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71-748: Frédéric Bazille was born in Montpellier , Hérault , Languedoc-Roussillon , France, into a wealthy wine merchant Protestant family. Bazille grew up in the Le Domaine de Méric, a wine-producing estate in Castelnau-le-Lez , near Montpellier, owned by his family. He became interested in painting after seeing some works of Eugène Delacroix . His family agreed to let him study painting, but only if he also studied medicine. Bazille began studying medicine in 1859, and moved to Paris in 1862 to continue his studies. There he met Pierre-Auguste Renoir and Alfred Sisley ,

142-678: A papal bull of 1289. It was suppressed during the French Revolution but was re-established in 1896. It is not known exactly at what date the schools of literature were founded which developed into the Montpellier faculty of arts; it may be that they were a direct continuation of the Gallo-Roman schools. The school of law was founded by Placentinus , a doctor from Bologna University , who came to Montpellier in 1160, taught there during two different periods, and died there in 1192. With regard to

213-401: A branch to Lattes and serves 32 stations. Line 4 circles the centre and serves as a connector line between the various arms of tram system. They intersect at Gare St. Roch station, Rives du Lez and Corum. Since 2019, €440 million were invested into the construction of a 5th tramway line, linking the south from Lavérune to Clapiers , up north. Since December 21, 2023, the public transport

284-499: A castle and walls around the united settlement. The name is from medieval Latin mons pisleri , "Woad Mountain" referring to the woad (Latin pastellus , pestellus ) used for dyeing locally. There is no real "mountain" in the area, with the mons referring to a pile of stones. In 986 the Lords of Montpellier begin with William I of Montpellier . In the 10th century the town consisted of two portions, Montpellier and Montpelliéret. In 1160

355-399: A destination for migrants from other parts of Europe, France's situation before World War II was not unlike that of Germany today.) France experienced a baby boom after 1945; it reversed a long-term record of low birth rates. The government's pro-natalist policy of the 1930s do not explain this sudden recovery, which was often portrayed inside France as a "miracle". It was also atypical of

426-435: A historic low in the early 1990s. The table below gives the average number of children according to the place of birth of women. An immigrant woman is a woman who was born outside France and who did not have French citizenship at birth. In 2021 there was 11.8 births/1,000 population. Total fertility rate (2020 data by INSEE ) 1.83 children born/woman. The total fertility rate is the number of children born per woman. It

497-533: A large measure of autonomy. Theology was at first taught in the convents, in which St. Anthony of Padua , Raymond Lullus , and the Dominican Bernard de la Treille lectured. Two letters of King John prove that a faculty of theology existed at Montpellier independently of the convents, in January 1350. By a Bull of 17 December 1421, Martin V granted canonical institution to this faculty and united it closely with

568-482: A neighbourhood council. The whole metropolitan area had a population of 813,272 at the 2020 census. In a study made by INSEE from 2007 to 2012 Montpellier saw the strongest population growth of France's main communes (+1.1%), ahead of Paris and Lyon. For most of its history, and even today, Montpellier has been known for its significant Spanish population, heritage and influence. Montpellier also houses significant Moroccan, Algerian, and Italian communities. The virgin

639-699: A parliamentary bill that would have permitted the collection of data for the purpose of measuring discrimination was rejected by the Conseil Constitutionnel in November 2007. However, that law does not concern surveys and polls, which are free to ask those questions if they wish. The law also allows for an exception for public institutions such as the INED or the INSEE whose job it is to collect data on demographics, social trends and other related subjects, on condition that

710-664: A portrait-like depiction of Bazille's cousin, Thérèse des Hours, who is seen from behind—and the sunlit landscape at which she gazes. His best-known painting is Family Reunion , painted 1867–1868 (Musée d'Orsay, Paris). Frédéric Bazille joined a Zouave regiment in August 1870, a month after the outbreak of the Franco-Prussian War . On November 28 of that year, he was with his unit at the Battle of Beaune-la-Rolande when, his officer having been injured, he took command and led an assault on

781-556: A possession of the crown of Aragon until it passed to James III of Majorca , who sold the city to the French king Philip VI in 1349, to raise funds for his ongoing struggle with Peter IV of Aragon . From the middle of the 14th century until the French Revolution (1789), Montpellier was part of the province of Languedoc . In the 14th century, Pope Urban VIII gave Montpellier a new monastery dedicated to Saint Peter , noteworthy for

