . On August 25, 1804, another earthquake destroyed much of the town. Under the regency of Maria Christina of Austria , Javier de Burgos used his influence to turn Spain's antiquated administrative system into a provincial one , advocating the need for a centralized government . In 1833, Las Alpujarras was divided into two zones: one remained part of

1326-541: The band's third album, If I Should Fall from Grace with God . In 1989, English electronic band Depeche Mode filmed the video for their song " Personal Jesus " in Almería. Tourism increased and hotels were all occupied from January to February during the filming of the sixth season of the TV series Game of Thrones . Almería hosted the Mediterranean Games in 2005. The city has two football teams: UD Almería , which

1377-653: The bulk of the remaining Muslim-controlled territories in the Iberian Peninsula passed to the control of rival ruler Ibn al-Aḥmar (sultan since 1232), who had set the capital of his emirate in Granada by 1238, constituting the Emirate of Granada , to which Almería belonged from then on. While relatively languishing throughout the Nasrid period, Almería still remained a key strategic port of the emirate together with Málaga , as well as

1428-523: The city began production of a wine whose cultivation was commercialized in the 19th century under the brand name Salobra. The city's solar plant opened on December 12, 2007 on the peak of the mountain Montivel. Berja has one of the sunniest, warmest and driest climates in Mediterranean Europe. It's located in a semi-arid climate zone. Sierra de G%C3%A1dor Sierra de Gádor of Sierra Gador

1479-650: The city did not return to its previous splendor, although the port remained trading with the Crown of Aragon and the Italian republics. Following the rebellion against Almohad rule heralded by the likes of the Banu Hud and the Banu Mardanis, Almería submitted to the authority of Ibn Hud , who had raised the black banner and pledged nominal allegiance to Abbasid authorities by 1228. After Ibn Hud's assassination in Almería in 1238,

1530-446: The city of Almería one of the warmest in winter in Spain . The city only receives yearly precipitation of just 200 mm (7.9 in) and 26 days of precipitation annually; so while no month could be described as truly wet, there are strong seasonal differences in terms of precipitation and temperature, with coastal parts of the city (such as the Cabo de Gata-Níjar Natural Park ) receiving

1581-547: The coastline around Almería to Torrevieja , in the northeast. The nearby Faro del Cabo in the Cabo de Gata-Níjar Natural Park , has the lowest annual precipitation on the European continent (156 millimetres (6.1 in)) in the period 1961-1990 and around 140 millimetres (5.5 in) since 2010. Almería enjoys about 3,000 hours of sunshine with over 320 sunny days per year on average (6 hours of sunshine in January and 12 in July) so it

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1632-399: The composer José Padilla Sánchez, whose music was declared of "universal interest" by Unesco in 1989, the popular folk singer Manolo Escobar , renowned Flamenco guitar player José Tomás "Tomatito" and Grammy Award winner David Bisbal ; the champion motorcyclist Antonio Maeso moved to Almería as a child. The Irish folk-rock group The Pogues paid tribute to Almería in "Fiesta", a song on

1683-666: The early 18th century. At that time, huge iron mines were discovered and French and British companies set up business in the area, bringing renewed prosperity and returning Almería to a position of relative importance within Spain. During the Spanish Civil War the city was shelled by the German Navy , with news reaching the London and Parisian press about the "criminal bombardment of Almería by German planes". Almería surrendered in 1939, being

1734-695: The east, with peaks Molinero (1,499 m), Piorno (1,444 m) and Pozuelo (1,263 m). The eastern part is also known as Sierra de Enix  [ es ] , named after the city of Enix , the only major populated place in the area. This part may be geologically divided into two distinct areas: a valley made up of sedimentary materials and the hilly area with elevations up to 1,000 m covered mostly by bushes and grasslands. 36°54′N 2°47′W  /  36.900°N 2.783°W  / 36.900; -2.783 Almer%C3%ADa Almería ( UK : / ˌ æ l m ə ˈ r iː ə / , US also / ˌ ɑː l -/ , Spanish: [almeˈɾi.a] )

1785-505: The emirs of Granada and Valencia, Almería experienced many sieges, including one especially fierce siege when Christians, called to the Second Crusade by Pope Eugene III , were also encouraged to counter the Muslim forces on a more familiar coast. On that occasion Alfonso VII , starting on 11 July 1147, at the head of mixed armies of Catalans, Genoese, Pisans and Franks, led a crusade against

1836-679: The fifth century, and the Roman town subsequently dissolved into various smaller communities, one of which –Berja- became the dominant one. After the Moorish invasion of Iberia in the eighth century, the town was known as Berja , and a fortress was built in the town. Remains of Moorish baths can still be seen in the neighborhood of Benejí. It was occupied by Christian forces in 1489 during the Reconquista . The Morisco Revolt in 1568 led to many deaths in Berja, which

1887-454: The hitherto mercantile city entered modernity by undergoing a process of heavy ruralization that imperiled its very same continued existence as a city. Historically, there was a Jewish community in Almería dating to the 10th century, where members of the community mostly engaged in maritime trade. When the Jews were expelled in 1492, many living in Almería fled to North Africa. The 16th century

