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66-584: The southern part of Belgradstraße is characterized by Neo-Renaissance and Art Nouveau buildings from around 1900. Overall, the Bavarian State Office for Monument Protection lists seventeen historical buildings on the Belgradstraße, from Kaiserstraße to the Unertlstraße the road runs along the protected building complex, Nordschwabing (E-1-62-000-42). The northern part of Belgradstraße, starting from

132-597: A 'German mind' below the surface of a real-existing, profane German nation state has later been described as a model for the conservative German resistance to Nazism , culminating in the 20 July plot . Indeed Alexander and Berthold von Stauffenberg had become acquainted with the Circle in 1923 through Albrecht von Blumenthal , shortly afterwards also their brother Claus who became a great admirer of George's work. According to some sources, at his execution he spoke his last words, " Es lebe das Geheime Deutschland! " (" Long live

198-595: A Historicist example of Classical Palladianism combined with the French Renaissance, a uniquely distinctive interpretation of the Renaissance Revival style. As mentioned above, the Neo-Renaissance style was in reality an eclectic blending of past styles, which the architect selected on the whims of his patrons. In the true Renaissance era there was a division of labour between the architect, who designed

264-733: A Renaissance influence, its first flight is similar to "The staircase of the Giants" rises from the Doge's Palace Courtyard, designed when the Venetian Gothic was being uncomfortably merged with Renaissance style. Similarly to that at Mentmore, the Staircase of the Giant's terminates on to an arcaded loggia. Perhaps not ironically the Hall and Staircase at Mentmore were designed by Paxton to display furniture formerly housed in

330-492: A building were of several floors, the uppermost floor usually had small square windows representing the minor mezzanine floor of the original Renaissance designs. However, the Neo-renaissance style later came to incorporate Romanesque and Baroque features not found in the original Renaissance architecture which was often more severe in its design. John Ruskin 's panegyrics to architectural wonders of Venice and Florence in

396-463: A cognitive penetration of the whole. The members of the homophile fellowship were associated by the aesthetic experience discovering George's poetry and their veneration of his life and work. Ritual meetings were held by an enclave of the elect: in the first reunion after World War I, at Pentecost 1919, George assembled 'twelve disciples' in Heidelberg , where Ernst Kantorowicz was solemnly accepted as

462-674: A little later, Alfred Schuler and Ludwig Klages , both members of the Munich Cosmic Circle , as well as the Polish author Waclaw Rolicz-Lieder and the Dutch poet Albert Verwey . George assembled talented young men in an order -like confraternity; he himself maintained a passionate friendship with the author and literary scholar Friedrich Gundolf whom he met in 1899. About 1902, George encountered 14-year-old Maximilian Kronberger in Munich ; when

528-467: A member of the community. After the Nazi seizure of power and George's death in 1933, several attempts to continue the Circle's traditions ultimately failed. Stefan George aimed at creating a mystical , anti- modernist society, distinguished by its aesthetic superiority and within the framework of clear hieriachies . He adopted the idea of an idealistic 'Secret Germany' ( Geheimes Deutschland ) conspiration,

594-510: A more flowing line of design than had been apparent in the earlier Gothic. The Chateau de Blois's triumphal staircase was imitated almost from the moment of its completion, and was certainly the predecessor of the "double staircase" (sometimes attributed to Leonardo da Vinci ) at the Château de Chambord just a few years later. A Grand Staircase whether based on that of Blois, or the Villa Farnese

660-638: A style not always instantly recognisable as a derivative of the Renaissance. In this less obvious guise the Neo-Renaissance was to provide an important undercurrent in totalitarian architecture of various countries, notably in Stalinist architecture of the Soviet Union , as seen in some pavilions of the All-Soviet Exhibition Centre . Neo-Renaissance architecture, because of its diversity, is perhaps

726-524: A vision of inner entity as coined by the cultural philosophers Paul de Lagarde and Julius Langbehn . Geheimes Deutschland was also the title of a poem published in George's late work Das Neue Reich ("The New Empire") in 1928, in which he proclaimed a new form of an intellectual and spiritual aristocracy, to some extent obliged to Schiller's On the Aesthetic Education of Man . The transfiguration of

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792-516: Is an outstanding ensemble of Neo-Renaissance townhouses from the last decades of the 19th century. The most famous Hungarian architect of the age, Miklós Ybl preferred Neo-Renaissance in his works. In Russia, the style was pioneered by Auguste de Montferrand in the Demidov House (1835), the first in Saint Petersburg to take "a story-by-story approach to façade ornamentation, in contrast to

