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97-490: According to Chinaculture.org notable performers that have appeared at the festival include Martha Argerich , Pinchas Zukerman , Jean-Yves Thibaudet , Emanuel Ax , Murray Perahia , Julian Lloyd Webber , Maxim Vengerov , Christoph Eschenbach , Tan Dun , Kathleen Battle , Du Yun , José Carreras , Sarah Chang , Augustin Dumay , Valery Gergiev , Mischa Maisky , Krzysztof Penderecki , Isaac Stern , Melvyn Tan , Fou Ts'ong ,

194-432: A "Dialogue with Mahler" theme, curated and conducted by conductor John Warner. Joined by a range of soloists including Wu Wei, Juxiao Fu and Yunpeng Wang they gave world premieres of works by Sasha Scott, Zhenyan Li, Wang Ying and Faykueen Wang and Chinese premieres of works by Sir George Benjamin and Olivier Messiaen . The festival also programmed the symphonic dance The Monkey King , composed by Liu Sola and inspired by

291-425: A 2012 documentary film about her mother, titled Bloody Daughter . Don Giovanni Don Giovanni ( Italian pronunciation: [ˌdɔn dʒoˈvanni] ; K. 527 ; Vienna (1788) title: Il dissoluto punito, ossia il Don Giovanni , literally The Rake Punished, or Don Giovanni ) is an opera in two acts with music by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart to an Italian libretto by Lorenzo Da Ponte . Its subject

388-559: A 2019 interview that she is strongly against capital punishment and admires the French politician Robert Badinter , who enacted the abolition of the death penalty in France. Her friend pianist Daniel Barenboim stated that when he contacted the Argentine president Mauricio Macri in 2016, asking him to accept Syrian refugees into the country, it was also on behalf of Argerich. In 1990, Argerich

485-720: A September 26 jazz concert, the Icelandic cellist and singer Laufey Lin performed with the China Philharmonic Orchestra under Jin Yukuang. The Shanghai Quartet returned on October 2, performing Stravinsky's Pulcinella Suite and John Adams's Absolute Jest with the Shanghai Symphony Orchestra . From October 10 to 15, the Mahler Foundation Festival Orchestra performed four concerts with

582-464: A bit vulgar at times, but in this of all concertos, with Barenboim and the orchestra following each twist and turn, every little quickening and moment of expressive reflection, it seemed entirely appropriate". Argerich returned to the Proms at the age of 78 in 2019 to perform Tchaikovsky 's First Piano Concerto under the baton of Barenboim, a performance described as "mesmerizing". Argerich's first marriage

679-622: A documentary in memory of conductor and composer Krzysztof Penderecki ; the BMF debut of the Suzhou Chinese Orchestra; ten Music at Noon concerts; and the festival closing performance in celebration of China Philharmonic's 20th anniversary with five 20-year-old Chinese artists joining. "Masters and Celebrations" was the theme for BMF's 24th festival, which took place from October 9-24, 2021. The Festival presented 21 unique programs over 16 days. Five concerts are available to watch online including

776-492: A duel. Don Giovanni kills the Commendatore with his sword and escapes with Leporello. Donna Anna, returning with her fiancé, Don Ottavio, is horrified to see her father lying dead in a pool of his own blood. She makes Don Ottavio swear vengeance against the unknown murderer. (Duet: " Ah, vendicar, se il puoi, giura quel sangue ognor! " – "Ah, swear to avenge that blood if you can!") Leporello tells Don Giovanni that he (Giovanni)

873-478: A five-year planned collaboration between BMF and Festival d'Aix-en-Provence . Other performances included Mozart 's Don Giovanni presented as an immersive theatrical experience with visual effects; Blank Out , a 3D mini opera by Dutch composer Michel van der Aa ; and the complete symphonic works of Tchaikovsky . Held from October 8 to 29, 2017, the theme of BMF's 2017 festival was "Beijing Music Festival at 20" to commemorate its 20th anniversary. Highlights of

970-701: A fuss." Argerich started learning the piano at the age of three. At the age of five, she moved to teacher Vincenzo Scaramuzza , who stressed to her the importance of lyricism and feeling. Argerich gave her debut concert in 1949 at the age of eight. The family moved to Europe in 1955, where Argerich studied with Friedrich Gulda in Austria, whom Argerich describes as one of her major influences. She later studied with Stefan Askenase and Maria Curcio . Argerich also seized opportunities for brief periods of coaching with Madeleine Lipatti (widow of Dinu Lipatti ), Abbey Simon , and Nikita Magaloff . In 1957, at sixteen, she won both

1067-508: A member of the jury at international competitions. The pianist Ivo Pogorelić was thrust into the musical spotlight partly as a result of Argerich's actions: after he was eliminated in the third round of the 1980 International Chopin Piano Competition in Warsaw , Argerich proclaimed him a genius and left the jury in protest. According to Đặng Thái Sơn , the eventual winner, Argerich made

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1164-523: A number of operas: Nicklausse of Offenbach 's The Tales of Hoffmann sings a snatch of Leporello's " Notte e giorno ", and Rossini quotes from the same aria in the duettino between Selim and Fiorilla following the former's cavatina in act 1 of Il turco in Italia . Ramón Carnicer 's opera Don Giovanni Tenorio  [ es ] (1822) is a peculiar reworking of Mozart's opera to adapt it to Rossinian fashion. It comprises new music by Carnicer on