1938-403: The last Andalusian main city to fall to Francoist forces. In the second half of the 20th century, Almería witnessed spectacular economic growth due to tourism and intensive agriculture, with crops grown year-round in massive invernaderos – plastic-covered "greenhouses" – for intensive vegetable production. After Franco's death and popular approval of the new Spanish Constitution,

1989-453: The latter became the base of the Caliphal navy after 933, during the rule of Abd-ar-Rahman III . Furthermore, in 955, Abd-ar-Rahman III decided to erect the walls . A silk industry consisting of hundreds of looms and feeding itself from the mulberry trees planted in the region, fostered Almería's economy. Almería also became an important slave trade hub during the caliphal period. In

2040-499: The people of southern Spain were called on to approve an autonomous status for Andalusia region in a referendum. The referendum were approved with 118,186 votes for and 11,092 votes against in Almería province, which represented 42% of all registered voters. Famous natives of Almería include Nicolás Salmerón y Alonso , who in 1873 was the third president of the First Spanish Republic , as well as several musicians, including

2091-412: The profitability and quality of the crops and the competitiveness of the markets. Moreover, Almería's economy has an important exporting function: 75% of production was sold abroad in 2018, with a value of 2.400 million euros. This development is explained by familiar investment, as subsidies have been limited or non-existent. In this sense, the horticultural sector receives the least European aids from

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2142-462: The province of Granada, Berja fell within the other which was part of the province of Almería . Exploitation of the lead mines in Berja began in the 19th century, and the city consequently flourished during this time. Once lying within Berja's limits was a "local autonomous entity", the community of Balanegra ; however, by official decree from the Government of Andalusia on 2 June 2015, published in

2193-582: The rich city, and Almería was captured on 17 October 1147, marking the breakup of the city's period of splendor in the Middle Ages. Within a decade, in 1157, Almería had passed to the control of Muslim Almohad rulers. Almería soon passed by the temporary overarching control of rebel Murcian emir Ibn Mardanish (1165–1169), hindering the early efforts of recovery in the city, that under the decade of Christian occupation reportedly had been left depopulated and, by and large, quite destroyed. During Almohad rule,

2244-471: The south-eastern outskirts of the city (still inside the municipality of Almería) until the Cabo de Gata-Níjar Natural Park located east of the city. The BWh climate is present in the city of Almería, in nearby areas of Almería province (such as the Cabo de Gata-Níjar Natural Park , the Andarax / Almanzora river valleys), the only region in Europe to have this climate. This arid climatic region spreads along

2295-546: The summer. Due to its arid landscape, numerous Spaghetti Westerns were filmed in Almería and some of the sets still remain as a tourist attraction. These sets are located in the desert of Tabernas . The town and region were also used by David Lean in Lawrence of Arabia (1962), John Milius in The Wind and the Lion (1975) and others. One of Almería's most famous natural spots is

2346-583: The supply industry of the sector, represent almost 40% of Almería's GDP. Directly, agricultural production accounts for 18.2% of the provincial GDP. In Andalusia, the average contribution is 6.6% and in Spain it is only 2.9%. This situation is the result of a great dynamic model, which can continually incorporate new technologies: using soil sanding, plastic covers, drip irrigation systems, hybrid seeds, soil-less cultivation, irrigation programs, new greenhouse structures, and so on. They all allowed to improve production and increase commercialisation calendars, assuring

2397-578: The trade networks of the Almoravid empire . Building upon the previous development during the caliphal period, Almería reached a degree of historical relevance unmatched in the rest of its history throughout the 11th and 12th centuries, becoming the third-largest city of Al-Andalus . Almería imported indigo dye and wool from the Maghreb and linen from Egypt, while it exported copper to Fez and Tlemcen as well as its highly sought textiles. Contested by

2448-595: The wake of the collapse of the Caliphate of Córdoba in the early 11th century, Almería detached from Cordobese authority towards 1014 and became ruled as an independent taifa under Slavic kinglets . It submitted to the Taifa of Valencia in 1038, yet it soon became independent as a new taifa, ruled by the Arab Banu Sumadih until 1091, when it fell to Almoravid control. This allowed the city's economy to insert itself into

2499-519: Was for Almería a century of natural and human catastrophes; for there were at least four earthquakes , of which the one in 1522 was especially violent, devastating the city. The people who had remained Muslim were expelled from Almería after the War of Las Alpujarras in 1568 and scattered across the Crown of Castile. Landings and attacks by Barbary pirates were also frequent in the 16th century, and continued until

2550-547: Was nearly depopulated after the end of the uprising. In the autumn of 1588 two hermits arrived in Berja named Domingo de San Juan and Juan de Santa María, who founded in the depopulated area of Pixnela the sanctuary dedicated to a patroness of Berja: the Virgen de Gádor (Virgin of Gádor , also in Almeria province). Berja would be administered from Ugíjar until October 29, 1753, when it was allowed to have its own mayor, forming part of

2601-499: Was promoted to La Liga , the top tier of Spanish football, in 2022, and CP Almería , which plays in the División de Honor , the sixth tier. The Plaza de toros de Almería is the main bullring in Almería. It has a capacity of 10,000 and it opened in 1882. Intensive agriculture has been the most important economic sector of Almería for the last 50 years. Nowadays, greenhouse's production, handling and commercialisation of vegetables, and

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