84-398: Belhus may refer to: Belhus, Western Australia Belhus, Essex See also [ edit ] Bell House (disambiguation) [REDACTED] Topics referred to by the same term This disambiguation page lists articles about distinct geographical locations with the same name. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change
168-593: A Yagan Memorial Park created as a projected cost of A$ 996,000; but in November it was announced that the reburial had been rescheduled for July 2009 because of logistical problems. In March 2009, it was announced that the Department of Indigenous Affairs had given the City of Swan more than A$ 500,000 to develop the park. The head was finally buried in a private ceremony attended only by invited Noongar elders, on 10 July 2010,
252-475: A 15,000 acre area that was granted to English merchant George Leake . As Leake elected to reside in Fremantle, he hired Henry Bull to live on the property, establish pastoral agriculture and work the lands into a profitable state. Their venture was a success; Leake gained the legal title to Swan Location 1 and Bull's farm gained a reputation for high quality produce. One of Bull's servants, William Cruse, built
336-517: A delegation of Noongars consisting of Ken Colbung, Robert Bropho , Richard Wilkes and Mingli Wanjurri-Nungala arrived in the UK to collect Yagan's head. The delegation was to have been larger, but Commonwealth funding was withdrawn at the last minute. The handover of Yagan's skull was further delayed when a Noongar named Corrie Bodney applied to the Supreme Court of Western Australia for an injunction against
420-439: A distinctive tribal tattoo on his right shoulder, which identified him as "a man of high degree in tribal law". He was generally acknowledged to be the most physically powerful of his tribe, and was said to have been able to spear another stick from a distance of 23 metres (25 yd) or penetrate a tree from a distance of 55 metres (60 yd). Yagan would have been about 35 years old in 1829 when British settlers landed in
504-515: A flour mill, race and dam on the property, forming a popular and important milling service for farmers in the Upper Swan area. Bull also hired bricklayer Richard Edwards to build a homestead for him using bricks made on the estate. The mill, farm lands, stockyards, barns, kilns and resident homesteads all collectively became known as the Ellen's Brook Estate. The homestead, mill race and a reconstruction of
588-536: A much larger area than this, extending north as far as Lake Monger and northeast to the Helena River . The group also had an unusual degree of freedom to move over their neighbours' land, possibly due to kinship and marriage ties with neighbouring groups. Yagan is thought to have been born around 1795. His father was Midgegooroo , an elder of the Beeliar people; his mother was one of Midgegooroo's three wives. Yagan
672-578: A new road bridge across the Ellen Brook. Shortly afterwards, the original convict-built Ellen's Brook Bridge was un-gazetted as a public road. Cruse's mill subsequently fell into disuse and was eventually destroyed by a fire. Subsequent generations of the Barrett-Lennard family carried the Belhus viticulture business into the 20th century, expanding into grape exports to Europe and South East Asia. Belhus
756-490: A number of Noongar groups sought the return of Yagan's head to Australia. It is Aboriginal belief that because Yagan's skeletal remains are incomplete, his spirit is earthbound. The uniting of his head and torso will immediately set his spirit free to continue its eternal journey. At the time, there was no historical trail for the head after Pettigrew passed it on. Tribal elders entrusted the Aboriginal leader Ken Colbung with
840-688: A pamphlet entitled Descriptive Account of the Panoramic View &c. of King George's Sound and the Adjacent Country , which Pettigrew encouraged his guests to buy as a souvenir of their evening. The frontispiece of the pamphlet was a hand-coloured aquatint print of Yagan's head by the artist George Cruikshank . Early in October 1835, Yagan's head and the panoramic view were returned to Dale, then living in Liverpool . On 12 October he presented them to
924-479: A part of the Swan Valley tourism and industry corridor. Yagan Memorial Park was built in 2010 in the east of Belhus, near where Yagan's body was believed to have been buried after his murder. The exhumed head of Yagan, having been re-patriated from Britain, was re-buried in the park during a traditional ceremony that was attended by State and indigenous dignitaries. In 2014, an extensive wetland monitoring station
