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92-498: The foundation of the city took place on May 3, 1884. The name comes from a stream used by cowboys in the 19th century for stopping and taking water. The city grew because of coffee, and, today, it is famous because of orange cultivation and orange juice factories. The municipality contains 3 districts: Bebedouro (the main district), Botafogo (2,000 inhabitants) and Turvínea (1,000 inhabitants). There are two more villages: Andes (500 inhabitants) and Areias (less than 50 inhabitants). Andes

184-723: A five-digit set: Central ("2" station), North automatic ("3" station), North manual ("4" station), Beira Mar ("5" station), Sul ("6" station), Ipanema ("7" station), Vila ("8" station), Ramos ("8-8" station), Piedade ("8-9" station) and Jardim ("9" station). On January 13, 1935, the number 2 was added to the beginning of each telephone prefix. The manual telephone exchanges in Jacarepaguá , Marechal Hermes , Bangu , Campo Grande , Santa Cruz , Ilha do Governador and Paquetá became automated in 1965 when they began to be operated by Companhia Estadual de Telefones da Guanabara (CETEL). Inauguration of automatic telephone exchanges: Until

276-474: A headway of 30 minutes each. There are not free transfers between the routes. The economy of the municipality is based on orange crops and orange juice industry. In telecommunications, the city was served by Companhia Telefônica Brasileira until 1973, when it began to be served by Telecomunicações de São Paulo . In July 1998, this company was acquired by Telefónica, which adopted the Vivo brand in 2012. The company

368-518: A large area of the state of São Paulo, but was unsuccessful. In 1969, the Direct Distance Dialing (DDD) system was introduced throughout Brazil. Between 1969 and 1973, the system was integrated into the following CTB areas: The International Direct Dialing (IDD) system was implemented in these cities by Telerj and Telesp. Locations served by CTB in the state of Rio de Janeiro transferred to Telerj in 1976: Locations served by CTB in

460-468: A large lake (whose surrounding areas is called "Região do Lago"), squares, sport courts, sport fields, space for walkers, runners, skaters and a "sambódromo" (space for carnival parades). Alongside this park, there are several bars, snack bars, restaurants, dancing clubs and small amusement parks. There are boulevards linking the downtown to the periphery. These boulevards are interlinked by a system with circular avenues. The public transport has 6 routes with

552-569: A million shares. In 1962, the Brazilian Telecommunications Code was instituted by President João Goulart amid a strong nationalist campaign against the Brascan group and other foreign companies. On March 31, 1962, the federal government, in contact with CTB's management since December 1961 regarding its purchase, decreed intervention in the company for a period of six months, which was extended successively until 1966. Although

644-500: A modern city, with modern buildings and several shopping malls. Its economy is centered on its trading and commerce services, like real-estate corporations, graphic design , web design and publicity. It also hosts industries of food (especially seafood), clothes, candles, and marine objects . The city is located 25 minutes away from Rio de Janeiro 's downtown region. Niterói boasts the title of fourth richest city in Rio de Janeiro State, and

736-526: A number of urban developments such as the steam boat, public lighting to whale oil, water supply and new means of transport to connect the city to the interior of the province. Nine years later, the Emperor D. Pedro II granted the city of Niterói the title of Imperial City . The appointment was given to the most important cities, giving them some autonomy and regional power. At the end of the 19th century, around 1885 , some tram systems were founded, which allowed

828-590: A reflexive pronoun, terõ , "sinuous" (a term recorded by Antonio Ruiz de Montoya in his Tesoro de la lengua guaraní ), and îá , a particle that indicates a customary trait. Edelweiss reinforces this hypothesis through the poem De Gestis Mendi de Saa , which calls Rio de Janeiro a "sinuous port" twice, and he suggests that this designation reveals Tupi influence. [REDACTED] Portuguese Empire 1573–1815 [REDACTED] United Kingdom 1815–1822 [REDACTED]   Empire of Brazil 1822–1889 [REDACTED] Republic of Brazil 1889–present In

920-533: A secretary appointed by the mayor. The legislative power is constituted to the Municipality of Niterói (CMN), composed of 21 elected councilors for mandates of four years (in compliance with the provisions of Article 29 of the Federal Constitution, which governs a minimum and maximum number for municipalities according to with number of inhabitants). It is up to the house to draft and vote fundamental laws to

1012-568: A total of 1,125,000 telephones in service. In October 1971, CTB and its subsidiaries launched the plan for the installation of one million telephones by 1975, a priority target for the federal government in the telecommunications sector; 855,000 telephone terminals would be allocated to the CTB area. In 1972, the plan was updated to 920,000 terminals, distributed as follows: 500,000 Ericsson terminals, 300,000 Standard Electrica terminals and 160,000 NEC Brasil terminals have been contracted to implement

