118-469: Jane Nartare Beaumont (born 10 September 1956), Arnna Kathleen Beaumont (born 11 November 1958) and Grant Ellis Beaumont (born 12 July 1961), collectively referred to as the Beaumont children , were three Australian siblings who disappeared from Glenelg Beach near Adelaide , South Australia, on 26 January 1966 ( Australia Day ) in a suspected abduction and murder. Police investigations revealed that, on
236-591: A "Cornish pasty" that was smaller and was to be eaten as an "economical savoury nibble for polite middle-class Victorians". On 20 July 2011, after a nine-year campaign by the Cornish Pasty Association (CPA) – the trade organisation of about 50 pasty makers based in Cornwall – the name "Cornish pasty" was awarded Protected Geographical Indication (PGI) status by the European Commission . According to
354-411: A 13th-century charter that was granted by King John of England (in 1208) to the town of Great Yarmouth . The town was bound to send to the sheriffs of Norwich every year one hundred herrings, baked in twenty four pasties , which the sheriffs delivered to the lord of the manor of East Carlton who then conveyed them to the king. Around the same time, 13th-century chronicler Matthew Paris wrote of
472-444: A boy because of her short haircut. The man in question was later identified as businessman Alan Anthony Munro (aged 75 in 2017), a former scoutmaster who had pleaded guilty to ten child sex offences dating back to 1962. For these crimes, Munro was sentenced to ten years' imprisonment, with a non- parole period of five years and five months, making him eligible for release in 2022. In June 2017, Adelaide police detectives were given
590-402: A closed file". The State Government also continues to maintain a A$ 1 million reward for information relating to the children's disappearance. The kidnapping is also viewed by many social commentators as a significant event in the evolution of Australian society, with a large number of people changing the way they supervised their children daily. At the time, it was never publicly suggested that
708-467: A copy of a child's diary, written in 1966, which allegedly placed Munro in the vicinity of Glenelg Beach at the time of the Beaumont disappearance. He was convicted of abusing several children, including one of McIntyre's sons, who was a contributor to the diary. Munro had been previously investigated by police, but no evidence had been found that he was involved in the Beaumont case. Harry Phipps (died 2004),
826-492: A detective, drove to the designated place but nobody appeared. Some time later a third letter arrived, also purported to be from Jane, stating that the man had realised a disguised detective was present and that he decided to keep the children because the Beaumonts had betrayed his trust. There were no further letters. In 1992, new forensic examinations of the letters showed they were a hoax . Fingerprint technology had improved and
944-475: A filling in one. A West Country schoolboy playground - rhyme current in the 1940s concerning the pasty went: Matthew , Mark , Luke and John , ate a pasty five feet long, Bit it once, Bit it twice, Oh my Lord, it's full of mice. In 1959 the English singer-songwriter Cyril Tawney wrote a nostalgic song called "The Oggie Man". The song tells of the pasty-seller with his characteristic vendor's call who
1062-487: A letter from a baker to Henry VIII 's third wife Jane Seymour confirms: "...hope this pasty reaches you in better condition than the last one ..." In his diaries written in the mid-17th century, Samuel Pepys makes several references to his consumption of pasties, for instance "dined at Sir W. Pen's ... on a damned venison pasty, that stunk like a devil", but after this period the use of the word outside Devon and Cornwall declined. In contrast to its earlier place amongst
1180-637: A local factory owner and then-member of Adelaide's social elite, came to attention as a possible suspect after the publication of the book The Satin Man: Uncovering the Mystery of the Missing Beaumont Children in 2013. The book did not name the identity of the Satin Man, but Phipps' estranged son, Haydn, named him soon after the book's publication. Phipps bore a substantial likeness to the identity of
1298-401: A meat pie before, and the children's mother had given them only six shillings and six pence , enough for their bus fare and lunch, and not £1. Police believed the money had been given to them by somebody else. According to an initial statement, the Beaumont children were seen walking alone at 2:55 pm, away from the beach along Jetty Road , in the general direction of their home. The witness,
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#17330858772241416-473: A museum, tourist information centre and restaurants. Construction of Glenelg's first jetty commenced in August 1857. It was opened on 25 April 1859. The structure was 381 metres (1,250 ft) long and cost over £ 31,000 to build. It served fishermen and maritime traders, including a mail service operated by P&O , until Port Adelaide replaced it as Adelaide's main port. Passengers were also able travel from
1534-597: A nine-year-old boy in Tasmania , is reported to have previously told several acquaintances that he was responsible for the Beaumont disappearance. In 2006, O'Neill lost an injunction in the High Court of Australia to stop the broadcast of an ABC documentary, The Fishermen , which attempted to link him to the case. Former Victorian detective Gordon Davie spent three years speaking to O'Neill to win his confidence before filming him for The Fishermen . Davie said that although there
1652-454: A pattern for Cornish pasties in quite another part of the country. Cornish pasties are very popular with the working classes in this neighbourhood, and have lately been successfully introduced into some parts of Devonshire. They are made of small pieces of beef, and thin slices of potato, highly peppered, and enclosed in wrappers of paste. By the late 19th century, national cookery schools began to teach their pupils to create their own version of
1770-448: A pie, filled with venison , salmon or other meat, vegetables or cheese, baked without a dish. Pasties have been mentioned in cookbooks throughout the ages. For example, the earliest version of Le Viandier (Old French) has been dated to c. 1300 and contains several pasty recipes. In 1393, Le Menagier de Paris contains recipes for pasté with venison, veal , beef, or mutton . Other early references to pasties include