1261-419: A particular connection. Argerich has often remarked in interviews of feeling "lonely" on stage during solo performances. Since the 1980s, she has staged few solo performances, concentrating instead on concertos and, in particular, chamber music , and collaborating with instrumentalists in sonatas . Argerich has also promoted younger pianists, both through her annual festival and through her appearances as

1358-432: A peace offering of money (Duet: "Eh via buffone" – "Go on, fool"). Wanting to seduce Donna Elvira's maid, and believing that she will trust him better if he appears in lower-class clothes, Don Giovanni orders Leporello to exchange cloak and hat with him. Donna Elvira comes to her window (Trio: "Ah taci, ingiusto core" – "Ah, be quiet unjust heart"). Seeing an opportunity for a game, Don Giovanni hides and sends Leporello out in

1455-527: A recital at Carnegie Hall benefiting the institute. As of 2023 , Argerich remains cancer-free. In August 2023 she was forced to cancel several concerts in Germany and Switzerland due to an undisclosed illness. In 2002, director Georges Gachot  [ de ] released Martha Argerich: Conversation nocturne (Martha Argerich: Evening Talks) , a documentary film about Argerich. Stéphanie Argerich Blagojevic, using film she had shot since childhood, directed

1552-410: A short misterioso sequence which leads into a light-hearted D major allegro. Leporello, Don Giovanni's servant, grumbles about his demanding master and daydreams about being free of him (" Notte e giorno faticar " – "Night and day I slave away"). He is keeping watch while Don Giovanni is in the Commendatore's house attempting to seduce the Commendatore's daughter, Donna Anna. Don Giovanni enters

1649-615: A theme from the duet "O, statua gentilissima" for his set of piano variations. Chopin wrote Variations on "Là ci darem la mano" (the duet between Don Giovanni and Zerlina) for piano and orchestra. Beethoven and Danzi also wrote variations on the same theme. And Beethoven, in his Diabelli Variations , cites the beginning of the opera " Notte e giorno faticar " in variation 22. Cipriani Potter wrote piano variations on "Fin ch'han dal vino", Op. 2 (1816). The turkeys in Chabrier 's "Ballade des gros dindons" (1889) finish each verse imitating

1746-507: Is 30 minutes longer than the original work. The commissioned version premiered on October 24, 2007 by the China Philharmonic Orchestra under the baton of its composer. BMF co-commissioned Zhou Long 's first opera, Madame White Snake , with Opera Boston , which marked the first collaboration between BMF and an American opera company. Based on the Chinese legend of the White Snake , the work

1843-533: Is a centuries-old Spanish legend about a libertine as told by playwright Tirso de Molina in his 1630 play El burlador de Sevilla y convidado de piedra . It is a dramma giocoso blending comedy, melodrama and supernatural elements (although the composer entered it into his catalogue simply as opera buffa ). It was premiered by the Prague Italian opera at the National Theatre (of Bohemia), now called

1940-481: Is a false-hearted seducer. Don Giovanni tries to convince Don Ottavio and Donna Anna that Donna Elvira is insane (Quartet: " Non ti fidar, o misera " – "Don't trust him, oh sad one"). As Don Giovanni leaves, Donna Anna suddenly recognises him as her father's murderer and tells Don Ottavio the story of his intrusion, claiming that she was deceived at first because she was expecting a night visit from Don Ottavio himself, but managed to fight Don Giovanni off after discovering

2037-718: Is all too familiar with the final tune ( Questa poi la conosco purtroppo ) – likely a joke understandable for the original audience, as Felice Ponziani, who sang Leporello's part at the premiere, also sang Figaro's part (including "Non più andrai") earlier in Prague. (Finale "Già la mensa è preparata" – "Already the table is prepared"). Donna Elvira enters, saying that she no longer feels resentment against Don Giovanni, only pity for him. ("L'ultima prova dell'amor mio" – "The final proof of my love"). Don Giovanni, surprised, asks what she wants, and she begs him to change his life. Don Giovanni taunts her and then turns away, praising wine and women as

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2134-757: Is an Argentine classical concert pianist . She is widely considered to be one of the greatest pianists of all time. Born and raised in Buenos Aires , Argerich gave her debut concert at the age of eight before receiving further piano training in Europe. At an early age, she won several competitions, including the VII International Chopin Piano Competition and the Ferruccio Busoni Competition and has since recorded numerous albums and performed with leading orchestras worldwide. Argerich

2231-687: Is based on the Chinese film Farewell My Concubine . BMF partners with the Central Conservatory of Music to hold master classes for music students with such musicians as Isaac Stern , Ken Nagano , Fou Ts'ong , Warren Mok , Melvyn Tan , Jian Wang , and the Kodály Quartet . They also hold free children's concerts, pre-performance lectures, and student concerts. The artistic committee includes: Martha Argerich Martha Argerich ( Spanish pronunciation: [ˈmaɾta aɾxeˈɾitʃ] ; Eastern Catalan: [əɾʒəˈɾik] ; born 5 June 1941)

2328-521: Is faithful ("Non mi dir" – "Tell me not"). Don Giovanni revels in the luxury of a great meal, served by Leporello, and musical entertainment during which the orchestra plays music from popular (at the time) late-18th-century operas: "O quanto un sì bel giubilo" from Vicente Martín y Soler 's Una cosa rara (1786), "Come un agnello" from Giuseppe Sarti 's Fra i due litiganti il terzo gode (1782), and finally " Non più andrai " from Mozart's own The Marriage of Figaro (1786). Leporello comments that he