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1104-457: A tract of land. Thus, the entrance to the bay would be fully protected from intrusion. The place to be occupied by Arariboia was known as "Banda D'Além" (the land beyond), in the eastern side of the bay, from River Marui to the Red Barriers between Gragoata and Boa Viagem beaches. This area corresponded to what is nowadays the northwestern part of the municipality of Niterói, which includes

1196-496: Is 14 km (8.7 mi) distant from Rio de Janeiro City, to which it is linked by the Rio–Niterói Bridge and two ferryboat services. According to the 2010 Brazilian Census, the city has a population of 487,320 people, making it the fifth most populous city in the state of Rio de Janeiro and the 39th most populous in the country . At the 2010 Census, the population of Niterói grew 9.3% from 2000 to 2010, meaning Niterói had

1288-557: Is a term of Tupi origin, with " Nheterõîa " being its recorded form in the Vocabulary in the Brasílica Language  [ d ] ( Vocabulário na língua brasílica ), a dictionary of the Tupi language compiled at the end of the 16th century. According to Frederico Edelweiss  [ pt ] , this term would mean "the (bay) all sinuous", through the composition of nhe- ,

1380-408: Is considered as an urban area, although it is not officially a district. There is another locality known historically because in the past it was a train station between Bebedouro and Botafogo: Mirante de São Paulo. In Bebedouro, there are 3 hospitals, 13 health centers, several shopping stores (including a mall with more than 50 stores), 1 movie theater, 1 theater, three museums (one historical, one at

1472-404: Is currently an operator of cell phones, fixed lines, internet (fiber optics/4G) and television (satellite and cable). This geographical article relating to the state of São Paulo is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Companhia Telef%C3%B4nica Brasileira Companhia Telefônica Brasileira (CTB) was a Brazilian fixed-line telephone company that provided services to

1564-560: Is one of the largest historical and cultural centers in Brazil. Its culture is characterized by fishing villages (Jurujuba), forts, museums and futuristic monuments, such as the Museum of Contemporary Art , the symbol of the municipality, built by the modernist architect Oscar Niemeyer and the Popular Theater of Niterói. The social culture is based on a very hospitable population, which resulted in

1656-519: Is represented by the mayor and cabinet of secretaries, in accordance with the model proposed by the Federal Constitution . The Organic Law of the Municipality and the current Master Plan, however, prescribe that the public administration should give the population effective tools to exercise participatory democracy. Thus, the city is divided into regional secretariats (although it has already been divided into regional administrations), each headed by

1748-563: Is the Sete de Abril Building, an art deco property designed by Ramos de Azevedo in partnership with Severo & Villares in the renowned Ramos de Azevedo Office , and inaugurated on September 24, 1938. Its facade became a heritage site in 1992. Currently closed, the complex is the second in the city of São Paulo to receive a permit to perform a retrofit within the rules of the Requalifica Centro Program. It will be reopened under

1840-504: The Ato Adicional . Niterói served the function of capital until the year of 1975 – except for the period between 1894 and 1903 when it was temporarily transferred to the city of Petrópolis . Vila Real da Praia Grande was officially renamed Nictheroy ( Tupi for "hidden waters") on 6 March 1835 . This old spelling persisted until the mid-20th century, when the current spelling– Niterói –was adopted. The capital condition has brought

1932-591: The Caio Martins Stadium , which is located in the Santa Rosa neighborhood and has for years been the home of Canto do Rio and more recently Botafogo in the 2000s. In 2007, the stadium's gymnasium was the stage of the final of the Feminine Superleague of Volleyball , that finished with victory of the team of Rio de Janeiro. Nowadays, the stadium is used for training of Botafogo and in games scheduled by

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2024-782: The Castelo Branco government expressed an interest in opening up opportunities for private capital to participate in the sector, it ended up nationalizing CTB after extensive negotiations with the Brascan group. In March 1966, Embratel , which was responsible for two-thirds of the Brazilian telephone system and operated in an area containing 45% of the Brazilian population, took control of CTB. In 1966, CTB had 584,000 installed telephone terminals in its coverage area, excluding subsidiaries, including 245,000 in Guanabara, 183,000 in São Paulo, 77,000 in

2116-555: The Kubitschek government , the Brazilian Telephone Company was nationalized and officially named Companhia Telefônica Brasileira by Decree No. 40,439. Its headquarters were transferred to Rio de Janeiro and its capital divided between seven shareholders: six native Brazilians, each holding a single share, and the holding company Brazilian Traction Light and Power Co. Ltd , now known as Brascan - Brasil Canada Ltda, with almost

