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119-539: The following rivers are tributaries to the river Bega Veche (in downstream order): This article related to a river in Timiș County is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This article related to a river in Serbia is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Timi%C8%99 County Timiș ( Romanian pronunciation: [ˈtimiʃ] ) is a county ( județ ) of western Romania on

238-533: A transfusion center . Regarding the pharmaceutical network in Timiș County, in 2019 there were 295 pharmacies (16 public and 279 private), seven pharmaceutical points and 34 pharmaceutical warehouses. Timișoara is nationally recognized as a center of excellence in medicine. Timișoara has made several breakthroughs in Romanian medicine, including the first in vitro fertilization , the first laser heart surgery and

357-690: A School Sports Club, a Children's Club and a Popular Arts School. In terms of higher education, Drăgan European University, a private university with economic and juridic profiles, has been functioning in Lugoj since 1992. Most of the buildings of historical interest are concentrated in Iosif Constantin Drăgan Square. The square is flanked by "palaces for rent" built towards the end of the 19th century. These large buildings consisted of ground floor spaces and owner's home and apartments for rent upstairs. The prevailing architectural style of this period

476-503: A bent sword, with a wide point, made of silver; in the upper right-hand corner is a golden sun, and in the upper left, a rising silver moon. At the bottom, on the blue field, is a wavy silver band. The lion with armed arm, characteristic of Banat of Temeswar , symbolizes the defenders of the land and of Christianity against the Ottoman armies; the lion carries the victorious sword of Pál Kinizsi , Count of Temes County . The gold wall symbolizes

595-545: A distinct coloratura in the landscape of Banat press in the 19th and early 20th centuries, with numerous German ( Lugoser Anzeiger – 1852, Lugoscher Zeitung – 1905) and Hungarian newspapers and magazines ( Krassó-Szörényi Lapok – 1879) published here, as well as valuable Romanian publications (newspapers Deșteptarea and Drapelul under the editorship of Valeriu Braniște  [ ro ] ). Currently, two local weekly newspapers appear in Lugoj, Actualitatea and Redeșteptarea . The first schools in Lugoj are mentioned in

714-593: A few elevations that do not exceed 2–3 m above the surface of the terrace. In the northwest of the plain there are the Lugoj Hills, which make the transition to the Poiana Ruscă Mountains . South of the Timiș riverbed, the territory of Lugoj extends to the floodplain of Cernabora , the nearest local tributary of Timiș. The hills of Lugoj have a radial hydrographic network that comes from the mountainous area and goes to

833-521: A low share in GDP (5%), although that it places the county on the first place at national level from the perspective of the GVA obtained in agriculture. With several units of national and international banks operating here ( BCR , Raiffeisen Bank , BT , BRD , CEC Bank , OTP Bank , UniCredit Bank , Alpha Bank , Citibank , Credit Europe Bank , Garanti BBVA , ING Bank , Intesa Sanpaolo Bank , etc.), Timiș County

952-505: A more tolerant regime, feel strongly the influences and temptations of the West, as a result of policies promoted by Habsburgs. By the Treaty of Passarowitz of 1718, Banat came under Austrian rule, being declared a crown land , under the name of Banat of Temeswar , administered by the imperial court through General Claude Florimond de Mercy . In 1778, Austria ceded Banat to Hungary, and Lugoj became

1071-402: A motorization index of 361.64 vehicles/1,000 inhabitants, being among the highest in the country. The railway network totals 795 km, of which 113 are electrified railways. With 91.4 km of railway per 1,000 km , Timiș County has the densest railway network in the country. On the territory of Timiș County, the railway network consists of a main line ( 900 ) and 18 secondary lines belonging to

1190-535: A population of 40,361 inhabitants at the 2011 census , down 10% from the 2002 census. As of 2011, most inhabitants were Romanians (79%), larger minorities being represented by Hungarians (6.82%), Roma (2.3%), Germans (1.85%), and Ukrainians (1.29%). For 8.33% of the population, ethnicity is unknown. By religion, most inhabitants are Orthodox (71.66%), but there are also minorities of Roman Catholics (7.62%), Pentecostals (3.64%), Reformed (3.03%), Baptists (2.5%), and Greek Catholics (1.83%). For 8.63% of

1309-425: A predominantly industrial one, sometimes with significant losses due to the non-use of labor and capital endowments, into a tertiary one (based mainly on services ). The specialization of Timiș County stands out in the computer, automotive and electrical equipment industry, these registering high values of the location quotient (as of 2019). In 2021, Timiș County had a GDP per capita of 31,519 euros, 40% above

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1428-472: A rich repertoire, consisting of national, folk songs or choral works composed by Ion Vidu , Filaret Barbu or Iosif Velceanu. Timișoara was a reputed city of music in the 19th century. Many famous musicians performed here, including Franz Liszt (1846), Johann Strauss II (1847), David Popper (1867), Leopold Auer (1867), Pablo de Sarasate (1877), Henryk Wieniawski (1877), Johannes Brahms (1879) and Joseph Joachim (1879). The only philharmonic in

1547-654: A series of waterfalls and caves. Areas with a rich hunting fund, as well as those with a diversified fishing fund are suitable for sport hunting and fishing . On the territory of Timiș County there are 86 hunting funds and 30 fishing funds. Canoeing and kayaking can be practiced on the Bega Canal , and rafting on the Timiș River . Spa tourism is practiced in Buziaș (declared a spa resort in 1911), Timișoara , Deta , as well as Călacea , Teremia Mare and Lovrin . Wine tourism

1666-518: A third of the county's borders are at the same time state borders. Thus, in the northwestern part, it borders Csongrád-Csanád County ( Hungary ), 18 km of this border being on the Mureș River . To the southwest, between Beba Veche and Lățunaș , Timiș County borders the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina ( Serbia ). The land connection with the counties of the neighboring countries is ensured by

1785-422: A traditional economic activity, especially in the rural localities in the vicinity of urban centers. By cultivated area, the main crops are maize (165,643 ha), wheat and rye (133,657 ha), sunflower (78,242 ha), perennial fodder (38,060 ha) and soybeans (21,200 ha). Livestock farming is also an important, traditional branch of Timiș agriculture, and in recent years there has been a significant increase in

