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55-625: Berisso was founded by Albanian immigrants , and settled by Albanians and other European immigrants. The founder of the city, Juan Berisso ( Albanian : Gjon Berisha) , was an arbëresh - albanian immigrant from Italy and he named the city after him, Berisha . The name changed into Berisso for a better pronunciation. Most Berissenses (name referring to the people of Berisso) are of Albanian , Ukrainian , or Polish descent, but include those of Spanish , German , Portuguese , Italian , Arab , Bulgarian , Croatian , Armenian , Slovak , Irish , Lithuanian , Jewish and Greek descent. Because it

110-468: A Law of Residence ( Ley de Residencia ) was passed, mandating the expulsion of foreigners who "compromise national security or disturb public order", and, in 1910, a Law of Social Defence ( Ley de Defensa Social ) explicitly named ideologies deemed to have such effects. These laws were a reaction by the ruling elite against imported ideas such as labor unionism , anarchism and other forms of popular organisation. The modern National Directorate for Migration

165-406: A height of 1,300 m (4,265 ft) and 500 m (1,640 ft), respectively. The climate is temperate, with precipitation of 600 to 1,200 mm (23.6 to 47.2 in) that is more or less evenly distributed throughout the year, making the soils appropriate for agriculture . The area is also one of the distinct physiography provinces of the larger Paraná – Paraguay plain division. It

220-793: A major destination for migrants within Latin America and the Caribbean. However, since the start of the Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022, in light of the international sanctions on Russian passports, Russian couples and pregnant Russian women have started to emigrate to Argentina in hopes of acquiring an Argentine passport in order to continue their journey onto Europe , or to permanently establish themselves in Argentina with their children. As of July 2023, more than 18,500 Russians have come to Argentina after Russia invaded Ukraine. Argentina does not require

275-569: A plausible total figure of 750,000 undocumented immigrants currently residing in Argentina. From 2004 onwards, after Immigration Law 25871 was sanctioned, which makes the State responsible for guaranteeing access to health and education for immigrants, many foreigners have chosen Buenos Aires as their destination to work or study. Between 2006–2008 and 2012–2013 a relatively large group of Senegal nationals (4500 in total) have immigrated to Argentina, 90 percent of which have refugee status. In April 2006,

330-412: A scandal and a wave of indignation caused by fire in a Buenos Aires sweatshop, which revealed the widespread utilization of undocumented Bolivian immigrants as cheap labor force in inhumane conditions, under a regime of virtual debt slavery . As of 2020, Argentina counted with a positive net migration rate (one of the only three such countries in the region, alongside Chile and Costa Rica ) and remains

385-458: A visa for Russian citizens to enter the country as tourists and it also allows the parents of children born on Argentinian soil to receive residency, and, later, a passport. This opportunity has led to approximately 10,500 Russians travelling to Argentina to give birth in 2022. Immigrants by continent in 2022 Pampa The Pampas (from the Quechua : pampa , meaning "plain"), also known as

440-581: Is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Immigration in Argentina The history of immigration to Argentina can be divided into several major stages: The Spanish migration flows which conquered and colonised the area that is now Argentina were mainly three: The Spanish conquistadores and settlers were mainly from Biscay , as well from Galicia and Portugal , founding cities and establishing estancias for supplies of agricultural and livestock products. The scale of operations

495-794: Is considered that the limit of the Pampas plain is to the north with the Atlantic Forest and the Great Chaco Plain , to the west with the Pampas Mountains and the Cuyo Region , and to the south with Patagonia . This region has generally low elevations, whose highest levels generally do not exceed 600 metres (2,000 ft) in altitude. The coastal areas and most of the Buenos Aires Province are predominantly plain (with some wetlands ) and

550-589: Is home to many ethnicities, Berisso is known as "The Provincial Capital of the Immigrant." Berisso's diversity is celebrated on September with their own "Immigrant's Festival." Municipal information : Municipal Affairs Federal Institute (IFAM), Municipal Affairs Secretariat, Ministry of Interior, Argentina. (in Spanish) population number This article about a place in Buenos Aires Province , Argentina

605-466: Is the most typical landscape of the countryside areas in the northern parts of the Pampas. The highest elevations of the Pampas region are found in the Sierra de la Ventana mountains , in the southern part of Buenos Aires Province, with 1,239 metres (4,065 ft) at the summit of Cerro Tres Picos . The climate of the Pampas is generally temperate, gradually giving way to a more humid subtropical climate in