1888-417: A playmate and took no further notice until after the disappearance. A shopkeeper at nearby Wenzel's Bakery, on Moseley Street, reported that Jane had bought pasties and a meat pie with a £1 note. Police viewed this as further evidence that the Beaumont children had been with another person, for two reasons: the shopkeeper knew the children well from previous visits and reported that they had never purchased
2006-435: A police shed and a three-story kiosk with tea rooms . The kiosk structure also housed a family. The jetty kiosk was wrecked in a storm in 1943, and the jetty was severely damaged by a freak cyclone in 1948. Most of the structure washed away and the remaining structure was deemed unsafe. Just two weeks later, the local council began drafting plans for a new jetty and construction was completed in 1969. The new structure
2124-419: A possible burial site for the children. They were devastated in 1990 when newspapers published computer-generated photographs of how the children would have looked as adults. The pictures, published against their wishes, caused a huge wave of public sympathy from a community which was still sensitive to their pain. The couple later divorced and lived separately, having resolved to live their final years away from
2242-401: A postman, knew the children well, and his statement was regarded as reliable. He said the children were "holding hands and laughing" in the main street. Police could not determine why the reliable children, already one hour late, were strolling alone and seemingly unconcerned. The postman contacted police two days after his initial statement and said that he thought he saw them in the morning, not
2360-434: A relatively pleasant existence and referred to "The Man" who was keeping them. Police believed at the time that the letters could quite likely have been authentic after comparing them with others written by Jane. The letter from "The Man" said that he had appointed himself "guardian" of the children and was willing to hand them back to their parents. In the letter a meeting place was nominated. The Beaumont parents, followed by
2478-430: A shovel over a candle. Side-crimped pasties gave rise to the suggestion that the miner might have eaten the pasty holding the thick edge of pastry, which was later discarded, thereby ensuring that dirty fingers (possibly including traces of arsenic ) did not touch the food or mouth. However, many old photographs show that pasties were wrapped in bags made of paper or muslin and were eaten from end to end; according to
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#17330858772242596-420: A small part of the pasty within the mine for them to eat. Sailors and fisherman would likewise discard a crust to appease the spirits of dead mariners, though fishermen believed that it was bad luck to take a pasty aboard ship. A Cornish proverb, recounted in 1861, emphasised the great variety of ingredients that were used in pasties by saying that the devil would not come into Cornwall for fear of ending up as
2714-450: A spoonful of clotted cream . Whilst the PGI rules state that a Cornish pasty must be a "D" shape, with crimping along the curve (i.e., side-crimped), crimping is variable within both Devon and Cornwall, with some advocating a side crimp while others maintain that a top crimp is more authentic. Some sources state that the difference between a Devon and a Cornish pasty is that a Devon pasty has
2832-401: A spot at a warehouse near the children's home in which he believed their bodies had been buried, inside the remains of an old brick kiln . The property owners, who were reluctant to excavate based only on a psychic's claim, soon bowed to public pressure after publicity helped raise A$ 40,000 to have the building demolished. No remains, nor any evidence tied to any members of the Beaumont family,
2950-400: A suburb of Adelaide . They lived not far from Glenelg Beach , a popular spot that the children often visited. On 25 January 1966, in the midst of a summer heatwave, Jim dropped the children off at Glenelg Beach before heading off on a three-day sales trip to Snowtown . On the morning of 26 January ( Australia Day ), the Beaumont children asked their mother to visit Glenelg Beach again. As it
3068-707: A top-crimp and is oval in shape, whereas the Cornish pasty is semicircular and side-crimped along the curve. However, pasties with a top crimp have been made in Cornwall for generations, yet those Cornish bakers who favour this method now find that they cannot legally call their pasties "Cornish". Paul Hollywood , writing for BBC Food , stated that a traditional Cornish pasty should have about 20 crimps. Migrating Devonian and Cornish miners and their families (colloquially known as Cousin Jacks and Cousin Jennies) helped to spread pasties into
3186-489: A widely popular attraction of the Glenelg area, appealing to both adults and children. A 25-metre single-arm Ferris wheel was a prominent feature of the area until its closure. South Australia's second largest wastewater treatment plants is located in Glenelg. It was first established in 1933, and was upgraded in 1945, 1962, 1973 and most recently in 2002. A pipeline pumps 2.8 gigalitres of treated wastewater to Adelaide where it
3304-570: Is a British baked pastry , a variety of which is particularly associated with Cornwall , but has spread all over the British Isles , and elsewhere through the Cornish diaspora . It consists of a filling, typically meat and vegetables, baked in a folded and crimped shortcrust pastry circle. The traditional Cornish pasty, which since 2011 has had Protected Geographical Indication (PGI) status in Europe,
3422-417: Is a common practice among those cottagers who bake at home of making little pasties for the dinners of those who may be working at a distance in the fields. They will last the whole week, and are made of any kind of meat or fruit, rolled up in a paste made of flour and suet or lard. A couple of ounces of bacon and half a-pound of raw potatoes, both thinly sliced and slightly seasoned, will be found sufficient for
3540-807: Is an annual celebration of the Epiphany for the Orthodox faithful of Adelaide , accompanied by the Greek festival of the Theophany . A shark museum owned and operated by conservationist and shark attack survivor Rodney Fox once operated in Glenelg. Many of its former exhibits were leased to the South Australian Whale Centre, Victor Harbor , in 2008. Glenelg is home to a team in the South Australian National Football League (SANFL),