2208-483: The uniselector type in the city of São Paulo, which had not yet reached their maximum capacity, were expanded. From then on, the new exchanges installed were electromechanical crossbars . Between 1966 and 1971, 129,000 telephone terminals were installed, rotary exchanges were expanded and new Pentaconta 1000 ( Standard Electrica ) crossbar exchanges equipped for the DDD system were set up. The plan's first telephone exchange

2300-417: The 36% in 1950. Niterói is a town with a high quality of life and a centre of agglomerate made up by rich families. In 2010, "Class A" people were 32% (the highest index in Brazil, while 14.8% were in the poverty line, less than cities like Detroit, Miami, Cleveland and Philadelphia . Homes in the "Ghetto type" were 27% (Favelas 6%), less than Rio de Janeiro (37.5% "Ghetto type" with 11% made up Favelas). In

2392-706: The Church of Saint Peter the Fisherman, the Cathedral of Saint John the Baptist and the Basilica of Our Lady Help of Christians embellish the streets with their baroque , classic and colonial architectures . Besides being hometown of stars like Leonardo , Edmundo and Gérson , the city is also homeland of the Canto do Rio Foot-Ball Club , which was founded in 1913 and was the only club outside

2484-584: The Companhia de Telefones Interestaduais, a telephone operator that worked in several cities in the states of Minas Gerais and Rio de Janeiro. In 1919, Companhia Telefônica do Estado de São Paulo and Rede Telefônica Bragantina were definitively incorporated. On January 15, 1923, at a meeting held by the board of directors of the Brazilian Traction Light and Power Co. Ltd. in Toronto , managers decided that

2576-517: The Museum of Contemporary Art, Square Juscelino Kubitschek. the Popular Theater of Niterói and the rest of the Niemeyer Way. Also known to have the best scout group in Brazil, the 4th GEMAR-Gaviões do Mar. The Catholic churches also express a lot of niteroiense culture. The São Lourenço dos Índios Church, the foundation of the municipality, the Church of São Sebastião de Itaipu, Nossa Senhora da Boa Viagem,

2668-489: The Rio Cricket and Athletic Association, which participated in the first championship in Rio, reaching third place and having the championship set in its stadium. Rio Cricket also participated in (possibly) the first rivalry of Rio de Janeiro's football, with Paissandu Atlético Clube , a club in the city of Rio de Janeiro, which was founded by Rio Cricket founders and has a Rio de Janeiro Championship title. The city also has

2760-401: The Rio de Janeiro & São Paulo Telephone Company would change its name to the Brazilian Telephone Company. Decree No. 16.222 of November 28, 1923 authorized the company to continue operating in Brazil and allowed the translation of the name into Portuguese as Companhia Telefônica Brasileira (CTB). In 1923 Brazil had 100,000 telephones; 75% of which were controlled by CTB. On March 25, 1929,

2852-682: The Rio de Janeiro Tramway, Light and Power Company in the energy sector, as well as the Rio de Janeiro Telephone Company in the telecommunications sector. In 1914, the firm acquired the Interurban Telephone Company and, in 1916, became the manager of the Companhia Telefônica do Estado de São Paulo and the Rede Telefônica Bragantina through the Rio de Janeiro & São Paulo Telephone Company, authorized to operate by Decree No. 11,500 of February 23, 1915. It also merged

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2944-458: The S. M.T.A., São Vicente to Cia Telefônica do Litoral Paulista, São Carlos to Telefônica Central Paulista and Franca to Cia Telefônica de Franca; all of which inaugurated automatic exchanges. It also lost licences in Caçapava to COTESP , Cubatão and Suzano to CTBC, and in other cities such as Aparecida , Atibaia , Cotia , Itanhaém and Ourinhos . On November 28, 1956, during

3036-519: The Santa Rosa farm was divided into estates, while Jurujuba evolved from an old fishermen colony. São Francisco and Charitas, sites named after the Catholic Church built in honor to Saint Francis by the Jurujuba cove, remained sparsely populated until about 1940. As for the northern zone of Niteroi, its urbanization began in the late 19th century, when a tramway was inaugurated, allowing the expansion of

3128-517: The Telephone Company of Brazil was licensed to operate. By 1883, five stations with 1,000 subscribers each had been installed in Rio de Janeiro. In the 1880s, several companies became involved in providing telephone services in Rio de Janeiro: Companhia União Telefônica do Brasil (1885), Empresa Obras Públicas do Brasil (1889), Companhia Telefônica Industrial (1890), Siemens & Halsk (1897) and Brasilianische Elektrizitäts Gesellschaft (1899);

3220-591: The administration and to the Executive, especially the participative budget (Budgetary Guidelines Law). The current mayor of Niterói is Axel Grael of the Democratic Labour Party , who was elected in 2020 amidst the ongoing coronavirus pandemic in Brazil; he was ex-mayor Rodrigo Neves ' deputy for the 2012–2016 term and Secretary of Planning during the 2017–2020 term. Niteroi is one most important financial and commercial centers in Rio de Janeiro State, like

