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25-553: The lake is part of the Grand Rounds National Scenic Byway , connecting with Lake of the Isles on the northeast, Cedar Lake and Brownie Lake on the northwest, and Lake Harriet on the south. The Minneapolis Park and Recreation Board trail system has a 3.4-mile (5.5 km) trail around the lake for bicyclists and skaters and a 3.2-mile (5.1 km) trail around it for pedestrians. Both of these trails connect to

50-539: A careful examination of the statistics by the supervisor of the census had fully sustained their correctness. The returns were not revised. The 1840 census asked these questions: No microdata from the 1840 population census are available, but aggregate data for small areas, together with compatible cartographic boundary files, can be downloaded from the National Historical Geographic Information System . A compendium of data from

75-558: A pamphlet, and in a memorial from the American Statistical Association to Congress, praying that measures be taken to correct the errors. The memorial was submitted to the House of Representatives by John Quincy Adams , who contended that it demonstrated "a multitude of gross and important errors" in the published returns. In response to the House's request for an inquiry, Secretary of State John C. Calhoun reported that

100-664: Is Bde Maka Ska Park and surrounding park land offers parking, picnicking, volleyball , and athletic fields. It is also home of sailing , hosting the Calhoun Yacht Club, the Minneapolis Sailing Center, as well as local high school teams and the University of St. Thomas Sailing Team. During 1829–1839, it was the site of the Bdewákhathuŋwaŋ Dakota agricultural village known as Ḣeyate Otuŋwe . A plaque on

125-514: Is one out of every ninety-six; while in the States adhering to it [slavery], it is one out of every six hundred and sixty-one; being nearly six to one against the free blacks in the same state as well as his actions in ordering the flogging of one of his own slaves. In fall 2015 the board added the Dakota name to signage below the official name. In March 2016, an advisory group decided by majority vote to urge

150-481: The 16th century. Another Dakota name for the lake may have been Mde Med'oza , which was the name initially adopted by settlers, either as Lake Medoza or in translation as Loon Lake . The Dakota also described it as Heyate Mde , meaning 'the set back lake'. The United States Secretary of War , John C. Calhoun , sent the Army to survey the area that would surround Fort Snelling in 1817. Calhoun had also authorized

175-646: The MPRB to restore the lake's former name. There was also a proposal to rename the lake for Senator Paul Wellstone , who is buried in nearby Lakewood Cemetery . In 2017, the Minneapolis Park Board voted unanimously to recommend changing the lake's name back to Bde Maka Ska and the Hennepin County commissioners agreed. In January 2018, the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources (DNR) made Bde Maka Ska

200-626: The Minneapolis Park and Recreation Board (MPRB) visited the issue. Their legal counsel concluded that the board could not legally change the name, as state law gives that power to the Commissioner of Natural Resources, and then only in the first 40 years after the name was designated. Following the Charleston church shooting in June 2015, a fresh drive to change the name started via an online petition and

225-587: The Park Board indicated it would look into whether they could change the lake's name through state action. At the time, the Minneapolis Star Tribune published an article quoting Calhoun's views on the black race (see 1840 census controversy ): The number of deaf and dumb, blind, idiots and insane of the Negroes in the States that have changed the ancient relations between the races [and are no longer slaves]

250-488: The construction of Fort Snelling, one of the earliest American settlements in the state. The surveyors named the water body "Lake Calhoun" in his honor, and the Fort Snelling Military Reservation survey map of Lt. James L. Thompson in 1839 shows that name for the lake. Calhoun's legacy as a slaveowner and pro-slavery politician led critics to question whether he was the best person to be honored. In 2011

275-562: The corresponding figures for slaveholding States. Pro-slavery advocates trumpeted the results as evidence of the beneficial effects of slavery, and the probable consequences of emancipation. Anti-slavery advocates contended, on the contrary, that the published returns were riddled with errors, as detailed in an 1844 report by Edward Jarvis of Massachusetts in the American Journal of the Medical Sciences , later published separately as

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300-676: The court decision, and also released a statement confirming that the federal Board on Geographic Names (BGN) had adopted Bde Maka Ska as the lake's official name. Executive secretary of the U.S. Board on Geographic Names Lou Yost said, "State legislation (or court ruling) is not binding on the Federal Government. The name at the Federal level will remain Bde Maka Ska as was approved at the BGN's June 21, 2018 meeting". The Minnesota Court of Appeals decision

325-523: The east side of the lake commemorates the mission station built by Samuel and Gideon Pond where they created the first alphabet for the Dakota language at Cloudman 's Village. In 2019, the Bde Maka Ska Public Art Project was completed on the village site. On the west side is The Bakken , an old mansion with medicinal gardens and a library and museum devoted to medical electricity and