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#17328757250351008-625: A party from the HMS Success on an expedition up the Swan River, to survey the area for colonisation potential. The party stopped around the Belhus area at the Ellen Brook confluence, camping there before turning back. Stirling returned to Australia in 1829 to establish the Swan River Colony and grant surveyed land along the river to settlers. Most of Belhus was included in Swan Location 1,
1092-408: A party of armed settlers from Bull's estate. When the party of settlers arrived, they found Yagan dead and Heegan dying. Heegan "was groaning and his brains were partly out when the party came, and whether humanity or brutality, a man put a gun to his head and blew it to pieces." The settlers cut Yagan's head from his body, and skinned his back to obtain his tribal markings as a trophy. They buried
1176-531: A reward of £20 for his capture. He avoided capture until early October 1832. A group of fishermen enticed Yagan and two companions into their boat, then pushed off into deep water. The fishermen took the three Noongar men to the Perth guardhouse, from which they were transferred to the Round House at Fremantle . Yagan was sentenced to death, but he was saved by the intercession of settler Robert Lyon . Arguing that Yagan
1260-468: A servant of farmer Archibald Butler, apprehended some natives who were raiding a potato patch, and killed one of Yagan's family group. A few days later, Yagan, Midgegooroo and others stormed the farmhouse and, finding the door locked, began to break through the mud-brick walls. Inside were Butler's servant Erin Entwhistle and his two sons Enion and Ralph. After hiding his sons under the bed, Entwhistle opened
1344-522: A taste for the settlers' supplies, and began to take flour and other food, which became a serious problem for the colony. In addition, the Noongar practice of firestick farming , or lighting the bush to flush out game threatened the settlers' crops and houses. In December 1831 Yagan and his father led the first significant Aboriginal resistance to white settlement in Western Australia. Thomas Smedley,
1428-579: A walking stick from a distance of 25 metres (82 ft). Gyallipert and Manyat remained in Perth for some time. On 3 March, Yagan obtained permission to hold another corroboree, this time in the Post Office garden in Perth. The Perth and King George Sound men met at dusk, chalked their bodies, and performed a number of dances including a kangaroo hunt dance. The Perth Gazette wrote that Yagan "was master of ceremonies and acquitted himself with infinite grace and dignity". During February and March, Yagan
1512-459: Is considered a legendary figure by the Noongar. After his shooting, settlers cut off Yagan's head to claim the bounty. Later, an official sent it to London, where it was exhibited as an " anthropological curiosity" and eventually given to a museum in Liverpool . It held the head in storage for more than a century before burying it with other remains in an unmarked grave in Liverpool in 1964. Over
1596-458: Is situated a short distance away from the urban centres of Ellenbrook and Aveley, as well as the larger commercial and tourism region of the Swan Valley. Police, fire and ambulance services are all provided from stations in Ellenbrook. Two public parks exist in Belhus - Yagan Memorial Park in the east and Corona Way Park in the west. The latter provides public footpath access to Cruse's mill and
1680-524: The Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Commission (ATSIC) to tell the British Home Office that he was the correct applicant. ATSIC then convened a meeting in Perth at which it was again resolved that Colbung's application could proceed. Colbung continued to press for the exhumation, asking that it be performed before the 164th anniversary of Yagan's death on 11 July, so that the anniversary could be
1764-563: The City of Swan local government area. It is located in the Swan Valley region, at the confluence of the Swan River and the Ellen Brook . The locality is characterised by a low-density rural-residential landscape of hobby farms , vineyards and light agricultural industry. It also contains several preserved historic sites from the early Swan River Colony era of Western Australia, including
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#17328757250351848-633: The Liverpool Royal Institution , where the head may have been displayed in a case along with some other preserved heads and wax models illustrating cranial anatomy. In 1894 the Institution's collections were dispersed, and Yagan's head was lent to the Liverpool Museum ; it is thought not to have been put on display there. By the 1960s Yagan's head was badly deteriorated. In April 1964 the museum decided to dispose of it. It arranged burial of
