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50-484: A visually impaired person starts a live stream showing their view from their cellphone camera. They are assigned, through a phone call or chat, a random volunteer who speaks the same language and who is in the same time zone. This allows the volunteer to describe an object and assist the visually impaired person, such as guiding the person to move their camera, read instructions, or clean up a spill. Through speech synthesis, content can be read out loud. This process encourages

100-569: A Lifetime Achievement Award from Oxford University's Oxford Internet Institute. In February 2013, Zennström was awarded H. M. The King's Medal of 12th size with a bright blue ribbon for significant contributions to Swedish industry and society. In October 2013, the Royal Swedish Academy of Engineering Sciences, IVA, awarded Zennström the gold medal for his "highly successful entrepreneurial achievements, creative innovation, high technical competence and outstanding leadership". Zennström

150-676: A Skype-created codec called SILK , intended to be "lightweight and embeddable". Additionally, Skype has released Opus as a free codec, which integrates the SILK codec principles for voice transmission with the CELT codec principles for higher-quality audio transmissions, such as live music performances. Opus was submitted to the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) in September 2010. Since then, it has been standardized as RFC 6716. VP7

200-462: A beta build of version 5 but removed after a few weeks without notification. The usual features familiar to instant messaging users—user profiles, online status indicators, and so on—are also included. The Online Number , a.k.a. SkypeIn, service allows Skype users to receive calls on their computers dialed by conventional phone subscribers to a local Skype phone number; local numbers are available for Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Denmark,

250-399: A client for feature phones that ran on J2ME , Nokia X , Symbian , BlackBerry OS and BlackBerry 10 devices. In May 2009, a Version 3.0 was available on Windows Mobile 5 to 6.1 , and in September 2015, a Version 2.29 was available on Windows Phone 8.1 ; in 2016, Microsoft announced that this would stop working in early 2017 once Skype's transition from peer-to-peer to client-server

300-458: A money-send feature, enabling users to transfer funds via the Skype mobile app in the middle of a conversation. In 2019, Skype was declared the sixth most-downloaded mobile app of the decade, from 2010 to 2019. On 10 May 2011, Microsoft Corporation acquired Skype Communications, S.à r.l for US$ 8.5 billion. It was incorporated as a division of Microsoft, which acquired all its technologies with

350-445: A more independent life for blind and visually impaired people. Over 7.5 million volunteers and 669,000 blind or visually impaired people use the app. Over 180 languages and 150 countries are represented. The app was developed and marketed by Hans Jørgen Wiberg. He had demonstrated that although there are video chat software such as Skype and FaceTime , none is tailored for the visually impaired. For development, he joined forces with

400-460: A new chat powered by Skype would be implemented in their software, enabling users to chat with co-workers in the same document. On 15 September 2015, Skype announced the release of Mojis ("a brand new way to express yourself on Skype")—short video clips and GIFs featuring characters from films and TV shows that could be entered into conversations like emoticons. Skype worked with Universal Studios , Disney Muppets , BBC and other studios to enhance

450-505: A new version for Windows 8 similar to the Windows Phone version. On 7 July 2015, Skype modified the application to direct Windows users to download the desktop version, but it was set to continue working on Windows RT until October 2016. In November 2015, Skype introduced three new applications, called Messaging, Skype Video, and Phone, intended to provide an integrated Skype experience on Windows 10. On 24 March 2016, Skype announced that

500-416: A peer-to-peer service to a centralized Azure -based service. As of February 2023, it was used by 36 million people each day. The name for the software is derived from "Sky peer-to-peer ", which was then abbreviated to "Skyper". However, some of the domain names associated with "Skyper" were already taken. Dropping the final "r" left the current title "Skype", for which domain names were available. Skype

550-625: A record 27 million simultaneous online users. This record was broken with 29 million simultaneous online users on 21 February 2011 and again on 28 March 2011 with 30 million online users. On 25 February 2012, Skype announced that it has over 32 million users for the first time ever. By 5 March 2012, it had 36 million simultaneous online users, and less than a year later, on 21 January 2013, Skype had more than 50 million concurrent users online. In June 2012, Skype had surpassed 70 million downloads on Android. On 19 July 2012, Microsoft announced that Skype users had logged 115 billion minutes of calls in

