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66-501: San Bernardino ( / ˌ s æ n ˌ b ɜːr n ə ˈ d iː n oʊ / SAN BUR -nə- DEE -noh ) is a city in and the county seat of San Bernardino County, California , United States. Located in the Inland Empire region of Southern California , the city had a population of 222,101 in the 2020 census, making it the 18th-largest city in California . San Bernardino is

132-526: A Superior Court and Sheriff (as an officer of the court ), both located in a designated "shire town". Bennington County, Vermont has two shire towns; the court for "North Shire" is in the shire town Manchester , and the Sheriff for the county and court for "South Shire" are in the shire town Bennington. In 2024, Connecticut , which had not defined their counties for anything but statistical, historical and weather warning purposes since 1960, along with ending

198-611: A collection of Egyptian antiquities, ancient pottery from present-day Italy, and funerary art from ancient China. In addition to the extensive antiquities on display, the museum presents contemporary art and changing exhibitions. The Heritage House holds the collection of the San Bernardino Historic and Pioneer Society , while the San Bernardino County Museum of regional history in Redlands has exhibits relating to

264-410: A county seat may be an independent city surrounded by, but not part of, the county of which it is the administrative center; for example, Fairfax City is both the county seat of Fairfax County, Virginia and completely surrounded by Fairfax County, but the city is politically independent of the county. When the county seat is in the independent city, government offices such as the courthouse may be in

330-646: A county was the magistrate , who oversaw both the day-to-day operations of the county as well as civil and criminal cases. The current number of counties mostly resembled that of the later years of the Qing dynasty . Changes of location and names of counties in Chinese history have been a major field of research in Chinese historical geography, especially from the 1960s to the 1980s. There are 1,355 counties in Mainland China out of

396-551: A downturn that has been somewhat offset by more recent growth in the intermodal shipping industry. The jobless rate in the region rose to more than 12 percent during the years immediately after the base closing. As of 2007 households within one mile of the city core had a median income of only $ 20,480, less than half that of the Inland region as a whole. Over 15 percent of San Bernardino residents are unemployed as of 2012, and over 40 percent are on some form of public assistance. According to

462-469: A far-off land with exceptional climate and curative waters, marked by a gigantic arrowhead. Smith's search for that unique arrowhead formation began in Texas, and eventually ended at Arrowhead Springs in California in 1857. By 1889, word of the springs, along with the hotel on the site (and a belief in the effect on general health of the water from the springs) had grown considerably. Hotel guests often raved about

528-624: A hot-summer Mediterranean climate ( Csa in the Köppen climate classification ) with warm winters and hot, dry summers. Relative to other areas in Southern California, winters are colder, with frost and with chilly to cold morning temperatures common. The particularly arid climate during the summer prevents tropospheric clouds from forming, meaning temperatures rise to what is considered by NOAA scientists as Class Orange. Summer thus has temperatures approaching those typical of hot desert climates, with

594-559: A land grant in the name of three of his sons, José del Carmen Lugo, José Maria Lugo, Vicente Lugo, and José del Carmen's friend, Diego Sepulveda. In 1842, the eight square league Rancho San Bernardino was granted to Antonio Maria Lugo, his sons and his nephews, who grazed cattle in the area. With the cession of California to the United States following the Mexican–American War , the 1848 Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo provided that

660-541: A large part of the San Bernardino valley, and encompassed present-day San Bernardino , Fontana , Rialto , Redlands and Colton . In 1810, Padre Francisco Dumetz , a priest from Mission San Gabriel , toured the area and gave it the name San Bernardino. Later emissaries from the mission established the Rancho as headquarters of native farming activity called Guachama Rancheria and with other subsidiary farms such as with

726-746: A mission chapel and supply station by the Mission San Gabriel . Two years later the settlement was destroyed by local tribesmen, following powerful earthquakes that shook the region. Several years later, the Serrano and Mountain Cahuilla rebuilt the Guachama Rancheria , and in 1819 invited the missionaries to return to the valley. They did and established the San Bernardino de Sena Estancia . Serrano and Cahuilla people inhabited Politana until long after

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792-568: A total of 2,851 county-level divisions. In Taiwan , the first counties were first established in 1661 by the Kingdom of Tungning . The later ruler Qing empire inherited this type of administrative divisions. With the increase of Han Chinese population in Taiwan, the number of counties also grew by time. By the end of Qing era, there were 11 counties in Taiwan. Protestant missionaries in China first romanized