3658-525: Is filled with beef , sliced or diced potato, swede (also known as yellow turnip or rutabaga – referred to in Cornwall and other parts of the West Country as turnip ) and onion, seasoned with salt and pepper, and baked . Today, the pasty is the food most associated with Cornwall. It is a traditional dish and accounts for 6% of the Cornish food economy. Pasties with many different fillings are made, and some shops specialise in selling pasties. The origins of
Disappearance of the Beaumont children - Misplaced Pages Continue
3776-444: Is generally skirt steak . Swede is sometimes called turnip in Cornwall, but the recipe requires use of actual swede, not turnip. Pasty ingredients are usually seasoned with salt and pepper, depending on individual taste. The use of carrot in a traditional Cornish pasty is frowned upon, though it does appear regularly in recipes. The type of pastry used is not defined, as long as it is golden in colour and will not crack during
3894-600: Is now the Glenelg Town Hall, started in December 1875. The institute opened in 1877, with lecture rooms, a concert hall and a library. The classical structure was designed by Edmund Wright , whose works include the Adelaide Town Hall and Adelaide General Post Office on King William Street . The hall sits on Moseley Square, just off the beach. The Holdfast Bay city council acquired the hall in 1887. Today it houses
4012-504: Is skewed upwards more so than that of the Australian population. 26.4% of persons were 65 years or older in 2001, compared to the Australian average of 12.6%. 20.4% of persons were younger than 25 years, compared to the Australian average of 34.5%. The suburb is bordered by Anzac Highway , (the road link to the Adelaide city centre ), to the north, Brighton Road to the west and Pier Street to
4130-593: Is the oldest European settlement on mainland South Australia . It was named after Lord Glenelg , a member of British Cabinet and Secretary of State for War and the Colonies . Through Lord Glenelg the name derives from Glenelg, Highland , Scotland . Prior to the 1836 British colonisation of South Australia , Glenelg and the rest of the Adelaide Plains was home to the Kaurna group of Aboriginal Australians . They knew
4248-464: Is used to irrigate green spaces, such as parks and ovals. The facility also conducts tours for school groups and visitors to learn about water supply and treatment. The plant also returns treated wastewater to the ocean. The most significant pollutants discharged to the sea (by mass) in 2018/19 were: nitrogen (180 tonnes), phosphorus (78 tonnes), chlorine (32 tonnes), ammonia (14 tonnes), fluoride (14 tonnes) and zinc (1 tonne). Atlantic Tower
4366-558: The Adelaide Entertainment Centre . The route dates back to 1873. The wide beach is popular with visitors and locals alike, and tourists to Adelaide often visit Glenelg. To the north is the mouth of the Patawalonga River , which has been dammed to create an artificial lake which is used as a boat harbour, with a lock down to the sea. This is a popular spot for recreational boating . A replica of HMS Buffalo
4484-656: The Glenelg Tigers , and the Glenelg Seahorses in the South Australian Grade Cricket League In late 2020, The Nature Conservancy used a large barge to scatter several hundred tonnes of stone across the sea floor about 1 km (0.62 mi) offshore, to create 2 ha (4.9 acres) of substrate for a new oyster reef for the native angasi oyster , which had been nearly eliminated in Australian waters by over-harvesting and dredging during
4602-667: The South Australian House of Assembly . It was previously in the seat of Glenelg . The current sitting member is Stephen Patterson of the Liberal Party of Australia , who has held the seat since 2018. Federally, Glenelg is in the Division of Boothby and has been held by Louise Miller-Frost of the Australian Labor Party since the 2022 election. Pasty A pasty ( / ˈ p æ s t i / ) or Cornish pasty
4720-400: The bal maidens at the mines would supposedly shout down the shaft "Oggy Oggy Oggy" and the miners would reply "Oi Oi Oi". As the 'national dish' of Cornwall, several oversized versions of the pasty have been created in the county. For example, a giant pasty is paraded from Polruan to Fowey through the streets during regatta week. Similarly, a giant pasty is paraded around the ground of
4838-469: The 19th and early 20th centuries. Oyster reefs and seagrass beds help to protect coastlines from the effects of storm events and climate change , as well as offering the benefits of greater biodiversity , which helps to protect fish stocks, and protection from extremes of temperatures, which can threaten vulnerable species . Since 1985 Glenelg has been located in the Electoral district of Morphett for
Disappearance of the Beaumont children - Misplaced Pages Continue
4956-408: The Beaumont case and were regarded with scepticism. As of 2014, von Einem had not been ruled out as a suspect. Mr B's reference to alleged surgical experimentation corresponded to the coroner 's reports on several of von Einem's alleged murder victims. However, while von Einem was known to have frequented Glenelg Beach to "perv" on the changing rooms, and was described as preoccupied with children, he
5074-568: The Beaumont case, von Einem matches descriptions of the main suspect in the Oval case. According to Adelaide police detective Bob O'Brien, Mr B had given important information during the investigation into the Kelvin murder and was regarded as a generally reliable source. However, police reception of the alleged confession was mixed. There were enough plausible details to warrant further research, yet other details relayed by Mr B did not fit with known facts about
5192-618: The Beaumont case. Alan Maxwell McIntyre (died 2017)—who had himself been investigated by police and cleared of involvement in the Beaumont case—gave a secondhand account to the Adelaide Advertiser that a man he had known in 1966, who by 2015 was being sought in Southeast Asia in connection with child abuse incidents there, had come to his home with the children's bodies in the boot of his car. McIntyre's children said that they and their father initially mistook Arnna's body for that of
5310-448: The Beaumont case. The Beaumont case resulted in one of the largest police investigations in Australian history and remains one of Australia's most infamous cold cases, even after many decades. In January 2018, the Premier of South Australia , Jay Weatherill , said that South Australia Police had "never given up on the case" and that they "have a policy that no murder investigation ends up in
