34-517: Benedict XIII may refer to: Pope Benedict XIII (1649–1730), pope from 1724 to 1730 Antipope Benedict XIII (1328–1423), based in Avignon, France, in opposition to the pope in Rome See also [ edit ] Pope Benedict (disambiguation) [REDACTED] Topics referred to by the same term This disambiguation page lists articles about people with
68-604: A Doctor of the Church on 19 February 1729. Benedict XIII elevated 29 new cardinals into the cardinalate in a total of 12 consistories ; one such new cardinal was Prospero Lambertini, who later became Pope Benedict XIV . Benedict XIII, whose orders were descended from Scipione Rebiba , personally consecrated at least 139 bishops for various important European sees, including German, French, English and New World bishops. These bishops in turn consecrated bishops for their respective countries, causing other episcopal lineages to die out. As
102-439: A hernia about three to four months after his election but also suffered from acute attacks of pain due to kidney stones . But Innocent XIII did himself no favors with his excessive appetite and no exercise. He also suffered from lethargy that caused him to sleep a great deal. In mid-February 1724, his suffering grew worse to the point that he could no longer get up, suffering from an accumulation of water in his lower limbs in what
136-539: A kindly disposition secured his election, which occurred the morning of 8 May 1721. He chose the name of Innocent XIII in honour of Pope Innocent III . On the following 18 May, he was solemnly crowned by the protodeacon , Cardinal Benedetto Pamphili . His pontificate was prosperous, but comparatively uneventful. He held two consistories that saw three new cardinals elevated on 16 June 1721 and 16 July 1721. The Chinese Rites controversy that started under his predecessor continued during his reign. Innocent XIII prohibited
170-569: A local mystic, Serafina of God . Upon the death of Pope Innocent XIII in 1724, a conclave was convoked to elect a successor. There were four divisions in the College of Cardinals and there were no clear candidates. At the conclave, Orsini was considered one of the papabili . Orsini was then proposed to be elected because he led a modest, austere life, and was considered to be a pastor. His lack of political expertise suggested that he would be neutral and malleable. Orsini refused to be elected prior to
204-479: A result, more than 90% of present-day bishops trace their episcopal lineage through him to Cardinal Rebiba. With the papal bull Pretiosus , dated 26 May 1727, Benedict XIII granted to all Dominicans major houses of study and in particular to the Roman College of St. Thomas, the future Pontifical University of Saint Thomas Aquinas Angelicum the right of conferring academic degrees in theology to students outside
238-572: The Barbary pirates . Innocent XIII, like his predecessor, showed much favour to James Francis Edward Stuart , the "Old Pretender" to the British throne and liberally supported him. The pope's cousin, Francesco Maria Conti, from Siena , became chamberlain of James' little court in the Roman Muti Palace . Innocent XIII held two consistories in which he named three cardinals. One of those new cardinals
272-526: The Jesuits from prosecuting their mission in China , and ordered that no new members should be received into the order. This indication of his sympathies encouraged some French bishops to approach him with a petition for the recall of the papal bull Unigenitus by which Jansenism had been condemned; the request, however, was peremptorily denied. The Pope also assisted Hospitaller Malta in its struggles against
306-682: The Jesuits in Rome at the Collegio Romano and then later at La Sapienza University . After he received his doctorate in canon law and civil law, he was ordained to the priesthood . Conti also served as the Referendary of the Apostolic Signatura in 1691, later to be appointed as the Governor of Ascoli until 1692. Conti was also the Governor of Campagna and Marittima from 1692 to 1693 and
340-442: The last rites , made his profession of faith, and died on 7 March 1724, at the age of 68. His pontificate was unremarkable, given that he was hampered by physical suffering. He was interred in the grotto at Saint Peter's Basilica . Innocent XIII might have lived a few years longer had he been more temperate in eating and drinking, and had his doctors been less ignorant. He was an equitable, honest ruler, always kept his word, in fact
374-521: The Church in Rome . In the process towards sainthood, his cause for canonization opened in 1755, but it was closed shortly afterwards. It was reopened on 21 February 1931, but it was closed once again in 1940. It was opened once more on 17 January 2004, with the official process commencing in 2012 and concluding later in 2017. He now has the posthumous title of Servant of God . He was born in Gravina in Puglia ,
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#1732876442432408-624: The Governor of Viterbo from 1693 to 1695. Pope Innocent XII selected Conti as the Titular Archbishop of Tarsus on 13 June 1695 and he received his episcopal consecration on 16 June 1695 in Rome. Conti was also the nuncio to both Switzerland and Portugal . On 7 June 1706, Conti was elevated to the cardinalate under Pope Clement XI (1700–21) and was made the Cardinal-Priest of Santi Quirico e Giulitta . His appointment came about as