1932-481: The Noongar people. Yagan was pursued by the local authorities after he killed Erin Entwhistle, a servant of farmer Archibald Butler. It was an act of retaliation after Thomas Smedley, another of Butler's servants, shot at a group of Noongar people stealing potatoes and fowls, killing one of them. The government offered a bounty for Yagan's capture, dead or alive, and a young settler, William Keats, shot and killed him. He
2016-559: The Whadjuk Noongar people, Yagan belonged to a tribe of around 60 people whose name, according to Robert Lyon , was Beeliar . Scholars now believe that the Beeliar people may have been a family subgroup (or clan ) of a larger tribe whom Daisy Bates called Beelgar . According to Lyon, the Beeliar people occupied the land south of the Swan and Canning rivers, as far south as Mangles Bay . The group had customary land usage rights over
2100-514: The death of Diana, Princess of Wales , earlier that day: That is how nature goes ... Nature is a carrier of all good things and all bad things. And because the Poms did the wrong thing, they now have to suffer. Colbung's comments prompted a media furore throughout Australia, with newspapers receiving many letters from the public expressing shock and anger at the comments. Colbung later claimed that his comments had been misinterpreted. Throughout
2184-666: The 2021 Australian census, Belhus had a low and sparse population of 265, in line with its rural zoning and land uses. 48.3% of Belhus residents were male and 51.7% were female. Belhus's median age was 54, much higher than the state and national average of 38. The most common ancestries in Belhus as of 2021 were English (44.3%), Australian (38.3%), Irish (7.6%), Italian (7.6%) and Scottish (7.2%), with 2.3% of residents identifying as Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander. 68.6% of residents were born in Australia. There are no public facilities in Belhus and no public transport options. The locality
2268-525: The Ellen Brook. A telephone exchange exists in the north of the suburb, near the boundary with The Vines. Supply of electricity is split; the eastern half of the suburb is supplied from the Muchea substation, while the western half is supplied from the Henley Brook substation. Yagan Yagan ( / ˈ j eɪ ɡ ən / ; c. 1795 – 11 July 1833) was an Aboriginal Australian warrior from
2352-500: The Ellen Brook. Following the establishment of the Ellenbrook joint venture in 1992, most of the lands west of the Ellen Brook were excised from Belhus and transferred to the new Ellenbrook locality. Egerton Estate was subsequently transferred a second time in 2006, to its own dedicated suburb named Aveley . The remainder of Belhus came under the purview of the 1995 Swan Valley Planning Act, conserving and preserving its rural state as
2436-702: The Helena Valley. On 17 May, Midgegooroo was captured on the Helena River. After a brief, informal trial, he was executed by firing squad . Yagan remained at large for over two months. Late in May, George Fletcher Moore reported seeing Yagan on his property and talking with him in pidgin English. Moore wrote in the Perth Gazette : Yagan stepped forward and leaning with his left hand on my shoulder while he gesticulated with
2520-509: The Metropolitan Cemeteries Board. Yagan's head spent some time in storage in a bank vault before being handed over to forensics experts who reconstructed a model from it. After that it was held in storage at Western Australia's state mortuary . Plans to re-bury the head were repeatedly deferred, causing ongoing conflict between Noongar groups. In September 2008 it was reported that Yagan's head would be reburied in November, and
2604-502: The Noongar community about who had the best cultural qualifications to take possession of the head. The academic Hannah McGlade claims that these divisions were largely manufactured by the media, particularly The West Australian , which "aimed to and successfully represented the Nyungar community in terms of disharmony and dissent". She alleges that one West reporter contacted Noongar who were known to be in disagreement, and quoted one to
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2688-566: The Noongar to accept colonial authority. Lyon spent many hours with Yagan learning his language and customs. After a month, Yagan and his companions escaped by stealing an unattended dinghy and rowing to Woodman Point on the mainland. The Government did not pursue them; apparently its officials considered they had been sufficiently punished. In January 1833 two Noongar, Gyallipert and Manyat, visited Perth from King George Sound , where relations between settlers and natives were amicable. Two settlers, Richard Dale and George Smythe, arranged for
