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51-512: Beloff is a surname of a number of people: Angelina Beloff (1879–1969), Russian painter and sculptor Evan Beloff , Canadian film writer, producer, and director Elena Beloff , American filmmaker and author Jim Beloff (born 1955), Ukulele musician, Publisher John Beloff (1920–2006), English psychology professor Leland Beloff (born 1942), Pennsylvania politician Max Beloff, Baron Beloff (1913–1999), British historian and principal of

102-511: A condor and a background of the volcanic mountains in central Mexico . Vasconcelos is said to have declared, "I have not come to govern the University but to ask the University to work for the people." When Obregón became President in 1920, he created the Secretariat of Public Education (SEP) in 1921 and named Vasconcelos as its head. Under Obregón, the national budget had two key expenditures;

153-552: A decisive influence in Octavio Paz 's El laberinto de la soledad ('The Labyrinth of Solitude'), with anthropological and aesthetic implications. Paz wrote that Vasconcelos was "the teacher" who had educated hundreds of young Latin American intellectuals during his many trips to Central and South America . Vasconcelos was a guest lecturer at Columbia University and Princeton University , but his influence on new generations in

204-522: A direct influence on the young writers, poets, anthropologists, and philosophers who wrote on this subject. He also influenced the point of view of Carlos Pellicer with respect to several aesthetic assumptions reflected in his books. Together, Pellicer and Vasconcelos made a trip through the Middle East (1928–1929) and were looking for the "spiritual basis" of Byzantine architecture . Other works, particularly La raza cósmica and Metafísica , had

255-528: A drawing and engraving teacher for schools and workshops for the Secretaría de Educación Pública in 1932 and later with the Instituto Nacional de Bellas Artes . Much of her teaching work was related to creating children's theater, especially marionettes, puppets and stage scenery. In the 1930s, SEP supported the creation of marionette and puppet theaters, and Beloff was the main promoter of this work, as it

306-425: A frame of aesthetic monism . As he argued that only by the means of rhythm can humans able to know the world without any intermediation, he proposed that the minimal aspects of cognition are conditioned by a degree of sympathy with the natural "vibration" of things. In that manner, he thought that the auditive categories of knowledge were much higher than the visual ones. Later, Vasconcelos developed an argument for

357-584: A great deal of power, but he accrued even more by ignoring the standard structures, such as the University Council, to govern the institution. Rather, he exercised personal power and began implementing his vision of the function of the university. He redesigned the logo of the university to show a map of Latin America , with the phrase "Por mi raza hablará el espíritu" (The spirit will speak for my race), an influence of Rodó's arielismo . It also had an eagle and

408-451: A modest zoological theory, then as social biology that confers definitive preponderance to the English above all races. Every imperialism needs a justifying philosophy". ( La raza cósmica , 1948) "Hitler, although he disposes of absolute power, finds himself a thousand leagues from Caesarism. Power does not come to Hitler from the military base, but from the book that inspires the troops from

459-428: A novel in 1978 based on Beloff's relationship with Rivera called Querido Diego, te abraza, Quiela , which was adapted for radio, then translated into English as Dear Diego, with Love, Quiela . The focus of Poniatowska's book was solidarity with Beloff and a social criticism of submission to masculine authority. She is not an objective writer but rather an advocate for the artist. Beloff's autobiography, En sus Memorias

510-533: A number of public institutions devoted to the arts. She died in Mexico City on December 30, 1969, at the age of 90. She worked in oils, watercolors , etchings, photography, graphic arts, puppets, gouaches and drawing creating portraits, landscapes, educational and other illustrations, stages scenes and marionettes. Beloff produced most of her work in Mexico, which was mostly, painting, etching and puppet theater. As

561-566: A painter her major work was in portraits and watercolors. Her etching and engraving work was mostly for the illustration of books in Europe. She was a master at drawing and created new techniques in etching. In Europe until 1932, she regularly exhibited at the Tullerías, Independentes and other galleries. While in Paris she painted portraits of various famous Mexicans living there. In Mexico, she exhibited at