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600-493: A server, as does Skype). On 20 June 2014, Microsoft announced the deprecation of the old Skype protocol. Within several months from this date, in order to continue using Skype services, Skype users will have to update to Skype applications released in 2014. The new Skype protocol, Microsoft Notification Protocol 24 , was released. The deprecation became effective in the second week of August 2014. Transferred files are now saved on central servers. As far as networking stack support

650-582: A username with a live: prefix followed by an autogenerated alphanumeric string. Registered users of Skype are identified by a unique Skype ID and may be listed in the Skype directory under a Skype username. Skype allows these registered users to communicate through both instant messaging and voice chat. Voice chat allows telephone calls between pairs of users and conference calling and uses proprietary audio codec . Skype's text chat client allows group chats, emoticons , storing chat history, and editing of previous messages. Offline messages were implemented in

700-554: Is available on various desktop, mobile, and video game console platforms. Skype was created by Niklas Zennström , Janus Friis , and four Estonian developers, and first released in August 2003. In September 2005, eBay acquired it for $ 2.6 billion. In September 2009, Silver Lake , Andreessen Horowitz , and the Canada Pension Plan Investment Board bought 65% of Skype for $ 1.9 billion from eBay, valuing

750-408: Is best known for founding Skype Technologies , a telecommunications company. In October 2005, Skype was acquired by eBay for €2.1 billion ($ 2.6 billion) with the potential to earn further performance-based bonuses up to €1.2bn. Zennström was CEO of Skype from its inception until September 2007. He went on to launch Joost in 2007, an online video distribution service. In 2009, Zennström

800-953: Is concerned, Skype only supports the IPv4 protocol. It lacks support for the next-generation Internet protocol, IPv6 . Skype for Business , however, includes support for IPv6 addresses, along with continued support of IPv4. Many networking and security companies have claimed to detect and control Skype's protocol for enterprise and carrier applications. While the specific detection methods used by these companies are often private, Pearson's chi-squared test and naive Bayes classification are two approaches that were published in 2008. Combining statistical measurements of payload properties (such as byte frequencies and initial byte sequences) as well as flow properties (like packet sizes and packet directions) has also shown to be an effective method for identifying Skype's TCP- and UDP-based protocols. Skype 2.x used G.729 , Skype 3.2 introduced SVOPC , and Skype 4.0 added

850-725: Is founder and former president of the European Tech Alliance (EUTA), a group of tech companies located around in Europe. The EUTA focuses on promoting Europe's tech industry. Currently, Zennström runs Atomico , a London-based venture capital firm which primarily invests in tech companies. Through Atomico he has invested in over 200 companies on four continents, including Supercell , Rovio , Last.fm , Klarna , and Skype . With his wife Catherine, Zennström founded Zennström Philanthropies which funds and donates to causes like tackling climate change and social entrepreneurship. Zennström

900-483: Is significant. In 2009 it was considered the largest international voice carrier (by minutes of calls). At the end of 2010, there were over 660 million worldwide users, with over 300 million estimated active each month as of August 2015. At one point in February 2012, there were 34 million users concurrently online on Skype. In January 2011, after the release of video calling on the Skype client for iPhone, Skype reached

950-454: Is used for versions prior to Skype 5.5. As of version 7.0, H.264 is used for both group and one-on-one video chat, at standard definition , 720p , and 1080p high-definition . Skype acquired the video service Qik in 2011. After shutting down Qik in April 2014, Skype relaunched the service as Skype Qik on 14 October 2014. Although Qik offered video conferencing and Internet streaming,

1000-454: The COVID-19 pandemic . However, Skype also lost a large part of its market share to Zoom . Multiple different versions of Skype have been released for Windows since its conception. The original line of Skype applications continued from versions 1.0 through 4.0. It has offered a desktop-only program since 2003. Later, a mobile version was created for Windows Phones. In 2012, Skype introduced

