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106-552: Lerner was born and raised in Topeka, Kansas , which figures in each of his books of poetry. His mother is the clinical psychologist Harriet Lerner . He is a 1997 graduate of Topeka High School , where he participated in debate and forensics , winning the 1997 National Forensic League National Tournament in International Extemporaneous Speaking. At Brown University he studied with poet C. D. Wright and earned

212-459: A B.A. in political theory and an MFA in poetry. Lerner was awarded the Hayden Carruth prize for his cycle of 52 sonnets , The Lichtenberg Figures . In 2004 Library Journal named it one of the year's 12 best books of poetry. In 2003 Lerner traveled on a Fulbright Scholarship to Madrid, Spain, where he wrote his second book of poetry, Angle of Yaw , which was published in 2006. It

318-508: A Brooklyn College Foundation Presidential Scholarship of up to $ 4,000 for every year of their undergraduate study at Brooklyn College and a laptop computer. The Coordinated Honors Engineering Program offers a course of study equivalent to the first two years at any engineering school. Students who maintain the required academic level are guaranteed transfer to one of the three coordinating schools— New York University Tandon School of Engineering , City College of New York School of Engineering, and

424-732: A Brooklyn College Foundation Presidential Scholarship that provides full tuition for their two years of full-time undergraduate study in the Coordinated Engineering Program. As members of the Honors Academy, Engineering Honors students take advantage of individual advising, faculty consultation, and early registration. In the Commons they find study facilities, computer access, academic, scholarship, internship, and career opportunities, and, above all, intellectual stimulation among other talented students like themselves. Students applying to

530-514: A chair of the Puerto Rican Studies Department different from that of the person selected by a faculty search committee. Defying a judge's temporary court order to leave the building, the protesters were supported at a rallies outside Boylan Hall by many student groups and the alumni association, but Kneller refused to rescind his controversial appointment. Protests flared up again in the spring 1975 semester with another takeover of

636-476: A female householder with no husband present, 4.8% had a male householder with no wife present, and 43.1% were not families. About 35.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12% had someone living alone who was 65 or older. The average household size was 2.29, and the average family size was 2.99. The city's age distribution was 24.4% under age 18, 9.8% from 18 to 24; 26.1% from 25 to 44, 25.4% from 45 to 64, and 14.3% were 65 or older. The median age in

742-485: A finalist for the 2020 Pulitzer Prize for Fiction . In 2023, Lerner published his fourth full-length book of poetry, both verse and prose poems, The Lights. In The New York Times, Srikanth Reddy wrote: "It takes a poet to invent characters who argue that 'the voice must be sung into existence.' It takes a novelist to honor so many perspectives, histories and intimacies in one book..The poet/novelist of The Lights enlarges Baudelaire’s experiments in prose poetry into

848-453: A multistory dream house for contemporary American readers." In The New Yorker, Kamran Javadizadeh called The Lights "world-bridging poetry", "uncannily beautiful", and "exceedingly lovely". In 2008 Lerner began editing poetry for Critical Quarterly , a British scholarly publication. In 2016 he became the first poetry editor at Harper's . He has taught at California College of the Arts and

954-662: A new building, Koppelman Hall, on property adjacent to the 26-acre campus bought in 2011. This increased the campus size to 35 acres. For four straight years, starting in 2018, U.S. News & World Report named Brooklyn College the most ethnically diverse college in the North Region. Brooklyn College has five schools: Beginning in 1981, the college instituted a group of classes that all undergraduates were required to take, called "Core Studies". The classes were: Classical Origins of Western Culture, Introduction to Art, Introduction to Music, People, Power, and Politics, The Shaping of

1060-512: A newly-appointed dean of administration, Dante Negro, said he was not bothered by the students' more casual dress "that makes it hard to distinguish between the sexes," calling it "a passing fad." On October 21, 1967, a front-page story in The New York Times reported that the college was virtually closed down by a strike of thousands of students angered by police action against antiwar demonstrators protesting U.S. Navy recruiters earlier in

1166-608: A population of 233,870 in the 2010 census . The city, laid out in 1854, was one of the Free-State towns founded by Eastern antislavery men immediately after the passage of the Kansas–Nebraska Bill . In 1857, Topeka was chartered as a city. The city is well known for the landmark U.S. Supreme Court case Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka , which overturned Plessy v. Ferguson and declared racial segregation in public schools to be unconstitutional. The name "Topeka"

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1272-670: A premonition, a comet from the future." Excerpts of Lerner's second novel, 10:04 , won the Terry Southern Prize from The Paris Review . Writing in the Los Angeles Review of Books , Maggie Nelson called 10:04 a "near perfect piece of literature." The New York Times Book Review called Lerner's 2019 novel The Topeka School "a high-water mark in recent American fiction." Giles Harvey, in The New York Times Magazine , called it "the best book yet by

1378-490: A rigorous selection process, with a maximum of 15 students selected every year. Each student selected to the program receives a Brooklyn College Presidential Scholarship. B.A.–M.D. students must engage in community service for three years, beginning in their lower sophomore semester. During one summer of their undergraduate studies, students are required to volunteer in a clinical setting where they are involved in direct patient care . B.A.–M.D. students are encouraged to major in

1484-563: A severe budget crunch in the 1988-1989 school year due to reductions in state financing; this resulted in fewer courses, larger classes, no new faculty and staff hirings, supply shortages, and deferral of maintenance of buildings and grounds. Vernon Lattin was the seventh president of Brooklyn College, from 1992 to 2000. During Lattin's tenure, Brooklyn College began a complete overhaul of campus buildings and vastly improved computer and Internet access for students and faculty. The college returned to intercollegiate sports competition and

