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37-510: The Berggruen Museum (also known as the Berggruen Collection ) is a collection of modern art classics in Berlin , which the collector and dealer Heinz Berggruen , in a "gesture of reconciliation", gave to his native city. The most notable artists on display include Pablo Picasso , Alberto Giacometti , Georges Braque , Paul Klee and Henri Matisse . The Berggruen Collection is part of

74-639: A key point in his career and the development of modern painting. It reflected Matisse's incipient fascination with primitive art : the intense warm color of the figures against the cool blue-green background and the rhythmical succession of the dancing nudes convey the feelings of emotional liberation and hedonism . At the start of 20th-century Western painting , and initially influenced by Toulouse-Lautrec , Gauguin and other late-19th-century innovators, Pablo Picasso made his first Cubist paintings based on Cézanne's idea that all depiction of nature can be reduced to three solids: cube , sphere and cone . With

111-504: A member of the jury at the Salon d'Automne where he exhibited three of his dreamlike works: Enigma of the Oracle , Enigma of an Afternoon and Self-Portrait . In 1913 he exhibited his work at the Salon des Indépendants and Salon d'Automne, and his work was noticed by Pablo Picasso , Guillaume Apollinaire , and several others. His compelling and mysterious paintings are considered instrumental to

148-596: A search for more realism in the depiction of common life, as found in the work of painters such as Jean-François Millet . The advocates of realism stood against the idealism of the tradition-bound academic art that enjoyed public and official favor. The most successful painters of the day worked either through commissions or through large public exhibitions of their work. There were official, government-sponsored painters' unions, while governments regularly held public exhibitions of new fine and decorative arts. The Impressionists argued that people do not see objects but only

185-701: A synagogue, a church and a mosque will be built under one roof, with construction due to start in 2020. From 2006 - 2012 Wilfried Kuehn was professor for exhibition design and curatorial practice at the Staatliche Hochschule für Gestaltung Karlsruhe , and since 2018 he is professor in design at the Technical University Vienna . Johannes Kuehn has been professor at the Bauhaus-University Weimar since October 2016. Johannes Kuehn, Wilfried Kuehn and Simona Malvezzi are visiting professors at

222-532: Is closely related to Modernism . Although modern sculpture and architecture are reckoned to have emerged at the end of the 19th century, the beginnings of modern painting can be located earlier. Francisco Goya is considered by many as the Father of Modern Painting without being a Modernist himself, a fact of art history that later painters associated with Modernism as a style, acknowledge him as an influence. The date perhaps most commonly identified as marking

259-607: Is the work of Picasso, with over 100 exhibits, together with over 60 pictures by Paul Klee. Henri Matisse is represented by over 20 works, including more than half a dozen of his famous cutouts . Sculpture ensembles by Alberto Giacometti and examples of African sculpture round out the core of the collection. 52°31′09″N 13°17′43″E  /  52.51917°N 13.29528°E  / 52.51917; 13.29528 Modern art Art of Central Asia Art of East Asia Art of South Asia Art of Southeast Asia Art of Europe Art of Africa Art of

296-511: The Humboldt Forum in Berlin (2008), and attracted acclaim for their critical approach towards the reconstruction briefing. Their concept won the special jury prize, as well as the 2009 German Critics’ Prize in the architecture category. In 2012 Kuehn Malvezzi won the international competition for the interreligious House of One in Berlin. On the site of Berlin's earliest church at Petriplatz,

333-672: The Liebieghaus sculpture collection in Frankfurt am Main (2009). Museum projects in Berlin include the extension of Museum Berggruen (2013); the Museum of Decorative Arts (2014), and the conversion of the Prinzessinnenpalais on Unter den Linden boulevard, to house the PalaisPopulaire – a venue for art, culture and sports by Deutsche Bank. Kuehn Malvezzi took part in the competition for

370-729: The National Gallery of Berlin . The collection arrived in Berlin in 1996, with Berggruen's return to his native city after six decades in exile. In 1988 he had given about 90 Klees to the Metropolitan Museum of Art , and in 1990, he had agreed to make a five-year loan (renewable by mutual agreement) to the National Gallery in London of 72 paintings and drawings by Paul Cézanne , Georges Seurat , Vincent van Gogh , Pablo Picasso , Georges Braque , and Joan Miró . Also in 1990, negotiations with Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofía for

407-506: The 1980s and 1990s, as evidenced by the rise of neo-expressionism and the revival of figurative painting . Towards the end of the 20th century, many artists and architects started questioning the idea of "the modern" and created typically Postmodern works . (Roughly chronological with representative artists listed.) Kuehn Malvezzi Kuehn Malvezzi's early projects include the exhibition spaces for Documenta11 in Kassel (2002) and

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444-495: The Americas Art of Oceania Modern art includes artistic work produced during the period extending roughly from the 1860s to the 1970s, and denotes the styles and philosophies of the art produced during that era. The term is usually associated with art in which the traditions of the past have been thrown aside in a spirit of experimentation. Modern artists experimented with new ways of seeing and with fresh ideas about

