44-599: The Palace of Beaulieu ( / ˈ b juː l i / BEW -lee ) or Newhall is a former royal palace in Boreham , Essex , England, north-east of Chelmsford . The surviving part is a Grade I listed building. The property is currently occupied by New Hall School . The estate on which it was built – the manor of Walhfare in Boreham – was granted to the Canons of Waltham Abbey in 1062. After various changes of possession, it
88-498: A Roman road (now a modern trunk road, the A12 ), has a Norman church, and a public house (The Cock Inn) that dates from the 15th century. The surrounding countryside is slightly hilly and is used to grow crops such as wheat , sugar beet and peas . The Great Eastern Main Line from Chelmsford to Colchester runs past the village. In the 1970s a bypass was built along the northern edge of
132-419: A 16th-century timber-framed clockhouse. The Church Road Conservation Area has The Church, originally a small Saxon building, and several residential buildings. One mile to the northwest of the village is New Hall School , once a palace of Henry VIII known as The Palace of Beaulieu . The estate on which it was built – the manor of Walhfare in Boreham – was granted to the Canons of Waltham Abbey in 1062. After
176-475: A central courtyard. The palace was seized by Henry VIII with other church properties. The nearby parish church of St Etheldreda's in Old Hatfield once served the bishop's palace as well as the village. Henry VIII's children, King Edward VI and the future Queen Elizabeth I, spent their youth at Hatfield Palace. His eldest daughter, who later reigned as Queen Mary I , lived there between 1533 and 1536, when she
220-401: A keeper at Beaulieu when the palace was in the hands of the king. The royal inventory of 1547 noted 29 great beds, four bathing rooms with wooden floors and beds set in the wall, and a library with 37 titles. After Anne Boleyn was beheaded and Henry married Jane Seymour , he was convinced by his new wife to bring his daughters back to court. In 1537, when Queen Jane died after giving birth to
264-459: A leading example of the prodigy house , was built in 1611 by Robert Cecil, 1st Earl of Salisbury and Chief Minister to King James I . It is a prime example of Jacobean architecture. The estate includes extensive grounds and surviving parts of an earlier palace. Queen Elizabeth's Oak is said to be the place where Elizabeth I was informed she had become queen. The house is currently the home of Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 7th Marquess of Salisbury . It
308-507: A number of changes of possession, in 1491 it was granted by the Crown to the Earl of Ormond. By this time it had a house called New Hall. In 1517 New Hall was sold by Thomas Boleyn , the father of Queen Anne Boleyn , to Henry VIII of England. The king rebuilt the house in brick at a cost of £ 17,000. He gave his new palace the name Beaulieu , though the name change did not outlast the century. New Hall
352-561: A son, Edward , Mary, Henry's eldest daughter was made godmother to her half-brother Edward and acted as chief mourner at the Queen's funeral. Henry granted her a household and Mary was permitted to reside in royal palaces. Her privy purse expenses for nearly the whole of this period have been published and show that Hatfield Palace , the Palace of Beaulieu (also called Newhall), Richmond , and Hunsdon were among her principal places of residence. Some of
396-625: Is a village and civil parish in Essex , England. The parish is in the City of Chelmsford and Chelmsford Parliament constituency . The village is approximately 3.7 miles (6.0 km) northeast of the county town of Chelmsford . Boreham is listed in the Domesday Book of 1086 as Borham , thought to mean 'village on a hill'. King Henry VIII spent time at New Hall as did his daughter, Princess Mary . Local legend holds that highwayman Dick Turpin rode down
440-460: Is now remembered in the name of the nearby housing estate, Beaulieu Park, Boreham . In February 2009, Channel 4's Time Team visited and excavated the grounds of the former palace. The special programme was broadcast on 13 April 2009. In the excavations, the team uncovered the chapel, west wing and the gatehouse. 51°45′52″N 0°30′43″E / 51.7644°N 0.5119°E / 51.7644; 0.5119 Boreham Boreham
484-527: Is open to the public. An earlier building on the site was the Royal Palace of Hatfield. Only part of this still exists a short distance from the present house. That palace was the childhood home and favourite residence of Queen Elizabeth I . Built in 1497 by the Archbishop of Canterbury (formerly Bishop of Ely), King Henry VII 's minister, John Cardinal Morton , it comprised four wings in a square surrounding