1590-467: A stringent entrance exam. In 1932, architect Randolph Evans drafted a plan for the campus on a substantial plot that his employer owned in Brooklyn's Midwood section. Evans sketched a Georgian campus facing a central quadrangle , and anchored by a library building with a tower. Evans presented the sketches to the college's then president, Dr. William A. Boylan , who approved the layout. The land

1696-510: A strong general education, and was the only public institution among the top five. As of 1989, Brooklyn College ranked 11th in the US, and ahead of six of the eight Ivy League universities, by number of graduates who had acquired doctoral degrees. At Brooklyn College being called “the poor man’s Harvard,” President Hess quipped, “I like to think of Harvard as the rich man’s Brooklyn College.” Even as Brooklyn College rebounded academically, it suffered

1802-718: A two-year M.F.A. in Cinema Arts in the discipline of Producing , and a three-year M.F.A in Cinema Arts with five disciplines of Cinematography , Directing , Post-production , Screenwriting , and Digital Arts and Visual Effects. The school opened in the fall of 2015. The first graduating class was in Spring 2018. U.S. News & World Report ranked the school tied for 62nd overall as a Regional college (North region), 6th in "Top Performers on Social Mobility", 15th in "Top Public Schools", and tied for 33rd in "Best Colleges for Veterans" for 2021. Brooklyn College athletic teams are nicknamed

1908-497: A verb, to avoid the trademark becoming genericized . Topeka is in north east Kansas at the intersection of I-70 and U.S. Highway 75 . It is the origin of I-335 which is a portion of the Kansas Turnpike running from Topeka to Emporia, Kansas . Topeka is also on U.S. Highway 24 (about 50 miles [80 km] east of Manhattan, Kansas ) and U.S. Highway 40 (about 30 miles [48 km] west of Lawrence, Kansas ). US 40

2014-568: Is October 15 through April 17. The area receives about 36.53 inches (928 mm) of precipitation during a typical year, with the largest share being received in May and June—the April through June period averages 32.8 days of measurable precipitation. Generally, the spring and summer have the most rainfall, with autumn and winter being fairly dry. During a typical year, the total amount of precipitation may vary from 25 to 47 inches (640 to 1,190 mm). Much of

2120-606: Is a Kansa-Osage word that means "place where we dig potatoes", or "a good place to dig potatoes". As a placename, Topeka was first recorded in 1826 as the Kansa name for what is now called the Kansas River . Topeka's founders chose the name in 1855 because it "was novel, of Indian origin, and euphonious of sound". Mixed-heritage Kansa Native American Joseph James , called Jojim, is credited with suggesting Topeka's name. Along with Cheyenne, Wyoming and Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, Topeka

2226-611: Is a public university in Brooklyn in New York City , United States. It is part of the City University of New York system and as of 2019 enrolls over 17,000 undergraduate and over 2,800 graduate students on a 35-acre (14 ha) campus in the Midwood and Flatbush sections of Brooklyn. New York City's first public coeducational liberal arts college , the college was formed in 1930 by

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2332-498: Is coincident with I-70 west from Topeka. According to the United States Census Bureau , the city has a total area of 61.47 sq mi (159.21 km ), of which 1.30 sq mi (3.37 km ) are covered by water. Topeka has a humid continental climate ( Köppen climate classification Dfa ) or a subtropical climate (Köppen Cfa ), with hot, somewhat humid summers and cool to cold, fairly dry winters, and

2438-701: Is in USDA plant hardiness zone 6a. Over the course of a year, the monthly daily average temperature ranges from 30.2 °F (−1.0 °C) in January to 79.8 °F (26.6 °C) in July. The maximum temperature reaches 90 °F (32 °C) an average of 49.6 afternoons per year and reaches 100 °F (38 °C) an average of 6.0 afternoons per year. The minimum temperature falls below 0 °F (−18 °C) an average of 2.7 mornings per year, and 21.7 afternoons per year stay below freezing. The average window for freezing temperatures

2544-581: Is large, and the city is home to nine Roman Catholic parishes, five of which feature elementary schools. Grace Cathedral of the Episcopal Diocese of Kansas is a large Gothic Revival structure in the city. Topeka also has a claim in the history of the Baháʼí Faith in Kansas. Not only does the city have the oldest continuous Baháʼí community in Kansas (beginning in 1906), but the community also has roots to

2650-577: Is now 427-429 S. Kansas Avenue. Besides being used as the Kansas statehouse from 1863 to 1869, Constitution Hall is the site where antislavery settlers convened in 1855 to write the first of four state constitutions, making it the "Free State Capitol". The National Park Service recognizes Constitution Hall in Topeka as headquarters in the operation of the Lane Trail to Freedom on the Underground Railroad ,

2756-624: Is one of three state capitals with an indigenous name in a state with an indigenous name. For many millennia , Native Americans inhabited the Great Plains of North America. From the 16th to the mid-18th centuries, the Kingdom of France laid claim to large parts of North America. In 1762, late in the French and Indian War , France secretly ceded Louisiana west of the Mississippi River to Spain in

2862-484: Is the capital city of the U.S. state of Kansas and the county seat of Shawnee County . It is along the Kansas River in the central part of Shawnee County, in northeast Kansas, in the Central United States . As of the 2020 census , the population of the city was 126,587. The Topeka metropolitan statistical area , which includes Shawnee, Jackson , Jefferson , Osage , and Wabaunsee Counties, had