3312-515: The archiepiscopal seat is in the city of Niterói. The Archdiocese of Niterói comprises 14 municipalities of the region of the capital and the interior of Rio de Janeiro State, forming in total 73 parishes and 1 quasi-parish divided into 6 vicariates. There is also the Jewish community integrated to the Israeli Federation of Rio de Janeiro, it also has the most different Protestant creeds, as well as

3404-736: The beginning of 1928, the city of São Paulo only had manual telephone exchanges. On January 7, CTB added a digit before the numbers of the four main telephone exchanges, to form a set with five digits: Central ("2" Station), Cidade ("4" Station), Avenida ("7" Station) and Brás ("9" Station). Inauguration of automatic telephone exchanges: The first coin-operated public telephones were installed in Santos in March 1934 and in Rio de Janeiro in 1935. Later, they were installed in bars, pharmacies and grocery stores. In order to facilitate use, telephone tokens began to be used instead of coins. In 1958, CTB inaugurated

3496-406: The capital of the state of Rio de Janeiro. This brought about a new impulse to modernize the city with the construction of squares, decks, parks, waterway station and sewage network, as well as widening of the streets and main avenues. A circus fire in the city killed 323 people on 17 December 1961; the fire was later found to have been deliberately set by disgruntled circus employees. It is one of

3588-479: The center and in the Charitas neighborhood. The crossing between Praça Arariboia and Praça 15 de Novembro is done by large boats, with capacity for up to 2,000 passengers, in a journey that lasts about twenty minutes. Since 2006, the boats have been gradually replaced by large catamarans with a lower capacity (up to 1,200 passengers), but with a shorter crossing time of between 12 and 15 minutes. The crossing between

3680-623: The central and northern zones of its urban area. There, in the "Land Beyond", Arariboia founded the Town of Saint Lawrence of the Indians (in Portuguese , Vila de São Lourenço dos Índios ), the embryo for the future city of Niterói , a Tupi name that means "Hidden Waters". The village was visited by the King of Brazil , John VI , in 1816, who also decreed its emancipation from Rio de Janeiro on 10 May 1819 and gave

3772-585: The city of Rio de Janeiro to participate in the Rio de Janeiro Championship in the 1940s. The club also had its anthem composed by Lamartine Babo , composer of the anthems for every participant of the Rio de Janeiro Championship of 1941 due to a radio campaign. The city is not currently represented in the elite of national football. Other football clubs in the city are the Fonseca Athletic Club , which recently announced its return to professional football and

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3864-543: The city of Niterói there are several manifest religious doctrines. According to the 2010 census, of the total population of Niterói, there were 258,391 Roman Catholic (53%), 97,759 evangelicals (35%) and 34,484 Spiritists (11%). According to the division of the Catholic Church in Brazil, Niterói belongs to the Regional Episcopal Council East I of the National Conference of Bishops of Brazil, and

3956-681: The city of Niterói. There are just under fifty active lines, all operated by private companies. Most municipal bus lines have an end point in the center of Niterói (at the João Goulart Bus Terminal), or they pass through the center of Niterói. The sea crossing between Niterói and the city of Rio de Janeiro is made by two routes, both having as destination the Praça XV Station. The stations, in Niterói, are located in Arariboia Square, in

4048-426: The city to north and northeast, as well boosting the urban growth of the neighbouring municipality of São Gonçalo. The realm of Itaipu – a former vast zone of farming lands and forests east of Niteroi – was annexed to the municipality in 1943. It has lost its countryside traits and its urban population has grown fast since the late 1960s. In the early 20th century, Niteroi started its industrialization boom. Niteroi

4140-499: The city. Other important schools are PH, Marília Matoso, Pedro II, Gay Lussac, Instituto Abel , Colégio Nossa Senhora Das Mercês, the Salesian High School , ETE – Henrique Lage (a.k.a. Faetec), Oswaldo Cruz Institute and Escola Canadense de Niterói . Niterói has the highest Human Development Index (HDI) and best level of literacy in Rio de Janeiro State . The urban bus service is the only means of public transportation in

4232-610: The colony returned to France, where they accused Villegaignon of prejudice against Protestants and of maladministration. The French navigator had to return to France to explain himself. Following the absence of the French leader, the Portuguese crown began noticing that the bay of Rio de Janeiro would make a strategic scale for the Atlantic route of ships from Portugal to its colonies in Africa and Asia, as well an important advanced bridgehead for

4324-404: The company registered 100,000 installed telephones. In December 1936, it operated 166,000 telephones, including 99,000 automatics, 63,000 in Rio de Janeiro (with 16,000 manuals remaining) and 22,000 in São Paulo (with 19,000 manuals remaining). In February 1937, CTB reached 100,000 automatic telephones installed. On July 25, 1939, it reached 200,000 telephones installed by CTB. At the firm's request,