858-505: Is generally accredited to Filippo Brunelleschi (1377–1446). Brunelleschi and his contemporaries wished to bring greater "order" to architecture, resulting in strong symmetry and careful proportion. The movement grew from scientific observations of nature, in particular, human anatomy. Neo-Renaissance architecture is formed by not only the original Italian architecture but by the form in which Renaissance architecture developed in France during

924-434: Is more in the lighter, more columned style of Ottaviano Nonni 's (named il Mascherino) staircase designed for Pope Gregory XIII at Rome's Palazzo Quirinale in 1584, thus demonstrating that architects wherever their location were selecting their Neo-Renaissance styles regardless of geography Gothic influences on both period and revived Renaissance architecture are readily apparent, first as much building occurred during

990-518: The British Raj in 1880, the façades of the 1777 Writers' building in Kolkata were redesigned in the Renaissance Revival style then popular in colonial India, though this version was remarkable in its unique design. Loggias of Serlian arches deceptively form an almost Indian appearance, yet they sit beneath a mansard roof. In what at first glance appears an Indian building, on closer examination shows

1056-526: The George-Kreis , "Schwabinger scandal Countess" Fanny zu Reventlow moved in 1901 temporarily into Belgradstraße. In 1912, on a brownfield site west of Belgradstraße and Luitpoldpark, in 1934 the Bad Georgenschwaige came to be. In the 1980s, Jenny Evans operated in Belgradstraße, a well known beyond Munich jazz club under the name „Jenny’s Place“, which in 1987 (in the movie moved to Duisburg )

1122-477: The Italian Renaissance . In England , the Renaissance tended to manifest itself in large square tall houses such as Longleat House (1568–1580). Often these buildings had symmetrical towers which hint at the evolution from medieval fortified architecture. This is particularly evident at Hatfield House (1607–1612), where medieval towers jostle with a large Italian cupola. This is why so many buildings of

1188-406: The Munich tram has been operating on Belgradstraße, from Kurfürstenplatz to Scheidplatz, and from 1963 to 1993 the northern part of Belgradstraße was also used by the tram, connecting to the settlement Am Hart . There is still evidence of the route today, a green strip can be seen where the tracks separate between Scheidplatz and Petuelpark. The course of Belgradstraße follows the northern part of

1254-755: The Palais Leuchtenberg (1817–21), by Leo von Klenze , then adopted as a state style under the reign of Ludwig I of Bavaria for such landmarks as the Alte Pinakothek (1826–36), the Konigbau wing of the Munich Residenz (1825–35), and the Bavarian State Library (1831–43). While the beginning of Neo-Renaissance period can be defined by its simplicity and severity, what came later was far more ornate in its design. This period can be defined by some of

1320-635: The Türkengraben , built in 1702-1704 as a connecting channel from the Nymphenburg-Biedersteiner canal to Munich Residenz and was refilled in 1811 again. In 1764, the Schwaige St. Georgenschwaige (1568 St. Georgen, 1620 at St. Georgen) was first named at the junction of the Turkish moat and canal. In 1826, an open-air swimming pool was opened here and a restaurant was built in the former bleach house,

1386-621: The " Bohemian countess" Fanny zu Reventlow , acquainted with the Munich Cosmic Circle, satirized George's friends for their melodramatic actions and views. According to the sociologist Max Weber , the selected group gathering around a charismatic mastermind took on traits of a sect . The teacher-student ratio formed a constituting characteristic of the group, with George and a small number of ingenious beings, such as Karl Wolfskehl and Ludwig Klages, empowered to create their own art by divine inspiration. These blessed minds aimed at depicting