2968-543: Is under way to continue to redevelop areas along the Kansas River, which runs west to east through Topeka. In the Kansas River Corridor through the center of town, downtown Topeka has experienced apartment and condominium loft development, and façade and streetscape improvements. On March 1, 2010, Topeka Mayor Bill Bunten issued a proclamation calling for Topeka to be known for the month of March as "Google, Kansas,

3074-626: The George Gershwin . Gershwin Hall was demolished and replaced by The Leonard & Claire Tow Center for the Performing Arts, for which ground was broken in 2011. The performing arts center was named for alumni Leonard and Claire Tow, who gifted $ 10 million to the college. Other changes to the original design include the demolition of Plaza Building, due to its inefficient use of space, poor ventilation, and significant maintenance costs. To replace

3180-541: The Oregon Trail . About 60 miles (97 km) west of Kansas City, Missouri , three half- Kansas Indian sisters married to the French-Canadian Pappan brothers established a ferry service allowing travelers to cross the Kansas River at what is now Topeka. During the 1840s and into the 1850s, travelers could reliably find a way across the river, but little else was in the area. In the early 1850s, traffic along

3286-505: The Treaty of Fontainebleau . In 1800, Spain returned Louisiana to France. In 1803, the United States purchased the territory , which included most of the land of modern Kansas , from France for $ 15 million (~$ 371 million in 2023). In the 1840s, wagon trains made their way west from Independence, Missouri , on a journey of 2,000 miles (3,000 km), following what came to be known as

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3392-548: The University of Pittsburgh , and in 2010 joined the faculty of the MFA program at Brooklyn College . He was an original signatory of the manifesto "Refusing Complicity in Israel's Literary Institutions", which endorses a boycott of Israeli cultural institutions, including publishers and literary festivals. Topeka, Kansas Topeka ( / t ə ˈ p iː k ə / tə- PEE -kə )

3498-833: The humanities or social sciences . The Scholars Program is home to a small number of students with strong writing ability and academic record. Being the oldest honors program in the CUNY system, The Scholars Program has served as a model for many other honors programs nationwide. It was established in 1960 and is an interdisciplinary liberal arts program. The program offers honors-level Core courses and seminars as well as small, personalized classes. Upon graduation from Brooklyn College, many Scholars continue their education in competitive programs at top-ranked universities like Princeton, Yale, and New York University. The program accepts incoming freshmen in addition to matriculated sophomores and transfer students (up to 48 credits). Once admitted, they receive

3604-412: The 1966 tornado and has sustained steady economic growth. Washburn University, which lost several historic buildings, received financial support from the community and alumni to rebuild many school facilities. Today, university facilities offer more than one million square feet of modern academic and support space. In 1974, Forbes Air Force Base closed and more than 10,000 people left Topeka, influencing

3710-402: The 1991–92 academic year. Men's sports include basketball, cheerleading, cross country, soccer, swimming & diving, tennis and volleyball; while women's sports include basketball, cheerleading, cross country, soccer, softball, swimming & diving, tennis and volleyball. Their basketball program would find infamy for being the first reported incident of a potential bribe to fix a game against

3816-542: The 2003 edition of The Best 345 Colleges , the Princeton Review named Brooklyn College as the most beautiful campus in the country and ranked it fifth in the nation for "Best Academic Bang for the Buck". Karen L. Gould was named the ninth president of Brooklyn College in 2009. Among her accomplishments were creating a new graduate film school and four new academic schools, new athletic fields, and increasing enrollment in

3922-521: The 54,092 households, 24.1% had children under the age of 18; 38.4% were married couples living together; 34.9% had a female householder with no husband present. 37.3% of households consisted of individuals and 15.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.2 and the average family size was 3.0. 22.7% of the population was under the age of 18, 9.3% from 18 to 24, 25.3% from 25 to 44, 24.0% from 45 to 64, and 18.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age

4028-710: The Bulldogs. The college is a member at the Division III level of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA); primarily competing in the City University of New York Athletic Conference (CUNYAC) since the 1996–97 academic year (which they also competed in a previous stint from 1978–79 to 1979–80). The Bulldogs previously competed in the East Coast Conference at the Division I level during

4134-575: The College of Staten Island Engineering Science Program—to complete their bachelor's degree in engineering. Coordinating Engineering students have also transferred to the New York Institute of Technology , Stony Brook University , University of Wisconsin , University of Michigan , Cooper Union , and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology . Students admitted as incoming First-Year receive

4240-808: The Engineering Honors Program will also be considered for the Scholars Program. Barry R. Feirstein Graduate School of Cinema is the first public graduate film school in New York City. It is the only film school in America to have its own classroom on a film lot with the collaboration of Steiner Studios , the largest soundstage on the East Coast. The program offers a two-year M.A. in Cinema Studies,

4346-698: The Midwood campus as the Brooklyn College's only campus. In the fall of 1976, with some 30,000 undergraduates enrolled, the college charged tuition for the first time. In January 1978, the college's Faculty Council approved a vote of "no confidence" in President Kneller on Wednesday and recommended to the Board of Higher Education that he be replaced. Brooklyn College's sixth president was Robert Hess , who served from 1979 to 1992. Hess initiated major changes in

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4452-633: The Modern World, Introduction to Mathematical Reasoning and Computer Programming, Landmarks of Literature, Chemistry, Physics, Biology, Geology, Studies in African, Asian, and Latin American Cultures, and Knowledge, Existence and Values. In 2006, the Core Curriculum was revamped, and the 13 required courses were replaced with 15 courses in 3 disciplines, from which students were required to take 11. In