4416-622: The company until 1946, when LTB-Listas Telefônicas Brasileiras , founded by businessman G. J. Huber , former director of CTB's directory department, began its activities as a supplier of telephone directories for Rio de Janeiro. Huber, in exchange for the exclusive rights to sell advertisements, offered to publish the list of subscribers and the Yellow Pages free of charge. In 1954, CTB sold its shares in LTB to another company, which allowed LTB to produce lists for other concessionaires, while maintaining

4508-457: The contract to publish CTB lists. In 1928, the Sino Azul magazine, a monthly periodical distributed free of charge to CTB employees, was launched. The magazine dealt with subjects such as news, cultural aspects, activities in the telephony sector and social notes related to the company. Considered one of the first national business publications, it followed the evolution of telephony in Brazil and

4600-568: The defense of South Brazil. Fortresses were built and an alliance was formed with nearby native Tupi-Guaraní tribes to defend the settlement against other European invaders. Then, in 1560, the Portuguese leader Mem de Sá attacked and destroyed the French fort that was located in Guanabara Bay, Coligny Fort, without, however, being able to definitively expel the French from the region. Estácio de Sá , Mem de Sá's nephew, who would continue to command

4692-473: The end, there were only two daily trips, one in each direction, using an obsolete train of the 1950s. The line is now deactivated and in several sections, the tracks have been removed by the municipalities of São Gonçalo and Niterói. Since in the future there is the proposal to use the bed of this branch for the implementation of part of the projected Line 3 of the Rio Metro between Niterói and Itaboraí. Niterói

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4784-472: The expansion of the city to Icaraí, Ponta d'Areia and Itaipu districts. In 1890, the Brazilian provinces began being called states and the neutral municipality (Rio de Janeiro city) had its status changed to Federal District (or simply DF , the Portuguese acronym for Distrito Federal ). The monarchist navy revolt in 1893 damaged productive activities and forced the transfer of the capital's headquarters to Petrópolis . In 1903 , Niterói returned to be

4876-757: The extension of the Ipiranga telephone exchange ("63" Station). The first crossbar exchange was installed in March 1967 in Jardins ("282" Station), the first time a three-digit prefix was used in Brazil. Between 1968 and 1970, 16 new telephone centers were opened: The plan was finalized in September 1970 with the installation of the Brás telephone exchange ("292" Station). Interior of São Paulo Between 1967 and 1971, 35,000 telephone terminals and new automatic exchanges were installed in different cities. Contracts were signed for

4968-414: The fifth most populous city in the state. It has the highest Human Development Index in the state and the seventh highest among Brazil's municipalities in 2010. Individually, it is the second municipality with the highest average monthly household income per capita in Brazil and appears in 13th place among the municipalities of the country according to social indicators related to education. The city has

5060-461: The firm responsible for operating the service. In February, a deal was signed with a German company, which provisionally installed a telephone exchange in the city until the Central Station was inaugurated on November 3, 1899, in a building on Tiradentes Square . On March 9, 1906, a fire destroyed the exchange's facilities, which reopened in September 1906. In 1910, the Interurban Telephone Company

5152-553: The firms did not possess exclusive rights to the services. In 1891, the São Paulo and Santos lines, which belonged to the Companhia União Telefônica do Brasil, were transferred to the Companhia Telefônica do Estado de São Paulo, a firm that also acquired the Campinas lines in 1911. In 1896, the Rede Telefônica Bragantina, which lasted 15 years and served 98 cities in the states of São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro and Minas Gerais,

5244-479: The first long-distance automatic direct dialing system (DDD) in Latin America between the cities of São Paulo and Santos using coaxial cables . The following year, the system was inaugurated between the cities of Rio de Janeiro and Niterói. The first telephone directory produced by CTB was launched in 1918, when it belonged to the Rio de Janeiro & São Paulo Telephone Company. It continued to be published by

5336-614: The inadequacy of the telephone connection between these cities and São Paulo had serious economic consequences for the region, which was experiencing fast industrial growth. During the same period, CTB lost coverage in important cities such as Piracicaba to Telefônica Piracicaba, Jundiaí to Telefônica Jundiaí, Sorocaba to Cia Rede Telefônica Sorocabana, Osasco to Cia Telefônica Suburbana Paulista, Guarulhos to Cia Telefônica de Guarulhos, Mogi das Cruzes to Telefônica Mogi das Cruzes, Jacareí to Telefônica Jacareí, Pindamonhangaba to Cia Telefônica de Pindamonhangaba, Guaratinguetá to