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660-480: Is warmer than fall in most areas (especially in the west) but significantly colder along the Atlantic. Violent storms are more common as well as wide temperature variations: days of 35 °C (95 °F) can give way to nights of under 5 °C (41 °F) or even frost, all within only a few days. Precipitation ranges from 1,400 millimetres (55 in) in the northeast to about 400 millimetres (16 in) or less in

715-645: The Guanaco have been extirpated completely from this habitat. Mammals that are still fairly present include Brazilian guinea pig , southern mountain cavy , coypu , Pampas fox , Geoffroy's cat , lesser grison , white-eared opossum , Molina's hog-nosed skunk , big lutrine opossum , big hairy armadillo and southern long-nosed armadillo . Bird species of the pampas are ruddy-headed goose , pampas meadowlark , hudsonian godwit , maguari stork , white-faced ibis , white-winged coot , southern screamer , dot-winged crake , curve-billed reedhaunter , burrowing owl and

770-578: The Pampas Plain , are fertile South American low grasslands that cover more than 1,200,000 square kilometres (460,000 sq mi) and include the Argentine provinces of Buenos Aires , La Pampa , Santa Fe , Entre Ríos , and Córdoba ; all of Uruguay ; and Brazil 's southernmost state , Rio Grande do Sul . The vast plains are a natural region , interrupted only by the low Ventana and Tandil hills, near Bahía Blanca and Tandil (Argentina), with

825-474: The Paraná River , and includes all of Uruguay, most of Entre Ríos and Corrientes provinces in Argentina, and the southern portion of Brazil's state of Rio Grande do Sul. The Humid Pampas include eastern Buenos Aires Province, and southern Entre Ríos Province. The Semiarid Pampas includes western Buenos Aires Province and adjacent portions of Santa Fe, Córdoba, and La Pampa provinces. The Pampas are bounded by

880-449: The 1840s but intensifying after the 1880s, European immigrants began to migrate to the Pampas, first as part of government-sponsored colonization schemes to settle the land and later as tenant farmers "working as either a sharecropper or as paid laborers for absentee landowners" in an attempt to make a living for themselves. However, many immigrants eventually moved to more permanent employment in cities, as industrialization picked up after

935-641: The Andes mountain chain, which was especially influenced by German settlements). The South African Boers Patagonia houses a unique community of South African Boers who settled there after the Second Boer War against the United Kingdom , which ended in 1902. Between 1903 and 1909, up to 800 Boer families trekked by ship to this lonely spot on Argentina's east coast, about 1500 km north of Tierra del Fuego. There are an estimated 100–120 Boer families still living on

990-814: The Mesopotamia region (especially Entre Ríos and Misiones provinces), many neighborhoods in Buenos Aires city (such as Belgrano or Palermo ), the Buenos Aires Province itself (strong German settlement in Coronel Suárez , Tornquist and other areas), Córdoba (the Oktoberfest celebration in Villa General Belgrano is specially famous) and all along the Patagonian region, including important cities such as San Carlos de Bariloche (an important tourist spot near

1045-469: The Pampas south and west of Buenos Aires . Much of the area is also used for cattle , and more recently, to cultivate vineyards in the Buenos Aires wine region . The area is also used for farming honey using European honeybees . These farming regions are particularly susceptible to flooding during thunderstorms. The weather averages out to be 16 °C (60 °F) year-round in the Pampas. Starting in

1100-496: The Pampas, but it is much more frequent in the southwest than around the Parana and Uruguay Rivers. Temperatures under −5 °C (23 °F) can occur everywhere, but values of −10 °C (14 °F) or lower are confined to the south and west. Snow almost never falls in the northernmost third and is rare and light elsewhere, except for exceptional events in which depths have reached 30 cm (12 in). Springs are very variable; it

1155-506: The Pampas: Human activity has caused major changes to the wildlife of the Pampas. Most big or medium-sized species such as puma , rhea , Capybara , plains viscacha , maned wolf , marsh deer and Pampas deer have lost their habitats especially due to the spread of agriculture and ranching , and are only present in very few relicts of the pampas. Other species, such as the Jaguar and

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1210-755: The Sierra de la Ventana mountains, Argentina). Summer temperatures are more uniform than winter temperatures, generally ranging from 28 to 33 °C (82 to 91 °F) during the day. However, most cities in the Pampas occasionally have high temperatures that push 38 °C (100 °F), as occurs when warm, dry, northerly winds blow from southern Brazil, northern Argentina or Paraguay . Autumn arrives gradually in March and peaks in April and May. In April, highs range from 20 to 25 °C (68 to 77 °F) and lows from 9 to 13 °C (48 to 55 °F). The first frosts arrive in mid-April in