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#1733094010397528-564: Is sure to come off'). During World War II, Hatfield House was the location of the first Civil Resettlement Unit and acted as headquarters for the scheme. CRUs were created to help repatriated British prisoners of war transition back to civilian life and the luxurious setting of Hatfield was considered very beneficial to these men. On 12 July 1945, the king and queen visited the CRU at Hatfield, which generated significant news coverage. The gardens, covering 42 acres (170,000 m ), date from
572-558: The Dukes of Norfolk and Suffolk , the Marquess of Exeter , the Earls of Oxford , Essex , and Rutland , and Viscount Fitzwalter . It was here that Henry devised a scheme to allow him to cohabit with his intended successor of Queen Catherine of Aragon , Anne Boleyn, by obtaining a Papal bull that declared Henry's marriage to Catherine invalid, effectively allowing him to commit bigamy by claiming he
616-572: The US Army Air Forces 394th Medium Bomb Group (flying B-26 Marauder bombers) and later the 315th Troop Carrier Group flying Dakotas . After the Second World War the three runways were adapted into a roughly triangular motor racing circuit Boreham Circuit , which held competitive meetings between 1949 and 1952. It was bought by Ford in 1955 for use as a development test track. Ford Motorsport moved to Boreham in 1963, and although some of
660-481: The " Rainbow Portrait " of Elizabeth. Elizabeth's successor, King James I , did not like the palace. It was included in the jointure estate of his wife Anne of Denmark . In 1607, King James gave it to his chief minister, Robert Cecil, 1st Earl of Salisbury , in exchange for Theobalds , which was the Cecils' family home on the current site of Cedars Park, Broxbourne . Cecil, who liked building, tore down three wings of
704-615: The A12 Boreham Interchange, at which is a service facility with a BP petrol station , a McDonald's restaurant, and a Premier Inn motel. On the opposite side of the A12 is another Premier Inn and The Grange public house. Hatfield Palace Hatfield House is a Grade I listed country house set in a large park, the Great Park, on the eastern side of the town of Hatfield , Hertfordshire , England. The present Jacobean house,
748-550: The Garden Connoisseur's Day, the house is open for guided tours and pre-booked specialist groups. There are five miles of marked trails. Hatfield House has been used for location filming on a number of film and television productions, including: Greystoke: The Legend of Tarzan, Lord of the Apes (1984); Orlando (1992); Batman (1989); Tomb Raider: Underworld , Lara Croft Tomb Raider: The Cradle of Life , Rise of
792-503: The Great Hall. Hatfield House is a popular tourist attraction because it has so many objects associated with Queen Elizabeth I, including gloves and a pair of silk stockings that are believed to have been the first in England. The library displays a 22-foot (6.7 m) long illuminated parchment roll showing the pedigree of the queen with ancestors back to Adam and Eve. The Marble Hall holds
836-523: The Henry Ford Institute of Agricultural Engineering, an agricultural college. The house also served as the temporary home for the National College of Agricultural Engineering in 1962. This moved to Silsoe , Bedfordshire as Silsoe College later joining with Cranfield University . The Silsoe campus closed at the end of 2007. In 1952 a Ham class minesweeper , HMS Boreham , was named after
880-703: The Olmius name; but, already owning the Carhampton estate including Painshill , he sold New Hall in 1798. The purchasers in 1798 were the English nuns of the Order of the Holy Sepulchre , who opened a Catholic school there the following year. New Hall School remains a school to this day. The Royal Arms of Henry VIII are in the school chapel. In 2006 a book, New Hall and its School , was published by Tony Tuckwell. The Beaulieu name
924-915: The Tomb Raider and Shadow of the Tomb Raider ; Charlie and the Chocolate Factory (2005); The New World (2005); Elizabeth: The Golden Age (2007); Hot Fuzz (2007); Shakespeare in Love (1998); Dustbin Baby ; Sherlock Holmes (2009); Agatha Christie's Marple (2010); Get Him to the Greek (2010); Antiques Roadshow (2010); MasterChef Australia (2010); Garden Secrets (2010); Royal Upstairs Downstairs (2011); My Week with Marilyn (2010); Paddington (2014); Mr. Holmes (2015); Doctor Thorne ; Pride and Prejudice and Zombies (2016); The Crown ; Breathe (2017); All
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#1733094010397968-518: The early 17th century and were laid out by John Tradescant the elder . Tradescant visited Europe and brought back trees and plants that had never previously been grown in England. The gardens included orchards, fountains, scented plants, water parterres, terraces, herb gardens and a foot maze. They were neglected in the 18th century, but restoration began in Victorian times and continues under the present Dowager Marchioness of Salisbury. During World War I,