2425-503: Is immediately attracted to Zerlina, and he attempts to remove the jealous Masetto by offering to host a wedding celebration at his castle. On realising that Don Giovanni means to remain behind with Zerlina, Masetto becomes angry (" Ho capito! Signor, sì " – "I understand! Yes, my lord!") but is forced to leave. Don Giovanni and Zerlina are soon alone and he immediately begins his seductive arts (Duet: " Là ci darem la mano " – "There we will entwine our hands"). Donna Elvira arrives and thwarts

2522-444: Is leading a rotten life; Don Giovanni reacts angrily. They hear a woman (Donna Elvira) singing of having been abandoned by her lover, on whom she is seeking revenge (" Ah, chi mi dice mai " – "Ah, who could ever tell me"). Don Giovanni starts to flirt with her, but it turns out he is the former lover she is seeking. The two recognise each other and she reproaches him bitterly. He shoves Leporello forward, ordering him to tell Donna Elvira

2619-529: Is now convinced that Don Giovanni murdered Donna Anna's father (the deceased Commendatore). He swears vengeance (" Il mio tesoro " – "My treasure" – though in the Vienna version this was cut). In the Vienna production of the opera, Zerlina follows Leporello and recaptures him. Threatening him with a razor, she ties him to a stool. He attempts to sweet-talk her out of hurting him. (Duet: "Per queste tue manine" – "For these hands of yours"). Zerlina goes to find Masetto and

2716-422: Is overcome by sudden chills. The statue offers him a final chance to repent as death draws near, but Don Giovanni adamantly refuses. The statue disappears and Don Giovanni cries out in pain and terror as he is surrounded by a chorus of demons, who carry him down to Hell. Leporello, watching from under the table, also cries out in fear. Donna Anna, Don Ottavio, Donna Elvira, Zerlina, and Masetto arrive, searching for

2813-515: Is really my musical reflection of Chopin's time and the life he lived. The title captures a bit of Chopin's life, about where he came from and the world he lived in, and what became of him when that world no longer existed." BMF commissioned the opera, Song of Farewell by Ye Xiaogang , and gave the world premiere during the closing concerts of the 13th festival, October 30 and 31, 2010. The work fuses Peking opera and Western opera with its traditional Chinese staging and Puccini -like score. The work

2910-539: Is usually retained as well. The duet " Per queste tue manine " and the whole accompanying scene involving Zerlina and Leporello from the Viennese version is almost never included. Although the same singer played both Masetto and the Commendatore roles in both the Prague and Vienna premieres, in modern-day productions, the roles are typically taken by different singers (unless limited by such things as finance or rehearsal time and space). The final scene's chorus of demons after

3007-546: The Estates Theatre , on 29 October 1787. Don Giovanni is regarded as one of the greatest operas of all time, and has proved a fruitful subject for commentary in its own right; critic Fiona Maddocks has described it as one of Mozart's "trio of masterpieces with librettos by Da Ponte". The opera was commissioned after the success of Mozart's trip to Prague in January and February 1787. The subject may have been chosen because

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3104-688: The Geneva International Music Competition and the Ferruccio Busoni International Competition within three weeks of each other. Following this success, Argerich had a personal and artistic crisis. After an abortive attempt to study with the Italian pianist Arturo Benedetti Michelangeli , who gave her only four lessons in the space of 18 months, she went to New York City , hoping but failing to meet and study with her idol, Vladimir Horowitz . She did not play

3201-463: The Kodály Quartet , and the New London Consort . In June 2018, the president and artistic director of BMF for 20 years, world-renowned Chinese conductor Long Yu , stepped down passing the artistic director role to Shuang Zou. Long Yu is now the chair of the artistic committee. Beijing Music Festival is a non-profit organization which was founded in 1998 by Long Yu , with the endorsement of

3298-723: The Lugano Festival. She has also created and been a General Director of the Argerich Music Festival and Encounter in Beppu , Japan, since 1996. Her aversion to the press and publicity has resulted in her remaining out of the limelight for most of her career. Nevertheless, she is widely recognized as one of the greatest pianists in history. Her performance of Liszt's First Piano Concerto conducted by Daniel Barenboim at The Proms 2016 prompted this review in The Guardian : "It

3395-647: The Ministry of Culture and the Beijing Municipal Government. The festival has presented numerous historical performances such as the China premiere of Gustav Mahler 's Symphony No. 8 (2002), the Asian premiere of Alban Berg 's opera, Lulu (2002); Guo Wenjing 's operas, Ye Yan (2003) and Wolf Club Village (2003); and the China premiere of Richard Wagner 's complete Ring Cycle (2005). The festival encourages

3492-606: The VII International Chopin Piano Competition in Warsaw in 1965, at age 24. In that same year, she debuted in the United States in Lincoln Center 's Great Performers Series. In 1960, she had made her first commercial recording, which included works by Chopin , Brahms , Ravel , Prokofiev , and Liszt ; it received critical acclaim upon its release in 1961. She has since recorded works by composers including Ginastera , Rachmaninoff and Schumann , to whom she describes feeling

3589-486: The "beautiful gesture" of sending a public telegram to the judging committee to congratulate him, after learning the final results. She has supported several artists, including Gabriela Montero , Mauricio Vallina , Sergio Tiempo , Roberto Carnevale , Gabriele Baldocci , and Christopher Falzone . Argerich is the president of the International Piano Academy Lake Como and performs annually at