5428-603: The inauguration ceremony was held at the Catete Palace and attended by President Getúlio Vargas and Minister of Foreign Affairs Oswaldo Aranha , who called Carlos Martins, the Brazilian ambassador in Washington . The administrative headquarters were located in the city of Rio de Janeiro. The headquarters of the São Paulo Operations Directorate (DOSP) was based in the Sete de Abril Complex, whose main block

5520-787: The installation of automatic networks in 36 cities, including 19 where the telephone system was automated with 5005 crossbar exchanges ( Plessey ) equipped for DDD and one-digit prefixes. In 1968, the Embu automatic exchange was inaugurated, and in 1971 "3" Station in Santos was installed in a new building on Washington Luiz Avenue. Construction work was finished on the telephone exchanges in Amparo , Carapicuíba , Ibitinga , Indaiatuba , Lorena , Salto , São Manuel , São Roque , Sertãozinho and Taquaritinga , but these were only activated later by Telesp . On December 31, 1971, 899,000 telephone terminals, excluding subsidiaries, were in operation, with

5612-460: The installation of the Tiradentes ("224" Station), Copacabana ("255" Station), Engenho Novo ("281" Station) and Ipanema ("287" Station) exchanges. Between 1966 and 1970, more than 205,000 telephone terminals were installed in two stages: expansion of the uniselector exchanges and installation of new ARF ( Ericsson ) crossbar exchanges equipped for the DDD system. The project began in March 1966 with

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5704-458: The interior of São Paulo and 34,000 in the state of Rio de Janeiro. 529,000 terminals were in service and 817,000 telephones had been installed. The Brazilian Constitution of 1967 created the Ministry of Communications , which surveyed the telephony situation in Brazil, launched a plan for emergency and long-term solutions and divided CTB's area of operation, assigning it the responsibility of serving

5796-753: The international needs of Brazil's expanding economy. The cities of São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Belo Horizonte and Brasília were interconnected via microwave links. Communication to most of the states was via radiotelegraph and radiotelephone services, mostly run by foreign concessionaires (Telégrafo Nacional, Radiobrás , Radional, Western, All América and Italcable ). The holding company Brazilian Traction Light and Power Co. Ltd. established telephone services in Espírito Santo and Minas Gerais by founding Companhia Telefônica do Espírito Santo (CTES) in 1951 and Companhia Telefônica de Minas Gerais (CTMG) in 1953, both subsidiaries of CTB. In 1955, CTB served 175 cities in

5888-526: The latter was acquired in 1905 by the Canadian-owned Rio de Janeiro Tramway, Light and Power Company and was renamed Rio de Janeiro Telephone Company in 1907. In 1897, the Central, Largo do Machado, São Clemente, Estácio de Sá, São Cristóvão, Engenho Novo, Andaraí and Santa Teresa stations, located in Rio de Janeiro, were closed after the cancellation of the contract with Companhia Telefônica Industrial,

5980-624: The lowest city population growth in the state of Rio de Janeiro in this period. The quality of life of the municipality of Niteroi is considered one of the best (third place) among 5,600 other Brazilian municipalities, according to UN indexes (2000 est.). The population in Niteroi in 2010 was 487,327, down from the 698,582 in 1950, but with an increase compared to 2000, of 9%. According to the Census in 2010, whites were 73.6%, multiracial 19.1%, black 4%. Non-Brazilians of any race were 1% of population, down from

6072-464: The most visited; Praia do Sossego, Praia Adam and Eve and Prainha. It has two saltwater lagoons: Piratininga and Itaipu. The first is linked to the second by means of the Camboatá Canal, opened by the National Department of Sanitation Works in 1946. The Itaipu Lagoon, in turn, connects to the sea through the Itaipu Canal, which was built in 1979. The relief consists of crystalline terrains, divided into massifs and coastal hills. The massifs predominate in

6164-505: The mudslide triggered due to heavy rainfall cost at least 200 lives. At least 11,000 people were forced to flee homes due to further mudslides. Niterói has an area of 129,375 square kilometers located between the Guanabara Bay (west), the Atlantic Ocean (south), Maricá (east) and São Gonçalo (north). There are a number of beaches in the area, including Praia de Fora and Praia do Imbuí, with their historical values; Piratininga Beach, Camboinhas Beach, Itaipu Beach and Itacoatiara Beach,

6256-403: The name Basílio 177 as an apartment complex with an open gallery of stores and restaurants. Until 1929, all telephone exchanges in the city of Rio de Janeiro were manual. On December 31, with the inauguration of the North automatic telephone exchange, CTB made the first change to the city's telephone lines, giving the numbers of the main exchanges a one-digit prefix to identify them and forming