1904-417: A wide variety of fish, such as pike , barbel , Prussian carp , wels , perch , carp , etc.). The climate has a moderate temperate continental character, with hot summers and mild winters due to both the influences of the oceanic (from the west) and Mediterranean (from the south and southwest) air masses and the fact that over 85% of the territory belongs to the plain climate (the remaining 15% belongs to

2023-423: Is Timișoara North , with over 1.7 million passengers in 2011. Lugoj Lugoj ( Romanian pronunciation: [ˈluɡoʒ] ; Hungarian : Lugos ; German : Lugosch ; Slovak : Lugoš ; Serbian : Лугош , romanized :  Lugoš ; Turkish : Logoş ) is a city in Timiș County , Romania. The Timiș River divides the city into two halves, the so-called "Romanian Lugoj" that spreads on

2142-456: Is a national leader in the field of financial intermediation. As of 2021, the turnover of companies with financial and insurance activities was 69 million euros in Timișoara alone. The geographical position of the county in the immediate vicinity of the border with Hungary and Serbia leads to a high transit tourism, but with short and medium length of stay. The main form of tourism practiced in

2261-829: Is also served by a 9.6 km ring road , inaugurated in 2010. The network of streets in Lugoj totals about 99 km, of which 75 km are modernized streets. At the municipal level, 95% of Lugoj streets are paved. Regarding the railway transport, Lugoj station is located on the CFR Line 900 . With the commissioning of the Lugoj–Ilia railway, on 17 September 1898, Lugoj became a railway junction . Public passenger transport services are provided by Meridian 22, established in 2007, on four urban lines: 1C (train station–Agricultural High School), 7 (Tirol–Banatului Street–I.C. Drăgan neighborhood), 15 (I.C. Drăgan neighborhood–Old Post–Tirol) and 17 (Tapia–Măguri–Agricultural High School). Lugoj

2380-766: Is characterized by fatty, wholesome and tasty food; it can be individualized by the unusual association of salty and sweet taste, by the prevalence of soup to the detriment of stew and by showy desserts with multiple influences. Among the traditional dishes in this area are noodle soup , goulash , papricache  [ hu ] , sauerkraut , sarme , pljeskavica , rasol , cotoroage and fresh pork preparations and semi-preparations ( caltaboș  [ ro ] , sângerete , maioș , sausages , slănină , șonc , tobă , etc.). Desserts include krofne , scovergi , bejgli with walnuts or poppy seeds, Cremeschnitte , Apfelküchle , knedles , dobostorta , ischler  [ hu ] and vargabéles  [ hu ] . In

2499-555: Is completely canalized. The Bega Canal is navigable both in Romania and in Serbia, having a length of 44 km only in Romania. The natural lakes, with small areas and depths, are represented by the lake complex of Satchinez (40 ha; 1.5 m deep), the two lakes of Becicherecu Mic (one of 33 ha and another of 13 ha), the Petra pond of Jebel , etc. Between 1969 and 1975, pond-like lakes for flood control , irrigation and fishing were arranged on

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2618-579: Is composed of two hydrographic basins: Bega–Timiș–Caraș and Mureș. The most important rivers in size and hydropower potential in the county, which cross the territory through the center, dividing it into two halves, south and north, are Timiș and Bega . Timiș is the largest inland river in Banat, which has its sources on the eastern slopes of the Semenic Mountains , in Caraș-Severin County . The river

2737-574: Is crossed by the 46th parallel north , the 21st meridian east and the 22nd meridian east . On its territory is the westernmost point of Romania, i.e. Beba Veche , at 20°15'44", in the Triplex Confinium point. Timiș County is part of the West Development Region along with the counties of Arad , Caraș-Severin and Hunedoara , being located in the center of the historical province of Banat . Due to its geographical position, almost

2856-620: Is formed at the confluence of three branches: Semenic, Grădiște and Brebu. It crosses the whole of Timiș County, then passes into Serbia where it flows into the Danube , to Pančevo . Bega River springs from the Poiana Ruscă Mountains and flows into the Tisza after a route of 244 km, being its southernmost tributary. Downstream, towards the western edge, up to the border, the course of the Bega River

2975-426: Is made by the manufacturing industry, which generates more than 50% of turnover at municipal level and concentrates more than half of the local labor force. The best represented fields of activity locally are those of the manufacture of ceramic sanitary ware, the automotive industry and the manufacture of electrical equipment. Over the years, two industrial platforms have been individualized, Tapiei and Timișorii. Among

3094-435: Is mentioned as posesio Lugas . Later, in 1376, a document issued by King Sigismund of Luxembourg mentions the attribution of the fortress of Lugoj ( castrum Lugas ) to the count of Temes , and soon, in 1379, it appears in documents as a castle town , with Nicholas II Garai as chatelaine. Gradually, Lugoj becomes an important strategic and communication point in the medieval Banat area, due to its geographical position, in

3213-514: Is represented by the Recaș – Buziaș area, renowned both in the country and abroad for its wines. Timiș County has a rich musical history. Notable in this respect are the choirs of Banat Bauer . Banat choirs have their origins in church music , learned in schools, where the teacher was both organist, choir conductor, and not infrequently, composer. The choirs, which were to become a real movement in Banat, were an important means of national manifestation of

3332-508: Is strong and diversified, due to the high rate of greenfield and brownfield investments, the western location of the county, the high qualification of the labor force, as well as the entrepreneurial tradition. The most significant share in the total production of the county is held by the manufacturing industry , having as sub-branches: electronics industry , food industry , chemical industry , textile industry , metal and wood processing industry and construction . Although with only 8% of

3451-659: Is the church with two bell towers dedicated to the Dormition of the Mother of God . The construction made between 1759 and 1766, from the donations of the Romanian parishioners led by obor-knez Gavril Gureanu, follows a plan similar to that of the Timișoara Dome , designed by Viennese architect Joseph Emanuel Fischer von Erlach . The bell tower in its immediate vicinity belongs to the old church dedicated to St. Nicholas , whose beginnings are uncertain, most researchers attributing it to