3686-466: The "support and glory of humankind" ( sostegno e gloria d'umanità ). Hurt and angry, Donna Elvira gives up and leaves. Offstage, she screams in sudden terror. Don Giovanni orders Leporello to see what has upset her; when he does, he also cries out, and runs back into the room, stammering that the statue has appeared as promised. An ominous knocking sounds at the door. Leporello, paralyzed by fear, cannot answer it, so Don Giovanni opens it himself, revealing

3783-427: The 1970s, Argerich had a relationship with American pianist Stephen Kovacevich , with whom she had her third daughter, Stéphanie. Although they made few recordings together during their relationship, Argerich and Kovacevich still frequently perform together. Stéphanie Argerich explains in her film Bloody Daughter that as her parents were not married, they tossed a coin to name their daughter, for which Argerich won

3880-429: The 2023 Beijing Music Festival took place from September 22 to October 15. It was BMF's 25th/26th festival — postponed from 2022 because of Covid — and consisted of 28 performances. With the theme of Music·Youth·Future·Attitude , the festival opened with the world premiere of Homage to Liu Tianhua , in memory of Liu , China's pioneer of modern music. It was composed by Zou Ye and is based on Liu's instrumental music. At

3977-496: The 20th century and productions of the opera now usually include it. The return to D major and the innocent simplicity of the last few bars conclude the opera. Paul Czinner directed a filming of the Salzburg Festival presentation in 1954. A screen adaptation was directed by Joseph Losey in 1979. The Danish philosopher Søren Kierkegaard wrote a long essay in his book Enten – Eller in which he argues, writing under

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4074-465: The 41 events and outreach activities included an 11-hour orchestral marathon with nine Chinese symphony orchestras, a joint production with Salzburg Easter Festival of Richard Wagner 's opera Die Walküre with Hong Kong Philharmonic Orchestra under Jaap van Zweden , and the premiere of Qigang Chen 's Violin Concerto by violinist Maxim Vengerov at the closing concert. Outreach events including

4171-421: The Commendatore's exit gives the singer time for a costume change before entering as Masetto for the sextet, though not much time. The instrumentation is: Don Giovanni, a young, arrogant, and sexually promiscuous nobleman, abuses and outrages everyone else in the cast until he encounters something he cannot kill, beat up, dodge, or outwit. The overture begins with a thundering D minor cadence, followed by

4268-420: The ballroom scene at the end of the first act, Mozart calls for two onstage ensembles to play separate dance music in synchronization with the pit orchestra, each of the three groups playing in its own metre (a 3/4 minuet , a 2/4 contradanse and a fast 3/8 peasant dance), accompanying the dancing of the principal characters. In act 2, Giovanni is seen to play the mandolin , accompanied by pizzicato strings. In

4365-812: The classic animated movie. On September 30, Beijing's Poly Theatre staged Pastoral for the Planet , a visual symphony by the Spanish avant-garde theater troupe La Fura dels Baus . Three concerts were also held at the Divine Music Administration of the Temple of Heaven . The festival concluded with the BMF Festival Orchestra Gala. In commemoration of its 10th anniversary, BMF commissioned a second version of Krzysztof Penderecki 's Symphony No. 8. The new version included an anonymous 15th-century Chinese poem and

4462-648: The closing gala conducted by Tan Dun featuring works the premiere of Dun's new version of Fire Ritual – War and Peace written for the world in the pandemic era. The festival presented the Chinese premiere of Stravinsky's The Rake's Progress performed by the Shanghai Symphony Orchestra in addition to the first Youth Music Festival featuring young musicians from Beijing , Hong Kong , and Macau . BMF also celebrated landmark anniversaries for composers including Stravinsky , Saint-Saëns , Vivaldi , Mahler , and Chinese composers Ding Shande , Qigang Chen , Tan Dun , and Wenjing Guo. Highlighting music from East and West,

4559-678: The composer). Viardot kept the manuscript in a shrine in her Paris home, where it was visited by many people. Tchaikovsky visited her when he was in Paris in June 1886, and said that when looking at the manuscript, he was "in the presence of divinity". So it is not surprising that the centenary of the opera in 1887 would inspire him to write something honouring Mozart. Instead of taking any themes from Don Giovanni , however, he took four lesser known works by Mozart and arranged them into his fourth orchestral suite , which he called Mozarti ana . The baritone who sang

4656-480: The ensemble as depicted in the film Amadeus may be an accurate portrayal. Nonetheless, the final ensemble is almost invariably performed in full today. Modern productions sometimes include both the original aria for Don Ottavio, " Il mio tesoro ", and its replacement from the first production in Vienna that was crafted to suit the capabilities of the tenor Francesco Morella, " Dalla sua pace ". Elvira's " In quali eccessi, o Numi ... Mi tradì quell'alma ingrata "

4753-720: The foot of the Great Wall of China . Additional performances included the Asian premiere of Eight , a mixed-reality musical theater work written by Michel van der Aa and co-commissioned by BMF; the 2017 Pulitzer Prize-winning opera Angel's Bone by Du Yun ; and the China premiere of Handel 's Xerxes performed by Opera Fuoco and David Stern . Guest artists included sopranos Renée Fleming and Edita Gruberová , pianist Jean-Yves Thibaudet , prodigy Alma Deutscher , maestros Long Yu , Vladimir Ashkenazy , Charles Dutoit , and Pinchas Zukerman , and BMF's first resident orchestra Mahler Chamber Orchestra , among others. BMF also presented