858-480: Is a naturally formed arrowhead-shaped rock formation on the side of a mountain. It measures 1375 feet by 449 feet. According to the Native American legend regarding the landmark arrowhead, an arrow from Heaven burned the formation onto the mountainside in order to show tribes where they could be healed. During the mid-19th century, "Dr." David Noble Smith claimed that a saint-like being appeared before him and told of

924-593: Is a section of Middle Township , an incorporated municipality. In some states, often those that were among the original Thirteen Colonies , county seats include or formerly included "Court House" as part of their name, such as Spotsylvania Courthouse, Virginia . Most counties have only one county seat. However, some counties in Alabama , Arkansas , Georgia , Iowa , Kentucky , Massachusetts , Mississippi , Missouri , New Hampshire , New York , and Vermont have two or more county seats, usually located on opposite sides of

990-781: Is held in downtown San Bernardino each September; the Berdoo Bikes & Blues Rendezvous, held in the spring; the National Orange Show Festival , a citrus exposition founded in 1911 and also held in the spring; and, the Western Regional Little League Championships held each August, as well as the annual anniversary of the birth of the Mother Charter of the Hells Angels Motorcycle Club, Berdoo California Chapter. San Bernardino

1056-579: Is home to the historic Arrowhead Springs Hotel and Spa, located in the Arrowhead Springs neighborhood, which encompasses 1,916 acres (7.75 km) directly beneath the Arrowhead geological monument that presides over the San Bernardino Valley. The resort contains hot springs, in addition to mineral baths and steam caves located deep underground. Long the headquarters for Campus Crusade for Christ,

1122-490: Is near California State University); and Little Mountain, which rises among Shandin Hills (generally bounded by Sierra Way, 30th Street, Kendall Drive, and Interstate 215 ). San Bernardino is unique among Southern Californian cities because of its wealth of water, which is mostly contained in underground aquifers. Seccombe Lake, named after a former mayor, is a manmade lake at Sierra Way and 5th Street. San Bernardino features

1188-505: Is now Big Bear Lake were called Yuhaviatam, or "People of the Pines". In 1866, to clear the way for settlers and gold miners, state militia conducted a 32-day campaign slaughtering men, women, and children. Yuhaviatam leader Santos Manuel guided his people from their ancient homeland to a village site in the San Bernardino foothills. The United States government in 1891 established it as a tribal reservation and named it after Santos Manuel. In 1867,

1254-665: The Burlington Northern and Santa Fe Railway 's intermodal freight transport yard, the Yellow Freight Systems' cross-docking trucking center, and Pacific Motor Trucking. Large warehouses for Kohl's , Mattel , Pep Boys , and Stater Bros. have been developed near the San Bernardino International Airport . The closing of Norton Air Force Base in 1994 resulted in the loss of 10,000 military and civilian jobs and sent San Bernardino's economy into

1320-509: The NCAA Division II level in a variety of sports. San Bernardino Valley College competes in the CCCAA and is the only school to offer football at the collegiate level in San Bernardino. CSUSB used to play their home baseball games at the downtown venue, Arrowhead Credit Union Park , but now play all their home games at the uptown venue, Fiscalini Field . County seat In Canada ,

1386-723: The People's Republic of China . Xian have existed since the Warring States period and were set up nationwide by the Qin dynasty . The number of counties in China proper gradually increased from dynasty to dynasty. As Qin Shi Huang reorganized the counties after his unification, there were about 1,000. Under the Eastern Han dynasty , the number of counties increased to above 1,000. About 1400 existed when

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1452-805: The San Bernardino Valley , a valley long inhabited by the Tongva . Several of their villages dotted the San Bernardino valley prior to the arrival of Europeans in the valley. Kaawchama was perhaps the most significant in the region, being a regional center for trade that was connected to villages in Southern California and the Colorado River through the Mohave Trail , that was used by the Mohave , Serrano , Cahuilla , Payomkawichum , and others. The village