3570-680: Is the seat of the Archbishopric of Timișoara, the see of the Metropolis of Banat . The archbishopric has jurisdiction over the territory of Timiș County, which is divided into 273 parishes organized in six deaneries (Timișoara I, Timișoara II, Lugoj , Făget , Deta and Sânnicolau Mare ). Timișoara is also the seat of the Roman Catholic Archbishopric of Timișoara and the Serbian Orthodox Diocese of Timișoara and one of

3689-670: The Baroque style , appreciated at the time throughout the Habsburg Empire. The Greek Catholic cathedral dedicated to the Descent of the Holy Spirit is linked to the establishment of the Greek Catholic diocese based in Lugoj. Construction began in 1843 and was completed, due to frequent work stoppages, only in 1868 when it was consecrated by Bishop Alexandru Dobra. Made in neoclassical style ,

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3808-526: The Ministry of Education , gathering about 8% of the total number of students at national level. Higher education takes place in eight universities in the county, four public and four private : At the county level, there are 22 hospitals (15 public and seven private), five medical dispensaries , three mental health centers, 522 medical offices (school, student and family medicine ), 846 dental offices, 115 medical laboratories , 87 dental laboratories and

3927-590: The Western Development Region and the Danube–Criș–Mureș–Tisa Euroregion . Lugoj covers an area of 98.03 km , of which 20.35 km in the build-up area and 77.68 km outside the build-up area. It borders Boldur to the west, Darova to the southwest, Victor Vlad Delamarina to the south, Gavojdia to the southeast, Criciova and Bârna to the east and Coșteiu to the north-northwest. The territory of Lugoj belongs to

4046-500: The ban of Severin's wife, Ecaterina Perian (1402). With the restoration of 1726 made by the obor-knez Ioan Raț of Mehadia , the tower on the west side is added to the church, with a bas-relief representing the face of St. Nicholas. The Roman Catholic church was built between 1733 and 1735 by German settlers at the initiative of the "Convent of the Minorities" established between 1719 and 1722. Its interior ornaments and paintings are in

4165-399: The fortress of Timișoara . The golden sun symbolizes, through its position, the lofty goals for which the heroes of this land fought. The silver moon represents the pair of the sun. The wavy silver band on the blue field symbolizes the Timiș River , which gives the county its name. Timiș County has one of the most dynamic economies in Romania. The county's economy gradually transformed from

4284-552: The 15th-century Săraca Monastery, the 15th-century Serbian Orthodox St. George Monastery of Birda , the 18th-century Cebza Monastery and, more recently, the Izvorul Miron Monastery (1912; nicknamed the " Voroneț of Banat") and the Timișeni Monastery (1944). Ecotourism is practiced mainly in the mountainous area in the east of the county, where Lake Surduc is located (the largest lake in western Romania), but also

4403-649: The 16th–17th centuries. In the 19th century, a rich didactic activity is already recorded, in the gymnasium and high school, where the teaching was done in Romanian. The first Romanian school in western Romania was built in Lugoj in 1770. There are currently 17 kindergartens, 10 primary schools and four high schools in Lugoj: two national colleges – Coriolan Brediceanu National College (former Roman Catholic lyceum) and Iulia Hasdeu National College, Valeriu Braniște Technical College and Aurel Vlaicu Technological High School, as well as Filaret Barbu School of Fine Arts. In Lugoj there are

4522-511: The 17th century finds Lugoj involved in the battles for supremacy between the Habsburgs and the Ottomans, the inhabitants supporting on 25 September 1695 the resistance of General Frederico Veterani  [ ro ] , fortified in the swampy area southeast of the town. The battle ended with the defeat of Austrian troops by the Ottoman army led by the sultan himself, General Veterani being killed on

4641-601: The 70-year-old specimen of Banat black pine ( Pinus nigra ssp. banatica ) in the Catholic cemetery. The beginnings of the settlement can be established since the Neolithic period, the archeological excavations made on the right bank of Timiș and in the Dealul Viilor area highlighting levels of living of a population of shepherds and farmers dating back to the 4th–3rd millennia BC. The later epochs are represented archeologically by

4760-695: The CFR lines 900 ( Bucharest – Timișoara ), 200 ( Brașov – Curtici ) and 300 ( Bucharest – Episcopia Bihor ). The railway line 900 , whose route is Bucharest (north)– Roșiori (north)– Craiova – Filiași – Caransebeș – Timișoara (north), crosses the county on the Lugoj – Timișoara relation. It is part of the Pan-European Corridor IV . In Timiș County there are 133 stations operated by state and private railway operators such as Căile Ferate Române (CFR), Astra Trans Carpatic and Regio Călători . The busiest of them

4879-609: The European transport network by the Central and Global TEN-T networks, so the main corridor that serves it is the Rhine–Danube Corridor , which provides the connection with Vienna , with the central-southern part of Germany ( Munich , Stuttgart and Nuremberg and with Strasbourg . The Orient/East–Med Corridor also crosses the county's territory and connects with Budapest . Inter- and intra-county connections are provided by

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4998-526: The German lands of the Habsburg Empire. Religious tourism includes many places of worship, churches and historic monasteries. Among the monastic ensembles are the historic wooden churches in Țara Făgetului, all built after the liberation of Banat from Ottoman occupation (1716), the 11th-century Morisena Monastery (the first monastery in Romania), the 14th-century Partoș Monastery with the relics of St. Joseph of Partoș,

5117-458: The Hungarian suffix "-os". However, linguist Simion Dănilă claims that the name of the city has its origin in the word "logos", a Banat doublet for "rogoz" ( sedge , a hydrophilous plant). All these hypotheses refer to the swampy areas that once surrounded the city. Lugoj is located in southwestern Romania, in Timiș County , in the historical region of Banat and consists of the town of Lugoj and

5236-636: The Jews, sending male members of the community to forced labor camps near the Olt River and to the Brașov area. Four youths aged 14–15, charged with illegal communist activity, were sent to the Transnistria Governorate , where they died. Many Jews left after the war, mainly to Palestine . Ethnic composition (2011) Religious composition (2011) At the 2021 census , Lugoj had a population of 35,450. It had