2772-426: The Noongar were nomads who had no claim to the land over which they roamed. Colonists fenced off land for grazing and farming according to their traditional practices of land use. As the colonists fenced off more land, the Noongar were increasingly denied access to their traditional hunting grounds and sacred sites . In search of food, the Noongar raided the settlers' crops and killed their cattle. They also developed
2856-519: The Prime Minister's June visit to the United Kingdom. While Colbung was in the United Kingdom, Martin and Richard Bates were engaged to undertake a geophysical survey of the grave site. Using electromagnetic and ground penetrating radar techniques, they identified an approximate position of the box that suggested it could be accessed from the side via the adjacent plot. A report of the survey
2940-728: The Whadjuk Noongar people to access the Swan coastal plains. Early European explorers observed that the Belhus area i.e. the confluence of the brook and the river was pitted with yams . Several registered aboriginal heritage sites exist in the east of the locality, including Site ID 4079, an extensive artefact scatter dating to the Holocene period. As a result of the French reports of Western Australia , British naval officer Captain James Stirling led
3024-656: The Yagan Steering Committee decided to lobby Australian and British politicians for support. In 1997 Colbung was invited to visit the United Kingdom at the British government's expense and he arrived on 20 May. His visit attracted substantial media coverage, and increased the political pressure on the British Government. He secured the support of the Prime Minister of Australia , John Howard , after gate crashing
3108-409: The adjoining Swan Location A to the south from William Burges , expanding Leake's holdings immediately around the river. After Bull left the area, Leake leased the Ellen's Brook Estate to Cruse and farmers Saul Spice and John Connolly, who all continued to work the lands while raising their families there. Indentured labour consisting of Aboriginal prisoners and British convicts were brought in by
3192-593: The anniversary of the last full day he lived and one day before the end of NAIDOC Week 2010. The site in Belhus was chosen as it is believed to be near to where the rest of Yagan's body was buried. The burial coincided with a ceremony to mark the opening of the Yagan Memorial Park, which was attended by around 300 people, including Noongar elders and state government representatives. Premier Colin Barnett described
3276-458: The area and established the Swan River Colony . For the first two years of the colony, relations between settlers and Noongar were generally amicable, as there was little competition for resources. The Noongar welcomed the white settlers as Djanga , the returned spirits of their dead. Historical reports noted the two groups shared fish. As time passed, conflicts between the two cultures gradually became more frequent. The settlers thought that
3360-488: The area in order to claim a bounty that had been placed on him. The killing was condemned by the majority of colonists at the time. The Ellen's Brook Estate went through a series of transfers and divisions after 1838. Leake gifted the northern half of Swan Location 1 to Bull for his efforts, then surrendered the unprofitable western two-thirds (the site of modern-day Ellenbrook ) back to the Crown. Leake then went on to purchase
3444-476: The banks of the Swan River and the Ellen Brook drop to 7 metres, forming large valleys. There are only two main roads that traverse the locality - West Swan Road (State Route 52) from Guildford crosses the Ellen Brook to Upper Swan, while Millhouse Road connects to Aveley and Ellenbrook. Both roads are classified as District Distributors in the Main Roads Western Australia road hierarchy. At
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3528-487: The bodies a short distance away. James Keates claimed the reward, but his conduct was widely criticised. The Perth Gazette referred to Yagan's killing as "a wild and treacherous act ... it is revolting to hear this lauded as a meritorious deed." However, Daisy Bates understood that "he was killed in self-defence by the young lad." Keates left the colony the following month; it is possible that he left from fear of being murdered in tribal retaliation. Yagan's head