1518-678: The San Bernardino Valley , roughly 60 miles (97 km) east of Los Angeles. Some major geographical features of the city include the San Bernardino Mountains and the San Bernardino National Forest , in which the city's northernmost neighborhood, Arrowhead Springs, is located. At the base of the mountains lies the San Andreas Fault , which passes through the northern areas of the city, and where several smaller faults lie in close proximity. The Cajon Pass adjacent to

1584-539: The Sui dynasty abolished the commandery level (郡 jùn), which was the level just above counties, and demoted some commanderies to counties. In Imperial China, the county was a significant administrative unit because it marked the lowest level of the imperial bureaucratic structure; in other words, it was the lowest level that the government reached. Government below the county level was often undertaken through informal non-bureaucratic means, varying between dynasties. The head of

1650-515: The United States , a county is an administrative or political subdivision of a state that consists of a geographic area with specific boundaries and usually some level of governmental authority. The city, town, or populated place that houses county government is known as the seat of its county. Generally, the county legislature, county courthouse, sheriff's department headquarters, hall of records, jail and correctional facility are located in

1716-411: The provinces of Ontario , Quebec , New Brunswick , Prince Edward Island , and Nova Scotia have counties as an administrative division of government below the provincial level, and thus county seats. In the provinces of Prince Edward Island, New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia the term "shire town" is used in place of county seat. County seats in China are the administrative centers of the counties in

1782-701: The 1830s decree of secularization and the 1842 inclusion into the Rancho San Bernardino land grant of the José del Carmen Lugo family. The area was not largely settled until 1851, following the American Conquest of California . The first Anglo-American colony was established by pioneers associated with the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints . Following the Mormon colonists' purchase of Rancho San Bernardino, and

1848-602: The Hispanic and Asian population increased. According to 2022 American Community Survey , English ancestry is 4.2%, French (except Basque) is 0.9%, German 4.6%, Irish is 3.9% Italian, 2.1% Norwegian, 0.6%Polish, 0.6%Scottish 0.7% and Subsaharan African - 0.8%. The city's location close to the Cajon and San Gorgonio passes, and at the junctions of the I-10 , I-215, and SR-210 freeways, positions it as an intermodal logistics hub. The city hosts

1914-634: The Jumuba which established the site of Jumuba rancheria . In January 1827, the exploring party of Jedediah Smith —first to reach California overland from the United States—spent several days in the area preparing for a return crossing of the Mojave Desert (having missed these settlements on the inbound journey) After the Mexican secularization act of 1833 in 1841, Antonio Maria Lugo petitioned for

1980-579: The Latino and African-American populations comprise the vast majority of the city. Historically, many Latinos, primarily Mexican-Americans and Mexicans , lived on Mount Vernon Avenue on the West Side. Since the 1960s, the Medical Center (formerly known as Muscoy ) and Base Line corridors were mostly black, in particular in the east side and west side areas centering on public housing projects Waterman Gardens and

2046-429: The San Bernardino area as warm and dry air is channeled through nearby Cajon Pass at times during the autumn months. This phenomenon markedly increases the wildfire danger in the foothills, canyon, and mountain communities that the cycle of cold, wet winters and dry summers helps create. The 2020 United States Census reported that the city of San Bernardino had a population of 222,101. The racial makeup of San Bernardino

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2112-467: The US Census, 34.6 percent of residents lived below the poverty level in 2012, making San Bernardino the poorest city for its population in California, and the second poorest in the United States after Detroit . Government, retail, and service industries dominate the economy of the city of San Bernardino. From 1998 to 2004, San Bernardino's economy grew by 26,217 jobs, a 37% increase, to 97,139. Government

2178-469: The United States. On December 2, 2015, a terrorist attack left 14 people dead and 22 seriously injured. According to the United States Census Bureau , the city has a total area of 59.6 square miles (154 km), of which 59.2 square miles (153 km) is land and 0.4 square miles (1.0 km), or 0.74%, is water. The city lies in the San Bernardino foothills and the eastern portion of

2244-521: The United States; the San Bernardino-Riverside MSA. Furthermore, the city's University District serves as a college town , as home to California State University, San Bernardino . San Bernardino was named in 1810, when Spanish priest Francisco Dumetz led an expedition through the area. In 1839, the Mexican government granted Californio ranchero José del Carmen Lugo the right to settle