5355-612: The Lipova Plateau, the Lugoj and Pogăniș Hills and partly the Gătaia Plain. In the eastern extremity of Timiș County there are sessile oak forests ( Quercus petraea ) mixed with Austrian oak ( Quercus cerris ), beech forests ( Fagus sylvatica ) mixed with hornbeam ( Carpinus betulus ), and the upper slopes of the Poiana Ruscă Mountains are covered with spruce forests mixed with fir and beech . In Timiș County there are 45 nature reserves that total 134,766.49 ha or about 13% of

5474-441: The Lipova Plateau, whose peaks rise to altitudes between 200 and 400 m. The hills of Lăpugiu, Făget, Lugoj, Lipova, Silagiu and Sacoș are rich in pastures, orchards of fruit trees, vineyards, but also in cereal crops. The relief in the eastern part of the county is dominated by the Poiana Ruscă Mountains, with deep valleys and steep slopes, with heights that rarely exceed 1300 m (Padeș peak – 1374 m, Rusca peak – 1355 m). Located in

5593-540: The Mediterranean and Adriatic regions, cause thawing and early melting of winter snow. The average annual temperature is 10.6 °C (51.1 °F). Regarding the fauna and flora, among the protected fauna species that can be found in the area are European bee-eater ( Merops apiaster ) and sand martin ( Riparia riparia ), found mainly on the valley and meadow of the Timiș River. Among the protected trees can be found

5712-572: The Prefecture (located on the former Komitatsgasse), was built between 1843 and 1859 in the current urban ensemble Iosif Constantin Drăgan Square ( historical monument ensemble) and functioned as the administrative headquarters of Krassó County (1860–1880), Krassó-Szörény County (1881–1919), Caraș-Severin County (1919–1926), as well as Severin County (1926–1950). It is a massive building in area, being one of

5831-503: The Romanian classical repertoire. It is worth mentioning that the Thalia Romanian Theater Association also took care of editing some collections of plays in one act, printing and disseminating, within ten years, almost 300 works. Since 1992, the municipality and the theater of Lugoj have been organizing the only non-professional theater festival-competition with international participation in Romania. Lugoj imposed

5950-501: The Timiș. In 1661, Turkish traveler Evliya Çelebi described the fortress as a "square-shaped building, built of stone, fortified with palisades and surrounded by the Zeppel stream, with a gate to the east and a bridge that can be raised". The Turkish domination, for over 150 years in Banat, has left few traces on Lugoj, as well as on other towns on the edge of the Empire, which being subjected to

6069-469: The banks of Timiș were the property of the Chamber, but each had its own administration. According to the 1786 conscription, "Romanian Lugoj" had 1,039 houses and 5,130 inhabitants, while "German Lugoj" had 203 houses and 1,446 inhabitants. In 1795, as a result of a decision of the Chamber, the two localities were unified, the leaders being elected alternately between Romanians and Germans. Jews first settled in

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6188-554: The battlefield. The Treaty of Karlowitz , concluded in 1699 between the imperialists and the Ottomans, saw the fortress of Lugoj demolished; today, only a street called Cetatea Veche (Old Fortress) reminds of the former fortress. The plan of the fortress, made at the end of the 17th century by architect Luigi Ferdinando Marsigli , was also preserved, and the works for the construction of the University of Lugoj building revealed traces of fortifications, initially located between two arms of

6307-709: The beginning of the 20th century, the building of the Reformed (Calvinist) church was erected with obvious influences of the Gothic style . Lugoj benefits from primary connectivity to the TEN-T Core network via A1 motorway (Bucharest–Nădlac) , passing through the north of the city. Also to the north, in connection with the A1 motorway, a section of about 11 km of the A6 motorway was inaugurated in 2013, which will connect Lugoj and Calafat . Lugoj

6426-600: The beginning of the 20th century. At the 2011 census, there were 16 localities – all rural – that had at least 20% Hungarian population. However, their total population represents only 12.6% of the Hungarian population in the county. This is explained by the migration of Hungarians from rural to urban areas after 1990. By weight, the largest Hungarian communities are found in Otelec ( Ótelek ; 75.1%), Cherestur ( Pusztakeresztúr ; 69.7%), Bodo ( Nagybodófalva ; 64%), Tormac ( Végvár ; 60.6%) and Otvești ( Ötvösd ; 52.6%). Roma are

6545-554: The border crossing points from Cenad , Moravița and Jimbolia . The neighboring Romanian counties with Timiș County are Arad to the north, Hunedoara to the east and Caraș-Severin to the southeast. The relief is characterized by the predominance of plains , which cover the western part (low plain) and the central part (high plain) of the county. Timiș County features all landforms , with altitudes between 75 m in Banat Plain and 1,374 m in Poiana Ruscă Mountains . Proportionally,

6664-470: The border with Hungary and Serbia , in the historical region of Banat , with the county seat at Timișoara . It is the westernmost and the largest county in Romania in terms of land area. The county is also part of the Danube–Criș–Mureș–Tisa Euroregion . The name of the county comes from the Timiș River , known in Roman antiquity as Tibisis or Tibiscus . According to Lajos Kiss' etymological dictionary ,

6783-590: The bronze deposit discovered in the Mondial area and vestiges from the Iron Age and the Daco-Roman period signaled both in the city center and in various localities in the vicinity. Lugoj first appears in written history in 1334, when a papal tithe record mentions a certain priest Martin of Lucas . As an administrative formation, the district of Lugoj, which also included the surrounding villages, dates from 1369, when it

6902-482: The captainship of Count Pál Kinizsi , in the battle of Breadfield in 1479. After the establishment of the Temeşvar Eyalet , the eastern part of Banat was organized in a separate administrative unit, Banate of Lugos and Karánsebes , dependent on the prince of Transylvania. The distinctive role of the town is confirmed on 7 May 1551, by Queen Isabella Jagiellon , who strengthens the old privileges by granting Lugoj