481-733: The Berggruen collection to be shown in Madrid fell through. Berggruen initially lent the collection, which he had assembled over 30 years, to the Prussian Cultural Heritage Foundation (SPK). He finally sold it to the SPK in December 2000, for the "symbolic" price of 253 million marks , well below its then estimated value of 1.5 billion marks. Today it is exhibited under the title "Berggruen Collection – Picasso and His Time" as part of

518-456: The Berggruen family acquired Picasso's Nu Jaune (1907) for $ 13.7 million at Sotheby's in New York. This gouache is one of the first studies for Les Demoiselles d'Avignon , a milestone in 20th-century art. To mark the 10th anniversary of the museum, and his permanent retirement from public life at the age of 92, Berggruen donated a sculpture by Alberto Giacometti, Standing Woman III , to

555-687: The National Gallery of Berlin, in the West Stüler Building on Schloßstraße, opposite Charlottenburg Palace . Berggruen continued to purchase works after the museum's opening in 1996, including Picasso's important 1909 painting Houses on the Hill ( Horta de Ebro ) from the Museum of Modern Art in New York City. A total of 165 works were transferred from Berggruen to the SPK in the 2000 sale. In 2005,

592-484: The attention of curators and critics, at the expense of more traditional media. Larger installations and performances became widespread. By the end of the 1970s, when cultural critics began speaking of "the end of painting" (the title of a provocative essay written in 1981 by Douglas Crimp ), new media art had become a category in itself, with a growing number of artists experimenting with technological means such as video art . Painting assumed renewed importance in

629-567: The birth of modern art as a movement is 1863, the year that Édouard Manet showed his painting Le déjeuner sur l'herbe in the Salon des Refusés in Paris. Earlier dates have also been proposed, among them 1855 (the year Gustave Courbet exhibited The Artist's Studio ) and 1784 (the year Jacques-Louis David completed his painting The Oath of the Horatii ). In the words of art historian H. Harvard Arnason : "Each of these dates has significance for

666-497: The collection in December 2006. It had in fact already been on loan at the museum until then, standing in the Stüler Building's rotunda . To keep the two-metre high bronze statue within the collection – his life's work – Berggruen quickly purchased it and donated it to the SPK. Several weeks later, on 23 February 2007, he died in Paris. The museum received 1.5 million visitors during its first decade from 1996 to 2006. Besides

703-494: The development of modern art, but none categorically marks a completely new beginning .... A gradual metamorphosis took place in the course of a hundred years." The strands of thought that eventually led to modern art can be traced back to the Enlightenment . The modern art critic Clement Greenberg , for instance, called Immanuel Kant "the first real Modernist" but also drew a distinction: "The Enlightenment criticized from

740-425: The development of modern art. At the beginning of the 20th century Henri Matisse and several other young artists including the pre-cubists Georges Braque , André Derain , Raoul Dufy , Jean Metzinger and Maurice de Vlaminck revolutionized the Paris art world with "wild," multi-colored, expressive landscapes and figure paintings that the critics called Fauvism . Matisse's two versions of The Dance signified

777-521: The early beginnings of Surrealism . Song of Love (1914) is one of the most famous works by de Chirico and is an early example of the surrealist style, though it was painted ten years before the movement was "founded" by André Breton in 1924. The School of Paris , centered in Montparnasse flourished between the two world wars. World War I brought an end to this phase but indicated the beginning of many anti-art movements, such as Dada , including

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814-744: The extension of the Rieckhallen at the Hamburger Bahnhof , Museum for Contemporary Art in Berlin (2004). In 2007 they were responsible for the conversion of a former industrial building to house of the Julia Stoschek Collection in Düsseldorf. They reorganized the historical and contemporary art collections of the Österreichische Galerie Belvedere at the Belvedere Palace in Vienna (2007); and

851-412: The first clear manifestation of cubism, was followed by Synthetic cubism , practiced by Braque, Picasso, Fernand Léger , Juan Gris , Albert Gleizes , Marcel Duchamp and several other artists into the 1920s. Synthetic cubism is characterized by the introduction of different textures, surfaces, collage elements, papier collé and a large variety of merged subject matter. The notion of modern art

888-496: The first decade of the 20th century were Fauvism , Cubism , Expressionism , and Futurism . Futurism took off in Italy a couple years before World War I with the publication of Filippo Tommaso Marinetti 's Futurist Manifesto . Benedetta Cappa Marinetti , wife of Filippo Tommaso Marinetti, created the second wave of the artistic movement started by her husband. "Largely thanks to Benedetta, her husband F.T. Marinetti re orchestrated