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612-631: A pious Catholic, died when José was 16. The family moved to the border town of Piedras Negras, Coahuila , where he grew up attending school in Eagle Pass, Texas . He became bilingual in English and Spanish, which opened doors to the English-speaking world. The family also lived in Campeche while the northern border area was unstable. His time living on the Texas border likely contributed to fostering his idea of

663-439: A specific person led you to this page, you may wish to change that link by adding the person's given name (s) to the link. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Beloff&oldid=1259291336 " Category : Surnames Hidden categories: Articles with short description Short description is different from Wikidata All set index articles Angelina Beloff Angelina Beloff

714-402: A trust fund from her family, working first in the studio of Henri Matisse and later in the studio of Spanish painter Hermenegildo Anglada Camarasa . During this time, her skills developed, as she learned the printmaking techniques of engraving in both wood and metal and earned recognition for her painting and drawing. She also worked as an art teacher. She went because France was at

765-520: Is reported to have said, "When the coffin was lowered into the ground, Vasconcelos sobbed bitterly. At that moment he must have known and felt who he really had as a wife; perhaps they were tears of belated repentance." He remarried the pianist Esperanza Cruz and they had a child, Héctor. Although Vasconcelos was interested in studying philosophy, the Porfiriato's universities focused on the sciences, influenced by French positivism . Vasconcelos attended

816-535: The Mexican Revolution , was an important Mexican writer, philosopher, and politician. He is one of the most influential and controversial personalities in the development of modern Mexico. His philosophy of the " cosmic race " affected all aspects of Mexican sociocultural, political, and economic policies. Vasconcelos was born in Oaxaca, Oaxaca , on February 28, 1882, the son of a customs official. José's mother,

867-622: The National Preparatory School , an elite high school in Mexico City , and he went on to Escuela de Jurisprudencia in Mexico City (1905). In law school, he became involved with a group of radical students organized as the Ateneo de la Juventud (Youth Atheneum). The Ateneo de Juventud was led by a Dominican citizen, Pedro Henríquez Ureña , who had read Uruguayan essayist José Enrique Rodó 's Ariel , an influential work published in 1900 that

918-596: The 1930s, the Sociedad para el Impulso de las Arts Plásticas in 1948 and the Salón de las Plástica Mexicana in 1949. During her life, her work was eclipsed by her relationship with Rivera, along with his other wives, Guadalupe Marín and Frida Kahlo . Her work is virtually unknown in Russia and France, although recognized by a number of academics. There are no major collections in her memory and exhibitions of her work are rare. There

969-480: The Anti-Re-election Party. Vasconcelos returned to Mexico City to participate more directly in the anti-re-election movement, became one of the party's secretaries, and edited its newspaper, El Antireelectionista . After Díaz was ousted by revolutionary violence that was followed by the election of Madero to the presidency, Vasconcelos led a structural change at the National Preparatory School . He changed

1020-478: The Arthem Fayard publishing house to illustrate the novel Ariane, June fille russe ( Ariane, the young Russian girl ) by Claude Anet . Other important works are watercolors and dry point to illustrate " To Build a Fire ” by Jack London . She was one of a number of foreign artists invited to Mexico to help shape the country's cultural scene in the decades after the Mexican Revolution . She started working as

1071-516: The Díaz regime, continued to be used. Although Vasconcelos was no advocate of Mexican indigenous culture, as Secretary of Education he sent a statue of the last Aztec emperor, Cuauhtemoc , to Brazil for its centennial celebrations of independence in 1923, to the amazement of the South American recipients. He resigned in 1924 because of his opposition to President Plutarco Elías Calles . He worked for