7021-509: The church preserves the valuable interior fresco of neo-Byzantine influence made by Virgil Simonescu  [ ro ] . The city's current synagogue dates back to 1843, after the first Jewish place of worship was destroyed by the great fire of 1842. From the contribution of the Roman Catholic parishioners of Hungarian origin, the St. Stephen's Chapel was built starting with 1780. Later, at

7140-433: The climate of hilly and mountainous regions). The western area of the Banat Plain is classified according to Köppen's guide as Cfa , and the mountainous area in the east of the county as Dfb . Due to the high uniformity of the relief, the average annual temperatures are poorly differentiated on the territory of Timiș County. The annual averages are close to 11 °C in the region with plain climate and decrease by 1–2 °C on

7259-404: The coat of arms is inscribed in capital letters in vermilion the word "Romania", and below it is inscribed with the same characters in cobalt blue the words "Timiș County". The county flag was approved in 2021. The coat of arms was approved in 2002 and consists of a cut shield ; at the top, on the red field , a golden lion coming out of the battlements of a wall of built gold; the lion holds

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7378-675: The communist period, most Germans in Timiș County left for Germany and Austria , with one last wave after 1990. At present, they account for merely 1/24 of the number at the 1900 census, when the highest number of Germans was recorded. Banat Bulgarians , a Bulgarian Catholic minority, began settling in Banat in the late 17th century from the north and northwest of today's Bulgaria . The largest communities of Banat Bulgarians in Timiș County live in Breștea ( Brešća ; 80.3%), Dudeștii Vechi ( Stár Bišnov ; 66.5%) and Denta ( Dénta ; 5.2%). In Timiș County there are over 300 places of worship. Timisoara

7497-591: The contact area of the Tisa Plain with the Poiana Ruscă Mountains, at the intersection of the roads between Banat, Transylvania and the southwest of Wallachia, ensuring access to the Danube. The 15th century found Lugoj under the authority of the count of Temes, but the settlement enjoyed a wide autonomy. The management of the town was entrusted to a knyaz , assisted by 12 jurors, the inhabitants having in addition to feudal obligations also military duties. Visiting Lugoj when he

7616-587: The county is business tourism , followed by recreational, shopping and gastronomic tourism. The tourist infrastructure of Timiș County consists of 56 hotels , 14 hostels , two motels , a campsite , four tourist villas, 49 tourist pensions, 27 agritourism pensions and two camps for students and preschoolers with an accommodation capacity of 7,746 places. In 2019, Timiș County had 396,644 tourists, of which 30% were foreigners. Cultural-historical tourism includes many objectives in historical and archeological sites, architectural monuments and museums. Timișoara has

7735-459: The county's area. The fauna, adapted to the relief and vegetation conditions, includes steppe species ( hares , ground squirrels , polecats , field mice , moles , rollers , quails , partridges , larks , starlings , lizards , various insects), forest species ( deer , squirrels , bears , wolves , foxes , wild boars , wildcats , dormice , jays , salamanders , etc.) and water species ( herons , mallards , geese , storks , frogs and

7854-402: The county, the Banatul Philharmonic , was founded in 1947 and organizes, in addition to the music season, events in unconventional spaces and successful festivals, such as Timișoara muzicală , the longest-lived cultural festival in Timișoara, which debuted in 1968. The first music school in the county was founded by the Hungarian administration in 1907 in Timișoara. Until 1907, music education

7973-400: The courses of both Timiș and Bega. The largest of these, Lake Surduc , was arranged on Gladna stream , a tributary of the Bega, and has an area of 460 ha and a volume of 51 million m . In the county there are also two lakes with hot (20 °C) and mineral water at Românești , with an area of 50 m and the muddy volcano from Ohaba-Forgaci , in the Magheruș valley, of 50 m . The high density of

8092-487: The cultivation of agricultural plants, especially for the cultivation of cereals, but also for technical and fodder plants, as well as for fruit growing and viticulture . The forests are relatively few. In the eastern part there are forests of fir , spruce and beech . In the other parts of the county there are small forests of oak , Austrian oak , Hungarian oak , and in the meadows – poplars and willows . The hydrographic network of Timiș County, spread over 3,104 km,

8211-473: The end of the 17th century and during the 18th century, in three successive waves, during the reigns of Charles VI , Maria Theresa and Joseph II . They came from different areas of Germany, especially Rhineland , the Palatinate and Swabia , but also Luxembourg , Lorraine , Alsace , Westphalia , Hesse , East Franconia and Bavaria . Deported to the Soviet Union for forced labor after 1945 and subjected to nationalization and collectivization during

8330-438: The few counties in the country with a positive trade balance. Timiș County's exports consist mainly of the following groups of goods: electrical machines , appliances and equipment (37%), plastics and rubber (14%), means of transport (11%), footwear (9%), optical instruments and appliances (7%), furniture (5%). Timiș County is also the largest importer of consumer goods, after Bucharest. The industry of Timiș County

8449-403: The first stem cell transplant . The Pius Brînzeu County Emergency Clinical Hospital and the Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases from Timișoara were included by the Ministry of Health in the first class of competence (out of five possible). Première Hospital, run by Regina Maria private health network, is the largest private hospital in the west of the country. Timiș County is connected to

8568-546: The headquarters of the bank of the Greek Catholic community in the city and the editorial office of Banat newspaper. The Palace of the Reformed Community (1906) was also designed by Villanyi. Along with the Secession style, you can often find buildings with an eclectic style combined with neoclassical and Art Nouveau elements. Thus, between 1895 and 1896, the building of the current Coriolan Brediceanu National College

8687-471: The high plain of Lugoj and the hills of Lugoj. Located in the contact area of these units, the city developed on the lower terrace of the Timiș River , on both its banks. The relief unit in which Lugoj is located is the Lugoj Plain, which penetrates deep into the piedmont hills. The average altitude of the area is 124 m (407 ft). Most of the land on which the city is located has a flat relief, with