4558-502: The Municipal University of Akron (now just the University of Akron ) on January 29, 1945, leading to five arrests against Brooklyn College's players in question. Another former basketball player of theirs, a previous captain named David Budin, would later be involved as a part of the 1961 NCAA University Division men's basketball gambling scandal as a late addition for Jack Molinas ' rigging group in question. The football field

4664-612: The Oregon Trail was supplemented by trade on a new military road stretching from Fort Leavenworth through Topeka to the newly established Fort Riley . In 1854, after completion of the first cabin, nine men established the Topeka Town Association. The group included Cyrus K. Holliday , an "idea man", who became mayor of Topeka and founder of the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railroad . Soon, steamboats were regularly docking at

4770-710: The Plaza Building, the college constructed West Quad Center, designed by the notable Uruguayan architect Rafael Viñoly . The new building contains classroom space, offices, gymnasiums and a swimming pool. It houses the offices of Registration, Admissions, Financial Aid, and the Department of Physical Education and Exercise Science. The grounds contain a quadrangle with grassy areas and trees. New façades are being constructed on Roosevelt and James halls where they once connected with Plaza Building. The 2009–10 CUNYAC championship men's basketball team now plays its home games in

4876-532: The Task Force to Overcome Racism in Topeka formed to address the problem in a more organized way. On June 8, 1966, Topeka was struck by a tornado rated F5 on the Fujita scale . It started on the southwest side of town, moving northeast, passing over a local landmark named Burnett's Mound. According to a local Indian legend, this mound was thought to protect the city from tornadoes if left undisturbed. A few years prior to

4982-584: The Topeka landing, depositing meat , lumber , and flour and returning eastward with potatoes , corn , and wheat . By the late 1860s, Topeka had become a commercial hub that offered many Victorian era comforts. Topeka was a bastion for the free-state movement during the problems in Kansas Territory between abolitionist and proslavery settlers (the latter of whom controlled the legal government based out of Lecompton ). After southern forces barricaded Topeka in 1856, Topeka's leaders took actions to defend

5088-448: The Topeka tornado stands as one of the most costly on record. It also helped bring to prominence future CBS and A&E broadcaster Bill Kurtis , who became well known for his televised admonition to "...take cover, for God's sake, take cover!" on WIBW-TV during the tornado. (The city is home of a National Weather Service Forecast Office that serves 23 counties in north-central, northeast, and east-central Kansas). Topeka recovered from

5194-467: The West Quad Center. This followed a major $ 70 million library renovation completed in 2003 that saw the library moved to a temporary home while construction took place. The Brooklyn College library is now located in its original location in a completely renovated and expanded LaGuardia Hall. From 2000 to 2009 when he retired, Christoph M. Kimmich was the eighth president of Brooklyn College. In

5300-836: The arts include Academy , Emmy , and Tony Award –winning director, writer, and actor Mel Brooks (born Melvin Kaminsky; 1946), Golden Globe Award –winning actor James Franco (M.F.A. 2009), Emmy Award –winning actor Jimmy Smits (B.A. 1980), Academy Award–winning screenwriter Frank Tarloff (B.A.), Academy Award-nominated filmmakers Paul Mazursky (B.A. 1952) and Oren Moverman (B.A. 1992), Sopranos stars Steve Schirripa (B.A. 1980) and Dominic Chianese (B.A. 1961), director Joel Zwick (1962; M.A. 1968), Grammy Award winner Peter Nero (born Bernard Nierow; B.A. 1956), O. Henry Award –winning author Irwin Shaw (born Irwin Shamforoff; B.A. 1934); and

5406-751: The capital city of fiber optics ". The name change came from Ryan Gigous, who wanted to "re-brand" the city with a simple gesture. This was to help "support continuing efforts to bring Google's fiber experiment " to Topeka, though it was not a legal name change. Lawyers advised the city council and mayor against an official name change. Google jokingly announced it would change its name to Topeka to "honor that moving gesture" on April 1, 2010 ( April Fools' Day ) and changed its home page to say Topeka. In its official blog, Google announced this change thus affected all of its services as well as its culture, e.g. "Googlers" to "Topekans", "Project Virgle" to "Project Vireka", and proper usage of "Topeka" as an adjective and not

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5512-496: The cases. Shawnee County District Attorney Chad Taylor said the DA "would no longer prosecute misdemeanors committed in Topeka, including domestic battery, because his office could no longer do so after county commissioners cut his budget by 10%". The next day, Taylor said his office would "commence the review and filing of misdemeanors decriminalized by the City of Topeka". The same day, 17% of

5618-474: The chief slave escape passage and free-trade road. Although the drought of 1860 and the ensuing period of the Civil War slowed the growth of Topeka and the state, Topeka kept pace with the revival and period of growth Kansas enjoyed from the close of the war in 1865 until 1870. In the 1870s, many former slaves, known as Exodusters, settled on the east side of Lincoln Street between Munson and 12th Streets. The area

5724-485: The citizens again voted to extend the quarter-cent sales tax, this time for the economic development of Topeka and Shawnee County. In August, 2004, Shawnee County citizens voted to repeal the 2000 quarter-cent sales tax and replace it with a 12-year, half-cent sales tax designated for economic development, roads, and bridges. Each year, the sales tax provides $ 5 million designated for business development and job creation incentives, and $ 9 million for roads and bridges. Planning