1050-660: The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor , US. Zennström started his professional career in 1991 at the European telecom operator Tele2 . He went on to serve in various business development roles including launching and being responsible for the European Internet Service Provider business get2net and as CEO of the everyday.com portal. In 2000, Zennström and Janus Friis co-founded Kazaa , a peer-to-peer file sharing application. In 2003, with Zennström serving as CEO,

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1100-660: The Android platform. Skype disabled access to Skype by Fring users in July 2010. Nimbuzz discontinued support of Skype on request in October 2010. Before and during the Microsoft acquisition, Skype withdrew licensing from several third parties producing software and hardware compatible with Skype. The Skype for Asterisk product from Digium was withdrawn as "no longer available for sale". The Senao SN358+ long-range (10–15 km) cordless phone

1150-510: The Danish Association of the Blind, and other organizations. The app was first presented at an event for start-up companies in 2012 and first released in 2015. A version for Android was released in 2017, in addition to the iOS version. The company has raised over $ 650,000, including funding from Silicon Valley , Microsoft , and other angel investors . In October 2019, Be My Eyes Deep Link

1200-632: The Dominican Republic, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Hong Kong, Hungary, India, Ireland, Japan, Mexico, Nepal, New Zealand, Poland, Romania, South Africa, South Korea, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, and the United States. A Skype user can have local numbers in any of these countries, with calls to the number charged at the same rate as calls to fixed lines in

1250-740: The Mojis collection. Later that year, Gurdeep Singh Pall, Corporate Vice President of Skype, announced that Microsoft had acquired the technology from Talko. In July 2016, Skype introduced an early Alpha version of a new Skype for Linux client, built with WebRTC technology, after several petitions asked Microsoft to continue development for Linux. In September of that year, Skype updated their iOS app with new features, including an option to call contacts on Skype through Siri voice commands. In October of that year, Microsoft launched Skype for Business for Mac. In February 2017, Microsoft announced plans to discontinue its Skype Wi-Fi service globally. The application

1300-620: The Skype technology relies on the Global Index P2P protocol belonging to the Joltid Ltd. corporation. The main difference between Skype and standard VoIP clients is that Skype operates on a peer-to-peer model (originally based on the Kazaa software ), rather than the more usual client-server model (note that the very popular Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) model of VoIP is also peer-to-peer, but implementation generally requires registration with

1350-476: The United Kingdom, Australia, Denmark, and Finland. The U.S. Federal Communications Commission (FCC) has ruled that, for the purposes of section 255 of the Telecommunications Act , Skype is not an "interconnected VoIP provider". As a result, the U.S. National Emergency Number Association recommends that all VoIP users have an analog line available as a backup. In 2019, Skype added an option to blur

1400-563: The Universal Windows Platform and runs on various Windows 10-related systems, including Xbox One , Xbox Series X/S , Windows phones, and Microsoft HoloLens . Microsoft still offers the older Skype 8, which is Win32-based and runs on all systems from Windows XP (which is otherwise unsupported by Microsoft) to the most recent release of Windows 10. In late 2017, this version was upgraded to Skype 12.9, in which several features were both removed and added. Skype formerly provided

1450-451: The background in a video chat interface using AI algorithms purely done using software, despite a depth-sensing camera not being present in most webcams. In 2023, Skype added the Bing AI chatbot to the platform for users who had access to the chatbot. Users may have more than one account; it is not possible to count users, only accounts. The volume of international traffic routed via Skype

1500-551: The business at $ 2.92 billion. In May 2011, Microsoft bought Skype for $ 8.5 billion and used it to replace their Windows Live Messenger . As of 2011, most of the development team and 44% of all the division's employees were in Tallinn and Tartu , Estonia . Skype originally featured a hybrid peer-to-peer and client–server system. It became entirely powered by Microsoft-operated supernodes in May 2012; in 2017, it changed from