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1452-1168: The "famous because of their free intercourse pension", that their owners are "aware of the polices' sharp observation." Karl Wolfskehl , on the other hand, dedicated his poem to Fürmann,"Vater der Fahrenden". Vater der Fahrenden // Zum Gedächtnis Fürmanns, des Gründers und Erhalters des Künstlerheims an der Belgradstrasse, Schwabing // Lex mihi ars! im Doppelsinn war dein Motto. / Vorm Satan, nicht vor Gott verlorst im Lotto. / Kein Spritzer Spiessergift trügt’ deinen Blankschild, / Im Dom der Herzen stehn als Denkbild, Dankbild / Dein gilbend Haus - Baracke oder Schloss? / Der Saal, wo Lied und Kuss den Alltag schloss, / Doch wer vom Bau pochte umsonst die Tür an, / Vernahm nicht gleich im Chor: „Boheimchen, führ an! …“ / Zum Schluss trog noch dein Freitod schleimgen Tryrann! / Denn jetzt half überlegnen Lachens Wehr nicht, / Betreu uns auch im Ewigen Schwabing, Fürmann, / Auch drüben die berühmte Bowle rühr an / Und kreid auch dort uns nie gestundete Gebühr an! The often assigned to

1518-627: The 16th century. During the early years of the 16th century, the French were involved in the Italian Wars , bringing back to France not just the Renaissance art treasures as their war booty , but also stylistic ideas. In the Loire valley a wave of chateau building was carried out using traditional French Gothic styles but with ornament in the forms of pediments, arcades, shallow pilasters and entablatures from

1584-523: The 1850s contributed to shifting "the attention of scholars and designers, with their awareness heightened by debate and restoration work" from Late Neoclassicism and Gothic Revival to the Italian Renaissance. Like all architectural styles, the Neo-Renaissance did not appear overnight fully formed but evolved slowly. One of the first signs of its emergence was the Würzburg Women's Prison, which

1650-542: The 19th century. As a consequence, a self-consciously "Neo-Renaissance" manner first began to appear c.  1840 . By 1890 this movement was already in decline. The Hague 's Peace Palace completed in 1913, in a heavy French Neo-Renaissance manner was one of the last notable buildings in this style. Charles Barry introduced the Neo-Renaissance to England with his design of the Travellers Club , Pall Mall (1829–1832). Other early but typical, domestic examples of

1716-488: The 20th century, the then Belgradstraße 57 (1903-1936), with the "Pension Fürmann" was also a culmination of the Schwabinger Bohème . After 1936, the house number was changed to 61. The Swiss Heinrich Fürmann (* 1870, † 1936), operated the pension together with his wife Luise (Lulu), in a converted horse stable. Guests often stayed more than a year, often rent was deferred, food and drink costed almost nothing. As such,

1782-598: The American architect Henry Hobson Richardson whose work in the Neo-Renaissance style was popular in the US during the 1880s. Richardson's style at the end or the revival era was a severe mix of both Romanesque and Renaissance features. This was exemplified by his "Marshall Field Warehouse" in Chicago (completed in 1887, now demolished). Neo-Renaissance was adopted early in Munich , often based directly on Italian Palazzi, first appearing in

1848-739: The Arts"), the group featured many highly regarded writers and academics. In addition to sharing cultural interests, the circle reflected mystical and political themes within the sphere of the Conservative Revolutionary movement . The group disbanded when George died in December 1933. George began publishing poems modelled on French Symbolism in the 1890s. In 1892, he created the Blätter für die Kunst magazine, mainly to publish own works and those by his admirers. Among his followers were Karl Wolfskehl and,

1914-525: The Doge's Palace. Paris is home to many historicist buildings that partake equally from Renaissance and Baroque source material, such as the Opera Garnier . However, the Parisian Hôtel de Ville faithfully replicates the true French Renaissance style, complete with the steeply pitched roofs and towers, as it was a reconstruction, completed c.  1880 , of the previous Hôtel de Ville . In

1980-845: The German version of Neo-Renaissance culminated in such projects as the Town Hall in Hamburg (1886–1897) and the Reichstag in Berlin (completed in 1894). In Austria, it was pioneered by such illustrious names as Rudolf Eitelberger , the founder of the Viennese College of Arts and Crafts (today the University of Applied Arts Vienna ). The style found particular favour in Vienna , where whole streets and blocks were built in

2046-851: The London Foreign Office in this style between 1860 and 1875, it also incorporated certain Palladian features. Starting with the orangery of Sanssouci (1851), "the Neo-Renaissance became the obligatory style for university and public buildings, for banks and financial institutions, and for the urban villas" in Germany. Among the most accomplished examples of the style were Villa Meyer in Dresden, Villa Haas in Hesse , Palais Borsig in Berlin , Villa Meissner in Leipzig ;