4850-522: The future (" Or che tutti, o mio tesoro "). In order to connect " Ah, certo è l'ombra che l'incontrò " ("It must have been the ghost she met") directly to the moral of the story " Questo è il fin di chi fa mal " ("This is the end which befalls to evildoers"), Mozart composed a different version of " Resti dunque quel birbon fra Proserpina e Pluton! " ("So the wretch can stay down there with Proserpina and Pluto! "). These cuts are very seldom performed in theatres or recordings. The opera's final ensemble

4947-432: The garden from inside the house, pursued by Donna Anna. Don Giovanni is masked and Donna Anna tries to hold him and to unmask him, shouting for help. (Trio: " Non sperar, se non m'uccidi, Ch'io ti lasci fuggir mai! " – "Do not hope, unless you kill me, that I shall ever let you run away!"). He breaks free and she runs off as the Commendatore enters the garden. The Commendatore blocks Don Giovanni's path and forces him to fight

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5044-509: The guests of the peasant wedding are in Don Giovanni's house and that he distracted Masetto from his jealousy, but that Zerlina, returning with Donna Elvira, made a scene and spoiled everything. However, Don Giovanni remains cheerful and tells Leporello to organise a party and invite every girl he can find. (Don Giovanni's "Champagne Aria": " Fin ch'han dal vino calda la testa " – "Till they are tipsy"). They hasten to his palace. Zerlina follows

5141-555: The impostor (long recitative exchange between Donna Anna and Don Ottavio). She repeats her demand that he avenge her and points out that he will be avenging himself as well (aria: "Or sai chi l'onore Rapire a me volse" – "Now you know who wanted to rob me of my honour"). In the Vienna version, Don Ottavio, not yet convinced (Donna Anna having only recognised Don Giovanni's voice, not seen his face), resolves to keep an eye on his friend (" Dalla sua pace la mia dipende " – "On her peace my peace depends"). Leporello informs Don Giovanni that all

5238-456: The information to psychologically torture Mozart even further. The sustained popularity of Don Giovanni has resulted in extensive borrowings and arrangements of the original. The most famous and probably the most musically substantial is the operatic fantasy, Réminiscences de Don Juan by Franz Liszt . The minuet from the finale of act 1 ("Signor, guardate un poco"), transcribed by Moritz Moszkowski , also makes an incongruous appearance in

5335-497: The invitation and Leporello leaves the balcony. Alone, Don Ottavio and Donna Anna pray for protection, Donna Elvira for vengeance (Trio: " Protegga il giusto cielo " – "May the just heavens protect us"). As the merriment, featuring three separate chamber orchestras on stage, proceeds, Leporello distracts Masetto by dancing with him, while Don Giovanni leads Zerlina offstage to a private room and tries to assault her. When Zerlina screams for help, Don Giovanni drags Leporello onstage from

5432-412: The jealous Masetto and tries to pacify him (" Batti, batti o bel Masetto " – "Beat, O beat me, handsome Masetto"), but just as she manages to persuade him of her innocence, Don Giovanni's voice from offstage startles and frightens her. Masetto hides, resolving to see for himself what Zerlina will do when Don Giovanni arrives. Zerlina tries to hide from Don Giovanni, but he finds her and attempts to continue

5529-609: The latter for four hands). " Deh, vieni alla finestra " also makes an appearance in the Klavierübung of Ferruccio Busoni , under the title Variations-Studie nach Mozart ( Variation study after Mozart). Schumann included a piano arrangement of "Vedrai carino" in his Kleiner Lehrgang durch die Musikgeschichte , which was originally intended for his Album for the Young , whereas Muzio Clementi wrote piano variations on Zerlina's other aria, "Batti, batti". Johann Wilhelm Wilms took

5626-478: The like", and "the opera ... is extremely difficult to perform." The Provincialnachrichten of Vienna reported, "Herr Mozart conducted in person and was welcomed joyously and jubilantly by the numerous gathering." The score calls for double woodwinds , two horns , two trumpets , three trombones (alto, tenor, bass), timpani , basso continuo for the recitatives , and the usual string section . The composer also specified occasional special musical effects. For

5723-499: The mandolin accompaniment of the Serenade. Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky always regarded Don Giovanni – and its composer – with awe. In 1855, Mozart's original manuscript had been purchased in London by the mezzo-soprano Pauline Viardot , who was the teacher of Tchaikovsky's one-time unofficial fiancée Désirée Artôt (whom Viardot may have persuaded not to go through with her plan to marry

5820-523: The manuscript of Liszt's Fantasy on Themes from Mozart's Figaro and Don Giovanni , and Sigismond Thalberg uses the same minuet, along with " Deh, vieni alla finestra ", in his Grand Fantaisie sur la serenade et le Minuet de Don Juan , Op. 42. Thalberg also included a piano arrangement of "Il mio tesoro" in his L'art du chant appliqué au piano ", Op. 70. This minuet was also used for sets of variations for piano by Franz Xaver Wolfgang Mozart (Op. 2), Fanny Hünerwadel and János Fusz (Op. 10,