2310-443: The age of 18 living in them, 25,700 (43.4%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 13,518 (22.8%) had a female householder with no husband present, 5,302 (8.9%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 5,198 (8.8%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships , and 488 (0.8%) same-sex married couples or partnerships . 11,229 households (18.9%) were made up of individuals, and 4,119 (6.9%) had someone living alone who

2376-605: The area, which was formalized when he was granted Rancho San Bernardino in 1842. Following the American Conquest of California , the community on the rancho incorporated as a city in 1854. The city grew significantly in the late 19th century as a commercial hub at the crossroads between Southern California and the American Southwest . Today, San Bernardino is an important hub for the Inland Empire and Southern California. The city of San Bernardino, California, occupies much of

2442-580: The city of San Bernardino as well. The San Bernardino Railroad and History Museum is located inside the historic Santa Fe Depot. A Route 66 museum is located on the historic site of the original McDonald's restaurant. Specialty museums include the Inland Empire Military Museum, the American Sports Museum, and the adjacent WBC Legends of Boxing Museum . The California State University, San Bernardino (CSUSB) Coyotes compete at

2508-576: The city's payments to creditors, including its pension payments to the California Public Employees' Retirement System for nearly a year. San Bernardino became the largest city at the time to file for a Chapter 9 bankruptcy, superseded by Detroit's filing in July 2013. Following a judge's approval, the city emerged from bankruptcy in February 2017, making it one of the longest municipal bankruptcies in

2574-686: The city. In 1955, Glen Bell started his first taco stand after learning from Gloria Hoyle at Mitla Café, later developing into the first Taco Bell. San Bernardino won the All-America City award in 1977. On May 12, 1989, a massive derailment took place along Duffy street at the Muscoy area, killing 4 people and destroying seven homes. Then on May 25, an underground petroleum pipeline ruptured, killing 2 more people and burning down 11 more homes. In August 2012, San Bernardino filed for Chapter 9 bankruptcy , with more than $ 1 billion in debt. The move froze

2640-639: The colonists were recalled by Brigham Young in 1857 due to the Utah War . Once highly regarded in early California, news of the Mountain Meadows Massacre poisoned attitudes toward the Mormons. Some Mormons would stay in San Bernardino and some later returned from Utah , but a real estate consortium from El Monte and Los Angeles bought most of the lands of the old rancho and of the departing colonists. They sold these lands to new settlers who came to dominate

2706-432: The county seat is the entire county. Ellicott City , the county seat of Howard County, Maryland , is the largest unincorporated county seat in the United States, followed by Towson , the county seat of Baltimore County, Maryland . Likewise, some county seats may not be incorporated in their own right, but are located within incorporated municipalities. For example, Cape May Court House, New Jersey , though unincorporated,

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2772-491: The county seat, though some functions (such as highway maintenance, which usually requires a large garage for vehicles, along with asphalt and salt storage facilities) may also be located or conducted in other parts of the county, especially if it is geographically large. A county seat is usually an incorporated municipality . The exceptions include the county seats of counties that have no incorporated municipalities within their borders, such as Arlington County, Virginia , where

2838-420: The county. Examples include Harrison County, Mississippi , which has both Biloxi and Gulfport as county seats, and Hinds County, Mississippi , which has both Raymond and the state capital of Jackson . The practice of multiple county seat towns dates from the days when travel was difficult. There have been few efforts to eliminate the two-seat arrangement, since a county seat is a source of civic pride for

2904-449: The crystal-clear water from the cold springs, which prompted Seth Marshall to set up a bottling operation in the hotel's basement. By 1905, water from the cold springs was being shipped to Los Angeles under the newly created "Arrowhead" trademark . Indigenous people of the San Bernardino Valley and Mountains were collectively identified by Spanish explorers in the 19th century as Serrano , a term meaning highlander. Serrano living near what

2970-550: The culture and politics in the county and San Bernardino became a typical American frontier town. Many of the new land owners disliked the sober Mormons, indulging in drinking at saloons now allowed in the town. Disorder, fighting and violence in the vicinity became common, reaching a climax in the 1859 Ainsworth - Gentry Affair. In 1860 a gold rush began in the mountains nearby with the discovery of gold by William F. Holcomb in Holcomb Valley early 1860. Another strike followed in