5428-492: The Beaumont disappearance and the Adelaide Oval abductions remain officially open and, in 1989, von Einem was identified as a suspect in a confidential police report. In August 2007, it was reported that police were examining archival footage from the original Beaumont search, shot by Channel Seven , that shows a young man resembling von Einem among onlookers. The report said that police were calling for information to establish
5546-407: The Glenelg jetty to Kangaroo Island by steamer. Various additions to the jetty were made, none of which stand today. A lighthouse was built in 1872 at the jetty's end, but a year later it caught fire and was cast into the sea to save the rest of the structure. A replacement lighthouse was built in 1874, and was 12.1 metres (40 ft) tall. Other additions included public baths , an aquarium ,
5664-498: The Government seeking damages of £80,000. By 1919, the project had become an embarrassment and an "eye sore" without providing a safe harbour as originally intended. Today, the structures are heavily eroded and are colonised with marine life. The site is an artificial reef known to divers and snorkelers as "The Blocks" or "The Glenelg Blocks". Glenelg has been a popular spot for recreation and leisure for much of its history. Following
5782-512: The PGI status, a Cornish pasty should be shaped like a 'D' and crimped on one side, not on the top. Its ingredients should include beef, swede (called turnip in Cornwall), potato and onion, with a light seasoning of salt and pepper, keeping a chunky texture. The pastry should be golden and retain its shape when cooked and cooled. The PGI status also means that Cornish pasties must be prepared in Cornwall. They do not have to be baked in Cornwall, nor do
5900-570: The Pier Hotel, opened Christmas Day 1856, all the work of Henry J. Moseley , for whom Moseley Street and Moseley Square were named. No trace of the original structures remains. The Corporate Town of Glenelg was proclaimed in 1855, separating local governance of the township of Glenelg from that of the West Torrens and Brighton district councils. Construction of the Glenelg Institute, which
6018-675: The Platinum Apartment building scaled down from fifteen stories to nine, and the cinema complex cancelled. The 2016 Census by the Australian Bureau of Statistics counted 3,349 persons in Glenelg on the night of the census. The majority of residents are of Northern European descent, and almost two-thirds of residents are at least second generation Australian. Glenelg is a predominantly Christian community, with common affiliations, in descending order, Catholic , Anglican , no religion and Uniting . The age distribution of Glenelg residents
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#17330858772246136-523: The Southern mud oyster) off Glenelg. Oysters were of huge importance as a food source for Indigenous Australians at many locations around Australia, but the extensive reefs were decimated after colonisation; it is estimated that in South Australia alone, at least 1,500 kilometres (930 mi) of coastal reefs were destroyed by the 21st century. Oyster fishing was practised by the early settlers, and much of
6254-637: The Town of Glenelg was remarkable: the right to purchase, at £1 per " town acre ", was allocated by means of a ballot held in February 1839. The "winner" was a syndicate of six led by William Finke , with Osmond Gilles , his nephew John Jackson Oakden and H. R. Wigley (father of W. R. Wigley ) notable members. Among the town's earliest public buildings were the Independent (Congregational) church, opened 7 March 1848, St Peter's (Anglican) church, opened 28 March 1852 and
6372-686: The World say what it can Still I hold by the Cornishman, And that one most especially That first found out the Cornish Pastie. Pasties have been mentioned in multiple literary works since the 12th century Arthurian romance Erec and Enide , written by Chrétien de Troyes , in which they are eaten by characters from the area now known as Cornwall. There is a mention in Havelok the Dane , another romance written at
6490-422: The afternoon as he had previously said. Several months later, a woman reported that on the night of the disappearance, a man, accompanied by two girls and a boy, entered a neighbouring house that she had believed empty. Later, the woman said she had seen the boy walking alone along a lane where he was pursued and roughly caught by the man. The next morning the house appeared to be deserted again, and she saw neither
6608-473: The airport, rail lines and interstate roads being monitored as well, based on a fear of accident or kidnap . Within twenty-four hours, the entire nation was aware of the case. Within three days, on 29 January, the Adelaide Sunday Mail led with a headline of "Sex crime now feared", highlighting the rapidly evolving fear that the children had been abducted and murdered by a sex offender . Despite this,
6726-531: The area as "Pattawilya" and the local river as "Pattawilyangga", now named the Patawalonga River . Evidence has shown that at least two smallpox epidemics had killed the majority of the Kaurna population prior to 1836. The disease appeared to have come down the Murray River from New South Wales . Prior to European settlement there were huge oyster reefs of Australian flat oysters ( Ostrea angasi , also known as
6844-425: The author was identified as a 41-year-old man who had been a teenager at the time and had written the letters as a joke. Because of the time that had elapsed, he was not charged with any offence. In November 2013, excavation was initiated in the back of a North Plympton factory that had previously belonged to Harry Phipps, a possible suspect in the Beaumont case. Further excavation at a slightly different location on
6962-478: The case found several witnesses who had seen the Beaumont children in Colley Reserve, near Glenelg Beach, in the company of a tall man with fair to light brown hair and a thin face, and in his mid-thirties. The man had a sun-tanned complexion and a thin-to-athletic build, and was wearing swim trunks. The children were playing with him, and appeared to be relaxed and enjoying themselves. The man also approached one of
7080-513: The case has continued more than half a century on. As of 2018, a $ 1 million reward has been offered for information related to the cold case by the South Australian government . Jane, Arnna and Grant Beaumont lived with their parents, Grant "Jim" Beaumont, a former serviceman and taxi driver, and Nancy Beaumont ( née Ellis); the couple had married in December 1955. The family resided at 109 Harding Street, Somerton Park, South Australia ,