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852-479: A time, under Henry IV of France , the latter faculty had among its lecturers Isaac Casaubon . The Montpellier school of medicine owed its success to the ruling of the Guilhems, lords of the town, by which any licensed physician might lecture there; there was no fixed limit to the number of teachers, lectures were multiplied, and there was a great wealth of teaching. Rabelais took his medical degrees at Montpellier. It

923-470: Is "Notre Dame des Tables", named for the money changing tables at the Basilica of Notre-Dame des Tables . The A and M are for "Ave Maria". The inescutcheon is the arms of the Lords of Montpellier (Guilhem). The University of Montpellier is one of the oldest in the world, founded in 1160, and having been granted a charter in 1220 by Cardinal Conrad von Urach and confirmed by Pope Nicholas IV in

994-435: Is a centre for cultural events as there are many students. Montpellier has two large concert venues: Le Zenith Sud (7.000 seats) and L'Arena (14.000 seats). Le Corum cultural and conference centre contains three auditoriums. Montpellier is twinned with: Montpellier was the birthplace of: Other famous inhabitants include: The name Montpellier is used for towns and streets in as many as four continents. Many places in

1065-526: Is a city in southern France near the Mediterranean Sea . One of the largest urban centres in the region of Occitania , Montpellier is the prefecture of the department of Hérault . At the 2020 census, 299,096 people lived in the city proper, while its metropolitan area had a population of 813,272. The inhabitants are called Montpelliérains . In the Middle Ages, Montpellier was an important city of

1136-650: Is a stronghold built in the seventeenth century by Louis XIII of France . Since the 1990s, Montpellier has experienced one of the strongest economic and demographic growths in the country. Its urban area has experienced the highest population growth in France since the year 2000. Numbering 70,000, students comprise nearly one-fourth of its population, one of the highest such proportions in Europe. Its living environment, with one of Europe's largest pedestrian areas, along with its rich cultural life and Mediterranean climate , explains

1207-409: Is around 630 millimetres (24.8 in), and is greatest in fall and winter, but not absent in summer, either. Extreme temperatures have ranged from −17.8 °C (−0.04 °F) recorded on 5 February 1963 and up to 43.5 °C (110.3 °F) on 28 June 2019. Since 2001, Montpellier has been divided into seven official neighbourhoods, themselves divided into sub-neighbourhoods. Each of them possesses

1278-656: Is based on fairly good data for the entire period. Sources: Our World In Data and Gapminder Foundation . About 22% of newborns in France between 2006 and 2008 had at least one foreign-born grandparent (9% born in another European country, 8% born in the Maghreb and 2% born in another region of the world). As of 2022, 32.4% of newborns in France had at least one foreign-born parent and 28.5% had at least one parent born outside of Europe (EU 28) (parents born in overseas territories are considered as born in France). The table below gives

1349-485: Is built on two hills, Montpellier and Montpelliéret, thus some of its streets have great differences of altitude. Some of its streets are also very narrow and old, which gives it a more intimate feel. Montpellier has a Mediterranean climate ( Köppen Csa ), with cool, damp winters, and hot, rather dry summers. The monthly mean ranges from 7.2 °C (45.0 °F) in January to 24.1 °C (75.4 °F) in July. Precipitation

1420-471: Is free for all residents. Previously, all residents under 18 and over 65 years of age have been transported free of charge since September 1, 2021. The TaM also manages the large bike sharing scheme Vélomagg' , started in June 2007, comprising 1200 bicycles and 50 stations. Montpellier was the finish of Stage 11 and the departure of Stage 12 in the 2007 Tour de France . It was also the finish of Stage 11 and

1491-480: Is lower than that of the United States, largely because of the latter's higher net migration rate . The following compares the past, present, and future size of the French population with other entities in Europe and in the world. All statements refer to France as understood in its modern borders; this pertains also to other countries. Historians suggest that France was the most populous state in Europe from at least

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1562-681: Is monitored by the Institut national d'études démographiques (INED) and the Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques (INSEE). As of 1 January 2021, 66,142,961 people lived in Metropolitan France , while 2,230,472 lived in overseas France, for a total of 68,373,433 inhabitants in the French Republic. In March 2017, the population of France officially reached the 67,000,000 mark. It had reached 66,000,000 in early 2014. Between

1633-460: Is predicted to hit the 70 million mark between the year 2025/2030 and to overtake Germany's between 2050/2060, with 75.6 million French for 71 million Germans in 2060, while the UK is predicted to overtake France by 2030. By 2080, the population of France is estimated to reach 78.8 million (including the overseas departments, but not the overseas territories). Figures from eurostat for metropolitan France and