3036-556: The east end of downtown, and a large East-Asian community in North Loma Linda. Others live in nearby Loma Linda to the south across the Santa Ana River. Filipinos are the largest Asian ethnic group in San Bernardino. There is a historic Italian-American community in San Bernardino. There is a rapid increase of Guatemalan immigrants in San Bernardino and the Inland Empire. The white population in San Bernardino has declined while

3102-431: The economic, cultural, and political hub of the San Bernardino Valley and the Inland Empire. The governments of El Salvador , Guatemala , and Mexico have established the metropolitan area's only consulates in the downtown area of the city. Additionally, San Bernardino serves as an anchor city to the 3rd largest metropolitan area in California (after Los Angeles and San Francisco) and the 12th largest metropolitan area in

3168-455: The establishment of the town of San Bernardino in 1851, San Bernardino County was formed in 1853 from parts of Los Angeles County . Mormons laid out the town based on the "City of Zion" plan which was typical of Mormon urban planning. Mormon colonists developed irrigated, commercial farming and lumbering, supplying agricultural produce and lumber throughout Southern California. The city was officially incorporated in 1857. Later that year, most of

3234-523: The first Chinese immigrants arrived in San Bernardino. In 1883, California Southern Railroad established a rail link through San Bernardino between Los Angeles and the rest of the country. In 1905, the city of San Bernardino passed its first charter. Norton Air Force Base was established during World War II . In 1994, Norton Air Force Base closed to become San Bernardino International Airport . In 1940, Richard and Maurice McDonald founded McDonald's , along with its innovative restaurant concept, in

3300-471: The highest recorded summer temperature at 118 °F (48 °C) on July 6, 2018. In the winter, snow flurries occur upon occasion. San Bernardino gets an average of 16 inches (406 mm) of rain, hail, or light snow showers each year. Arrowhead Springs , San Bernardino's northernmost neighborhood gets snow, heavily at times, due to its elevation of about 3,000 feet (910 m) above sea level. The seasonal Santa Ana winds are felt particularly strongly in

3366-611: The independent city under an agreement, such as in Albemarle , or may in be enclaves of the county surrounded by the independent city, such as in Fairfax . Others, such as Prince William , have the courthouse in an enclave surrounded by the independent city and have the county government, the Board of Supervisors, in a different part of the county, far from the county seat. The following counties have their county seat in an independent city: Bedford

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3432-555: The northwest border; City Creek, Lytle Creek , San Timoteo Creek , Twin Creek, Warm Creek (as modified through flood control channels) feed the Santa Ana River , which forms part of the city's southern border south of San Bernardino International Airport . The city has several notable hills and mountains; among them are Perris Hill (named after Fred Perris, an early engineer, and the namesake of Perris, California ); Kendall Hill (which

3498-653: The public housing on Medical Center drive. The heart of the Mexican-American community is on the West and Southside of San Bernardino, but is slowly expanding throughout the entire city. San Bernardino's only Jewish congregation moved to Redlands in December 2009. Some Asian Americans live in and around the city of San Bernardino, as in a late 19th-century-era (gone) Chinatown and formerly Japanese-American area in Seccombe Park on

3564-406: The site now remains largely vacant and unused since their operations moved to Florida. The $ 300 million Yaamava Resort & Casino, one of the few in southern California that does operate as a resort hotel, is located approximately one mile from the Arrowhead Springs Hotel and Spa. The Robert V. Fullerton Museum of Art, located on the campus of California State University, San Bernardino , contains

3630-657: The state's area, has no borough government or borough seat. One borough, the Lake and Peninsula Borough , has its borough seat located in another borough, namely King Salmon in Bristol Bay Borough . In Louisiana , which is divided into parishes rather than counties, county seats are referred to as "parish seats". In New England , counties have served mainly as dividing lines for the states' judicial systems. Rhode Island has no county level of government and thus no county seats, and Massachusetts has dissolved many but not all of its county governments. In Vermont , Massachusetts , and Maine county government consists only of

3696-470: The term as hien . When Taiwan became a Japanese colony in 1895, the hierarchy of divisions also incorporated into the Japanese system in the period when Taiwan was under Japanese rule. By September 1945, Taiwan was divided into 8 prefectures ( 州 and 廳 ), which remained after the Republic of China took over. There are 13 county seats in Taiwan, which function as county-administered cities , urban townships , or rural townships . In most of