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2112-483: The Neo-Renaissance include Mentmore Towers and the Château de Ferrières , both designed in the 1850s by Joseph Paxton for members of the Rothschild banking family. The style is characterized by original Renaissance motifs , taken from such Quattrocento architects as Alberti . These motifs included rusticated masonry and quoins , windows framed by architraves and doors crowned by pediments and entablatures . If

2178-595: The Scheidplatz, is dominated in the west by Luitpoldpark and Bad Georgenschwaige. At the corner of Belgradstraße to Parzivalstraße is the "ladies club on Luitpoldpark", founded in 1862 by King Maximilian II of Bavaria , which moved in 1956 from the bombed Dragon Castle to the current premises. The northern end of Belgradstraße is formed by the Nymphenburg-Biedersteiner Canal and the Petuelpark. Since 1959

2244-467: The adolescent died of meningitis two years later, he was "idealized [by George] to the point of proclaiming him a god, following his death... the cult of 'Maximin' became an integral part of the George circle's practice..." The Maximin-Erlebnis provided George with inspiration for his work in subsequent years. Robert Boehringer , head of the Boehringer Ingelheim pharmaceutical company, joined

2310-468: The ambitions of wealthy Americans in equaling and surpassing the ostentatious lifestyles of European aristocrats. During the latter half of the 19th century 5th Avenue in New York City was lined with "Renaissance" French chateaux and Italian palazzi , all designed in Neo-Renaissance styles. Most of these have since been demolished. One of the most widely copied features of Renaissance architecture were

2376-460: The beginning of the 20th century, Neo-Renaissance was a commonplace sight on the main streets of thousands of towns, large and small, around the world. In southern Europe the Neo-Renaissance style began to fall from favour c.  1900 . However, it was still extensively practiced in the 1910s in Saint Petersburg and Buenos Aires by such architects as Leon Benois , Marian Peretyatkovich , or Francisco Tamburini ( picture ). In England it

2442-793: The broad designation Renaissance architecture 19th-century architects and critics went beyond the architectural style which began in Florence and Central Italy in the early 15th century as an expression of Renaissance humanism ; they also included styles that can be identified as Mannerist or Baroque . Self-applied style designations were rife in the mid- and later 19th century: "Neo-Renaissance" might be applied by contemporaries to structures that others called " Italianate ", or when many French Baroque features are present ( Second Empire ). The divergent forms of Renaissance architecture in different parts of Europe, particularly in France and Italy , has added to

2508-507: The circle in 1905; he later became George's literary executor. Still in 1919, George befriended the young historian Ernst Kantorowicz and guided him to write his biography of Emperor Frederick II . The Circle presented itself as an assembly of young elitist writers with George as undisputed head, mentor and saviour, similar to the esoteric circle around Albert von Schrenck-Notzing or other poet collectives at that time, and already mocked by contemporaries like Otto Julius Bierbaum . Later

2574-574: The classical method, where the façade was conceived as a unit." Konstantin Thon , the most popular Russian architect of the time, used Italianate elements profusely for decorating some interiors of the Grand Kremlin Palace (1837–1851). Another fashionable architect, Andrei Stackenschneider , was responsible for Mariinsky Palace (1839–1844), with "the faceted rough-hewn stone of the first floor" reminiscent of 16th-century Italian palazzi. The style

2640-584: The difficulty of defining and recognizing Neo-Renaissance architecture. A comparison between the breadth of its source material, such as the English Wollaton Hall , Italian Palazzo Pitti , the French Château de Chambord , and the Russian Palace of Facets —all deemed "Renaissance"—illustrates the variety of appearances the same architectural label can take. The origin of Renaissance architecture

2706-510: The early English Neo-Renaissance style often have more of a "castle air" than their continental European contemporaries, which can add again to the confusion with the Gothic Revival style . When the revival of Renaissance style architecture came en vogue in the mid 19th century, it often materialized not just in its original form first seen in Italy, but as a hybrid of all its forms according to

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2772-465: The exterior highly visible shell, and others—the artisans—who decorated and arranged the interior. The original Italian mannerist house was a place for relaxation and entertaining, convenience and comfort of the interior being a priority; in the later Baroque designs, comfort and interior design were secondary to outward appearance. This was followed by the Neoclassical period, which gave importance to

2838-502: The first "picture windows", but also the blending of architectural styles allowed interiors and exteriors to be treated differently. It was at this time that the concept of "furnishing styles" manifested itself, allowing distinctions to be made between interior rooms and external appearances, and indeed between the various rooms themselves. Thus the modern concept of treating a room individually, and differently from its setting and neighbours, came into its infancy. Classic examples of this are