3612-458: The boundaries also included Aveley and the southern half of Ellenbrook. Like the rest of the Swan Valley region to the south, Belhus is characterised by hobby farms, orchards, vineyards and light agricultural industrial uses. The abundant waterways throughout the locality contribute to its highly fertile, loamy soils. Topographically, most of the area sits around 15 metres above sea level, rising to 25 metres along Millhouse Road. The depressions on
3696-467: The colonial administration to build two public bridges, the Upper Swan Bridge and the Ellen's Brook Bridge, across the waterways in the area. The bridges at their completion in 1851 allowed harvests from the eastern districts to be easily carted across to Cruse's mill house. The Swan Road District assumed local governance of the bridges and the wider estate lands in 1871. The Ellen's Brook Estate
3780-562: The death. Between 50 and 60 Noongar gathered at Bull Creek , where they met a party of settlers who were loading carts with provisions. Later that day, the group ambushed the lead cart, killing two settlers, Tom and John Velvick. Tribal law required only a single death for vengeance. Some historians have speculated that the Velvicks were targeted because they had previously been convicted for assaulting Aboriginal people and coloured seamen. Alexandra Hasluck has also argued that stealing provisions
3864-451: The door to parley and was killed by Yagan and Midgegooroo. Noongar tribal law required that murders be avenged by the killing of a member of the murderer's tribal group, not necessarily the murderer. The Noongar considered servants and employees to be part of the settlers' groups. Historians believe the Noongar attack on Entwhistle was retribution under their tribal law. Not understanding tribal law (and unlikely to agree with its concepts),
3948-584: The encounter but made no attempt to restrain Yagan. He later wrote, "The truth is, every one wishes him taken, but no one likes to be the captor ... there is something in his daring which one is forced to admire." On 11 July 1833, two teenage brothers named William and James Keates were herding cattle along the Swan River north of Guildford when a group of Noongar approached while en route to collect flour rations from Henry Bull 's house. The Keates brothers suggested Yagan remain with them to avoid arrest. While he
4032-408: The evidence of another Noongar elder (Albert Corunna, who claimed to be a closer relation of Yagan) and anthropologist Pat Baines, both of whom refuted Bodney's claim to sole responsibility. Yagan's skull was handed over to the Noongar delegation at a ceremony at Liverpool Town Hall on 31 August 1997. In accepting the skull, Colbung made comments that were interpreted as linking Yagan's death with
4116-402: The handover. Claiming that his family group has sole responsibility for Yagan's remains, Bodney declared the exhumation illegal and denied the existence of any tradition or belief necessitating the head's exhumation and removal to Australia. On 29 August, Justice Henry Wallwork rejected the injunction application, on the grounds that Bodney had previously agreed to the current arrangements, and on
4200-461: The head on 10 April 1964, together with a Peruvian mummy and a Māori head. They were buried in Everton Cemetery 's General Section 16, grave number 296. In later years a number of burials were made around the grave. For example, in 1968 a local hospital buried directly over the box, 20 stillborn babies and two infants who died soon after birth. For many years beginning in the early 1980s,
4284-508: The head on a table in front of a panoramic view of King George Sound reproduced from Dale's sketches. For effect, the head was adorned with a fresh corded headband and feathers of the red-tailed black cockatoo . Pettigrew had the head examined by a phrenologist. Examination was considered difficult because of the large fracture across the back of the head caused by the gunshot. His conclusions were consistent with contemporary European opinion of Indigenous Australians. Dale published these in
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#17328757250354368-457: The head to scientists, approaching a number of anatomists and phrenologists . His price of £20 failed to find a buyer, so he made an agreement with Thomas Pettigrew for the exclusive use of the head for 18 months. Pettigrew, a surgeon and antiquarian, was well known in the London social scene for holding private parties at which he unrolled and autopsied ancient Egyptian mummies . He displayed