5830-530: The city beginning in 1911. Monroe Elementary, a segregated school that figured in the historic Brown v. Board of Education decision, through the efforts of the Brown Foundation working with the Kansas Congressional delegation place in the early 1990s, is now Brown v. Board of Education National Historic Site. The Brown Foundation is largely responsible for the content of the interpretive exhibits at

5936-582: The city was 36 years. The city's gender makeup was 47.8% male and 52.2% female. As of the 2000 census , 122,377 people, 52,190 households, and 30,687 families were residing in the city. The population density was 2,185.0 inhabitants per square mile (843.6/km ). There were 56,435 housing units at an average density of 1,007.6 per square mile (389.0/km ). The city's racial makeup was 78.5% White , 11.7% African American , 1.31% Native American , 1.09% Asian , 4.10% from other races, and 3.26% from two or more races . Hispanics or Latinos of any race were 8.9% of

6042-464: The city's growth patterns for years to come. During the 1980s, Topeka citizens voted to build a new airport and convention center and to change the form of city government. West Ridge Mall opened in 1988, replacing the White Lakes Mall , which opened in 1964. In 1989, Topeka became a motorsports mecca with the opening of Heartland Park Topeka . The Topeka Performing Arts Center opened in 1991. In

6148-400: The college chess team won U.S. and international championships. Lattin was also president at the time of the first individual million-dollar donation to the Brooklyn College Foundation. Brooklyn College's campus leafy East Quad looks much like it did when it was originally constructed. The campus also serves as home to BCBC/ Brooklyn College Presents complex and its four theaters, including

6254-505: The college curriculum, mandating a standard core for all students. Implementation of the new curriculum was aided by a large grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities. By 1984, in a national report's otherwise gloomy assessment of humanities education, Brooklyn College was singled out as "a bright spot" among American universities for stressing the study of the humanities. In a 1988 survey of thousands of American college deans, Brooklyn College ranked 5th in providing students with

6360-486: The college's students were involved in campus protests involving racial issues. In May 1968, Brooklyn College news again made the front page of The New York Times when police broke up a 16-hour sit-in at the registrar's office to demand that more Black and Puerto Rican students be admitted to the school. At trial, a Black Brooklyn judge reacted angrily when one student said they had been reacting to racism and sentenced him and 32 other white students to five days in jail for

6466-438: The early 1990s, the city experienced business growth with Reser's Fine Foods locating in Topeka and expansions for Santa Fe and Hill's Pet Nutrition. During the 1990s, voters approved bond issues for public school improvements, including magnet schools, technology, air conditioning, classrooms, and a sports complex. Voters also approved a quarter-cent sales tax for a new law-enforcement center, and in 1996, approved an extension of

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6572-455: The east wing, and then the west wing, and finally the central building, using Kansas limestone . In fall 1864, a stockade fort, later named Fort Simple , was built in the intersection of 6th and Kansas Avenues to protect Topeka, should Confederate forces then in Missouri decide to attack the city. It was abandoned by April 1865 and demolished in April 1867. State officers first used the state capitol in 1869, moving from Constitution Hall , what

6678-429: The employees in the district attorney's office were announced to be laid off. Topeka is sometimes cited as the home of Pentecostalism , as it was the site of Charles Fox Parham 's Bethel Bible College , where glossolalia was first claimed as the evidence of a spiritual experience referred to as the baptism of the Holy Spirit in 1901. It is also the home of Reverend Charles Sheldon , author of In His Steps , and

6784-482: The fall 1937 semester. In the 1940s, Boylan, Ingersoll, Roosevelt and La Guardia each became namesake of a campus building. During the tenure of its second president, Harry Gideonse , from 1939 to 1966, Brooklyn College ranked high nationally in number of alumni with doctorate degrees. As academics fled Nazi Germany , nearly a third of refugee historians who were female would at some point work at Brooklyn College. In 1944, sociologist Marion Vera Cuthbert became

6890-411: The fall of 2013, Brooklyn College embarked on CUNY's new general education alternative, the Pathways curriculum, consisting of three components: Required Core (four courses), Flexible Core (six courses) and College Option (four courses)—totaling 42 credits. Brooklyn College offers over a hundred majors varying from the visual arts to Women's Studies. The Division of Graduate Studies at Brooklyn College

6996-400: The fight for equality for gays and lesbians". They have sometimes successfully brought lawsuits against the city of Topeka. Directly across the street from them is the Equality House , a pro-LGBT home where volunteers of Planting Peace can stay. It is painted in rainbow colors and serves as a home for social workers caring for the LGBT+ community. Brooklyn College Brooklyn College

7102-413: The first Baháʼí community in Kansas, in Enterprise, in 1897. This was the second Baháʼí community in the Western Hemisphere. Topeka is home of the Westboro Baptist Church , a hate group according to the Southern Poverty Law Center . The homophobic church has garnered worldwide media attention for picketing the funerals of U.S. servicemen and women for what church members claim as "necessary to combat

7208-422: The first permanent black faculty member appointed at any of the New York municipal colleges. And in 1956, with John Hope Franklin joining, Brooklyn College became the first "white" college to hire on a permanent basis a historian who was black. In 1959, still tuition-free, about 8,000 undergraduates were enrolled. In 1962, the college joined six other colleges to form the City University of New York , creating

7314-414: The free-state town from invasion. A militia was organized and stone fortifications were built on Quincy Street. The fortifications seemed to consist of low-lying earthwork levies strengthened by the presence of at least one cannon. The militia manned the fortifications until at least September 1856, when the siege around the town was lifted. After a decade of abolitionist and pro-slavery conflict that gave