1265-472: The United States. Millions of poor peasants from Galicia arriving in Argentina not only did little to alter this position but also immigrated to Argentina because of it, steering clear of the United States and Britain. Lunfardo , the jargon enshrined in tango lyrics, is laden with Italianisms, often also found in the mainstream colloquial dialect ( Rioplatense Spanish ). Common dishes in the central area of

1320-432: The amount of rainy days is fairly constant. Very intense thunderstorms are common in the spring and summer, and it has among the most frequent lightning and highest convective cloud tops in the world. The severe thunderstorms produce intense hailstorms , both floods and flash floods , and the most consistently active tornado region outside the central and southeastern US. Climate charts for different locations of

1375-447: The beginning of November). Many cities and towns in Argentina also feature monuments and memorials dedicated to immigration. There are also Immigrant's Festivals (or Collectivities Festivals) throughout the country, for example: Córdoba , Bariloche , Berisso , Esperanza , Venado Tuerto , and Comodoro Rivadavia have their own Immigrant's festivals. These festivals tend to be local, and they are not advertised or promoted nationally like

1430-671: The capital. Argentina celebrates Immigrant's Day on 4 September since 1949, by a decree of the Executive Branch. The National Immigrant's Festival is celebrated in Oberá , Misiones , during the first fortnight of September, since 1980. There are other celebrations of ethnic diversity throughout the country, such as the National Meeting and Festival of the Communities in Rosario (typically at

1485-515: The commission was dissolved, the government of Rosas continued to allow immigration. Urquiza , under whose sponsorship the Constitution was drawn, encouraged the establishment of agricultural colonies in the Littoral (western Mesopotamia and north-eastern Pampas ). The first law dealing with immigration policies was Law 817 of Immigration and Colonization, of 1876. The General Immigration Office

1540-604: The country ( milanesa , fainá , polenta , pascualina ) have Italian names and origins. Immigrant communities have given Buenos Aires some of its most famous landmarks, such as the Torre de los Ingleses (Tower of the English) or the Monumento de los Españoles (Monument of the Spaniards). Ukrainians, Armenians, Swiss, and many others built monuments and churches at popular spots throughout

1595-472: The country with the second-largest number of immigrants, with 6.6 million, second only to the United States with 27 million. In addition, Argentine immigrant documents also show immigrants from Canada , Australia , South Africa and The United States arriving in Argentina. Most immigrants arrived through the port of Buenos Aires and stayed in the capital or within Buenos Aires Province , as it still happens today. In 1895, immigrants accounted for 52% of

1650-471: The countryside in the interior of the country, especially the littoral provinces, creating agricultural colonies . These included many Jews, fleeing pogroms in Europe and sponsored by Maurice de Hirsch 's Jewish Colonization Association ; they were later termed " Jewish gauchos ". The first such Jewish colony was Moïseville (now the village of Moisés Ville ). Through most of the 20th century, Argentina held one of

1705-465: The drier Argentine Espinal grasslands, which form a semicircle around the north, west, and south of the Humid Pampas. Winters are cold to mild, and summers are hot and humid. Rainfall is fairly uniform throughout the year but is a little heavier during the summer. Annual rainfall is heaviest near the coast and decreases gradually further inland. Rain during the late spring and summer usually arrives in

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1760-422: The festivals in Rosario and Oberá . Besides substantial immigration from neighboring countries during the middle and late 1990s, Argentina received significant numbers of people from Asian countries such as Korea (both North and South), China, Vietnam, Cambodia, and Japan who joined the previously existing Sino-Japanese communities in Buenos Aires. Despite the economic and financial crisis Argentina suffered at

1815-412: The form of brief heavy showers and thunderstorms. More general rainfall occurs the remainder of the year as cold fronts and storm systems move through. Although cold spells during the winter often send nighttime temperatures below freezing, snow is quite rare. In most winters, a few light snowfalls occur over inland areas. Central Argentina boasts a successful agricultural business, with crops grown on

1870-403: The goal of working the land, improving the industries and teach the sciences and the arts. The Preamble of the Constitution dictates a number of goals (justice, peace, defence, welfare and liberty) that apply "to all men in the world who wish to dwell on Argentine soil". The Constitution incorporates, along with other influences, the thought of Juan Bautista Alberdi , who expressed his opinion on