4452-495: The head was given to a "Committee for the Reburial of Yagan's Kaat", headed by Richard Wilkes. The reburial was delayed by disputes between elders over the burial location, mainly due to uncertainty of the whereabouts of the rest of his body, and disagreement about the importance of burying the head with the body. A number of attempts were made to locate the remains of Yagan's body, which were believed to be on Lot 39 West Swan Road in
4536-419: The historian Hasluck suggests that this account is probably more indicative of "a feeling of conscience on the part of the white men" than an accurate rendering of Yagan's state of mind. Yagan asked Moore whether Midgegooroo was dead or alive. Moore gave no reply, but a servant answered that Midgegooroo was a prisoner on Carnac Island. Yagan warned, "White man shoot Midgegooroo, Yagan kill three." Moore reported
4620-616: The homestead of pioneer settler Henry Bull and the final resting place of Noongar warrior Yagan . Belhus is named after the Belhus Estate that formerly existed in the area, which was named after Belhus Mansion in England. The mansion was the ancestral seat of the Barrett-Lennard family , who came to own the Belhus Estate in the 1900s. The waterways of the Swan River and the Ellen Brook were important thoroughfares and food sources for
4704-417: The life of any man who provoked him. He is at the head and front of any mischief." On the night of 29 April, a party of Noongar broke into a Fremantle store to steal flour and they were shot at by the caretaker Peter Chidlow. Domjum, a brother of Yagan, was badly injured and died in jail a few days later. The rest of the party moved from Fremantle to Preston Point , where Yagan reportedly vowed vengeance for
4788-460: The link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Belhus&oldid=381885299 " Category : Place name disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Belhus, Western Australia Belhus is a rural north-eastern suburb of Perth , Western Australia , in
4872-601: The location of the box. Thus the exhumation was performed without disturbing any other remains. The following day, a forensic palaeontologist from the University of Bradford positively identified the skull as Yagan's by correlating the fractures with those described in Pettigrew's report. The skull was then kept at the museum until 29 August, when it was handed over to the Liverpool City Council. On 27 August 1997,
4956-465: The men to meet a party of local Noongar to encourage friendly relations in the Swan River Colony. On 26 January Yagan led a group of ten formally armed Noongars in greeting the two men near Lake Monger. The men exchanged weapons and held a corroboree , though the groups did not appear to share a language. Yagan and Gyallipert competed at spear throwing. As an example of his prowess, Yagan struck
5040-403: The millhouse all remain extant today, forming a heritage precinct. In 1833, outlawed Noongar warriors Yagan and Heegan took overnight refuge at Bull's homestead in Swan Location 1, but were shot and killed the next morning by two of Bull's cattle herders during an altercation. Their bodies were buried on the north shore of the Swan River nearby, but Yagan's head was cut off and taken away from
5124-456: The occasion of a celebration. His request was not met, and on the anniversary of Yagan's death, Colbung conducted a short memorial service at the burial plot in Everton. He returned to Australia empty-handed on 15 July. The exhumation of Yagan's head eventually proceeded, without Colbung's knowledge, by excavating 1.8 metres (6 ft) down the side of the grave, then tunnelling horizontally to
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#17328757250355208-418: The other, so as to elicit provocative responses. The disputes were "trumpeted" by The West , allowing it to "preach" against the infighting. On 25 July a public meeting was held in Perth. All parties agreed to put aside their differences and co-operate to ensure that the repatriation was a "national success". A Yagan Steering Committee was established to co-ordinate the repatriation, and Colbung's application
5292-432: The outer Perth suburb of Belhus . A remote sensing survey of the site was carried out in 1998, but no remains were found. An archaeological survey of the area was undertaken two years later, but this also was unsuccessful. Disputes then arose over whether the head could be buried separately from the body. Wilkes has claimed that it can, so long as it is placed where Yagan was killed, so that Dreamtime spirits can reunite