7420-406: The historic site. The National Historic Site was opened by President George W. Bush on May 17, 2004. Topeka has struggled with the burden of racial discrimination even after Brown . New lawsuits attempted unsuccessfully to force suburban school districts that ring the city to participate in racial integration with the inner-city district. In the late 1980s, a group of citizens calling themselves

7526-518: The home of Oliver Brown, the named plaintiff in Brown v. Board of Education , which was the case responsible for eliminating the standard of "separate but equal", and requiring racial integration in American public schools. In 1960, the Census Bureau reported Topeka's population as 91.8% White and 7.7% Black. At the time the suit was filed, only the elementary schools were segregated in Topeka, and Topeka High School had been fully integrated since its inception in 1871. Furthermore, Topeka High School

7632-751: The innocents" into demanding more freedom on campus, leading the New York Civil Liberties Union to criticize Gideonse for "his efforts to smear student groups at the college with the Communist label." Also in 1965, student protests forced the Gideonse administration to rescind new, stricter dress rules that forbade male students from wearing dungarees or sweatshirts on campus at any time and mandated that female students wear skirts and blouses even in extremely cold weather. After Gideonse's retirement in June 1966,

7738-674: The merger of the Brooklyn branches of Hunter College (centered in Manhattan ), then a women's college , and of the City College of New York (also Manhattan), then a men's college , both established in 1926. Once tuition-free, the city's 1975 fiscal crisis ended the free tuition policy. The college also consolidated to its main campus. Prominent alumni of Brooklyn College include US senators, federal judges, US financial chairmen, Olympians, CEOs, and recipients of Academy Awards , Emmy Awards , Pulitzer Prizes , and Nobel Prizes . Brooklyn College

7844-571: The most talented writer of his generation." The New York Times also named it one of the ten best books of the year. Lerner's essays, art criticism, and literary criticism have appeared in Harper's Magazine , the London Review of Books , The New York Review of Books , and The New Yorker , among other publications. The Topeka School, which won the Los Angeles Times Book Prize, was

7950-401: The population. Of the 52,190 households , 28.0% had children under 18 living with them, 41.8% were married couples living together, 13.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 41.2% were not families. About 35.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.7% had someone living alone who was 65 or older. The average household size was 2.27, and the average family size

8056-525: The president's office and other buildings during a student strike upon the Kent State shootings and the Cambodian Campaign . President Kneller terminated classes, but kept campus buildings open for students and faculty, obtaining a court order against students occupying buildings. In October 1974, 200 Hispanic students took over the registrar's office to protest President Kneller's appointment of

8162-425: The racial counts and placed in their own category) was 64.18% (81,243) White (non-Hispanic) , 9.93% (12,574) Black (non-Hispanic) , 0.92% (1,169) Native American (non-Hispanic) or Alaskan Native (non-Hispanic) , 1.61% (2,043) Asian (non-Hispanic) , 0.11% (135) Pacific Islander (non-Hispanic) , 0.36% (458) from other race (non-Hispanic) , 6.49% (8,216) Multiracial , and 16.39% (20,749) Hispanic or Latino . Of

8268-464: The railway started moving westward from Topeka, where general offices and machine shops of the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railroad system were established in 1878. During the late 1880s, Topeka passed through a boom period that ended in disaster. Vast speculation on town lots occurred. The 1889 bubble burst, and many investors were ruined. Topeka, however, doubled in population during the period, and

8374-844: The rainfall is delivered by thunderstorms. These can be severe, producing frequent lightning , large hail , and sometimes tornadoes. An average of 100 days of measurable precipitation occur per year. Winter snowfall is light, as is the case in most of the state, as a result of the dry, sunny weather patterns that dominate Kansas winters, which do not allow for sufficient moisture for significant snowfall. Winter snowfall averages 17.1 in (43 cm). Measurable (≥0.1 in or 0.25 cm) snowfall occurs an average of 12 days per year, with at least 1.0 in (2.5 cm) of snow being received on five of those days. Snow depth of at least an inch occurs an average of 17.7 days per year. The 2020 United States census counted 126,587 people, 54,092 households, and 30,361 families in Topeka. The population density

8480-506: The registrar's office. By January 1976, the college's faculty union voted "no confidence" in Kneller, charging that he "consistently ignored faculty rights" and failed to provide leadership. Brooklyn College, along with the rest of CUNY, shut down for two weeks in May and June 1976 as the university was unable to pay its bills. Amid New York City's financial crisis, near bankruptcy, Brooklyn College's campus in downtown Brooklyn closed, leaving

8586-596: The sales tax for the East Topeka Interchange connecting the Oakland Expressway, K-4, I-70, and the Kansas Turnpike. During the 1990s, Shawnee County voters approved tax measures to expand the Topeka and Shawnee County Public Library. The Kansas Legislature and governor also approved legislation to replace the majority of the property tax supporting Washburn University with a countywide sales tax. In 2000,

8692-684: The sciences and academia include Nobel Prize –winning biochemist Stanley Cohen (B.A. 1943), Fields Medal –winning mathematician Paul Cohen (1953), social psychologists Stanley Milgram (B.A. 1954) and Philip Zimbardo (B.A. 1954), Harvard Law School professor and author Alan M. Dershowitz (A.B. 1959), Columbia Law School Dean Barbara Aronstein Black (B.A. 1953), California State University Chancellor Barry Munitz (B.A. 1963), City College of New York President Lisa Staiano-Coico (B.S. 1976), and NASA scientist and College of William & Mary professor Joel S. Levine (B.S. 1964). Notable alumni in