8806-770: The hills in the east of the county. The averages of the warmest month (July) exceed 21 °C in the plain and fall below 18 °C in the east. The averages of the coldest month (January) are higher than –2 °C in the plain and rise to values higher than –1 °C in the east of the county. The absolute maximum temperature (42 °C) was recorded in Banloc (24 July 2007), and the absolute minimum temperature (–35.3 °C) in Timișoara (29 January 1963). The average multiannual precipitation amounts to increasing quantities from west to east, i.e. 569 mm in Jimbolia, 620.6 mm in Timișoara, 734 mm in Făget and over 1,200 mm on

8925-404: The hydrographic network, the low slopes of the riverbeds in the plain sector, the reduced depth of the groundwater, the presence of ultisols , all favor the floods and marshes. To reduce the amplitude of these phenomena, since the first half of the 18teenth century, large engineering works (damming, canalization, draining etc.) were made in the region, most of which are still functional today. Among

9044-402: The largest administrative buildings in Lugoj. The facade is imposing, with aspects of neoclassical architecture. Bought in 2016 by an Italian company, the building was transformed into a shopping gallery. Lugoj has 16 churches, chapels and conventicles, of which six Orthodox , three Roman Catholic , one Reformed and one Lutheran . A symbol of the city that also appears on the seal from 1793

9163-548: The largest architectural ensemble of historic buildings in Romania (about 14,500), consisting of the urban heritage of the Cetate , Iosefin , Fabric and Elisabetin districts. In addition, there are 31 castles and mansions in Timiș County. Notable are the Swabian-specific localities in the western Banat Plain ( Jimbolia , Sânnicolau Mare , Șandra , Lovrin , Lenauheim , etc.), in the past important settlements of colonists from

9282-468: The largest lake area of Timiș County. From a climatic point of view, the Lugoj area is part of the moderate temperate continental climate , with influences from the west and south of the continent, characterized by mild winters and cool summers. Sub-Mediterranean influences are felt by relatively small thermal amplitudes and the appearance of a second maximum in the precipitation regime (autumn). Cyclonic air masses are very common here, which, coming from

9401-585: The local gymnasium. In January and February 1847, the Romanian Society of Theatrical Singers, under the direction of Iosif Farcaș, made up of several professional actors, presented the first performances in Romanian on the stage of the Lugoj Theater. The current theater in Lugoj, named after tenor Traian Grozăvescu , was built between 1899 and 1900. The initiative to build the current Traian Grozăvescu Theater

9520-451: The localities near the border with Serbia : Cralovăț (Краљевац/ Kraljevac ; 64.5%), Petrovaselo (Петрово Село/ Petrovo Selo ; 48.4%), Sânmartinu Sârbesc (Српски Семартон/ Srpski Semarton ; 35.6%), Cenei (Ченеј/ Čenej ; 24.2%), Diniaș (Дињаш/ Dinjaš ; 21.8%), etc. Up to the 20th century, the Germans (specifically Banat Swabians ) were a very large community. They were colonized here at

9639-454: The lowest unemployment rates in the country – 0.8% in 2019. Most employees are in manufacturing (27%), trade (15.2%) and agriculture (15.1%). Timiș stands out as the second business pole at national level, after Bucharest–Ilfov , with a turnover of companies of 72 billion lei, which constitutes about 5% of the turnover of 1,400 billion lei of all companies in Romania. The county's exports stood at over 39.05 billion lei, Timiș being among

9758-488: The main and secondary national roads from which a dense network of local roads emerges. The public road network of Timiș County has a length of about 2,930 km, with a density of 33.7 km/100 km . More detailed, there are about 563 km of national roads, 1,145 km of county roads and 1,222 km of communal roads. Also, Timiș County is served by almost 108 km of motorways , represented by the A1 and A6 motorways. In 2019, Timiș County had

9877-450: The main collectors: Bega (in the north) and Timiș (in the southwest). Overall, the valleys have a consistent character and have naturally detached long peaks with the same radial orientation. The configuration of the relief north of Fârdea , in the confluence area of Miniș and Gladna , allowed the location here of the Surduc accumulation lake, which, with an area of over 320 ha, represents

9996-415: The major flash floods and floods in the Banat Plain, the most important were those of May 1912, June 1966 and April 2005 . The natural vegetation, strongly influenced by human activities, is characterized by the small-scale presence of forest-steppe plants and by a higher frequency of hydro- and hygrophilous vegetation in low plains and meadows with excess moisture. The extensive agricultural crops in

10115-591: The most important companies present here are: Honeywell (protection, alarm and control systems), Autoliv (car safety products), Schieffer (plastics, supplier to the automotive industry), Hella (electrical systems and electronic equipment for the automotive industry), Villeroy & Boch (sanitary items), Inter-Spitzen (fancywork), Schöller and Riva Intima (underwear), Rieker , Primos and Calzaturificio Torre (footwear), Agache (furniture), Werzalit (wood products), Gammet 2000 (metal fabrications for furniture), Lugomet and Silcom (metalworks). Lugoj has always been one of

10234-578: The musical centers of Banat. Lugoj is also called "City of Music". Mozart , Haydn and Schubert 's masses and other sacred music works were performed here while they were still alive. The Minorite Church was the culture bearer of the city. The oldest piano school in Banat also comes from Lugoj, founded in 1760 by a monk from the Minorite Church. The monks themselves dealt with church music, piano lessons and organ building. The Ion Vidu Municipal Choir has existed since 1810; in 1852 another choral society

10353-661: The name of the river probably comes from the Dacian language : thibh-isjo ("marshy"). In Hungarian , Timiș County is known as Temes megye , in German as Kreis Temesch , in Serbian as Тамишки округ/ Tamiški okrug , in Ukrainian as Тімішський повіт, and in Banat Bulgarian as okrug Timiš . Timiș is the largest county in Romania, occupying 8,696.7 km , i.e. 3.65% of the country's area. It

10472-653: The national average, and an annual growth rate of 5–10%. At national level, it ranks third in terms of GDP , reaching 62.5 billion lei in 2021, with a contribution of 6.5% of Romania's total GDP, having a developed economy and among the highest entrepreneurial rates in the country (36 SMEs per 1,000 inhabitants in 2019). The most important sector represented locally is the automotive industry , supported by large companies such as Continental , Delphi Packard , Hella , Mahle , Dräxlmaier , Flex , etc. In recent years, certain high tech know-how-intensive services , such as IT&C , have seen strong growth. Timiș has one of