2904-604: The great Rothschild house in Buckinghamshire , hybrids of various Renaissance chateaux , and 16th century English country houses , all with interiors ranging from "Versailles" to " Medici ", and in the case of Mentmore Towers a huge central hall, resembling the arcaded courtyard of a Renaissance villa, conveniently glazed over, furnished in Venetian style and heated by a fireplace designed by Rubens for his house in Antwerp By

2970-441: The great opera houses of Europe, such as Gottfried Semper 's Burgtheater in Vienna, and his Opera house in Dresden . This ornate form of the Neo-Renaissance, originating from France, is sometimes known as the "Second Empire" style, by now it also incorporated some Baroque elements. By 1875 it had become the accepted style in Europe for all public and bureaucratic buildings. In England, where Sir George Gilbert Scott designed

3036-481: The great staircases from the chateaux of Blois and Chambord . Blois had been the favourite residence of the French Kings throughout the renaissance. The Francis I wing, completed in 1524, of which the staircase is an integral part was one of the earliest examples of French Renaissance . French renaissance architecture was a combination of the earlier Gothic style coupled with a strong Italian influence represented by arches, arcades, balustrading and, in general,

3102-445: The interior of their palace church (1909–1916) near Moscow to be decorated in strict imitation of the 16th-century Venetian churches. The style spread to North America , where it became a favourite domestic architectural style of the wealthiest Americans. The Breakers in Newport, Rhode Island , was a residence of the Vanderbilt family designed by Richard Morris Hunt in 1892; it and contemporaneous Gilded Age mansions exemplify

3168-407: The one at the Warsaw University of Technology designed by Bronisław Rogóyski and Stefan Szyller (late 19th century), both rise from pastiches of true Renaissance courtyards. Both staircases seem more akin to Balthasar Neumann 's great Baroque staircase at the Würzburg Residenz than anything found in a true Renaissance Palazzo. The apparent Baroque style staircase at Mentmore is not without

3234-474: The only style of architecture to have existed in so many forms, yet still common to so many countries. George-Kreis The George-Kreis ( German pronunciation: [ɡeːˈɔʁ.gə kʁaɪ̯s] ; George Circle) was an influential German literary group centred on the charismatic author Stefan George . Formed in the late 19th century, when George published a new literary magazine called Blätter für die Kunst  [ de ] ("Journal for

3300-409: The pension attracted artists from all over the world. René Prévot lived for some time in the popular guesthouse, and in his room Ricarda Huch previously lived there. Ernst Zeno Ichenhäuser grew up in the house of the pension Fürmann. Stefan George lived with his most important son, Friedrich Gundolf , in the gable room of a gardener's house belonging to pension Fürmann, from March 1903 and there he

3366-482: The period of transition from the Gothic to the Renaissance style; and also as Renaissance−era design took the form of the addition of Renaissance ornamentation to Gothic−era buildings thus creating an accretion of details from disparate sources. Architects who designed in the Renaissance Revival style usually avoided any references to Gothic Revival architecture, drawing instead on a variety of other classically based styles. However, there are exceptions and occasionally

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3432-411: The plan of the royal capital and residence city of Munich from 1858/59, the Belgradstraße is marked as "leading to Georgenschwaig" and apart from a few buildings on the later Kurfürstenplatz, still completely undeveloped. The city of Munich wrote out a competition for the expansion of the city and in 1892 began a construction boom according to a development plan by Theodor Fischer . In the first third of

3498-428: The proportions and dignity of interiors, but still lost the comfort and internal convenience of the mannerist period. It was during the Neo-Renaissance period of the 19th century that the mannerist comforts were re-discovered and taken a step further. Not only did the improved building techniques of the 1850s allow the glazing of formerly open loggias and arches with the newly invented sheets of plate glass, providing

3564-423: The so-called "Dutch bleach". In 1850, it was renamed by the owner and became the "Bad Georgenschwaige". In 1850, it was announced in Munich Tagblatt that a license was granted to a Lohnkutscher for passenger trips by horsebusses to Georgenschweige. Until the incorporation of the district of Schwabing, in 1890, to Munich, the city limit boundary was around Munich, at the height of the later Kurfürstenplatz. In