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1122-511: The Globe: the mission of fusing the peoples ethnically and spiritually." ( La raza cósmica , 1948) "Each of the great nations of History has believed itself to be the final and chosen one. ... The Hebrews founded the belief in their superiority on oracles and divine promises. The English found theirs on observations relative to domestic animals. From the observation of cross-breeding and hereditary varieties in such animals, Darwinism emerged. First, as

1173-570: The Mexican "cosmic race" and rejection of Anglo culture. At 24, he married Serafina Miranda of Tlaxiaco , Oaxaca , in 1906. Their children were José Ignacio and Carmen. He also had a long-term relationship with Elena Arizmendi Mejia and throughout his life many other shorter liaisons, including one with Berta Singerman . His troubled relationship with Antonieta Rivas Mercado led to her suicide inside Paris's Notre Dame Cathedral in 1931. When his wife of forty years died in 1942, their daughter Carmen

1224-805: The Sala de Arte of the Secretaría de Educación Pública , the Galería de Arte Mexicano and the Salón de la Plástica Mexicana in the 1950s. Most of her engravings, watercolors and oils have gone into public and private collections including those of the Museo de Arte Moderno , the Museo Nacional de Arte and the Blaisten Collection. However, a large number of her works, especially drawing and engravings in metal and wood are part of

1275-516: The Secretariat gave him a powerful position to implement his vision of Mexico's history, especially the Mexican Revolution. Vasconcelos printed huge numbers of texts for the expanded public school system, but in the 1920s, there was no agreement about how the Mexican Revolution should be portrayed and so earlier history texts by Justo Sierra , the head of the ministry of public education during

1326-645: The Tacubaya neighborhood of Mexico City. His body was found reclining on the desk, in which he was working on one of his last literary works: Letanías del atardecer (‘Litanies of the evening’), published posthumously unfinished. Because of his qualities as a pedagogue and his strong support for Latin American culture, he was named “Teacher of the Youth of America” a title that is often abbreviated as "Teacher of America". With significant post-war activity Vasconcelos' first writings on philosophy are passionate reactions against

1377-804: The United States gradually decreased. Nevertheless, his work La raza cósmica has been used by Chicano and Mexican-American movements since the 1970s, which assert the reconquista ('retaking' or literally 'reconquest') of the American Southwest , based on their Mexican ancestry. Vasconcelos caused the National Symphonic Orchestra (1920) and the Symphonic Orchestra of Mexico (1928) to be officially endorsed. Under his secretaryship, artists Diego Rivera , José Clemente Orozco , and David Alfaro Siqueiros were permitted to paint

1428-475: The University College of Buckingham Michael Beloff (born 1942), English barrister Zoe Beloff (born 1958), British visual artist See also [ edit ] Anne Beloff-Chain (1921–1991), British biochemist Stefan Bellof (1957-1985), German racing driver [REDACTED] Surname list This page lists people with the surname Beloff . If an internal link intending to refer to

1479-591: The academic programs and broke with the past positivistic influence. After Madero's assassination in February 1913, Vasconcelos joined the broad movement to defeat the military regime of Victoriano Huerta . Soon, Vasconcelos was forced into exile in Paris, where he met Julio Torri , Doctor Atl , Gabriele D'Annunzio , and other contemporary intellectuals and artists. After Huerta was ousted in July 1914, Vasconcelos returned to Mexico. The Convention of Aguascalientes in 1914,

1530-549: The collection of the Museo Dolores Olmedo . It is the most important collection of her work as it contains an assortment of drawings, watercolors, graphics and an oil that shows the extent of her talent. The collection was acquired by the museum in 1994, and with the exception of the oil called Tepoztlan , all are from her early career, created in France in the 1910s and 1920s. They include thirty original woodcuts commissioned by

1581-545: The education of the masses and sought to make the nation's education on secular, civic, and Pan-American ( americanista ) lines. He ran for the presidency in 1929 but lost to Pascual Ortiz Rubio in a controversial election, and again left the country. He later directed the National Library of Mexico (1940) and presided over the Mexican Institute of Hispanic Culture (1948). José Vasconcelos died on June 30, 1959, in