1012-545: The feast and danced with the ladies. Catherine of Aragon removed their visors or masks, revealing them to be all men aged over fifty. Another group of six younger men, including four hostages for the French treaty , then came in costume to dance. On 23 July 1527 Henry's court arrived at Beaulieu on his summer progress, staying, unusually, for over a month in the company of a large number of nobles and their wives, including Anne Boleyn's father who had been created Viscount Rochford ,
1056-400: The furnishings at Newhall were taken away for Edward's lodgings and wardrobe. Henry VIII gave Newhall to Mary as a bequest in his will, and it was her home during the reign of her brother Edward VI . Queen Elizabeth I granted the estate in 1573 to Thomas Radclyffe, 3rd Earl of Sussex , who seems to have largely rebuilt the north wing. It is not known though whether he rebuilt other parts of
1100-585: The grounds of Hatfield House due to the long association of the Cecil family with Southern Rhodesia . Around its base is a roll of regimental members ('troopies') who fell in the Rhodesian Bush War and several inscriptions, including 'In reconciliation and hope for future peace in Zimbabwe'. The State Rooms can be seen in the midweek guided tours and visitors can look around in their own time at weekends. On Friday,
1144-506: The grounds were used to test the first British tanks. An area was dug with trenches and craters and covered with barbed-wire to represent no man's land and German trench lines on the Western Front . To commemorate this, the only surviving Mark I tank was sited at Hatfield from 1919 to 1970 before being moved to The Tank Museum , Bovington. The Rhodesian Light Infantry Regimental Association has placed its 'Troopie' memorial statue on
1188-503: The name change did not outlast the century. A royal wardrobe official, James Chapell, took measurements of the new apartments and travelled to Flanders to buy tapestries. He bought eleven different qualities of material, to cover an area of 3,238 Flemish ells (1,818 square yards). The chronicle writer Edward Hall describes a banquet and masque at "Newhall, otherwyse called Beaulieu" in September 1519. Eight disguised courtiers entered after
1232-479: The palace; a fire had occurred in Henry VIII's time and the palace could have been mostly rebuilt then. Soon after the north range was completed, Thomas installed Elizabeth's coat of arms above the main entrance which is still visible today. Elizabeth I came to New Hall in September 1579. She was greeted by a theatrical entertainment presenting Jupiter and a thunderstorm. The next day there was jousting. A sleeping knight
1276-526: The peerage as Baron Waltham in 1762, who demolished and rebuilt much of the former palace. The north wing was left largely untouched and forms the present house. John was succeeded in 1762 by his son Drigue who died childless in 1787, aged 40, when New Hall devolved on his sister, the Honourable Elizabeth. However, she died the same year and her husband John Luttrell , later the Earl of Carhampton , took on
1320-449: The route than now forms part of the A12 on his famous ride from London to York , although historians now believe the ride never occurred. In the 1930s Boreham House and its surrounding land of 3,000 acres (12 km ) was bought by car magnate Henry Ford . In addition to using the house as a school for training Ford tractor mechanics, the company's British chairman, Lord Perry , established Fordson Estates Limited there, and founded
1364-555: The royal palace (the back and sides of the square) in 1608 and used the bricks to build the present structure. The richly carved wooden Grand Staircase and the rare stained glass window in the private chapel are among the house's original Jacobean features. Cecil employed Robert Lemynge to supervise the construction, with input from the royal surveyor Simon Basil , and Inigo Jones who visited in October 1609. Cecil's descendant, Robert Arthur Talbot Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury ,
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1408-409: The track was removed for gravel quarrying in 1996 the remaining track surface continues to be used for testing. Essex Police Air Support Unit have been based at the airfield and in 1990 began using Boreham airfield as a control centre for its fleet of helicopters. From 1997 to 2010, Essex Air Ambulance was also based at the site; it is now based at Earls Colne airfield . To the west of Boreham lies
1452-430: The village, along the same route as the A12 and the nearby railway line. The parish includes the hamlet of Russell Green at the north. Boreham parish has a population of approximately 4,000 people, and covers about 3,840 acres (1,550 ha) of land. Boreham has two designated conservation areas , which include buildings of historic importance. The Roman Road/Plantation Road Conservation Area contains, among others,