7198-592: The case has never been explained has led to the story being continually revisited by the media, and by newer online sites, more than fifty years after the children's disappearance. Some examples include: Glenelg, South Australia Glenelg is a beach-side suburb of the South Australian capital of Adelaide . Located on the shore of Holdfast Bay in Gulf St Vincent , it has become a tourist destination due to its beach and many attractions, home to several hotels and dozens of restaurants. Established in 1836, it
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#17330858772247316-481: The children had supposedly died during the procedure, and so he had killed the other two and dumped the bodies in bushland south of Adelaide. Police had not previously considered von Einem in connection with the Beaumont case, but he resembled descriptions and identikits of the unidentified suspect from 1966. Mr B also claimed that von Einem had implicated himself in the Adelaide Oval abductions from 1973; like with
7434-517: The children in his father's yard on 26 January. Two other persons, youths at the time, said that they had been paid by Phipps to dig a 2 × 1 × 2-metre hole in his factory yard that weekend, for unstated reasons. In November 2013, a one-metre-squared section of a factory in North Plympton, which had been owned by Phipps, was excavated. A ground-penetrating radar found "one small anomaly, which can indicate movement or objects within
7552-410: The children nor their suspected companion were located. The case received worldwide attention and is credited with causing a change in Australian lifestyles, since parents began to believe that their children could no longer be presumed to be safe when unsupervised in public. In recent years, police and media speculation has linked the disappearances to the Adelaide Oval abductions of 1973. Interest in
7670-525: The children should not have been allowed to travel unsupervised, or that their parents were in any way negligent, simply because contemporary Australian society took it for granted that this was safe and acceptable. However, this case, alongside similar child-related crimes such as the 1960 Graeme Thorne kidnapping and the 1965 Wanda Beach murders "marked an end of innocence in [post-war] Australian life". The regular and widespread attention given to this case, its significance in Australian criminal history and
7788-502: The children would return, and stated in interviews that it would be "dreadful" if the children returned home and did not find their parents waiting for them. Over the years, as new leads and new theories emerged, the Beaumonts co-operated fully in exploring every possibility, whether it was claims that the children had been abducted by a religious cult and were living variously in New Zealand, Melbourne or Tasmania, or some clue that suggested
7906-430: The children, he returned and together both parents searched the streets and visited friends' houses. Around 5:30 pm, they went to Glenelg police station to report the disappearance. Police quickly organised a search of Glenelg Beach and adjacent areas, based on the assumption that the Beaumont children were nearby and had simply lost track of time. The search then expanded to the sand-hills, ocean and nearby buildings, with
8024-456: The children. It is also unknown whether Percy would have had access to a car at that time, while the unidentified suspect is presumed by commentators to have had access to one for facilitating a quick getaway and also for disposing of the children's bodies later. Percy was imprisoned from 1969 until his death in 2013, which means that he could not have been the suspect in the Adelaide Oval abductions, whom many investigators believe to be connected to
8142-415: The city shortly before the Oval abduction on 25 August 1973. However, no evidence has ever been found to connect Brown with Adelaide in 1966. Brown was aged 53 at the time of the Beaumont disappearance, which does not match the description of the suspect seen with the children, who was reported as being in his thirties. James O'Neill (born 1947), who was sentenced to life imprisonment for the 1975 murder of
8260-457: The cooking or cooling, although modern pasties almost always use a shortcrust pastry. There is a humorous belief that the pastry on a good pasty should be strong enough to withstand a drop down a mine shaft, and indeed the barley flour that was usually used does make hard dense pastry. Although the officially protected Cornish pasty has a specific ingredients list, old Cornish cookery books show that pasties were generally made from whatever food
8378-426: The damage was caused by using dredging to collect the oysters, which led to the reefs being damaged. The first British settlers set sail for South Australia in 1836. Several locations for the settlement were considered, including Kangaroo Island , Port Lincoln and Encounter Bay . The Adelaide plains were chosen by Colonel William Light , and Governor John Hindmarsh proclaimed the province of South Australia at
8496-410: The day of their disappearance, several witnesses had seen the three children on and near Glenelg Beach in the company of a tall man with fairish to light-brown hair and a thin face with a sun-tanned complexion and medium build, aged in his mid-thirties. Confirmed sightings of the children occurred at the Colley Reserve and at Wenzel's cake shop on Moseley Street, Glenelg. Despite numerous searches, neither
8614-438: The earliest Cornish recipe book, published in 1929, this is "the true Cornish way" to eat a pasty. Another theory suggests that pasties were marked at one end with an initial and then eaten from the other end so that if not finished in one sitting, they could easily be reclaimed by their owners. The pasty is regarded as the national dish of Cornwall, and an early reference is from a New Zealand newspaper: In Cornwall, there
8732-416: The eldest Jane, as shy. For them to be playing so confidently with a stranger seemed out of character. Investigators theorised that the children had perhaps met the man during a previous visit or visits and had grown to trust him. A chance remark at home, which seemed insignificant at the time, supports this theory: Arnna had told her mother that Jane had "got a boyfriend down the beach". Nancy thought she meant