5376-553: The remains of the 22 infants. Colbung's solicitors requested waiver of this condition on grounds that the exhumation would be of great personal significance to Yagan's living relatives, and great national importance to Australia. Meanwhile, divisions in the Noongar community in Perth began to develop. Some elders questioned Colbung's role and one Noongar registered a complaint with the Liverpool City Council over his involvement. Media reports indicated acrimonious debate within
5460-517: The remains. In 1998 the Western Australian Planning Commission and the Department of Aboriginal Affairs jointly published a document entitled Yagan's Gravesite Master Plan , which discussed "matters of ownership, management, development and future use" of the property on which Yagan's remains are believed to be buried. Under consideration was the possibility of turning the site into an Indigenous burial site, to be managed by
5544-495: The repatriation process, many sections of the international media treated the story as a joke. For example, U.S. News & World Report ran a story under the headline Raiders of the Lost Conk , in which Yagan's head was referred to as a "pickled curio", and Colbung's actions were treated as a publicity stunt. On its return to Perth, Yagan's head continued to be a source of controversy and conflict. Responsibility for reburial of
5628-446: The right, delivered a sort of recitation, looking earnestly in my face. I regret I could not understand it, I thought from the tone and manner that the purport was this: "You came to our country — you have driven us from our haunts, and disturbed us in our occupations. As we walk in our own country we are fired upon by the white men; why should the white men treat us so?" Since Moore had little knowledge of Yagan's native language,
5712-555: The search. In the early 1990s, Colbung enlisted the aid of University of London archaeologist Peter Ucko . One of Ucko's researchers, Cressida Fforde, conducted a literature search for information on the head. Fforde successfully traced the head in December 1993. The following April, Colbung applied to exhume the remains under Section 25 of the Burial Act 1857 . Home Office regulations required next of kin consent before disturbing
5796-486: The white settlers took the killing to be an unprovoked murder and dispatched a force to arrest Yagan's group, without success. In June 1832 Yagan led a party of Noongar in attacking two labourers sowing a field of wheat alongside the Canning River near Kelmscott . One of the men, John Thomas, escaped, but the other, William Gaze, was wounded and later died as a result. The settlement declared Yagan an outlaw and offered
5880-515: The years, the Noongar asked for repatriation of the head, both for religious reasons and because of Yagan's traditional stature. The burial site was identified in 1993; officials exhumed the head four years later and repatriated it to Australia. After years of debate within the Noongar community on the appropriate final resting place, Yagan's head was buried in a traditional ceremony in the Swan Valley in July 2010, 177 years after his death. A member of
5964-456: Was about to leave for a tour of duty in India. The Colonial Office indicated satisfaction with Irwin's administration of the colony. Travelling with Irwin was Ensign Robert Dale , who had somehow acquired Yagan's head. According to the historian Paul Turnbull, Dale appears to have persuaded Irwin to let him have the head as an "anthropological curiosity". After arriving in London, Dale tried to sell
6048-498: Was allowed to proceed. In January 1995 the Home Office advised Colbung that it was unable to waive the requirement to obtain next of kin consent for the exhumation. It contacted the five relatives whose addresses were known, and received unconditional consent from only one. Accordingly, on 30 June 1995, Colbung and the other interested parties were advised that the application for exhumation had been rejected. Meeting on 21 September,
6132-559: Was an important motive in the attack, but this has been refuted elsewhere. For the killing of the Velvicks, the Lieutenant-Governor Frederick Irwin declared Yagan, Midgegooroo and Munday to be outlaws, offering rewards of £20 each for the capture of Midgegooroo and Munday, and a reward of £30 for Yagan's capture, dead or alive. Munday successfully appealed against his proscription. Midgegooroo, Yagan and their group immediately moved from their territory north towards
6216-452: Was considered to be one of the largest and most productive vineyards in the valley, regularly employing a staff of up to 70 seasonal workers and contributing to the growing reputation for wine and grape production seen elsewhere in the Swan Valley, in areas such as Henley Brook and Upper Swan. Belhus was established as a postal locality in 1972 by the Shire of Swan. The western half of the estate