3630-436: The so-called Neo-Renaissance style, in reality, a classicizing conglomeration of elements liberally borrowed from different historical periods. Neo-Renaissance was also the favourite style in Kingdom of Hungary in the 1870s and 1880s. In the fast-growing capital, Budapest many monumental public buildings were built in Neo-Renaissance style like Saint Stephen's Basilica and the Hungarian State Opera House . Andrássy Avenue

3696-422: The two distinct styles are mixed. The sub-variety of Gothic design most frequently employed is floral Venetian Gothic , as seen in the Doge's Palace courtyard, built in the 1480s. A common Baroque feature introduced into the Renaissance Revival styles was the "imperial staircase" (a single straight flight dividing into two separate flights). The staircase at Mentmore Towers designed by Joseph Paxton, and

3762-417: The whims of architects and patrons, an approach typical of the mid and late 19th century. Modern scholarship defines the styles following the Renaissance as Mannerist and Baroque , two very different, even opposing styles of architecture , but the architects of the mid 19th century understood them as part of a continuum, often simply called 'Italian', and freely combined them all, as well as Renaissance as it

3828-426: The world by creating a poetic language that recognizes and constitutes the archetypical perception. They should be differentiated from those who only could receive inspiration in a derivative form, similar to the concept of Mimesis and Dionysian imitatio , and were dependent on spiritual guidance. Hugo von Hofmannsthal , initially one of George's admirers, later criticized these ideas as "hypocritical" and only faking

3894-407: Was erected in 1809 designed by Peter Speeth . It included a heavily rusticated ground floor, alleviated by one semicircular arch, with a curious Egyptian style miniature portico above, high above this were a sequence of six tall arched windows and above these just beneath the slightly projecting roof were the small windows of the upper floor. This building foreshadows similar effects in the work of

3960-440: Was first practiced in other countries. Thus Italian, French and Flemish Renaissance coupled with the amount of borrowing from these later periods can cause great difficulty and argument in correctly identifying various forms of 19th-century architecture. Differentiating some forms of French Neo-Renaissance buildings from those of the Gothic revival can at times be especially tricky, as both styles were simultaneously popular during

4026-440: Was further elaborated by architects of the Vladimir Palace (1867–1872) and culminated in the Stieglitz Museum (1885–1896). In Moscow , the Neo-Renaissance was less prevalent than in the Northern capital, although interiors of the neo-Muscovite City Duma (1890–1892) were executed with emphasis on Florentine and Venetian décor. While the Neo-Renaissance is associated primarily with secular buildings, Princes Yusupov commissioned

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4092-445: Was in fact a truly internal feature. Further and more adventurous use of glass also enabled the open and arcaded Renaissance courtyards to be reproduced as lofty halls with glazed roofs. This was a feature at Mentmore Towers and on a far larger scale at the Warsaw University of Technology , where the large glazed court contained a monumental staircase. The "Warsaw University of Technology staircase", though if Renaissance in spirit at all,

4158-429: Was so common that today one finds "Renaissance Italian Palazzi" serving as banks or municipal buildings in the centres of even the smallest towns. It has been said " It is a well-known fact that the nineteenth century had no art style of its own. " While to an extent this may be true, the same could be said of most eras until the early 20th century, the Neo-Renaissance in the hands of provincial architects did develop into

4224-424: Was the " Tatort " of the crime scene thriller "Spielverderber"  [ de ] . Renaissance Revival architecture Renaissance Revival architecture (sometimes referred to as " Neo-Renaissance ") is a group of 19th-century architectural revival styles which were neither Greek Revival nor Gothic Revival but which instead drew inspiration from a wide range of classicizing Italian modes. Under

4290-431: Was to become one of the features of Neo-Renaissance design. It became a common feature for the staircase to be not just a feature of the internal architecture but also the external. But whereas at Blois the stairs had been open to the elements in the 19th century new and innovative use of glass was able to give protection from the weather, giving the staircase the appearance of being in the true renaissance open style, when it

4356-528: Was visited by Maximilian Kronberger . Else Lasker-Schüler and also Franz Jung with his wife Margot were there. Friedrich Georg Jünger followed his resident friend Alexander Mitscherlich , who in turn got to know the two-year-old medical student Melitta Behr there. The latter was later known as Melitta Mitscherlich. Ernst Moritz Engert was a regular guest there, as well as Gustav Wyneken , who lived there with Elisabeth Salomon (later known as Elisabeth Gundolf). The Munich Police Directorate wrote in 1914 about

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