8798-467: The sciences. Her tenure was marked by repeated free speech controversies involving Israel that drew both criticism and praise. After 42 years in higher education, Gould announced her retirement in 2015. Michelle Anderson became the 10th president of Brooklyn College in 2016. In 2016, Brooklyn College announced a new home for the Koppelman School of Business, with the planned construction of

8904-474: The sit-in. In May 1969, 19 or 20 Brooklyn College students faced criminal charges in connection with campus disorders during the spring semester, including raids in which students allegedly ransacked files and smoke-bombed the library. In late April 1970, students demanding more open admissions and racial diversity staged a sit-in at President Kneller's office, holding him and five deans there for several hours. The next week, in early May 1970, students seized

9010-511: The territory the nickname Bleeding Kansas , it was admitted to the Union in 1861 as the 34th state. Topeka was chosen as the capital, with Charles Robinson as the first governor. In 1862, Cyrus K. Holliday donated a tract of land to the state for the construction of a state capitol. Construction of the Kansas State Capitol began in 1866. About 37 years were needed to build the capitol, first

9116-476: The tornado strike, development began near the mound, including a water tank constructed near the top of the mound against the warnings of local Native Americans. The tornado went on to rip through the city, hitting the downtown area and Washburn University. Total repair cost was put at $ 100 million, making it, at the time, one of the most costly tornadoes in American history. Even to this day, with inflation factored in,

9222-400: The week. Five days later, another front-page Times story reported that students had agreed to return to classes after an agreement was reached with college administrators after negotiations. A few days after that, President Kilcoyne walked out when New York Mayor John V. Lindsay appeared at the college, citing Lindsay's insult in calling the school "Berkeley East." Around the same time,

9328-518: The world's second-largest university. In 1983, Brooklyn College named its library the Harry D. Gideonse Library. Nevertheless, Gideonse remains a controversial figure in the college's history; as one account noted, he is "either lauded as a hero and great educator in hagiographic accounts . . . or decried by faculty and alumni as an autocrat who stifled academic freedom and students' rights." In addition to his curricular and student life reforms, Gideonse

9434-464: Was $ 32,634 (+/- $ 944). Approximately, 9.5% of families and 13.9% of the population were below the poverty line , including 16.7% of those under the age of 18 and 7.8% of those ages 65 or over. As of the census of 2010, the city had 127,473 people, 53,943 households, and 30,707 families. The population density was 2,118.5 inhabitants per square mile (818.0/km ). The 59,582 housing units averaged 990.2/sq mi (382.3/km ). The city's racial makeup

9540-409: Was $ 45,803. Males had a median income of $ 32,373 versus $ 25,633 for females. The city's per capita income was $ 19,555. About 8.5% of families and 12.4% of the population were below the poverty line , including 16.7% of those under age 18 and 8.2% of those age 65 or over. Although Topeka experienced problems with crime in the 1990s, the city's crime rates have improved since. Overall, crime in Topeka

9646-670: Was 2,060.3 per square mile (795.4/km ). There were 60,489 housing units at an average density of 984.5 per square mile (380.1/km ). The U.S. Census accounts for race by two methodologies. "Race alone" and "Race alone less Hispanics" where Hispanics are delineated separately as if a separate race. The racial makeup (including Hispanics in the racial counts) was 68.44% (86,642) white , 10.44% (13,218) black or African-American , 1.36% (1,723) Native American , 1.64% (2,073) Asian , 0.12% (153) Pacific Islander , 6.09% (7,707) from other races , and 11.91% (15,071) from two or more races. The racial and ethnic makeup (where Hispanics are excluded from

9752-413: Was 2.94. About 24.3% of the city's population was under age 18, 9.9% was from age 18 to 24, 28.9% was from age 25 to 44, 21.9% was from age 45 to 64, and 15.1% was age 65 or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 88.4 males. As of 2000, the city's median household income was $ 35,928, and the median family income

9858-473: Was 38.1 years. For every 100 females, the population had 91.0 males. For every 100 females ages 18 and older, there were 87.3 males. The 2016-2020 5-year American Community Survey estimates show that the median household income was $ 49,647 (with a margin of error of +/- $ 1,860) and the median family income $ 64,454 (+/- $ 1,541). Males had a median income of $ 36,601 (+/- $ 1,727) versus $ 29,303 (+/- $ 1,097) for females. The median income for those above 16 years old

9964-408: Was 76.2% White, 11.3% African American, 1.4% Native American, 1.3% Asian, 4.8% from other races, and 4.9% from two or more races. Hispanics or Latinos of any race were 13.4% of the population. Non-Hispanic Whites were 69.7% of the population in 2010, down from 86.3% in 1970. Of the 53,943 households, 29.5% had children under 18 living with them, 37.9% were married couples living together, 14.2% had

10070-402: Was able to weather the depressions of the 1890s. Early in the 20th century, another kind of boom, this time the automobile industry, took off, and numerous pioneering companies appeared and disappeared. Topeka was not left out. The Smith Automobile Company was founded there in 1902, lasting until 1912. Home to the first African-American kindergarten west of the Mississippi River, Topeka was

10176-440: Was bought for $ 1.6 million (equivalent to $ 35.7 million in 2023), and construction allotment was $ 5 million (equivalent to $ 112 million in 2023). Construction began in 1935. At the groundbreaking ceremony was Mayor Fiorello La Guardia and Brooklyn Borough President Raymond Ingersoll. In 1936, United States President Franklin D. Roosevelt visited and laid the gymnasium's cornerstone . The new campus opened for