6348-587: The new telecommunications policy. In the same year, CTB transferred control of its subsidiaries CTMG and CTES to the firm. Ordinance No. 331 of May 26, 1972 accredited CTB as a pole company in the states of São Paulo, Guanabara and Rio de Janeiro, in accordance with the guidelines and policy of unifying the telephone system adopted by the Ministry of Communications. Consequently, CTB incorporated or began to manage several telephone companies: Interior of São Paulo CTB also tried to incorporate Companhia de Telecomunicações do Estado de São Paulo (COTESP), which covered

6440-424: The new-created municipality a new name, Vila Real da Praia Grande (Royal Town of Great Beach). In 1834 , the city of Rio de Janeiro, capital of the newly established Empire of Brazil , was detached from the rest of Rio de Janeiro Province ; Vila Real da Praia Grande was then chosen as the new capital of that province, while the city of Rio de Janeiro itself was converted into a neutral municipality , following

6532-446: The nickname of Niterói: "city-smile". The architecture of Niterói is characterized by a contrast between the past and the present. Historic buildings, such as the Niterói State Library, the Justice Palace, the Niterói Post Office Building, the Municipal Theater of Niterói, the Cantareira Station, the Ingá Palace, the Solar do Jambeiro and the Niterói City Hall stand side by side to the side with works of futuristic bond, like, for example,

6624-518: The nicknames of Cidade Sorriso (Smile City). Studies by the Getulio Vargas Foundation in June 2011 classified Niterói as the richest city of Brazil, with 55.7% of the population included in class A. Considering the classes A and B, Niterói also appears in the first place, with 85.9% of the population in these classes. According to 2010 data from IBGE , Niterói's nominal gross domestic product

6716-419: The older train station, and another with old cars, airplanes and guns, known as "Museu Matarazzo"), 1 cultural center, more than 10 supermarkets (including 4 hypermarkets), two colleges, more than 30 schools, and 7 hotels (4 of good quality). For leisure, there are 4 large parks (Horto, Ecológico, Sinésio Junqueira Franco e Centenário). The most important park is "Parque do Centenário", located in downtown, with

6808-427: The plan. In 1970, after the implementation of the expansion plan, CTB launched the " vilafones ", public telephones placed in commercial houses and residences situated in low-income neighborhoods. The first public payphones in Brazil were inaugurated on January 20, 1972, in the city of Rio de Janeiro and on January 25, 1972, in the city of São Paulo. In 1972, Telebrás was created as a holding company to implement

6900-478: The practice of Buddhism , messianism, Afro-Brazilian religions and others. Niteroi is the seat of the Fluminense Federal University , one of the most important research centers in Brazil. It does have other colleges such as ISE La Salle and Cândido Mendes University . Catholic schools, mainly La Salle Institute and São Vicente de Paulo, are the most traditional elementary and high schools of

6992-606: The south and form the mountains of Malheiro, Calaboca and Tiririca, where is the Stone of the Elephant, the highest point of the municipality, 412m high. The coastal plains are composed of sediments, obviously located near the sea. The most extensive area covers the entire area of Piratininga and Itaipu lagoons. Niterói has a tropical climate , specifically a tropical monsoon climate , with warm to hot temperatures year round as well as relatively frequent rainfall. In Niterói, executive power

7084-619: The state of São Paulo transferred to Telesp in 1973: Niter%C3%B3i Niterói ( Portuguese pronunciation: [niteˈɾɔj] ) is a municipality in the state of Rio de Janeiro , in the southeast region of Brazil . It lies across Guanabara Bay , facing the city of Rio de Janeiro and forming part of the Rio de Janeiro Metropolitan Area . It was the capital of Rio de Janeiro, as marked by its golden mural crown , from 1834 to 1894 and again from 1903 to 1975. It has an estimated population of 515,317 inhabitants (2020) and an area of 129.375 km (49.952 sq mi), making it

7176-496: The state of São Paulo, but automated service was only available in the capital and five other towns. Dissatisfaction with the service provided led the government to authorize the creation of local telephone companies in several cities with the intention of implementing automatic exchanges. In 1958, the Companhia Telefônica da Borda do Campo (CTBC) assumed responsibility for services in the municipalities of ABC Region , as

7268-422: The states of Guanabara and Rio de Janeiro. CTB presidents during this period: Between 1966 and 1971, CTB launched its first major expansion plan through the system of self-financing telephone lines. Initially, the project focused on the long queue of subscribers who had been waiting to be called since the 1940s and 1950s. The rotary -type electromechanical stations installed in the city of Rio de Janeiro and

7360-472: The states of Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo , as well as Minas Gerais and Espírito Santo through its subsidiaries CTMG and CTES . Between 1972 and 1976, CTB belonged to the Telebras system. On November 15, 1879, Pedro II granted Charles Paul Mackie, Bell Labs ' representative in Rio de Janeiro, the first authorization in Brazil to operate telephone services through Decree No. 7,539. On April 17, 1881,