1704-448: Is said to have stood for mont pelé (the naked hill, because the vegetation was poor), or le mont de la colline (the mount of the hill). Montpellier is located 170 km (106 mi) from Marseille , 242 km (150 mi) from Toulouse , and 748 km (465 mi) from Paris. Montpellier's highest point is the Place du Peyrou, at an altitude of 57 m (187 ft). The city

1775-529: Is served by railway, including TGV highspeed trains. Montpellier's main railway station is Saint-Roch . Since 2018, there is also a station on the high-speed railway linking Nîmes and Montpellier with the LGV Méditerranée , called Montpellier-Sud de France . The Montpellier – Méditerranée Airport is located in the area of Fréjorgues, in the town of Mauguio , southeast of Montpellier. The Transports de l'agglomération de Montpellier (TaM) manages

1846-612: The CIA World Factbook , unless otherwise indicated. Please note: Source: Source: Louis Henry and Yves Blayo. Life expectancy in Metropolitan France from 1818 to 1950. Source: Our World In Data . Death rate 9.6 deaths/1,000 population (2021 est.) Age structures of the France métropolitaine from the year 1740 to 2021. Source: Louis Henry and Yves Blayo. France has a high fertility rate compared to other European countries; this rate has increased after reaching

1917-513: The Crown of Aragon (and was the birthplace of James I ), and then of Majorca , before its sale to France in 1349. Established in 1220, the University of Montpellier is one of the oldest universities in the world and has the oldest medical school still in operation, with notable alumni such as Petrarch , Nostradamus and François Rabelais . Above the medieval city, the ancient citadel of Montpellier

1988-520: The Maghreb and 2% born in another region of the world). Censuses on race and ethnic origin were banned by the French government in 1978. In 2021, the Total Fertility Rate of France was 1.82, and 7.7% was the percent of births to women that were their 4th+ child. Starting around 1800, the historical evolution of the population in France has been atypical in Europe. Unlike the rest of Europe, there

2059-668: The American state of Vermont was named Montpelier because of the high regard in which the Americans held the French who had aided their Revolutionary War against the British . Several other American cities are also named Montpelier. Places named Montpellier/Montpelier are also found in Australia, Canada, South Africa, and the Caribbean. Demographics of France The demography of France

2130-601: The Catholic party. Even before the Edict of Alès in 1629, Protestant rule was dead and the ville de sûreté was no more. Louis XIV made Montpellier capital of Bas Languedoc , and the town started to embellish itself, by building the Promenade du Peyrou , the Esplanade and a large number of houses in the historic centre. After the French Revolution , the city became the capital of

2201-616: The German position. He was hit twice in the failed attack and died on the battlefield at the age of twenty-eight. His father travelled to the battlefield a few days later to take his body back for burial at Montpellier in the Protestant cemetery over a week later. Montpellier Montpellier ( UK : / m ɒ n t ˈ p ɛ l i eɪ / , US : / ˌ m oʊ n p ɛ l ˈ j eɪ / ; French: [mɔ̃pəlje, -pɛl-] ; Occitan : Montpelhièr [mumpeˈʎɛ] )

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2272-504: The Huguenots. The city's political institutions and the university were all handed over to the Huguenots. Increasing tension with Paris led to King Louis XIII besieging the city in 1622. The city surrendered after a two-month siege. Peace terms called for the dismantling of the city's fortifications and the building of the royal Citadel of Montpellier to secure the city for the government. The university and consulate were taken over by

2343-523: The Revolution. The faculty numbered among its illustrious pupils of law Petrarch , who spent four years at Montpellier, and among its lecturers Guillaume de Nogaret , chancellor to Philip the Fair , Guillaume de Grimoard , afterwards pope under the name of Urban V, and Pedro de Luna , antipope as Benedict XIII. But after the 15th century this faculty fell into decay, as did also the faculty of arts, although for

2414-575: The Third Republic, France has prohibited the collection of data on a citizen’s race, ethnicity, or their beliefs, such as religion, through national censuses, however, estimates have been made of the ethnic and racial demography of the country in the present. Some organizations, such as the Representative Council of Black Associations of France (French: Conseil représentatif des associations noires de France , CRAN), have argued in favour of

2485-510: The United Kingdom and Ireland carry the name Montpellier. Often they are in resort locations claiming some of the healthy attributes for which the French city was renowned in earlier centuries. The variant spelling "Montpelier" is common, and is of quite early provenance. Brewer uses that spelling. The first example was the early 19th-century suburb of Montpelier in Brighton . The capital of