10282-515: Was down nearly 18% in the first half of 2008, compared with the same period of 2007. Topeka police reported a 6.4% drop in crime from 2007 to 2008, including significant reductions in business robberies and aggravated assaults and batteries, as well as thefts. On October 11, 2011, the Topeka city council agreed to repeal the ordinance banning domestic violence in an effort to force the Shawnee County District Attorney to prosecute

10388-613: Was established in 1935 and offers more than seventy programs in the arts, education, humanities, sciences, and computer and social sciences. Among those programs is the Graduate theatre program, which is the top ranked in the CUNY system and 14th in the United States; faculty include Tony Award nominee Justin Townsend. The Brooklyn College B.A. – M.D. program is an eight-year program affiliated with SUNY Downstate Medical Center . The program follows

10494-747: Was founded in 1930. That year, as directed by the New York City Board of Higher Education on April 22, the college authorized the combination of the Downtown Brooklyn branches of Hunter College , at that time a women's college , and the City College of New York , then a men's college , both established in 1926. Meanwhile, Brooklyn College became the first public coeducational liberal arts college in New York City. The school opened in September 1930, holding separate classes for men and women until their junior years. Admission would require passing

10600-734: Was known as Tennessee Town because so many of them were from the Volunteer State. Charles Sheldon, pastor of the Central Congregational Church, organized the first African American kindergarten west of the Mississippi in 1893. Lincoln College, now Washburn University , was established in 1865 in Topeka by a charter issued by the State of Kansas and the General Association of Congregational Ministers and Churches of Kansas. In 1869,

10706-860: Was known for his decades-long campaign to ferret out Communists among the college community and his testimony before congressional and state investigating committees during the Second Red Scare . On the other hand, perhaps retaining the memory of the time when, as a University of Chicago professor, he was unjustly accused of being a Communist and advocating " free love ," Gideonse also attacked those who, without evidence, charged faculty, staff and students with being subversives and defended faculty free speech rights against outside critics. The college's third president, Francis Kilcoyne , served from 1966 to 1967. The fourth president, Harold Syrett , resigned due to ill health in February 1969, when George A. Peck

10812-899: Was named a finalist for the National Book Award . His third poetry collection, Mean Free Path , was published in 2010. Lerner's first novel, Leaving the Atocha Station , published in 2011, won the Believer Book Award and was a finalist for the Los Angeles Times Book Prize for first fiction ( The Art Seidenbaum Award for First Fiction ) and the New York Public Library 's Young Lions Fiction Award . Writing in The Guardian , Geoff Dyer called it "a work so luminously original in style and form as to seem like

10918-473: Was named acting president. John Kneller , Brooklyn College's fifth president, served from 1969 until 1979. These presidents served during what were perhaps the most tumultuous years for Brooklyn College. During the Vietnam War, as they did on other U.S. campuses, student protests rocked Brooklyn College. President Gideonse, in a 1965 television interview, blamed demonstrations on Communists who were "duping

11024-511: Was the only public high school in the city of Topeka. Other rural high schools existed, such as Washburn Rural High School—created in 1918—and Seaman High School—created in 1920. Highland Park High School became part of the Topeka school system in 1959 along with the opening of Topeka West High School in 1961. A Catholic high school —Assumption High School, later renamed Capitol Catholic High School, then in 1939 again renamed, to Hayden High School after its founder, Father Francis Hayden — also served

11130-616: Was the site where the famous question " What would Jesus do? " originated in a sermon of Sheldon's at Central Congregational Church. The First Presbyterian Church in Topeka is one of the few churches in the U.S. to have its sanctuary completely decorated with Tiffany stained glass (another is St. Luke's United Methodist in Dubuque, Iowa ; another is the Emmanuel Episcopal Church in Cumberland, Maryland ). The Roman Catholic population

11236-1791: Was used for the outdoor scenes in the 1978 adult film Debbie Does Dallas . In 2010, Brooklyn College adopted the Bulldog as its new mascot. The athletic program was originally known as the Kingsmen. In 1994, the mascot was changed to the Bridges. However, after the school built new facilities and underwent other changes the athletic director pushed for a new name to reflect the new program. Notable alumni of Brooklyn College in government include Senate majority leader and 1996 Republican presidential nominee: Bob Dole (1943-1944), Senator Bernie Sanders (1959–1960), Senator Barbara Boxer (née Barbara Levy; B.A. 1962), Congresswoman Shirley Chisholm (B.A. 1946), Securities and Exchange Commission chairmen Manuel F. Cohen (B.S. 1933) and Harvey Pitt (B.A. 1965), and federal judges Rosemary S. Pooler (B.A. 1959), Jack B. Weinstein (B.A. 1943), Sterling Johnson Jr. (B.A. 1963), Edward R. Korman (B.A. 1963), Joel Harvey Slomsky (B.A. 1967), and Jason K. Pulliam (B.A. 1995; M.A. 1997). Notable alumni in business include Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu CEO Barry Salzberg (B.S. 1974), Adobe Inc. CEO Bruce Chizen (B.S. 1978), Warner Bros. and Los Angeles Dodgers CEO Robert A. Daly , New York Mets President Saul Katz (B.A. 1960), Boston Celtics owner Marvin Kratter (1937), David Geffen , New Line Cinema CEO Michael Lynne (B.A. 1961), CBS Records CEO Walter Yetnikoff (B.A. 1953), Vanguard Records co-founder Maynard Solomon (B.A. 1950), and Gannett Chairman Marjorie Magner (B.S. 1969). Notable alumni in

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