5917-412: The name Argerich is Catalonia. A precocious child, Argerich began kindergarten at the age of two years and eight months, where she was the youngest child. A five-year-old boy, who was a friend, teased her that she would not be able to play the piano, and Argerich responded by playing perfectly, by ear, a piece their teacher played them. The teacher immediately called the mother and they "started making

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6014-443: The name " Leporello list" for concertina-folded printed matter, as used for brochures, photo albums, computer printouts and other continuous stationery . Playwright Peter Shaffer used Don Giovanni for a pivotal plot point in his play Amadeus , a fictional biography of its composer. In it, Antonio Salieri notices how Mozart composed the opera while tortured by the memory of his imposing, deceased father Leopold , and uses

6111-519: The open wearing Don Giovanni's cloak and hat. From his hiding place Don Giovanni sings a promise of repentance, expressing a desire to return to her and threatening to kill himself if she does not take him back, while Leporello poses as Don Giovanni and tries to keep from laughing. Donna Elvira, convinced, descends to the street. Leporello, continuing to pose as Don Giovanni, leads her away to keep her occupied while Don Giovanni serenades her maid with his mandolin . ("Deh, vieni alla finestra" – "Ah, come to

6208-567: The opera (with explicit mention of the Mozart score for the finale scene between the Commendatore and Don Giovanni). Gustave Flaubert called Don Giovanni , along with Hamlet and the sea, "the three finest things God ever made." E. T. A. Hoffmann also wrote a short story derived from the opera, "Don Juan" , in which the narrator meets Donna Anna and describes Don Juan as an aesthetic hero rebelling against God and society. In some Germanic and other languages, Leporello's " Catalogue Aria " provided

6305-414: The others, go that way"), Don Giovanni takes Masetto's weapons away, beats him up, and runs off, laughing. Zerlina arrives and consoles the bruised and battered Masetto ("Vedrai carino" – "You'll see, dear one"). Leporello abandons Donna Elvira. (Sextet: "Sola, sola in buio loco" – "All alone in this dark place"). As he tries to escape, he bumps into Don Ottavio and Donna Anna. Zerlina and Masetto also enter

6402-618: The others; Leporello escapes again before she returns. This scene, marked by low comedy, is rarely performed today. Also in the Vienna production, Donna Elvira is still furious at Don Giovanni for betraying her, but she also feels sorry for him. ("Mi tradì quell'alma ingrata" – "That ungrateful wretch betrayed me"). Don Giovanni wanders into a graveyard. Leporello arrives and the two reunite. Leporello tells Don Giovanni of his brush with danger, and Don Giovanni laughingly taunts him, saying that he took advantage of his disguise as Leporello by trying to seduce one of Leporello's girlfriends. The voice of

6499-411: The piano for three years and considered giving it up to train as a secretary or doctor . She credited Anny Askenase, the wife of Stefan Askenase , with encouraging her to return to the piano. Argerich performed her debut concert at the age of eight, playing Mozart's Piano Concerto No. 20 in D minor and Beethoven's Piano Concerto No. 1 in C major . She gained international prominence when she won

6596-561: The production of both Western and Chinese contemporary music presenting premieres and commissions by composers such as Krzysztof Penderecki , Philip Glass , Guo Wenjing , Ye Xiaogang , Tan Dun , and Howard Shore . BMF was among the first organizations in China to commission new works by Chinese composers as well as foreign composers, which has laid a strong base for international cultural exchange. According to CCTV BMF's 18th festival, held from October 8–24, 2015, included 18 performances by artists from over 30 countries and regions. The theme

6693-451: The pseudonym of his character "A", that "among all classic works Don Giovanni stands highest." Charles Gounod wrote that Mozart's Don Giovanni is "a work without blemish, of uninterrupted perfection." The finale, in which Don Giovanni refuses to repent , has been a captivating philosophical and artistic topic for many writers including George Bernard Shaw , who in Man and Superman parodied

6790-420: The room, accuses Leporello of assaulting Zerlina himself, and threatens to kill him. The others are not fooled. Don Ottavio produces a pistol and points it at Don Giovanni, and the three guests unmask and declare that they know all. But despite being denounced and menaced from all sides, Don Giovanni remains calm and escapes – for the moment. Leporello threatens to leave Don Giovanni, but his master calms him with

6887-587: The same act, two of the Commendatore 's interventions (" Di rider finirai pria dell'aurora " and " Ribaldo, audace, lascia a' morti la pace ") are accompanied by a wind chorale of oboes, clarinets, bassoons , and trombones (with cellos and basses playing from the string section). Mozart also supervised the Vienna premiere of the work, which took place on 7 May 1788 . For this production, he wrote two new arias with corresponding recitatives – Don Ottavio's aria " Dalla sua pace " (K. 540a, composed on 24 April for

6984-487: The scene. Everyone mistakes Leporello for Don Giovanni, whose clothes he is still wearing. They surround Leporello and threaten to kill him. Donna Elvira tries to protect the man who she thinks is Don Giovanni, claiming him as her husband and begging the others to spare him. Leporello takes off Don Giovanni's cloak and reveals his true identity. He begs for mercy and, seeing an opportunity, runs off (Leporello aria: "Ah pietà signori miei" – "Ah, have mercy, my lords"). Don Ottavio