2556-596: The Western world: although there was a baby boom in other Western countries after the war, the baby boom in France was much stronger, and lasted longer than in most other Western countries (the United States was one of the few exceptions). In the 1950s and 1960s, France's population grew at 1% per year: the highest growth in the history of France, higher even than the high growth rates of the 18th or 19th century. Since 1975, France's population growth rate has significantly diminished, but it still remains slightly higher than that of

2627-454: The belief that women's suffrage in other countries caused birth rates to decline helped defeat proposals before World War II to permit women to vote . The birth rate declined again after a brief baby boom from 1920 to 1923, and reached an all-time low during peacetime in the late 1930s. During the "hollow years" of the decade, the number of new conscripts declined because of the lack of births during World War I. From 1935 deaths exceeded births;

2698-555: The birth rate began to fall in the late 18th century; thus population growth was quite slow in the 19th century, and the nadir was reached in the first half of the 20th century when France, surrounded by the rapidly growing populations of Germany and the United Kingdom, had virtually zero growth. The slow growth of France's population in the 19th century was reflected in the country's very low emigration rate. The French population only grew by 8.6% between 1871 and 1911, while Germany's grew by 60% and Britain's by 54%. French concerns about

2769-528: The birthrate. France lost 10% of its active male population in World War I; the 1.3 million French deaths, along with even more births forgone by potential fathers being off at war, caused a drop of 3 million in the French population, and helped make Dénatalité a national obsession; by 1920 ANAPF had 40,000 members, and in July that year a new law strictly regulated abortion and contraception. ANAPF proposed that parents of large families receive extra votes, and

2840-469: The city's public transportation, including its 56-kilometre (35 mi) tramway network consisting of four lines and several parking facilities. Line 1 runs from Mosson in the west to Odysseum in the east. Line 2 runs from Jacou in the northeast to St. Jean-de-Vedas in the southwest. Line 3 and Line 4 opened in April 2012. Line 3, which is 22.4-kilometre (13.9 mi) long, links Juvignac and Pérols with

2911-485: The city's thriving university culture, though many other universities have been well established there. The coastal city also benefited in the past 40 years from major construction programs such as Antigone , Port Marianne and Odysseum districts. The city is situated on hilly ground 10 km (6 mi) inland from the Mediterranean coast, on the river Lez . The name of the city, which was originally Monspessulanus ,

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2982-567: The city's traditional freedoms and granted the city the right to choose twelve governing consuls annually. Under the Kings of Aragon, Montpellier became a very important city, a major economic centre and the primary centre for the spice trade in the Kingdom of France. It was the second or third most important city of France at that time, with some 40,000 inhabitants before the Black Death . Montpellier remained

3053-466: The country annually. One out of two was born in Europe and one in three in Africa. Between 2009 and 2012, the number of Europeans migrating to France increased sharply (plus 12% per year on average), but the percentage would steadily decrease by 2022, supplanted by a rise in the number of immigrants from Africa. The national birth rate , after dropping for a time, began to rebound in the 1990s and currently

3124-703: The country's fertility rate is close to the replacement level . According to a 2006 INSEE study, "the natural increase is close to 300,000 people, a level that has not been reached in more than thirty years." With a total fertility rate of 1.83 in 2020, France however remains the most fertile country in the European Union . Among the 802,000 babies born in metropolitan France in 2010, 80.1% had two French parents, 13.3% had one French parent, and 6.6% had two non-French parents. Between 2006 and 2008, about 22% of newborns in France had at least one foreign-born grandparent (9% born in another European country, 8% born in

3195-597: The country's slow population growth began after its defeat in the Franco-Prussian War . For four years in the 1890s, the number of deaths exceeded the number of births. The National Alliance for the Growth of the French Population (ANAPF) was formed in 1896, and the Cognacq-Jay and other prizes were created for the parents of large families. Émile Zola 's 1899 novel Fécondité is representative of contemporary concerns about

3266-691: The departure of Stage 12 in the 2016 edition . The city is home to a variety of professional sports teams: Montpellier was one of the hosts of the FIBA EuroBasket 2015 . The city is home to the Open Sud de France tennis tournament since 2010, and will host the XXXI World Rhythmic Gymnastics Championship . The main athletics stadium is the Philippidès Stadium , which is owned by the University of Montpellier . The city