3762-416: The towns involved, along with providing employment opportunities. There are 33 counties with multiple county seats in 11 states: Alaska is divided into boroughs rather than counties; the county seat in these case is referred to as the "borough seat"; this includes six consolidated city-borough governments (one of which is styled as a "municipality"). The Unorganized Borough, Alaska , which covers 49% of

3828-402: The upper reach of Lytle Creek. By the 1860s, San Bernardino had also become an important trading hub in Southern California . The city already on the Los Angeles – Salt Lake Road , became the starting point for the Mojave Road from 1858 and Bradshaw Trail from 1862 to the mines along the Colorado River and within the Arizona Territory in the gold rush of 1862–1864 . Near San Bernardino

3894-484: The use of county seats in particular, will fully transition with the permission of the United States Census Bureau to a system of councils of government for the purposes of boundary definition and as county equivalents. Two counties in South Dakota , Oglala Lakota and Todd , have their county seat and government services centered in a neighboring county. Their county-level services are provided by Fall River County and Tripp County , respectively. In Virginia ,

3960-467: Was 3.2%; the rental vacancy rate was 9.5%. 102,650 people (48.9% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 99,949 people (47.6%) lived in rental housing units. According to the 2010 United States Census, San Bernardino had a median household income of $ 39,097, with 30.6% of the population living below the federal poverty line. Western, central, and parts of eastern San Bernardino are home to mixed-ethnic working class populations, of which

4026-407: Was 53,786 (24.2%) non-Hispanic white, 27,875 (12.6%) African American , 5,029 (2.3%) Native American , and 9,279 (4.2%) Asian . There were 151,125 Hispanic or Latino residents of any race (68%). The 2010 United States Census reported that San Bernardino had a population of 209,924. The population density was 3,519.6 inhabitants per square mile (1,358.9/km). The racial makeup of San Bernardino

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4092-726: Was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.42. There were 44,520 families (75.1% of all households); the average family size was 3.89. There were 67,238 residents (32.0%) under the age of 18, 26,654 (12.7%) aged 18 to 24, 56,221 (26.8%) aged 25 to 44, 43,277 (20.6%) aged 45 to 64, and 16,534 (7.9%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 28.5 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.0 males. There were 65,401 housing units at an average density of 1,096.5 units per square mile (423.4 units/km), of which 29,838 (50.3%) were owner-occupied, and 29,445 (49.7%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate

4158-593: Was 95,734 (45.6%) White (19.0% Non-Hispanic White), 31,582 (15.0%) African American , 2,822 (1.3%) Native American , 8,454 (4.0%) Asian , 839 (0.4%) Pacific Islander , 59,827 (28.5%) from other races , and 10,666 (5.1%) from two or more races. There were 125,994 Hispanic or Latino residents of any race (60.0%). The Census reported that 202,599 people (96.5% of the population) lived in households, 3,078 (1.5%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 4,247 (2.0%) were institutionalized. There were 59,283 households, out of which 29,675 (50.1%) had children under

4224-628: Was an independent city from 1968 to 2013, while also being the county seat of Bedford County . Bedford reverted to an incorporated town, and remains the county seat, though is now part of the county. The state with the most counties is Texas, with 254, and the state with the fewest counties is Delaware, with 3. Rancho San Bernardino Rancho San Bernardino was a 35,509-acre (143.70 km ) Mexican land grant in present-day San Bernardino County, California given in 1842 by Governor Juan B. Alvarado to José del Carmen Lugo , José María Lugo, Vicente Lugo, and Diego Sepulveda . The grant included

4290-427: Was both the largest and the fastest-growing employment sector, reaching close to 20,000 jobs in 2004. Other significant sectors were retail (16,000 jobs) and education (13,200 jobs). According to the city's 2020 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report, the top employers in the city are: San Bernardino hosts several major annual events, including: Route 66 Rendezvous, a four-day celebration of America's "Mother Road" that

4356-512: Was located in the eastern expanse of Tovaangar , and was established along the Santa Ana River . With the establishment of Mission San Gabriel in 1771, Spanish missionaries traveling through the area expressed a desire to establish a supply station in the area, which became the Guachama Rancheria . The settlement was also referred to as Politana and became the first Spanish settlement in what they referred to as San Bernardino Valley, named for Bernardino of Siena , being established in 1810 as

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