350-548: The general public. Heavy vehicles such as semi-trailer trucks and buses are largely banned from the byway, and the speed limit is 25 miles per hour throughout. Thanks to the low speed limit, motorcycle riders enjoy riding through the parkway system. Much of the asphalt paving along the road has a reddish tone so that drivers can more easily determine where to go upon reaching intersections . 1840 United States census#Controversy over statistics for mental illness among Northern blacks The 1840 United States census

375-448: The history of electromagnetism . The Como-Harriet Streetcar Line operates between the lake and Lake Harriet . The Dakota originally called the lake Mde Maka Ska (standardized Lakota/Dakota spelling Bdé Makhá Ská ; English approximation: Be-DAY Mah-KAH-Ska ) meaning 'Lake White Earth', or 'Lake White Bank', a name that probably was given by the Ioway who inhabited the area until

400-565: The lake in 2018. Grand Rounds Scenic Byway The Grand Rounds National Scenic Byway is a linked series of park areas in Minneapolis , Minnesota , United States, that takes a roughly circular path through the city. The Minneapolis Park and Recreation Board developed the system over many years. The corridors include roads for automobile traffic plus separate paths for pedestrians and bicycles, and extend slightly into neighboring cities. About 50 miles (80 km) of roadway and paths are in

425-500: The lake's bluegill, crappie, largemouth bass, northern pike, walleye, and white sucker due to mercury and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid contamination. In 1991, the then-Minnesota state record tiger muskellunge at 33 pounds 8 ounces (15.2 kg) was caught in the lake. The Minneapolis Park and Recreation website lists the lake as one of the best in the city for ice fishing walleye, northern pike, and crappies . Zebra mussels , an aquatic invasive species , were found in

450-479: The larger trail system via connections to Lake of the Isles and Lake Harriet. In addition, the Midtown Greenway Trail is located just north of the lake and Lake Street . The lake itself is popular for canoeing , kayaking , and windsurfing , and it has three swimming beaches. The three beaches are North Beach on the north side of the lake, 32nd Beach on the east, and Thomas Beach on the south. There

475-410: The legislature. The MPRB stated they would continue to keep the signage of Bde Maka Ska at the lake and Minneapolis Mayor Jacob Frey said, "I will continue to call Bde Maka Ska by its rightful name. That was the lake's name before people who look like me renamed it to honor a slavery apologist and – as far as I'm concerned – that is still its name today". The DNR appealed

500-525: The most significant example of an urban byway, as most such areas run through rural regions. Portions are also part of the Great River Road along the Mississippi River. The city purchased all the land immediately adjoining its lakes during its formative period, turning them into public parks rather than allowing them to be privately developed. Because of this, Minneapolis' lakes are accessible by

525-563: The official name in Minnesota. To change it at the federal level, the state submitted materials to the U.S. Board on Geographic Names , which approved the change in June 2018. Park signs around the lake use only the name Bde Maka Ska. On April 29, 2019, the Minnesota Court of Appeals reversed the decision of the DNR, holding that a name that had been in use more than 40 years could only be changed by

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550-466: The system, and much of it was built in the 1930s as part of Civilian Conservation Corps projects. There are seven districts along the byway: The Grand Rounds trail system features approximately 50 miles (80 km) of off-street paths for bicycles and pedestrians that make a continuous loop around Minneapolis. The area was designated as a Minnesota State Scenic Byway in 1997 and a National Scenic Byway in 1998. The Grand Rounds are considered to be

575-741: Was appealed to the Minnesota Supreme Court, which heard oral argument November 13, 2019. On May 13, 2020, the Minnesota Supreme Court ruled that the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources had the authority to rename Lake Calhoun as Bde Maka Ska, ruling that the law restricting renaming only applied to county boards, not to the DNR. The lake contains black crappie , bluegill , bowfin , common carp , hybrid sunfish, largemouth bass , northern pike , pumpkinseed , tiger muskellunge , walleye , white sucker , and yellow perch . Some fish consumption guideline restrictions have been placed on

600-572: Was the first census in which: It was also the last census conducted by U.S. marshals, as starting in 1850 a temporary office would be set up for each census under the purview of the Department of the Interior. The 1840 census was the first that attempted to count Americans who were "insane" or "idiotic". Published results of the census indicated that alarming numbers of black persons living in non-slaveholding States were mentally ill, in striking contrast to

625-631: Was the sixth census of the United States . Conducted by U.S. marshals on June 1, 1840, it determined the resident population of the United States to be 17,069,453 – an increase of 32.7 percent over the 12,866,020 persons enumerated during the 1830 census . The total population included 2,487,355 slaves. In 1840, the center of population was about 260 miles (418 km) west of Washington, D.C. , near Weston, Virginia (now in West Virginia ). This

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