3337-583: The enthusiasm for the city, which is nicknamed the "Gifted". Montpellier was nominated for "Best Emerging Culture City of the Year 2017" by the think tank LCD. It is ranked as a Sufficiency city by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network . Montpellier is the third-largest French city near the Mediterranean coast, behind Marseille and Nice . It is the seventh-largest city of France , and has also been

3408-409: The faculty of law. In the 16th century the faculty of theology disappeared for a time, when Calvinism , in the reign of Henry II of France , held complete possession of the city. It resumed its functions after Louis XIII had reestablished the royal power at Montpellier in 1622; but the rivalries of Dominicans and Jesuits interfered seriously with the prosperity of the faculty, which disappeared at

3479-537: The fastest-growing city in the country for 25 years. In the Early Middle Ages , the nearby episcopal town of Maguelone was the major settlement in the area but raids by pirates encouraged settlement a little farther inland. In 737 Charles Martel destroyed Maguelone . Montpellier, first mentioned in a document of 985, was founded under a local feudal dynasty, the Guilhem, who combined two hamlets and built

3550-470: The grapes needed for wine. After this the city had grown because it welcomed French repatriates from Algeria and other parts of northern Africa after Algeria's independence from France . In the 21st century Montpellier is between France's number seventh and eighth largest city. The city had another influx in population more recently, largely due to the student population, who make up about one-fourth of Montpellier's population. The school of medicine kickstarted

3621-441: The income of a family with six children. The Vichy government approved of the laws and implemented them as part of its Travail, famille, patrie national motto, as did the postwar Provisional Government of the French Republic . Also, France encouraged immigration, chiefly from other European countries such as Italy, Poland, and Spain. (In fact, with its low birth rate, stagnating or declining native-born population, and role as

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3692-439: The introduction of data collection on minority groups but this has been resisted by other organizations and ruling politicians, often on the grounds that collecting such statistics goes against France's secular principles and harks back to Vichy -era identity documents . During the 2007 presidential election , however, Nicolas Sarkozy , polled on the issue, stated that he favoured the collection of data on ethnicity. Part of

3763-695: The law school was active. The two surviving towers of the city walls, the Tour des Pins and the Tour de la Babotte , were built later, around the year 1200. Montpellier came to prominence in the 12th century—as a trading centre, with trading links across the Mediterranean world, and a rich Jewish cultural life that flourished within traditions of tolerance of Muslims , Jews and Cathars —and later of its Protestants. William VIII of Montpellier gave freedom for all to teach medicine in Montpellier in 1180. The city's faculties of law and medicine were established in 1220 by Cardinal Conrad of Urach , legate of Pope Honorius III ;

3834-490: The medical faculty has, over the centuries, been one of the major centres for the teaching of medicine in Europe. This era marked the high point of Montpellier's prominence. The city became a possession of the Kings of Aragon in 1204 by the marriage of Peter II of Aragon with Marie of Montpellier , who was given the city and its dependencies as part of her dowry . Montpellier gained a charter in 1204 when Peter and Marie confirmed

3905-401: The much smaller Department of Hérault . During the 19th century the city thrived on the wine culture that it was able to produce due to the abundance of sun throughout the year. The wine consumption in France allowed Montpellier's citizens to become very wealthy until in the 1890s the phylloxera induced fungal disease had spread amongst the vineyards and the people were no longer able to grow

3976-399: The number of children born in metropolitan France according to the place of birth of both parents. As of 2022, 74.0% of newborns in France had two parents with French citizenship, 14.4% had one French parent, and 11.5% had two non-French parents. The table below gives the number of children born in metropolitan France according to the citizenship of both parents. The population of France

4047-402: The overseas departments: Source: The vital statistics below refer to France Métropolitaine and do not include the overseas departments, territories and New Caledonia. For the purpose of compatibility, all data refers to Metropolitan France As of 2023, 66.4% of newborn babies had both parents born in France, 15.1% had one foreign-born parent, and 18.5% had two foreign-born parents. In

4118-591: The period of Charlemagne and the Frankish Empire , if not earlier, to the 19th century. Population statistics prior to the modern era are historical estimates as official counts were not made. In the above list, Turkey is not considered a European country. Turkey was less populous than metropolitan France until 1992 but is now more populous. Demographic statistics according to the World Population Review in 2020. Demographic statistics according to