10591-448: The national rate but decreasing amid an expanding suburbanization . According to the 2011 census, Hungarians are the largest ethnic minority in Timiș County, numbering 35,295 people or 5.2% of the county's population. Significant concentrations of the Hungarian population follow the areas where the policy of colonization of the Kingdom of Hungary manifested itself in the 19th century and

10710-658: The nine deaneries of the Reformed Eparchy of Piatra Craiului . Lugoj is the seat of the Greek Catholic Archbishopric of Lugoj and one of the two deaneries of the Ukrainian Orthodox Vicarage . Timiș County is administered by a county council ( consiliu județean ) consisting of 36 councilors. Following the 2020 local elections , the council is chaired by Alin Nica  [ ro ] from PNL , and

10829-434: The number of animals in the private sector. As of 2019, livestock in Timiș County consisted of 1,524,625 birds , 612,638 sheep , 605,619 swine , 45,332 bee families, 37,305 cattle , 21,890 goats and 5,659 horses . Unlike industry, trade and construction, which also generates a large part of the gross value added (GVA) of the county economy, agriculture stands out with a very high share of employment correlated with

10948-422: The number of companies in Timiș, the manufacturing industry registers a turnover of 40% of the county's total. Timiș County ranks first in the country in terms of both agricultural and arable land. Timiș County has an agricultural area of 691,299 ha, of which 531,472 ha is arable land , 118,671 pastures , 28,632 hayfields , 4,121 vineyards and vine nurseries and 8,403 orchards and fruit nurseries. One of

11067-405: The oldest and most important agricultural activities in the county, with favorable climatic conditions, is the cultivation of cereals and technical plants, and viticulture is practiced in most of the communes in the plain and hill area of the county. Places like Recaș , Buziaș and Giarmata are renowned for their wine production . The production of vegetables in individual micro-farms is also

11186-463: The people of Banat, through which the Romanian language and culture were promoted. The oldest Romanian choir in Banat was the plowmen's vocal choir, founded in 1857 in Chizătău , which was born from the old church choir. It was also the most famous and appreciated choral formation in the area, which had resounding success at various competitions and festivals, along with other Banat choirs. Banat choirs had

11305-406: The plain alternate with small areas of secondary meadows dominated by fescue associations ( Festuca valesiaca , Festuca rupicola and Festuca pseudovina ) mixed with wormwood ( Artemisia austriaca ) and others. The deciduous forests, made up of pedunculate oak ( Quercus robur ), Austrian oak ( Quercus cerris ) and Hungarian oak ( Quercus frainetto ), occupy insularly or on compact areas

11424-421: The plain covers about 6,700 km , representing 77.2% of the county's area; the hills cover about 1,650 km , i.e. 19.01%; and the mountains cover a relatively small area of 300 km , i.e. 3.45%. The plain penetrates in a gulf-like manner the hilly areas, on the valleys of Timiș (towards Lugoj ) and Bega (towards Făget ). In the east of the county lie the pre-mountain hills of Buziaș and the southern sector of

11543-420: The political composition of the council is as follows: Timiș County is divided into two municipalities ( municipiu ), eight towns ( oraș ) and 89 communes ( comună ) with 313 villages: The flag of Timiș County has a rectangular shape, with its width equal to ⅔ of its length and consists of the county coat of arms superimposed on a white background. White chosen for the flag signifies purity and peace. Above

11662-406: The population, religious affiliation is unknown. At the end of the 18th century, Lugoj was recorded as an important viticultural center, with 90% of the population owning vineyards. During this period, the population was engaged in agriculture, viticulture, animal husbandry and crafts. An important moment in the history of Lugoj is the formation of guilds towards the end of the 18th century, marking

11781-465: The representative constructions of Lugoj. The Parvy-Haberehrn Palace was built in 1897 in eclectic style and is several years older than the Bejan Palace. The court building was built between 1901 and 1906 in an eclectic style, combining classical elements, pilasters with Doric and Corinthian capitals in the upper register. The former headquarters of the financial administration, the current City Hall,

11900-681: The ridges of the Poiana Ruscă Mountains. The maximum rainfall occurs in June, as a result of the intensification of cyclonic activity in the North Atlantic or in the Mediterranean basin. On the other hand, the lowest average monthly amounts fall in February–March. The snow layer is unstable and has insignificant thicknesses. Predominant winds blow from the north (16.9%), east (15%), northwest (9.1%) and south (8.4%), with average annual speeds between 1.2 and 3.8 m/s. Local winds include austru (dry wind from

12019-538: The right bank and the "German Lugoj" on the left bank. The city administers two villages, Măguri and Tapia. The origin of the toponym Lugoj has generated a series of controversies over time. Vasile Maniu  [ ro ] claims that it derives from the Latin word "lucus" (grove, small forest). Iorgu Iordan , in his Romanian toponymy , accepts the origin of the name from the Slavic prefix "lug-" or "luh-" (swamp forest) and

12138-492: The school year 2019/2020, Timiș County had a school population of 177,301: 25,266 children in pre-school education , 97,934 pupils in pre-university education and 54,101 students in university , post-university , academic and continuing education . In Timiș County, 617 educational units are accredited and authorized, of which 580 are state-funded . Timișoara is one of the four national university centers, together with Bucharest , Cluj-Napoca and Iași , as established by

12257-525: The seat of Krassó County . After the revolution of 1848 , for a short time, it was returned to the possession of Austria, so that through the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867 it was returned to Hungary, integrating into the dualist empire thus created. Starting with 1881, Lugoj became the capital of the new Krassó-Szörény County , created by merging the Krassó and Szörény counties, and in 1889 it