7452-451: The station of Charitas and that of the Praça 15 de Novembro × is done by small catamarans, being this service considered selective transport. There was a railway extension for passenger transportation, 33 km long, connecting Niterói to the municipality of Itaboraí , passing through São Gonçalo . Until its deactivation in 2007 the extension was operated by the state-owned company Central. In

7544-681: The third in the Rio de Janeiro Metropolitan Area . The Niterói Contemporary Art Museum , the city's main landmark, was designed by the famous Brazilian modernist architect Oscar Niemeyer . The landscape of the central urban area of the city is dominated by the Niterói Tower, a tall cylindrical office building belonging to the Niterói Shopping Mall. By the time of its emancipation, the urban area of Niteroi corresponded to its central zone and São Domingos only. The south zone – Icarai, Santa Rosa, Vital Brazil – began to be urbanized in 1841, when

7636-420: The three branches of government and prevented the uniform establishment of technical and economic criteria. By 1956 the waiting list had reached 139,000 people in Rio de Janeiro and 151,000 in São Paulo. The high demand for telephone lines represented a serious problem in the main urban centers. Long-distance calls required hours of waiting. Telephone communications with the rest of the world also failed to meet

7728-615: The war, enlisted the help of the head of the Temiminos Indians, Arariboia , who accepted the governor's request to help the Portuguese expel the French from the Guanabara Bay, in the hope to regain the mother island. With the end of the war in 1567, Estácio de Sá invoked Arariboia and the Temininós Indians to occupy the right side of the entrance to the Guanabara Bay, opposite the city of São Sebastião do Rio de Janeiro founded by Estácio in 1565, as previously requested by Arariboia

7820-423: The worst tragedies in Brazilian history and the most fatal in the annals of world circus show history. Following the transference of Brazil's capital to Brasília in 1960, the city of Rio de Janeiro became a city-state named Guanabara . This state was merged with Rio de Janeiro State in 1975; since then, Niterói lost its condition of the state's capital in favor of the city of Rio de Janeiro . On 8 April 2010;

7912-563: The year 1555, French navigator Nicolas Durand de Villegaignon allied himself with the Tupinambas Indians who dominated the Guanabara Bay and instituted a French colony in the region, France Antarctique . The region was avoided by the Portuguese because of the hostility of the Tupinamba. The region developed under the command of Villegaignon, who planned to build a city in the region. After a while, Calvinists who had emigrated from France to

8004-441: Was 11.2 billion reais, being the fifth municipality with the highest gross domestic product of the state. The city is the second largest formal employer in the state of Rio de Janeiro, although it occupies the 5th place in terms of the number of inhabitants. The city is one of the main financial, commercial and industrial centers in the state of Rio de Janeiro, being the 12th among the 100 best Brazilian cities to do business. Niterói

8096-694: Was created and began operating in Niterói and Petrópolis . In 1883 the first telephone station was installed in Santos and had 75 subscribers. On January 5, 1884, the Empresa Telefônica Campineira, the first company in the state of São Paulo, was created in Campinas . On January 7, 1884, the Companhia Telégrafos Urbanos installed the first 22 telephones in the city of São Paulo. However,

8188-608: Was created in Bragança Paulista . By the end of 1916, the Companhia Telefônica do Estado de São Paulo had established six telephone stations in the city of São Paulo (Central, Brás, Bom Retiro, Cambuci, Água Branca and Cidade), one in Campinas and one in Santos. In 1912, the Canadian holding company Brazilian Traction Light and Power Company Ltd. was created. It controlled the São Paulo Tramway, Light and Power Company and

8280-521: Was founded on 22 November 1573 by the Tupi chief Arariboia , who later was forcibly converted to Roman Catholicism and was given the Christian name of Martim Afonso, after the Portuguese explorer Martim Afonso de Sousa , making it the only Brazilian city to have been founded by a non-Christian, non-assimilated indigenous person . The municipality contains part of the 2,400 hectares (5,900 acres) Serra da Tiririca State Park , created in 1991. "Niterói"

8372-613: Was inaugurated in December 1966 in Copacabana ("56" Station) and the first crossbar exchange was installed in July 1968 in Engenho Novo ("61" Station). 10 existing telephone exchanges were renovated and the Engenho Novo telephone exchange was inaugurated in 1968. In 1969, telephone numbers in Rio de Janeiro received the digit 2 at the beginning of their prefixes. The plan was finalized in 1971 with

8464-411: Was published continuously until 1989. Due to the global economic crisis and World War II , telephone equipment stopped arriving in Brazil. From 1940 onwards, the queues for lines increased; in 1945, the queue in Rio de Janeiro amounted to 29,000 people and in São Paulo to 21,000 people. The crisis worsened due to the high import tariffs on equipment. The authority to set prices remained divided between

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