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1632-533: The failed attempt of anti-Huerta regime to find a political solution, split the factions. The leader of the Constitutionalists, Venustiano Carranza , and General Álvaro Obregón split with more radical revolutionaries, especially Pancho Villa and Emiliano Zapata . Vasconcelos chose the side of the Convention and served as Minister of Education during the brief presidential period of Eulalio Gutiérrez . Villa

1683-463: The final part of his life, he gradually fell into a deeply Catholic political conservatism. Before the Second World War, he had begun writing sympathetically about Francisco Franco , and he retracted some of his earlier liberal positions. One of his last published works, Letanías del atardecer (1957) is a pessimistic tract that hinted that the use of nuclear weapons might be necessary because of

1734-500: The formal, positivistic education at the National Preparatory School, formerly under the influence of Porfirian thinkers like Justo Sierra and Gabino Barreda . A second period of productivity was fed by a first disappointment in the political field, after Madero's murder. In 1919, he wrote a long essay on Pythagoreanism , as a dissertation on the links between harmony and rhythm and its eventual explanation into

1785-609: The inner walls of the most important public buildings in Mexico (such as the National Palace in Mexico City), creating the Mexican muralist movement. "[T]he leaders of Latin American independence ... strove to free the slaves, declared the equality of all men by natural law; the social and civic equality of whites, blacks and Indians. In an instant of historical crisis, they formulated the transcendental mission assigned to that region of

1836-462: The military was one, but the other was education. Creating the Secretariat entailed changing the Constitution of 1917 , and so Obregón's government had to muster support from lawmakers. Vasconcelos traveled throughout Mexico while he was rector of the university to seek that support. His effort succeeded, and Vasconcelos was named head of the new cabinet-level secretariat in July 1921. His tenure at

1887-512: The mixing of races, as a natural and desirable direction for humankind. That work, known as La raza cósmica ('The Cosmic Race'), would eventually contribute to further studies on ethnic values as an ethic and for the consideration of ethnic variety as an aesthetic source. Finally, between 1931 and 1940, he tried to consolidate his proposals by publishing his main topics organized in three main works: Metafísica (' Metaphysics '), Ética ('Ethics'), and Estética (' Aesthetics '). In

1938-413: The mundane with focus on details. One work which shows this influence is Avenida Hidalgo vista desde Bellas Artes (1949). Important portraits include Retrato de Susana Díaz de León (1948) which is that of a girl seated on a chair trying to reach the floor with her toes. Jos%C3%A9 Vasconcelos José Vasconcelos Calderón (28 February 1882 – 30 June 1959), called the "cultural caudillo " of

1989-429: The postwar order. Vasconcelos is often referred to as the father of the indigenismo philosophy. In recent times it has come under criticism from Native Americans, because of its negative implications concerning indigenous peoples. To an extent his philosophy argued for a new, "modern" mestizo people, at the cost of cultural assimilation for all ethnic groups. His research on the nature of Mexican modern identity had

2040-512: The relationship between individual and society." After graduating from law school, he joined the law firm of Warner, John, and Galston in Washington, D.C. Vasconcelos joined the local Anti-Re-election Club in Washington, D.C. It supported the democratic movement to oust the longtime President of Mexico Porfirio Díaz in 1910 and was headed by Francisco I. Madero , the presidential candidate of

2091-470: The top. Hitler's power is not owed to the troops, nor the battalions, but to his own discussions... Hitler represents, ultimately, an idea, the German idea, so often humiliated previously by French militarism and English perfidy. Truthfully, we find civilian governed 'democracies' fighting against Hitler. But they are democracies in name only". (" La Inteligencia se impone ", Timon 16; June 8, 1940) Vasconcelos