6300-458: Was constructed near the millhouse by the State Government's Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions, to manage nutrient levels within the Ellen Brook catchment. Belhus is bounded by Upper Swan to the south and east, Aveley to the west and The Vines to the north. Large swathes of the Swan River and the Ellen Brook form natural boundary lines of the suburb. From 1972 to 1992,
6384-563: Was defending his land against invasion, Lyon said Yagan should not be considered a criminal but a prisoner of war and suggested he should be treated as such. At the recommendation of John Septimus Roe , the Surveyor-General of Western Australia , Yagan and his men were exiled on Carnac Island under the supervision of Lyon and two soldiers. Lyon thought he could teach Yagan British ways and convert him to Christianity. He hoped to gain his cooperation and use his tribal stature to persuade
6468-434: Was initially taken to Henry Bull's house. Moore saw it there and sketched the head a number of times in his unpublished, handwritten diary, commenting that "possibly it may yet figure in some museum at home." The head was preserved by smoking. In September 1833, Governor Irwin sailed for London, partly to give his own account of the events leading up to the killing. This was an unusual measure, especially given his regiment
6552-460: Was involved in a series of minor conflicts with settlers. In February William Watson complained that Yagan had pushed open his door, demanded a gun, and taken handkerchiefs . Watson had to give him and his companions flour and bread. The following month, Yagan was among a group who received biscuits from a military contingent under Lieutenant Norcott; when Norcott tried to restrict his supply, Yagan threatened him with his spear. Later that month, Yagan
6636-473: Was passed to the Home Office, prompting further discussions between the British and Australian Governments. Of concern to the Home Office were an undisclosed number of letters that it had received objecting to Colbung's involvement in the repatriation process; it therefore sought assurances from the Australian Government that Colbung was a correct applicant. In response Colbung asked his elders to ask
6720-696: Was probably a Ballaroke in the Noongar classification . According to the historian Neville Green, Yagan had a wife and two children. A report in the Perth Gazette in 1833 gives the names of his children as "Naral", age 9, and "Willim", age 11, but most other sources state that the warrior was unmarried and childless. When his entry in the Australian Dictionary of Biography was rewritten in 2019, Reece suggested those said to have been his sons may have been his younger brothers. Described as taller than average with an impressive burly physique, Yagan had
6804-450: Was sold to George Hardey Barrett-Lennard in 1897, who renamed it to Belhus Estate. Unlike past colonial land uses, Barrett-Lennard aggressively pursued viticulture across the estate, initially using Cruse's mill for irrigation until replacing it with a new dam and earthworks. During this time, the main road from Upper Swan to Perth was re-aligned in 1906, from what is now Cruse Road to the present-day alignment of West Swan Road , including
6888-494: Was staying with them during the morning, the brothers decided to kill the warrior and claim the reward. When the natives were ready to depart, the Keateses took their last opportunity. William Keates shot Yagan, and James shot Heegan, another native, in the act of throwing his spear. The brothers ran away, but other Noongar overtook William and speared him to death. James escaped by swimming the river. Shortly afterward he returned with
6972-504: Was then sold in 1987 to John Roberts , who founded Egerton Estate and stud in the area. Roberts also built a reconstruction of Cruse's mill house and wheel, using authentic remains of the originals that had been excavated at the site. The remaining eastern half of Belhus was subdivided into 36 residential lots by the Barrett-Lennards the following year, necessitating the construction of Millhouse Road and its accompanying bridge across
7056-458: Was with a group of Noongar who entered Watson's house while he was away. The group left after Watson's wife called on neighbours for help. The next day Captain Ellis lectured the Noongar about their behaviour. The frequent incidents prompted The Perth Gazette to remark on "the reckless daring of this desperado who sets his life at a pin's fee ... For the most trivial offence ... he would take
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