4189-519: The press widely discussed the country's decreasing population. Both left and right supported pro-natalist policies; even the French Communist Party ended its opposition to anti-birth control and anti-abortion laws in 1936, and its leader, Maurice Thorez , advocated for the "protection of family and childhood". New laws in November 1938 and July 1939, the code de la famille , provided enough financial incentives for large families to double

4260-456: The provincial universities in France. University of Montpellier 1 and University of Montpellier 2 reunified in January 2015 to form the University of Montpellier. Paul Valéry University Montpellier, remains a separate entity. Moreover, Montpellier was ranked 119th best student city in the world for 2013, according to QS Best Student Cities 2023 ranking. Public service schools Montpellier

4331-449: The rest of Europe, and much faster than at the end of the 19th century and during the first half of the 20th century. In the first decade of the third millennium, population growth in France was the highest in Europe, matched only by that of the Republic of Ireland , which has also historically undergone stagnant growth and even decline relative to the rest of Europe until recently. However, it

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4402-404: The same year, 72.6% of newborn babies had both parents with French citizenship, 14.6% had one French and one foreign parent, and 12.8% had both parents with foreign citizenship. INSEE counts individuals born alive in mainland France according to the detailed place of birth of the parents: Note: In 2010 some foreigners not declared country : father - 17,536; mother - 3,754 In 2020, there

4473-478: The school of medicine, there were excellent physicians at Montpellier. The statutes given in 1220 by Cardinal Conrad, legate of Honorius III , which were completed in 1240 by Pierre de Conques, placed this school under the direction of the Bishop of Maguelonne . Pope Nicholas IV issued a Bull in 1289, combining all the schools into a university, which was placed under the direction of the bishop, but which in fact enjoyed

4544-511: The time of the Reformation in the 16th century, many of the inhabitants of Montpellier became Protestants (or Huguenots as they were known in France) and the city became a stronghold of Protestant resistance to the Catholic French crown. Montpellier was among the most important of the 66 villes de sûreté ('cities of protection' or 'protected cities') that the Edict of Nantes granted to

4615-412: The very unusual porch of its chapel, supported by two high, somewhat rocket-like towers. With its importance steadily increasing, the city finally gained a bishop, who moved from Maguelone in 1536, and the huge monastery chapel became a cathedral. In 1432, Jacques Cœur established himself in the city and it became an important economic centre, until 1481 when Marseilles overshadowed it in this role. At

4686-514: The years 2010–17, the population of France grew from 64,613,000 to 66,991,000 (i.e. about 2.4 million people in a span of 7 years), making France one of the fastest-growing countries in Europe. The population of France is growing by 1,000,000 people every three years- an average annual increase of 340,000 people, or +0.6%. France was historically Europe's most populous country. During the Middle Ages , more than one-quarter of Europe's total population

4757-402: Was French ; by the seventeenth century, this had decreased slightly to one-fifth. By the beginning of the nineteenth century, other European countries, such as Germany and Russia, had caught up with France and overtaken it in number of people. However, the country's population sharply increased with the baby boom following World War II. According to INSEE, since 2004, 200,000 immigrants entered

4828-399: Was a total of 154,581 marriages in France. Unemployment, youth ages 15–24: Note: people born outside of France (including the overseas departments) are referred to as immigrants regardless of their nationality (French or foreign). People without French nationality are referred to as foreigners regardless of their birthplace (France or abroad). Due to a law dating from 1872 at the start of

4899-617: Was drawn to Impressionist painting, and began taking classes in Charles Gleyre 's studio. After failing his medical exam in 1864, he began painting full-time. His close friends included Claude Monet , Alfred Sisley and Édouard Manet . Bazille was generous with his wealth and helped support his less fortunate associates by giving them space in his studio and materials to use. Bazille was just twenty-three years old when he painted several of his best-known works, including The Pink Dress (c. 1864, Musée d'Orsay , Paris). This painting combines

4970-525: Was in this school that the biological theory of vitalism , elaborated by Barthez (1734–1806), had its origin. The French Revolution did not interrupt the existence of the faculty of medicine. The faculties of science and of letters were re-established in 1810; that of law in 1880. It was on the occasion of the sixth centenary of the university, celebrated in 1889, that the Government of France announced its intention—which has since been realized—of reorganizing

5041-468: Was no strong population growth in France in the 19th and first half of the 20th century. The birth rate in France diminished much earlier than in the rest of Europe in part because inheritance laws dictated distribution of estates whereas in the UK wealth could be passed to the eldest son or child. The country's large population gave Napoleon a seemingly limitless supply of men for the Grande Armée , but

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