1925-808: The highest Jewish population in Latin America, and the 7th in all the world. The total population of Argentina rose from 4 million in 1895 to 7.9 million in 1914, and to 15.8 million in 1947; during this time the country was settled by 1.5 million Spaniards and 3.8 million Italians between 1861 and 1920 but not all remained. Also arrived were Poles , Russians , French (more than 100,000 each), Germans and Austrians (also more than 100,000), Portuguese , Greeks , Ukrainians , Croats , Czechs , Irish , British , Swiss , Dutch , Hungarians , Scandinavians (the vast majority being Danes ), and people from other European and Middle Eastern countries, prominently Syria , Lebanon , Israel , Palestine , Egypt , Armenia , Georgia , and Turkey . These trends made Argentina

1980-664: The interior areas (mainly in the southern part of the Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul and Uruguay) have low ranges of hills (like Serras de Sudeste in Brazil and Cuchilla Grande in Uruguay). Low hills covered by grasslands are called coxilhas ( Portuguese pronunciation: [koˈʃiʎɐs] ) in Portuguese and cuchillas ( Spanish pronunciation: [kuˈtʃiʝas] ) in Spanish, and it

2035-562: The land assigned to them by General Julio Roca. They are mainly an agricultural community. Other nationalities, such as Spaniards, although they have specific localities (such as the centre of Buenos Aires), they are more uniformly present all around the country and form the general background of Argentine population today. 3,979 5,027 51,695 41,997 110,994 45,722 98,655 373,524 374,745 37,019 318,841 529,692 459,930 252,380 Notes : Source : Dirección Nacional de Migraciones: Infografías. , that information

2090-819: The largest Jewish communities (near 500,000) after the US, France, Israel and Russia, and by far the largest in Latin America (see History of the Jews in Argentina ). Argentina is home to a large community from the Arab world, made up mostly of immigrants from Syria , Lebanon , Palestine , Israel , Jordan , Egypt , Armenia , Georgia , and Turkey . Most are Christians of the Eastern Orthodox and Eastern Catholic ( Maronite ) Churches, with smaller Muslim , Jewish and Druze minorities. Many have gained prominent status in national business and politics, including former president Carlos Menem ,

2145-502: The matter in succinct terms: "to govern is to populate" . As a result of policies promoting immigration to the once sparsely populated country 11% of the Argentinian population and 50% of the population of Buenos Aires was made up of newly arrived immigrants by 1869. The legal and organisational precedents of today's National Directorate for Migration (DNM) can be found in 1825, when Rivadavia created an Immigration Commission. After

2200-454: The national government started the Patria Grande plan to regularize the migratory situation of undocumented immigrants. The plan attempts to ease the bureaucratic process of getting documentation and residence papers, and is aimed at citizens of Mercosur countries and its associated states (Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay and Venezuela). The plan came after

2255-461: The north ( Cfa , according to the Köppen climate classification , with a Cwa tendency (drier winters) in the northwestern edge); a cold semi-arid climate ( BSk ) on the southern and western fringes (like San Luis Province , western La Pampa Province and southern Buenos Aires Province); and an oceanic climate ( Cfb ) in the southeastern part (in the localities of Mar del Plata , Necochea , Tandil and

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2310-422: The pampas are relicts of drier past climates. These explanations have been criticised as mono-causal. "Overall, we expect that low propagule pressure, abiotic stresses, biotic resistance, and a paucity of specific symbionts might have exerted a synergistic influence in slowing tree invasion rates ". The World Wildlife Fund divides the Pampas into three distinct ecoregions . The Uruguayan Savanna lies east of

2365-537: The population in the Capital, and 31% in the province of Buenos Aires (some provinces of the littoral , such as Santa Fe , had about 40%, and the Patagonian provinces about 50%). In 1914, before World War I caused many European immigrants to return to their homeland in order to join the respective armies, the overall rate of foreign-born population reached its peak, almost 30%. A significant number of immigrants settled in

2420-449: The pristine pampas were treeless regions has been much debated. Perhaps the most commonly cited explanation is seasonal drought. A related hypothesis is that grass roots compete for water and exclude tree seedlings. The effect might be increased by heavy, clayed soils which limit tap root penetration. Other causes that have been proposed are fires set by indigenous peoples for land clearance; the existence of heavy-bodied herbivores; and that