442-464: The Order. Benedict XIII was suddenly attacked by a catarrh , contracted while officiating at the funeral service of Cardinal Marco Antonio Ansidei, of which he died on 21 February 1730 at the age of 81. His death was made public to the people the next day. The pope was of middling size; his countenance was mild, his nose aquiline and he had a broad forehead. At the autopsy, it was discovered that his heart
476-793: The authenticity of Augustine's bones, which had been discovered in 1695 in the Basilica San Pietro in Ciel d'Oro . The government of the Papal States was effectively held in Benedict XIII's stead by Cardinal Niccolò Coscia , who had been the pope's secretary when he was archbishop of Benevento, and who committed a long series of financial abuses to his own advantage, causing the ruin of the Papal treasury. Coscia and his associates effectively isolated Benedict from other advisors. According to Montesquieu , "All
510-570: The eldest of six sons of Ferdinando III Orsini, duke of Gravina , and Giovanna Frangipani della Tolfa, from Toritto . A member of the Orsini of Rome, he was the fifth and last member of that family to become Pope. At the age of eighteen he resigned his inheritance and entered the Dominican Order where he received the name of "Vincenzo Maria". He was ordained to the priesthood in February 1671. Through
544-407: The final ballot, explaining that he was unworthy of it. Eventually he was persuaded to accept by Agustín Pipia , Master of the Order of Preachers and on 29 May 1724, Orsini was elected pontiff. He chose the regnal name of "Benedict XIII" in honour of Pope Benedict XI because he was also of the Dominican Order . On 4 June 1724, he was crowned by Benedetto Pamphili , the cardinal protodeacon. On
578-520: The following 24 September, he took possession of the Basilica of St. John Lateran . Not a man of worldly matters, Benedict XIII made an effort to maintain his monastic lifestyle. He endeavoured to put a stop to the decadent lifestyles of the Italian priesthood and of the cardinalate . He also abolished the lottery in Rome and the Papal States, which only served to profit the neighboring states that maintained
612-507: The hernia. An attempted reduction was only partially successful, resulting in a strangulated hernia, while the pope experienced great pain in the night between 5 and 6 March. However, a serious inflammation quickly set in, causing the pope to contract a fever. Innocent XIII, now very well aware of his state of health, immediately asked for the Viaticum , receiving it on 6 March as his family gathered to see him. However, there had been attempts to get
646-407: The influence of his family, he was named, by Pope Clement X , Cardinal-Priest of San Sisto on 22 February 1672 (allegedly against his will). He also lectured in philosophy at Brescia. Later he was bishop of Manfredonia , bishop of Cesena and then archbishop of Benevento . After an earthquake in 1688 and another in 1702, he organized relief efforts for the victims. He remained a close friend of
680-653: The money of Rome goes to Benevento... as the Beneventani direct [Benedict's] weakness". In foreign relations, he struggled with both John V of Portugal and the Jansenists in France. Upon election, on 4 June 1724, Benedict XIII published the Bulls of Canonization for Saints previously celebrated: Benedict XIII beatified Through the process of equipollent canonization Benedict XIII canonized The Pope declared Peter Chrysologus
714-718: The official opening of that process was held in the Basilica of Saint John Lateran , presided by Agostino Vallini . The diocesan phase for the beatification process concluded on 24 February 2017 at the Basilica of Saint John Lateran with Vallini celebrating the conclusion of the inquest. He now has the posthumous title of Servant of God . The current postulator of the cause is the Dominican priest Francesco Maria Ricci. Pope Innocent XIII Pope Innocent XIII ( Latin : Innocentius XIII ; Italian : Innocenzo XIII ; 13 May 1655 – 7 March 1724), born as Michelangelo dei Conti ,
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#1732876442432748-576: The public lottery. A man fond above all of asceticism and religious celebrations, he built several hospitals, but according to Cardinal Prospero Lambertini (later Pope Benedict XIV ), "did not have any idea about how to rule". In 1727, he inaugurated the famous Spanish Steps and founded the University of Camerino . In 1728, Benedict's intervention settled a controversy regarding the relics of Augustine of Hippo which erupted in Pavia . He ultimately confirmed
782-542: The replacement of Gabriele Filippucci who resigned the cardinalate. He would receive his titular church on 23 February 1711. From 1697 to 1710 he acted as papal nuncio to the Kingdom of Portugal , where he is believed to have formed those unfavourable impressions of the Jesuits which afterwards influenced his conduct towards them. While in Portugal, he was witness to Father Bartolomeu de Gusmão 's early aerostat experiments. He