1496-496: The village. Boreham remained relatively small until the mid-1970s when a programme of house and shop building increased its size significantly. Boreham contains one of England's few remaining independent family-run gunsmiths , which was established in 1795. In addition to being a village, Boreham is a civil parish which has a parish council The parish is bounded at its south by the River Chelmer . The village, which lies on
1540-425: Was brought in a chariot led by a maiden, and appeared to be revived by the Queen. Elizabeth was given a horse, a cloak, and a riding safeguard for hunting the next day. The 3rd Earl's will details his furnishings, mentioning rooms at New Hall including the royal presence chamber hanged with tapestry of the " Dance of Death ". Some of the tapestry was supplied by Horatio Palavicino . A crimson velvet "sparver" canopy
1584-488: Was embroidered with hands, dragons, and porcupines (recorded as "porpentines"). Another inventory notes tapestry with subjects including Alexander, Esther, and the Planets. Some tapestry remaining at Newhall in 1583 had been left by Mary I. In July 1622, Robert Radclyffe, 5th Earl of Sussex , sold the house to George Villiers, 1st Duke of Buckingham for £30,000. James VI and I and Prince Charles visited in September 1622. It
1628-549: Was executed in 1549 for numerous other crimes against the crown. After her two months of imprisonment in the Tower of London by her sister, Queen Mary , Elizabeth returned to Hatfield. The Queen Elizabeth Oak on the grounds of the estate is said to be the location where Elizabeth was told she was queen following Mary's death, but is considered unlikely as Mary died in November. In November 1558, Elizabeth held her first Council of State in
1672-471: Was granted by the Crown to Thomas Butler, 7th Earl of Ormond in 1491. By this time, it had a house called New Hall. In 1516, New Hall was sold by Thomas Boleyn , father of Anne Boleyn , to King Henry VIII for £1,000. The king rebuilt the house in brick at a cost of £17,000. He gave his new palace the name Beaulieu, meaning "beautiful place" in French . The name expressed Henry's desire for fine things, though
1716-558: Was later the estate of the Tyrell family and latterly the Hoare banking family. In 1727, Benjamin Hoare commissioned architect Henry Flitcroft to build a new home nearby known as Boreham House , a stately home ; the early Georgian mansion is now a Grade I listed building . A forest near the village was felled in 1943 to build a military airfield, and the three one-mile (1,600 m) runways of RAF Boreham opened in 1944. It hosted elements of
1760-531: Was said that Buckingham's improvements to the house were directed by Inigo Jones . Balthazar Gerbier and a carpenter made an architectural model for the house. Buckingham improved the gardens with the help of John Tradescant . During the English Civil War , Oliver Cromwell took possession of the estate for the sum of five shillings . After reverting to the 2nd Duke of Buckingham at the Restoration , it
1804-451: Was sent to wait on the then Princess Elizabeth as punishment for refusing to recognise Henry's marriage to Anne Boleyn and his religious reforms. In 1548, when she was only 15 years old, Elizabeth was under suspicion of having illegally agreed to marry Thomas Seymour . The house and her servants were seized by Edward VI's agent, Robert Tyrwhit, and she was interrogated there. She successfully defended her conduct with wit and defiance. Seymour
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1848-408: Was sold to George Monck, 1st Duke of Albemarle , and the court of King Charles II was frequently entertained there. Cosimo de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany , visited in 1669 and a member of his retinue produced a view of the house. A copy of this view was published in 1821. Benjamin Hoare acquired the property in 1713, but it was in a poor state when purchased in 1737 by John Olmius , elevated to
1892-459: Was technically unmarried in the first place. This plan was dropped when Cardinal Wolsey discovered the plan, though Pope Clement VII did, in fact, issue a bull to the same effect that December. In October 1533, the daughter of Queen Catherine, Mary , and her companion Margaret Douglas , who had been staying at Beaulieu for some time, were evicted. The king had recently granted the palace to George Boleyn (Anne Boleyn's brother). George had been
1936-455: Was three times prime minister during the closing years of Queen Victoria 's reign. The city of Salisbury, Rhodesia (now Harare, Zimbabwe) was founded in his time and named after him. He is also known for often putting members of his family into the government while prime minister. As his first name was Robert, this habit is sometimes said to have given rise to the popular expression ' Bob's your uncle ' (meaning roughly 'It's all right, everything
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