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2142-445: The vanguard of new painting expression, which had not yet arrived to Russia, (nor Mexico). Thus Paris attracted artists from various countries. She met a number of Mexican artists in France and Belgium , meeting Diego Rivera during a trip with artist María Blanchard to Brussels . Rivera pursued her romantically and were married in Paris by the end of 1909. They had one child named Miguel Ángel, who died of lung complications when he

2193-552: Was a showing of her work, focusing on her engravings in the 1980s at the Museo Casa Estudio Diego Rivera y Frida Kahlo . In 2012, there was a retrospective of her work at the Museo Mural Diego Rivera with ninety pieces. Even the limited editions books she so meticulously illustrated with her woodcuts are practically unobtainable. Two books about her life have been published. Elena Poniatowska wrote

2244-608: Was born in Saint Petersburg, Russia during the Tsarist period, and raised there by an intellectual family. She entered the St. Petersburg Academy of Arts in 1905 as the city then was the center of Russian art. Beloff's professors encouraged her to move to France to continue studying, which she did after her parents died in 1909. She lived in Paris with support of the Russian government as well as

2295-694: Was defeated by the Constitutionalist Army under Obregón in the Battle of Celaya in 1915, and Vasconcelos went into exile again. Venustiano Carranza became President (1915–1920), but was ousted and killed by the Sonoran generals who had helped put him in power. Vasconcelos returned to Mexico during the interim presidency of Sonoran Adolfo de la Huerta and was named rector of the National Autonomous University of Mexico (1920) As rector, he had

2346-442: Was invited to come to Mexico to live by Alfonso Reyes and Germán Cueto arriving to Mexico in 1932, when she was 53. While not part of Rivera's social and professional sphere, she had her own, even though that meant she was somewhat marginalized. She said that while she ran into Rivera often living in Mexico City, she never reproached him, only mocked him a little. She lived 37 years in Mexico, pursuing her art career and founding

2397-624: Was not faithful to her. In 1921, Rivera was called back to Mexico by José Vasconcelos to paint after the Mexican Revolution . Beloff did not accompany him as there was not enough money for both to travel. Rivera never returned to Europe nor decided to reunite with Beloff. He divorced her but continued to send money for her support afterwards. She became reclusive after Rivera married Guadalupe Marín . The nearly twelve-year relationship created her link to Mexico and brought about her friendships with David Alfaro Siqueiros , Adolfo Best Maugard , Ángel Zárraga , Roberto Montenegro and others. She

2448-560: Was only fourteen months old. The couple's life in Paris was not easy, economically, especially during the First World War which produced shortages of basic necessities as well as artistic supplies. She worked various jobs, sacrificing her own creative development so that Rivera could paint. She left a diary of her life with Rivera which describes their private life, their exchanges of ideas as painters and collaborative projects, as well as interaction with other painters of their time. Diego

2499-454: Was opposed to Anglo cultural influence but also emphasized the redemptive power of education. The Ateneo de la Juventud had a diverse membership, composed of university professors, artists, other professionals, and students. Some other members included Isidro Fabela and Diego Rivera . Opposed to the Díaz regime, it formulated arguments against it and its emphasis on positivism by employing French spiritualism, which articulated "a new vision of

2550-579: Was perceived as a form of teaching students. She created a number of notable marionettes including one called “Pastillita.” She also published Muñecos animados, historia, técnica y función educativa del teatro de muñecos en México y en el mundo in 1945. She was a member of the Liga de Escritores y Artistas Revolucionarios starting in 1934, the Sociedad Mexicana de Grabadores in 1947, the Galería Espira in

2601-445: Was published by UNAM in 1986. Her artwork was a fusion of European styles with Mexican imagery and colors, with her main artistic influences being Matisse , Cézanne and Picasso . Her painting shows the most influence from Cézanne, whose work she was introduced to by Rivera. This influence is most seen in still lifes , portraits and a number of landscapes. She avoided Mexican national symbols in her work, preferring to recreate

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