816-656: The same name. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Benedict_XIII&oldid=1132354331 " Category : Human name disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Pope Benedict XIII Pope Benedict XIII ( Latin : Benedictus XIII ; Italian : Benedetto XIII ; 2 February 1649 – 21 February 1730), born Pietro Francesco Orsini and later called Vincenzo Maria Orsini ,
850-554: Was also transferred to Osimo as its archbishop in 1709 and was later translated one last time to Viterbo e Toscanella in 1712. He resigned his position in his diocese due to illness in 1719. After the death of Pope Clement XI in 1721, a conclave was called to choose a new pope. It took 75 ballots just to reach a decision and choose Conti as the successor of Clement XI. After all candidates seemed to slip, support turned to Conti. The curial factions also turned their attention to him. His high reputation for ability, learning, purity, and
884-415: Was an indication of severe kidney problems. This led to his doctors fearing that he could develop congestive heart failure . On 3 March, despite his failing health, Innocent XIII set to work signing documents, though he suffered poor sleep that night and had a better day on 4 March. In the morning on 5 March, one of the papal doctors fed Innocent XIII a purgative , however, this backfired and only aggravated
918-597: Was born on 13 May 1655 in Poli , near Rome as the son of Carlo II, Duke of Poli, and Isabella d'Monti. Like Pope Innocent III (1198–1216), Pope Gregory IX (1227–1241) and Pope Alexander IV (1254–1261), he was a member of the aristocratic landowning family of the Conti, who held the titles of counts and dukes of Segni. He included the family shield in his pontifical coats of arms . Conti commenced his studies in Ancona and then with
952-541: Was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 29 May 1724 to his death in February 1730. A Dominican friar, Orsini focused on his religious responsibilities as bishop rather than on papal administration. Orsini's lack of political expertise led him to increasingly rely on an unscrupulous secretary (Cardinal Niccolò Coscia ) whose financial abuses ruined the papal treasury, causing great damage to
986-655: Was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 8 May 1721 to his death in March 1724. He is the most recent pope to date to take the pontifical name of "Innocent" upon his election. Pope Innocent XIII was reform-oriented, and he imposed new standards of frugality, abolishing excessive spending. He took steps to end the practice of nepotism by issuing a decree which forbade his successors from granting land, offices or income to any relatives – something opposed by many cardinals who hoped that they might become pope and benefit their families. Michelangelo dei Conti
1020-494: Was his own brother, Bernardo Maria. Innocent XIII beatified three individuals during his pontificate: John of Nepomuk (31 May 1721), Dalmazio Moner (13 August 1721), and Andrea dei Conti (11 December 1723). On 25 April 1722, he named Saint Isidore of Seville as a Doctor of the Church . Innocent XIII fell ill in 1724. He was tormented by a hernia of which he spoke to nobody but his valet. At one point, it had burst and caused inflammation and fever. Innocent XIII asked for
1054-531: Was inclined to do more than he had promised. He proved grateful to those who had befriended him, a rare quality indeed. He gave few audiences and compared to Clement XI showed little interest in the Pretender. I will have reliable correspondents in the coming conclave who will warn me in good time if any intrigues are afoot which might prejudice the King's interests by favouring the Pretender's. Innocent XIII had suffered from
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1088-447: Was later restored and took part in the conclaves of 1730 and 1740 . Pope Benedict XIV would later say of Benedict XIII: "We respectfully love that pontiff who backed his carriage rather than dispute the passage with a cartman." On that occasion, Benedict XIII had exclaimed to his coachman: "Non ci far impicci" – "Do not involve us in a quarrel." On the other hand, this anonymous satirical comment on Benedict XIII's death
1122-646: Was posted at the Pasquino : The process for his beatification was opened in Tortona in 1755 under Pope Benedict XIV but it did not at all advance and so was stalled. On 21 February 1931, also in Tortona, the process was revitalized but the presumed doubts about the morality of the late pontiff's Cardinal Secretary of State , Niccolò Coscia , caused its closing in 1940. The process was reopened on 17 January 2004. The official diocesan process commenced in Rome in early 2012 and
1156-512: Was remarkably large. His funeral ceremonies were performed at the Vatican, whence he was removed to the Santa Maria sopra Minerva where he was buried in a tomb completed by Pietro Bracci and others. After the 1730 papal conclave elevated Pope Clement XII to the pontificate, Clement promptly excommunicated Benedict XIII's corrupt deputy, Cardinal Coscia. Coscia fled Rome and his punishment, but
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