7081-498: The seduction (" Ah, fuggi il traditor " – "Flee from the traitor!"). She leaves with Zerlina. Don Ottavio and Donna Anna enter, plotting vengeance on the still unknown murderer of Donna Anna's father. Donna Anna, unaware that she is speaking to her attacker, pleads for Don Giovanni's help. Don Giovanni, relieved that he is unrecognised, readily promises it, and asks who has disturbed her peace. Before she can answer, Donna Elvira returns and tells Donna Anna and Don Ottavio that Don Giovanni

7178-416: The seduction, until he stumbles upon Masetto's hiding place. Confused but quickly recovering, Don Giovanni reproaches Masetto for leaving Zerlina alone, and returns her temporarily to him. Don Giovanni then leads both offstage to his ballroom. Three masked guests – the disguised Don Ottavio, Donna Anna, and Donna Elvira – enter the garden. From a balcony, Leporello invites them to his master's party. They accept

7275-495: The statue interrupts and warns Don Giovanni that his laughter will not last beyond sunrise. At the command of his master, Leporello reads the inscription upon the statue's base: "Here am I waiting for revenge against the scoundrel who killed me" ("Dell'empio che mi trasse al passo estremo qui attendo la vendetta"). The servant trembles, but Don Giovanni scornfully orders him to invite the statue to dinner, and threatens to kill him if he does not. Leporello makes several attempts to invite

7372-422: The statue of the Commendatore. With the rhythmic chords of the overture, now reharmonized with diabolic diminished sevenths accompanying the Commendatore ("Don Giovanni! A cenar teco m'invitasti" – "Don Giovanni! You invited me to dine with you"), the statue asks if Don Giovanni will now accept his invitation to dinner. Don Giovanni brazenly accepts, and shakes the statue's proffered hand, only to collapse as he

7469-448: The statue to dinner, but is too frightened to complete the invitation (Duet: "O, statua gentilissima" – "Oh most noble statue"). Don Giovanni invites the statue to dinner himself. Much to his surprise, the statue nods its head and responds affirmatively. Don Ottavio pressures Donna Anna to marry him, but she thinks it is inappropriate so soon after her father's death. He accuses her of being cruel, and she assures him that she loves him, and

7566-516: The sub-genre of Don Juan opera had originated in that city. Lorenzo Da Ponte 's libretto is based on Giovanni Bertati 's for the opera Don Giovanni Tenorio , which premiered in Venice early in 1787. In two aspects he copied Bertati: by opening with the Commendatore's murder and by avoiding mention of Seville (for Bertati the setting was Villena , Spain; Da Ponte simply writes "city in Spain"). The opera

7663-430: The tavern to find a better master. The concluding ensemble delivers the moral of the opera – "Such is the end of the evildoer: the death of a sinner always reflects his life" ( Questo è il fin di chi fa mal, e de' perfidi la morte alla vita è sempre ugual ). As mentioned above, productions for over a century – beginning with the original run in Prague – customarily omitted the final ensemble, but it frequently reappeared in

7760-544: The tenor Francesco Morella), Elvira's aria " In quali eccessi ... Mi tradì quell'alma ingrata " (K. 540c, composed on 30 April for the soprano Caterina Cavalieri ) – and the duet between Leporello and Zerlina " Per queste tue manine " (K. 540b, composed on 28 April). He also made some cuts in the Finale in order to make it shorter and more incisive, the most important of which is the section where Anna and Ottavio, Elvira, Zerlina and Masetto, Leporello reveal their plans for

7857-456: The title role in the centenary performance of Don Giovanni in Prague that year was Mariano Padilla y Ramos , the man Désirée Artôt married instead of Tchaikovsky. Michael Nyman 's popular, short band piece In Re Don Giovanni (1981, with later adaptations and revisions) is constructed on a prominent 15-bar phrase in the accompaniment to Leporello's catalogue aria. In addition to instrumental works, allusions to Don Giovanni also appear in

7954-769: The toss. Argerich brought her children up in a manner described by Annie Dutoit as "bohemian"; Argerich preferred her children to stay at home rather than go to school and regularly hosted young musicians in her home and practiced through the night. Argerich is a polyglot and can speak Spanish , French , Italian , German , English , and Portuguese . Although her mother tongue is Spanish, she brought her children up speaking French. She has lived in Argentina , Belgium , Switzerland , and France , and holds citizenship in Switzerland and Argentina. Argerich has never been connected to any political party. However, she stated in

8051-626: The truth about him, and then hurries away. Leporello tells Donna Elvira that Don Giovanni is not worth her feelings for him. He is unfaithful to everyone; his conquests include 640 women and girls in Italy, 231 in Germany, 100 in France, 91 in Turkey, but in Spain, 1,003 (" Madamina, il catalogo è questo " – "My dear lady, this is the catalogue"). In a frequently cut recitative, Donna Elvira vows vengeance. A marriage procession with Masetto and Zerlina enters. Don Giovanni and Leporello arrive soon after. Don Giovanni

8148-467: The villain. They find instead Leporello hiding under the table, shaken by the supernatural horror he has witnessed. He assures them that no one will ever see Don Giovanni again. The remaining characters announce their plans for the future: Donna Anna and Don Ottavio will marry when Donna Anna's year of mourning is over; Donna Elvira will withdraw from society for the rest of her life; Zerlina and Masetto will finally go home for dinner; and Leporello will go to

8245-405: The window"). Before Don Giovanni can complete his seduction of the maid, Masetto and his friends arrive, looking for Don Giovanni in order to kill him. Don Giovanni poses as Leporello (whose clothes he is still wearing) and joins the posse, pretending that he also hates Don Giovanni. After cunningly dispersing Masetto's friends (Don Giovanni aria: "Metà di voi qua vadano" – "Half of you go this way.