12376-557: The second largest minority, with 14,525 people (or 2.1% of the county's population) at the 2011 census, although unofficial estimates put the figure at 45,000. Măguri , a component locality of Lugoj municipality, is the only village in the county where the Roma have an absolute majority (69.4% in 2011). The largest communities of Serbs , Germans and Bulgarians in Romania also live in Timiș County. The number of Serbs living in Timiș exceeds 10,000. Most of them are located in Timișoara and in

12495-417: The shaping of social categories capable of receiving them. In 1725 the first settlers from Austria , Bohemia , Bavaria and Silesia were brought to Lugoj, dealing mainly with blacksmithing, carpentry and masonry. They were settled to the left of Timiș, in a strictly delimited area, where they built their houses, laying the foundations of "German Lugoj" ( German : Deutsch-Lugosch ). The two localities on

12614-541: The south), coșavă (high-speed cold wind), rușavăț (in the Banat Plain) and mountain breezes (in the east). Ethnic composition of Timiș County (2021) Religious composition of Timiș County (2021) According to the 2021 census , Timiș County had a population of 650,533 (or 3.4% of the country's population), being the sixth most populous county in Romania. The population density was 74.8/km (193.7/sq mi). Timiș County has an urbanization rate of 61.8%, above

12733-613: The southeastern part of the Pannonian Plain , the subsoil of Timiș County there are deposits of lignite ( Sinersig ), basalt ( Lucareț – Șanovița ), manganese ( Pietroasa ), clay ( Biled , Cărpiniș , Jimbolia , Lugoj and Sânnicolau Mare ), crude oil and gas (in the western part of the county), sand ( Șag ) and glass sand ( Groși – Făget , Tomești and Gladna Montană ). Mineral waters are also exploited in Buziaș , Călacea , Ivanda , Bogda and Timișoara . The soil of Timiș County offers extremely favorable conditions for

12852-571: The status of civitas regionalis , as well as heraldic signs – a wolf standing above the crown. The Banat of Lugos and Karánsebes resisted the Turkish pressures until 1658 when Ákos Barcsay , prince of Transylvania, asked the people of Lugoj and Caransebeș to accept the decision of the Diet of Sighișoara , subduing to the Turks. They soon occupied the town, bringing in a military garrison led by an agha . The end of

12971-542: The town in the early 18th century, working in manufacturing and in running the transport system. They eventually adhered to the Neolog movement; a Jewish school was founded in 1883. Many Jews left at the end of World War I and the beginning of Romanian rule. Zionist activity began in 1919. In 1930, there were 1,418 Jews, accounting for 6% of the population. During World War II, the Ion Antonescu regime economically sanctioned

13090-428: The transition to the future industrial system. The first industrial activities present in Lugoj were: milling (Elisabeth Imperial Mill, 1722), cloth manufacturing, blanket manufacturing, silk processing and brewing. At present, the main economic areas in Lugoj are represented by: manufacturing (57%), trade (23%), transport and storage (6%) and construction (5%). In the local economy, the largest contribution to turnover

13209-494: The villages of Măguri and Tapia. Within Timiș County, Lugoj is located in its central-eastern part. According to the National Territorial Planning Scheme, Lugoj is a second-tier locality – municipality of county and zonal importance at county level, secondary pole at county level, with a balancing role in the network of localities. It is the second largest and most important city in Timiș County, being part of

13328-564: Was Wiener Secession used throughout the Austro-Hungarian monarchy, combining the functional aspects with a rich decoration, but which did not aim to mask the constructive structure. One of the important public buildings of the city was the People's Palace built in 1904 according to the plans of royal architect Armin Villanyi. Occupying one side of Iosif Constantin Drăgan Square, the building hosted

13447-508: Was built between 1903 and 1905 and is of neoclassical design, as it is the Muschong Palace. Muschong Palace was built in the period immediately following the union, around 1926–1927, by architect Aladar Ferenczik for industrialist Jacob Muschong 's family. The building was used as the Muschong family home, and on the ground floor were the brick factory offices and several shops. The Palace of

13566-602: Was built, which has obvious Austrian Baroque influences, between 1898 and 1899, the building of the current History Museum was built, the facade of which is decorated in Baroque style, and between 1899 and 1900, the theater was built in neoclassical style. The Bejan Palace of the Athanasievici-Bejan noble family was built between 1900 and 1901 based on the project of architect Karl Hart in an eclectic and Late Baroque style, with elements of Art Nouveau architecture, being one of

13685-527: Was count of Temes, John Hunyadi ordered the restoration and strengthening of the fortress on the right bank of Timiș, by building ramparts and palisades . The merits of the Lugoj District in the battles with the Turks are recognized on 29 August 1457, by a diploma of privileges granted by King Ladislaus the Posthumous . A special moment during this period is the participation of the people of Lugoj, under

13804-416: Was declared a municipality. The new statute brought a series of defining changes in the ethnic and religious structure and in the economic and cultural evolution of the whole area. Hungarian reformism made possible access to modernity in the fields of institutions, legislation and education system, imposing emancipation from the servitudes of the medieval mentality, the penetration of new European ideas and thus

13923-489: Was exclusively private. Banat cuisine has been strongly influenced by the Austro-Hungarian one , but to a large extent by Greek , Italian and French cuisines too. The dishes prepared in Banat are mostly made of pork , chicken or beef , with vegetables fried in lard or oil , with flour sauces, to make them more consistent, seasoned with pepper , thyme , paprika or caraway . Broadly speaking, Banat cuisine

14042-577: Was founded under the direction of composer Conrad Paul Wusching  [ de ] – Lugoscher Gesang und Musikverein / Lugosi Dal- és Zeneegylet . The cultural life of Lugoj has been enriched over the years with the activity carried out by the Chamber Music Society (1869) and the Philharmonic Orchestra (1926). The first theater performance in Lugoj took place on 10 May 1841 and was a school theater performance staged by students from

14161-410: Was made by Imre Jakabffy, count of Krassó-Szörény, who, after managing to get the land for the new theater, mobilized the local population who donated 24,000 kroner to build the theater. During the interwar period, in Lugoj, several amateur theater societies were active: Thalia Romanian Theater Association, Banat Academic Circle, Musical Theater Society, which carried out a fruitful activity to promote

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