8850-473: The end of the thirteenth century; in the 14th century Robin Hood tales; and in two plays by William Shakespeare . In the tin mines of Devon and Cornwall, pasties were associated with " knockers ", spirits said to create a knocking sound that was either supposed to indicate the location of rich veins of ore, or to warn of an impending tunnel collapse. To encourage the good will of the knockers, miners would leave
8968-480: The fact that the mystery of their disappearance has never been explained have led to the story being continually revisited by the media. New leads and clues are regularly reported by the media, and the case still regularly headlines print and broadcast media more than half a century on. At the time of the investigation, the Beaumont parents received widespread sympathy from the Australian public. They remained at their Somerton Park home; Nancy in particular held hope that
9086-654: The food economy of Cornwall). In 2011, over 1,800 permanent staff were employed by members of the CPA and some 13,000 other jobs benefited from the trade. Surveys by the South West tourism board have shown that one of the top three reasons people visit Cornwall is the food and that the Cornish pasty is the food most associated with Cornwall. The recipe for a Cornish pasty, as defined by its protected status, includes diced or minced beef, onion, potato and swede in rough chunks along with some "light peppery" seasoning . The cut of beef used
9204-420: The ingredients have to come from the county, though the CPA notes that there are strong links between pasty production and local suppliers of the ingredients. Packaging for pasties that conform to the requirements includes an authentication stamp, the use of which is policed by the CPA. Producers outside Cornwall objected to the PGI award, with one saying "[EU bureaucrats could] go to hell", and another that it
9322-409: The initial official reward was only A£ 250. The Patawalonga Boat Haven was drained on 29 January after a woman told police that she had spoken with three children, who were similar in description to the Beaumont children, near the haven at 7:00 pm on the day of the disappearance. Police cadets and members of the emergency operations group searched the area, but nothing was found. Police investigating
9440-425: The investigation into von Einem, police heard from an informant identified only as "Mr B". He related an alleged conversation in which von Einem boasted of having taken three children from a beach several years earlier, and said he had taken them home to conduct "experiments". According to Mr B's account, von Einem claimed to have performed "brilliant surgery" on each of the children and had "connected them up". One of
9558-402: The jury. He was never retried as he was found to have dementia and Alzheimer's disease . Brown died in 2002. Similar to von Einem, Brown bore a striking similarity to descriptions and identikits of the suspect for both the Beaumont and Oval cases. A search for a connection to the Beaumont children was unsuccessful as no employment records existed that could shed light on Brown's movements at
9676-570: The late 1990s, included the construction of the Marina Pier apartment building with its own private marina in Glenelg North , and the Pier Hotel, founded 2001, and unrelated to the historic Pier Hotel on Moseley Square. The development was met with strong opposition, from both local residents and the City of Holdfast Bay, fearing overdevelopment would ruin the area. Parts of the plan were scaled back, with
9794-533: The man nor the children again. Police could not establish why she had failed to provide this information earlier. Other reported sightings of the children continued for about a year after their disappearance. The Beaumont case attracted international attention. On 8 November 1966, Gerard Croiset , a Dutch psychic , was brought to Australia to assist in the search, which caused a furor in the press. Unsurprisingly, Croiset's efforts proved unsuccessful, with his story changing day-to-day and offering no clues. He identified
9912-399: The man seen talking to the Beaumont children at Glenelg Beach. He was wealthy and known to be in the habit of giving out £1 notes, was later alleged to have been a paedophile and lived only 300 metres away from the beach on the corner of Augusta Street and Sussex Street. Haydn, who was aged 15 at the time of the disappearance, came forward to researchers in 2007 with the claim that he had seen
10030-463: The man's identity. Arthur Stanley Brown (1912–2002) was charged in 1998 with the murders of sisters Judith and Susan Mackay in Townsville , Queensland. They had disappeared on their way to school on 26 August 1970 and were found strangled several days later in a dry creek bed. Brown's trial, scheduled for July 2000, was delayed after his lawyer applied for a section 613 verdict (unfit to be tried) from
10148-473: The meal. The pasty can be carried in the man's pocket. The term "Cornish pasty" has been in use since at least the early 1860s: The Cornish pasty, which so admirably comprises a dinner in itself—meat, potatoes, and other good things well cooked and made up into so portable a form—was a subject of much admiration, and reminded me of the old coaching days, when I secured a pasty at Bodmin in order to take it home to my cook, that it might be dissected and serve as
10266-544: The monks of St Albans Abbey "according to their custom, lived upon pasties of flesh-meat". In 1465, 5,500 venison pasties were served at the installation feast of George Neville , archbishop of York and chancellor of England. The earliest reference for a pasty in Devon or Cornwall can be found in Plymouth city records of 1509/10, which describe "Itm for the cooke is labor to make the pasties 10d". They were even eaten by royalty, as
10384-513: The oft-quoted joke that 'the Devil hisself was afeared to cross over into Cornwall for fear that ee'd end up in a pasty'. A pasty is known as a "tiddy oggy" when steak is replaced with an extra potato, "tiddy" meaning potato and "oggy" meaning pasty and was eaten when times were hard and expensive meat could not be afforded. Another traditional meatless recipe is 'herby pie' with parsley, freshly gathered wild green herbs and chives, ramsons or leeks and
10502-404: The opal industry at the time required that he frequently visit Coober Pedy , which would have required him to pass through the city. Davie also suspected O'Neill was involved in the Oval case. The South Australia Police have interviewed O'Neill and discounted him as a suspect in the Beaumont case. Derek Percy (1948–2013), a convicted child murderer and Victoria's then-longest-serving prisoner,