925-473: The focal point of new artistic movements. The 1950s and 1960s saw the emergence of Abstract Expressionism , Color field painting , Conceptual artists of Art & Language , Pop art , Op art , Hard-edge painting , Minimal art , Lyrical Abstraction , Fluxus , Happening , video art , Postminimalism , Photorealism and various other movements. In the late 1960s and the 1970s, Land art , performance art , conceptual art, and other new art forms attracted

962-433: The light that they reflect, and therefore painters should paint in natural light ( en plein air ) rather than in studios and should capture the effects of light in their work. Impressionist artists formed a group, Société Anonyme Coopérative des Artistes Peintres, Sculpteurs, Graveurs ("Association of Painters, Sculptors, and Engravers") which, despite internal tensions, mounted a series of independent exhibitions. The style

999-467: The nature of materials and functions of art. A tendency away from the narrative , which was characteristic of the traditional arts, toward abstraction is characteristic of much modern art. More recent artistic production is often called contemporary art or Postmodern art . Modern art begins with the heritage of painters like Vincent van Gogh , Paul Cézanne , Paul Gauguin , Georges Seurat and Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec all of whom were essential for

1036-402: The outside ... . Modernism criticizes from the inside." The French Revolution of 1789 uprooted assumptions and institutions that had for centuries been accepted with little question and accustomed the public to vigorous political and social debate. This gave rise to what art historian Ernst Gombrich called a "self-consciousness that made people select the style of their building as one selects

1073-434: The painting Les Demoiselles d'Avignon (1907), Picasso dramatically created a new and radical picture depicting a raw and primitive brothel scene with five prostitutes, violently painted women, reminiscent of African tribal masks and his new Cubist inventions. Analytic cubism was jointly developed by Picasso and Georges Braque , exemplified by Violin and Candlestick, Paris, from about 1908 through 1912. Analytic cubism,

1110-448: The pattern of a wallpaper." The pioneers of modern art were Romantics , Realists and Impressionists . By the late 19th century, additional movements which were to be influential in modern art had begun to emerge: Post-Impressionism and Symbolism . Influences upon these movements were varied: from exposure to Eastern decorative arts, particularly Japanese printmaking , to the coloristic innovations of Turner and Delacroix , to

1147-524: The permanent exhibition "Picasso and His Time", the museum hosts numerous special exhibitions on themes of classic modern art. In July 2007 the heirs to Berggruen's estate announced that they would present a further 50 classic modern works to the museum, in order to continue in their father's tradition of reconciliation with Germany. Since the transfer at Christmas 2000 Berggruen had continued to purchase paintings, including works by Picasso, Matisse, Klee and Cézanne , among others. To make an expansion possible,

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1184-440: The running costs of the society. Plans were announced in 2008 to connect the two buildings, to be paid for by the government and installed by the state of Berlin. Chosen from an architectural competition, architects Kuehn Malvezzi designed a glass pergola which was completed in 2013. In May 2008 a further 70 paintings were added to the collection. In 2011, the seminal Picasso painting Les Femmes d'Alger ("Version L," 1955)

1221-719: The shifting ideologies of Futurism to embrace feminine elements of intuition, spirituality, and the mystical forces of the earth." She painted up until his death and spent the rest of her days tending to the spread and growth of this period in Italian art, which celebrated technology, speed and all things new. During the years between 1910 and the end of World War I and after the heyday of cubism , several movements emerged in Paris. Giorgio de Chirico moved to Paris in July 1911, where he joined his brother Andrea (the poet and painter known as Alberto Savinio ). Through his brother, he met Pierre Laprade,

1258-660: The state of Berlin announced that it would endow the SPK with a new building for its 50th anniversary: the Kommandantenhaus, adjacent to the West Stüler Building. A society for friends of the Berggruen Museum ( Förderkreis Museum Berggruen e. V. ) was founded at the same time, with members including Berggruen's widow Bettina, his children Nicolas , Olivier , John and Helen, as well as Michael Blumenthal , Michael Naumann and Simon de Pury . The SPK agreed to take on

1295-518: The work of Marcel Duchamp , and of Surrealism . Artist groups like de Stijl and Bauhaus developed new ideas about the interrelation of the arts, architecture, design, and art education. Modern art was introduced to the United States with the Armory Show in 1913 and through European artists who moved to the U.S. during World War I. It was only after World War II , however, that the U.S. became

1332-606: Was acquired for the museum at auction for $ 21.4 million. Since 2022, the museum has been undergoing extensive renovations. While it is closed, parts of the collection are being exhibited at the National Museum of Western Art in Tokyo (2022), the National Museum of Art in Osaka (2022), UCCA Edge in Shanghai (2023) and Musée de l'Orangerie in Paris (2024). The centrepiece of the collection

1369-463: Was adopted by artists in different nations, in preference to a "national" style. These factors established the view that it was a "movement." These traits—establishment of a working method integral to the art, the establishment of a movement or visible active core of support, and international adoption—would be repeated by artistic movements in the Modern period in art. Among the movements that flowered in

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