1550-549: The country. Skype supports conference calls, video chats, and screen sharing between 25 people at a time for free, which then increased to 50 on 5 April 2019. Skype does not provide the ability to call emergency numbers , such as 112 in Europe, 911 in North America, 999 in the UK or 100 in India and Nepal. However, as of December 2012, there is limited support for emergency calls in

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1600-619: The default messaging app for Windows 8.1 , replacing the Windows 8 Messaging app at the time, and was pre-installed on every device that came with or upgraded to 8.1. In a month-long transition from 8 to 30 April 2013, Microsoft discontinued two of its own products in favor of Skype, including its Windows Live Messenger instant messaging service, although Messenger continued to be available in mainland China until October 2014. On 11 November 2014, Microsoft announced that in 2015, its Lync product would be replaced by Skype for Business , combining

1650-446: The features of Lync and the consumer Skype software. Organizations that used it could switch their users between the default Skype for Business interface and the Lync interface. On 12 August 2013, Skype released the 4.10 update for Apple iPhone and iPad apps that allowed HD quality video for iPhone 5 and fourth-generation iPads. On 20 November 2014, Microsoft Office's team announced that

1700-402: The integrated applications did not satisfy most users' needs and announced that they and the desktop client would eventually be replaced with a new UWP application, which was released as a preview version for the Windows 10 Anniversary Update and dubbed as the stable version with the release of the Windows 10 Creators Update. The latest version of Skype for Windows is Skype 11, which is based on

1750-687: The new service focuses on mobile video messaging between individuals and groups. Skype uses URIs as skype:USER?call for a call. Niklas Zennstr%C3%B6m Niklas Zennström ( Swedish: [ˈnɪ̌kːlas ˈsɛ̂nːstrœm] ; born 16 February 1966 ) is a Swedish entrepreneur and technology investor. He is co-founder of the charity organization Zennström Philanthropies. Zennström attended high school at Katedralskolan, Uppsala . He has dual degrees in Business Administration ( BSc ) and Engineering Physics ( MSc ) from Uppsala University . He spent his final year of schooling at

1800-434: The program became the world's most downloaded Internet software. After facing lawsuits filed by members of the United States' music and motion picture industry, Kazaa was sold to Sharman Networks . Zennström then founded and served as CEO at Joltid, a software company meant to develop and market peer-to-peer solutions and traffic optimization technologies. He also co-founded Altnet, another peer-to-peer network. Zennström

1850-472: The purchase. The acquisition was completed on 13 October 2011. Microsoft began integrating the Skype service with its own products. Along with taking over the development of existing Skype desktop and mobile apps , it developed a dedicated client app for its then-newly released, touch-focused Windows 8 and Windows RT operating systems, which were made available from Windows Store when the then-new OS launched on 26 October 2012. The following year, it became

1900-409: The quarter, up to 50% since the last quarter. On 15 January 2014, TeleGeography estimated that Skype-to-Skype international traffic has gone up to 36% in 2013 to 214 billion minutes. As of March 2020, Skype was used by 100 million people at least once a month and by 40 million people each day. At end March 2020 there was a 70% increase in the number of daily users from the previous month, due to

1950-407: The user interfaces of apps to make text-based messaging more prominent than voice calling. Skype for Windows, iOS, Android, Mac and Linux all received significant visual overhauls at this time. Users with legacy Skype accounts were able to retain their usernames, while new users are no longer able to manually choose a username. New user registrations associated with a Microsoft account are assigned

2000-673: The visual support service free and unlimited for all visually impaired users. Praise was given for easy use of the app. The lack of sufficient data protection , which makes it possible to pass on data to third parties, was criticized. Skype mobile applications Skype ( / s k aɪ p / ) is a proprietary telecommunications application operated by Skype Technologies , a division of Microsoft , best known for IP -based videotelephony , videoconferencing and voice calls . It also has instant messaging , file transfer, debit -based calls to landline and mobile telephones (over traditional telephone networks ), and other features. It