8342-541: The world premiere of Aaron Zigman 's Tango Manos Piano Concerto. BMF's 23rd festival took place from October 10–20, 2020 and included 240 hours of non-stop music, for which the festival purchased all the copyrights in an effort to encourage fellow Chinese organizations to follow its lead. With the theme "Music Must Go On" in reference to the COVID-19 pandemic which shuttered many live performances worldwide, BMF presented music both online and offline. The opening concert featured

8439-590: The world premiere of "To 2020" by Wuhan composer Zou Ye and was performed by Wuhan musicians in honor of Wuhan , which suffered great losses due to the pandemic. For the first time, select BMF concerts were available for Western audiences to watch online via Facebook. Other concerts included several children's concert including a performance of Karen LeFrak's "Sleepover at the Museum"; a celebration of Beethoven's 250th anniversary including all ten of his violin sonatas, 32 piano sonatas, five piano concertos, and nine symphonies;

8536-664: The world premiere of the immersive opera, Orfeo , by Fay Kueen Wang a musical theater adaptation of Leoš Janácek 's song cycle, The Diary of One Who Disappeared ; George Benjamin 's Written on Skin ; The Orphan of Zhao; and two concerts celebrating Leonard Bernstein 's centenary. With the theme "Timeless Music in the Future," BMF's 22nd festival was held from October 4-28, 2019. The festival presented 16 distinct programs including operas, symphonic concerts, recitals, chamber music concerts, and virtual reality music experiences. It began with an 8-hour performance of Max Richter 's Sleep at

8633-674: Was "Revel in Romance" and focused on monumental works on opposite sides of the Romantic music spectrum – Johannes Brahms and Richard Wagner . Highlights included conductor Jukka-Pekka Saraste leading the WDR Orchestra in the ambitious Brahms 4 Plus 4 Project (four concertos and four symphonies) and Gustav Kuhn leading Tirol Festival Erl in Wagner 's Die Meistersinger von Nürnberg and Tristan und Isolde . The theme of BMF's 19th festival, which

8730-402: Was an unforgettable performance. Argerich celebrated her 75th birthday in June this year, but that news doesn't seem to have reached her fingers. Her playing is still as dazzling, as frighteningly precise, as it has always been; her ability to spin gossamer threads of melody as matchless as ever. This was unmistakably and unashamedly Liszt in the grand manner, a bit old-fashioned and sometimes even

8827-705: Was born in Buenos Aires. Her paternal ancestors were Spaniards from Catalonia who had been based in Buenos Aires since the 18th century. Her maternal grandparents were Jewish immigrants from the Russian Empire , who settled in Colonia Villa Clara in Argentina's Entre Ríos Province , one of the colonies established by Baron de Hirsch and the Jewish Colonization Association . The provenance of

8924-522: Was diagnosed with malignant melanoma . After treatment, the cancer went into remission , but it recurred in 1995 and metastasized to her lungs, pancreas, liver, brain, and lymph nodes. Following an experimental treatment at the John Wayne Cancer Institute in Santa Monica pioneered by oncologist Donald Morton , Argerich's cancer went into remission again. In gratitude, Argerich performed

9021-400: Was generally omitted until the early 20th century, a tradition that apparently began very early on. According to the 19th-century Bohemian memoirist Wilhelm Kuhe , the final ensemble was only presented at the first performance in Prague, then never heard again during the original run. It does not appear in the Viennese libretto of 1788; thus the ending of the first performance in Vienna without

9118-483: Was held from October 9–29, 2016 was "Musical Legacy and Innovation." According to China Radio International the opening concert by China NCPA Orchestra and Chorus led by Lü Jia was the first collaboration between NCPA and BMF. The festival also presented the Chinese premiere of Benjamin Britten 's A Midsummer Night's Dream directed by Robert Carsen to mark the 400th anniversary of Shakespeare 's death and launched

9215-594: Was premiered in Boston by Opera Boston on February 26, 2010 and then in China on October 27, 2010 during the 13th Beijing Music Festival. The BMF Arts Foundation commissioned Howard Shore 's Ruin and Memory , a concerto for piano and orchestra written for and premiered by Lang Lang with the China Philharmonic conducted by Long Yu on October 11, 2010. The three-movement work was written in celebration of Frédéric Chopin 's 200th anniversary. Shore commented "The piece

9312-458: Was supposed to premiere on 14 October 1787 for Archduchess Maria Theresa of Austria ’s visit, but it was not ready in time and Le nozze di Figaro was substituted. Mozart recorded its completion, finally, on 28 October, the night before the premiere (29 October). The opera was rapturously received, as was often true of Mozart's work in Prague . The Prager Oberpostamtzeitung reported, "Connoisseurs and musicians say that Prague has never heard

9409-437: Was to composer-conductor Robert Chen, ( Chinese : 陈亮声 ; pinyin : Chén Liàngshēng ) with whom she had her first child (violinist Lyda Chen-Argerich ). The marriage was dissolved after several months, in 1964. From 1969 to 1973, Argerich was married to Swiss conductor Charles Dutoit , with whom she had her second daughter, Annie Dutoit. Although they separated in 1973, Argerich and Dutoit continued to collaborate. In

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