2475-501: The rhea. Invasive species include the European hare , wild boar and house sparrow . Most of the large mammals native to the Pampas became extinct as part of the end-Pleistocene extinction event of most large mammals across the Americas around 12,000 years ago. Notable former inhabitants of the Pampas include the giant elephant-sized ground sloth Megatherium americanum , along side

2530-426: The sabertooth cat Smilodon populator . The dominant vegetation types are grassy prairie and grass steppe , in which numerous species of the grass genus Stipa are particularly conspicuous. "Pampas grass" ( Cortaderia selloana ) is an iconic species of the Pampas. Vegetation typically includes perennial grasses and herbs . Different strata of grasses occur because of gradients of water availability. Why

2585-410: The smaller (though still large) ground sloths Mylodon , Glossotherium Lestodon and Catonyx , the rhinoceros like ungulate Toxodon , the camel-like Macrauchenia , the gomphothere (elephant-relative) Notiomastodon , the equines Equus neogeus and Hippidion , and the glyptodonts (car-sized relatives of armadillos) Glyptodon and Doedicurus , the bear Arctotherium and

2640-803: The son of Syrian settlers from the province of La Rioja. (see Arab Argentine ). Nationalities settled in particular areas of the country, such as Irish in Formosa and the Mesopotamia region, the Ukrainians in Misiones where they constitute approximately 9% of the population. Well-known and culturally strong are the German-speaking communities such as those of German-descendants themselves (both those from Germany itself, and those ethnic Germans from other parts of Europe, such as Volga Germans ), Austrian, and Swiss ones. Strong German-descendant populations can be found in

2695-450: The south and late May or early June in the north. Winters are generally mild, but cold waves often occur. Typical temperatures range from 12 to 19 °C (54 to 66 °F) during the day, and from 1 to 6 °C (34 to 43 °F) at night. With strong northerly winds, days of over 25 °C (77 °F) can be recorded almost everywhere, and during cold waves, high temperatures can be only 6 °C (43 °F). Frost occurs everywhere in

2750-508: The southern and western edges. It is highly seasonal in the West, with some places recording averages of 120 millimetres (4.7 in) monthly in the summer, and only 20 millimetres (0.79 in) monthly in the winter. The eastern areas have small peaks in the fall and the spring, with relatively rainy summers and winters that are only slightly drier. However, where summer rain falls as short, heavy storms, winter rain falls mostly as cold drizzle, and so

2805-460: The start of the 21st century, people from all over the world continued arriving to the country, because of Argentina's immigration-friendly policies and high standard of living. According to official data, between 1992 and 2003 an average of 13,187 people per year immigrated legally into Argentina. The government calculates that 504,000 people entered the country during the same period, giving about 345,000 undocumented immigrants. The same source gives

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2860-728: Was created by decree on 4 February 1949, under the Technical Secretariat of the Presidency, in order to deal with the new post-war immigration scenario. New regulations were added to the Directorate by Law 22439 of 1981 and a decree of 1994, but the current regulations are the Law 25871 of 2004 and the decree 616 of 2010. The majority of immigrants, since the 19th century, have come from Europe, mostly from Italy and Spain . Also notable were Jewish immigrants escaping persecution, giving Argentina

2915-622: Was created in 1898, together with the Hotel de Inmigrantes (Immigrants' Hotel), in Buenos Aires. The liberal rulers of the late 19th century saw immigration as the possibility of bringing people from supposedly more civilised, enlightened countries into a sparsely populated land, thus diminishing the influence of aboriginal elements and turning Argentina into a modern society with a dynamic economy. These politicians and intellectuals favored northern European immigration in particular. However, immigrants did not bring only their knowledge and skills. In 1902,

2970-553: Was modified – figures there are by nationality, not by country. Source: "South American Immigration: Argentina", Wanda A. Velez, 1990 Argentine popular culture, especially in the Río de la Plata basin, was heavily marked by Italian and Spanish immigration. Post-independence politicians tried to steer Argentina consistently away from identification with monarchical Spain, perceived as backward and ultraconservative, towards relatively progressive national models like those of France or

3025-416: Was reduced, mainly focused on the domestic market and the provision of the crown . Since its unification as a country, Argentine rulers intended the country to welcome immigration. Article 25 of the 1853 Constitution reads: The Federal Government will encourage European immigration , and it will not restrict, limit or burden with any taxes the entrance into Argentine territory of foreigners who come with

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