2050-422: Was complete. Third-party developers, such as Truphone , Nimbuzz , and Fring , previously allowed Skype to run in parallel with several other competing VoIP/IM networks (Truphone and Nimbuzz provide TruphoneOut and NimbuzzOut as a competing paid service) in any Symbian or Java environment. Nimbuzz made Skype available to BlackBerry users, and Fring provided mobile video calling over Skype as well as support for

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2100-455: Was delisted, and the service itself became non-functional from 31 March 2017. On 5 June 2017, Microsoft announced its plans to revamp Skype with similar features to Snapchat , allowing users to share temporary copies of their photos and video files. In late June 2017, Microsoft rolled out their latest update for iOS, incorporating a revamped design and new third-party integrations, with platforms including Gfycat , YouTube , and UpWorthy . It

2150-478: Was discontinued due to loss of licenses to participate in the Skype network as peers. In combination, these two products made it possible to create roaming cordless mesh networks with a robust handoff. Skype uses a proprietary Internet telephony ( VoIP ) network called the Skype protocol . The protocol has not been made publicly available by Skype, and official applications using the protocol are also proprietary. Part of

2200-422: Was founded in 2003 by Niklas Zennström , from Sweden , and Janus Friis , from Denmark . The software was created by Estonians Ahti Heinla , Priit Kasesalu , Jaan Tallinn , and Toivo Annus . Friis and Annus are credited with the idea of reducing the cost of voice calls by using a P2P protocol like that of Kazaa . An early alpha version was created and tested in spring 2003, and the first public beta version

2250-503: Was integrated into the Right Hear mobile application for the blind and visually impaired. In February 2020, $ 2.8 million in Series A funding was raised, allowing the company to further develop its business model while keeping visual support services free for visually impaired users. The investment allows the company to further develop its unique "purpose and profit" business model while keeping

2300-578: Was not well-received, with numerous negative reviews and complaints that the new client broke existing functionality. Skype later removed this "makeover". In December 2017, Microsoft added "Skype Interviews", a shared code editing system for those wishing to hold job interviews for programming roles. In April 2017, Microsoft eventually moved the service from a peer-to-peer to a central server based system, enabling cloud-based storage of text messages/pictures and temporary 30-day storage of videos/file attachments/voice messages/call recordings. It also adjusted

2350-410: Was part of the investment consortium that bought back Skype Technologies from eBay and re-joined the Skype board. In May 2011, Skype was purchased by Microsoft for $ 8.5 billion (~$ 11.4 billion in 2023). It is reported that Zennström and Friis made approximately $ 1bn between them from the sale. In November 2014, Zennström was inducted into SUP46's Swedish Startup Hall of Fame. Zennström

2400-708: Was recognized by Time Magazine as one of its 100 Most Influential People in 2006, and has received numerous other awards for innovation and entrepreneurship. In 2006, he was voted Entrepreneur of the Year in the European Business Leaders Awards (EBLA). In October 2009, the KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden, awarded Zennström the KTH Great Prize "for his outstanding entrepreneurial and technological skills". In September 2011, Zennström received

2450-451: Was released on 29 August 2003. In June 2005, Skype entered an agreement with Polish web portal Onet.pl for an integrated offering on the Polish market. On 12 September 2005, eBay Inc. agreed to acquire Luxembourg-based Skype Technologies SA for approximately US$ 2.5 billion in up-front cash and eBay stock, plus potential performance-based consideration. On 1 September 2009, eBay announced it

2500-479: Was selling 65% of Skype to Silver Lake , Andreessen Horowitz , and the Canada Pension Plan Investment Board for US$ 1.9 billion, valuing Skype at US$ 2.75 billion. On 14 July 2011, Skype partnered with Comcast to bring its video chat service to Comcast subscribers via HDTV sets. On 17 June 2013, Skype released a free video messaging services for Windows, Mac OS, iOS, iPadOS, Android, and BlackBerry. Between 2017 and 2020, Skype collaborated with PayPal to provide

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