10620-602: The pasty are unclear, though there are many references to them throughout historical documents and fiction. The pasty is now popular worldwide because of the spread of Cornish miners and sailors from across Cornwall, and variations can be found in Australia, Mexico, the United States, Ulster and elsewhere. Despite the modern pasty's strong association with Cornwall, its origins are unclear. The English word "pasty" derives from Medieval French (O.Fr. paste from V.Lat pasta ) for
10738-453: The pasty, as well as sweet pasties with ingredients such as apple and fig or chocolate and banana, which are common in some areas of Cornwall. A part-savoury, part-sweet pasty (similar to the Bedfordshire clanger ) was eaten by miners in the 19th century, in the copper mines on Parys Mountain , Anglesey . The technician who did the research and discovered the recipe claimed that the recipe
10856-401: The protection of yachts and the local fishing fleet. Parliamentary approval was granted in 1905. In 1909 and 1910, work was dogged by losses of machinery to rough seas and concrete piles that shattered when driven. Pile-driving for seabed study had some success in 1913. By mid-1916 the project remained incomplete and its future was uncertain. In 1918, the contractors took legal action against
10974-655: The public attention that followed them for decades. They sold their Somerton Park home and the South Australian Police remained informed of the couple's new addresses, as the case remains open. The Beaumonts were reported to have accepted that the truth of their children's disappearances may never be discovered. Nancy died in an Adelaide nursing home on 16 September 2019, aged 92. Grant died, also in Adelaide, on 9 April 2023, aged 97. The case attracted widespread police and media attention in Australia and beyond. The fact that
11092-435: The reasons for the closure were the inability to make money from the park as it was, and opposition to changes from Council and residents, who were afraid that "undesirables" would be attracted to the area. Built near the former Luna Park site was Magic Mountain , which first opened in 1982. It featured water slides, mini-golf, bumper boats, dodgem cars and many other amusements and was popular with many Adelaide residents. It
11210-545: The rest of the world during the 19th century. As tin mining in Devon and Cornwall began to decline, miners took their expertise and traditions to new mining regions around the world. As a result, pasties can be found in many regions, including: When I view my Country o'er: Of goodly things the plenteous store: The Sea and Fish that swim therein And underground the Copper and Tin: Let all
11328-517: The site of The Old Gum Tree in Glenelg North on 28 December 1836. The first post office in Glenelg opened on 5 December 1849; the first postmaster was John McDonald of the St Leonard's Inn. A telegraph office was opened in September 1859 and the two offices amalgamated in 1868. The present post office building on Moseley Square was built in 1912. The sale of the surveyed lots that constitute
11446-455: The site was undertaken in February 2018, but nothing relevant was found. The excavations were based on two men who had reported that, as boys, they had been paid by Phipps to dig a hole in that area at around the time of the disappearance, and also based on geophysical testing which had identified anomalous disturbed soil. The 2018 search yielded animal bones, but no evidence in relation to the Beaumont children. Bevan Spencer von Einem (born 1946)
11564-416: The soil", but the dig found no additional evidence and investigations into the site were closed. On 22 January 2018, Adelaide detectives announced that they would return to the factory site and conduct further excavations, after a private investigation sponsored by Channel Seven in Adelaide . The excavation, on 2 February 2018, took nine hours. Animal bones and general rubbish were found, but nothing related to
11682-476: The south. Jetty Road is the main shopping strip in the suburb, and runs down the middle. Adelaide Metro operates several bus services from Glenelg to various destinations including the central business district and Adelaide Airport . The local council operates a free loop bus service in the area. Glenelg is the terminus of the Glenelg tram line , which runs from Moseley Square , along Jetty Road though Glenelg, to
11800-401: The success of Luna Park, Melbourne , a similar amusement park was constructed on Glenelg's foreshore in 1930. Luna Park Glenelg was placed in voluntary liquidation in 1934, and all the rides (excluding a single carousel ) were disassembled, purchased by the directors, and transported to Sydney , where they were used in the construction of Luna Park Sydney . The park's managers claimed that
11918-489: The time. Some of the records were believed lost in the 1974 Brisbane flood . It is also possible that Brown, who had unrestricted access to government buildings, may have destroyed his own files. Although there is no proof that he had ever visited Adelaide, a witness recalled having a conversation with Brown in which he mentioned having seen the Adelaide Festival Centre nearing completion, which would place him in
12036-406: The wealthy, during the 17th and 18th centuries, the pasty became popular with working people in Cornwall and west Devon, where tin miners and others adopted it because of its unique shape, forming a complete meal that could be carried easily and eaten without cutlery. In a mine, the pasty's dense, folded pastry could stay warm for several hours, and if it did get cold, it could easily be warmed on
12154-535: The witnesses, asking if anyone had been near the children's belongings as their money was "missing". The man then went off to change while the children waited for him. The group were then seen walking away together from the beach sometime later, which the police estimated to be around 12:15 pm. About two-and-a-half hours later another witness, Miss Daphne Gregory, sighted the children with the man, who she observed carrying an airline bag similar to one owned by Jane. The Beaumont parents described their children, particularly
12272-529: Was "protectionism for some big pasty companies to churn out a pastiche of the real iconic product". Major UK supermarkets Asda and Morrisons both stated they would be affected by the change, as did nationwide bakery chain Greggs , though Greggs was one of seven companies allowed to continue to use the name "Cornish pasty" during a three-year transitional period. Members of the CPA made about 87 million pasties in 2008, amounting to sales of £60 million (about 6% of
12390-524: Was also extensively criticised, called an eyesore and likened to a "giant dog dropping" in the media; despite this it was very popular with young children and teenagers. As part of the Holdfast Shores development, Magic Mountain was finally demolished in 2004 and replaced with The Beachouse , a 5-storey modern centre with a more conservative design which still incorporates the historic carousel; it opened in mid-2006. Since its opening, The Beachouse has been
12508-399: Was always outside Plymouth's Devonport Naval Dockyard gates late at night when the sailors were returning, and his replacement by hot dog sellers after World War II. The word "oggy" in the internationally popular chant " Oggy Oggy Oggy, Oi Oi Oi " is thought to stem from Cornish dialect " hoggan ", deriving from "hogen" the Cornish word for pasty. When the pasties were ready for eating,
12626-410: Was available. Indeed, the earliest recorded pasty recipes include venison, not beef. "Pasty" has always been a generic name for the shape and can contain a variety of fillings, including stilton , vegetarian and even chicken tikka . Pork and apple pasties are readily available in shops throughout Cornwall and Devon, with the ingredients including an apple flavoured sauce, mixed together throughout
12744-463: Was built in the late 1970s and was Adelaide's tallest residential building at the time. The fourteen-story tower featured a revolving restaurant on its top floor, and was part of a larger development plan that never eventuated. Many other high-rise buildings exist in Glenelg, including the fifteen-story Stamford Grand hotel on Moseley Square , built in 1990, and the twelve-story Liberty Towers, built in 2004. The Holdfast Shores development, starting in
12862-461: Was constructed in 1980 on the shore of the Patawalonga, with the appearance of being moored in the artificial lake , with a restaurant operating on it. It was demolished in 2019, after its popularity declined and it was no longer viable as a business. Jetty Road is a long ribbon of shops, entertainment facilities and other commercial activities and is the main shopping precinct in Glenelg. There
12980-459: Was found. In 1996, the building identified by Croiset was undergoing partial demolition and the owners allowed for a full search of the site. Once again, no trace was found of the children. About two years after the disappearance, the Beaumont parents received two letters: one was supposedly written by Jane, and another by a man who said he was keeping the children. The envelopes showed a postmark of Dandenong , Victoria . The brief notes described
13098-402: Was just 215 metres (705 ft) long, less than two-thirds of the length of the original jetty. The second jetty continues to stand today, at the end of Jetty Road . On 1 January 2016, two boys were drowned after falling into the water from rocks to north of the jetty. An ill-fated breakwater construction project was conceived in the early 1900s, intended to create an artificial harbour for
13216-494: Was no evidence to link O'Neill to the Beaumont case, he was persuaded that O'Neill was to blame. "I asked him about the Beaumonts and he said: 'I couldn't have done it. I was in Melbourne at that time.' That is not a denial." Later asked again if he had murdered the children, O'Neill replied, "Look, on legal advice I am not going to say where I was or when I was there." Although O'Neill claims never to have visited Adelaide, his work in
13334-703: Was probably taken to Anglesey by Cornish miners travelling to the area looking for work. No two-course pasties are commercially produced in Cornwall today, but are usually the product of amateur cooks. They are, however, commercially available in the British supermarket chain Morrisons (under the name 'Tin Miner Pasty'). Other traditional fillings have included a wide variety of locally available meats including pork, bacon, egg, rabbit, chicken, mackerel and sweet fillings such as dates, apples, jam and sweetened rice - leading to
13452-506: Was sentenced to life imprisonment in 1984 for murdering Richard Kelvin, the teenaged son of Adelaide newsreader Rob Kelvin . Police and prosecutors publicly stated that they believed von Einem had accomplices and was possibly involved in additional murders . About this time, police came to suspect his involvement in the Beaumont disappearance as well. No accomplices were ever charged. Von Einem has refused to co-operate with investigators about his possible connection with other murders. During
13570-497: Was suggested in a 2007 article in Melbourne's The Age newspaper as a suspect in the Beaumont case. The Age alleged that evidence gathered by cold case investigators pointed to Percy in a number of unsolved child murders, including the Beaumont case. His insanity plea in the 1969 murder of Yvonne Tuohy was at least partly based on his suffering a psychological condition that could prevent him remembering details of his actions. Percy
13688-407: Was supposed to have indicated that he believed he might have killed the Beaumont children, as he was in the area at the time, but he had no recollection of actually doing so. On 30 August 2007, Victoria Police successfully applied for permission to question Percy in relation to the Beaumont case. In 1966, Percy was aged 17 and therefore seems too young to have been the unidentified suspect seen with
13806-423: Was too hot to walk, they took a five-minute, three-kilometre bus journey from their home to the beach. The children caught the bus at 8:45 am and were expected to return home on the 12:00 noon bus. Nancy became worried, however, when the siblings did not return on either the 12:00 or 2:00 pm buses, and when Jim returned home early from his trip around 3:00 pm, he immediately drove to the crowded beach. Unable to locate
13924-430: Was younger than the unidentified suspect (who was reported to be in his mid- to late thirties, whereas von Einem was in his early twenties). The Beaumont children were also much younger than Richard Kelvin or the other young men von Einem is believed to have targeted, who were in their teens or twenties. Such disparities in the modus operandi of a serial killer are unusual, but not unheard of. Investigations into both
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