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102-601: The 644-megawatt natural gas-fired plant came on line in 2012. It connects to a 6.5 mile, 345-kilovolt power line under the Upper New York Bay connecting with a Consolidated Edison substation in Gowanus in Brooklyn, New York which is the longest XLPE cable in the world. The submarine cable portion of the project is one of the most deeply buried submarine cables at 15 feet below New Jersey-New York Harbor bottom. On behalf of

204-476: A gross metropolitan product of over US$ 2.5 trillion. Greater New York is the hub of multiple industries, including finance, health care , pharmaceuticals , and scientific output in life sciences , international trade , publishing, real estate, education, fashion, entertainment , tourism, law, and manufacturing; and if the New York metropolitan area were an independent sovereign state , it would constitute

306-604: A "playground for the rich and famous", with some of the wealthiest communities in the United States. In 2015, according to Business Insider , the 11962 zip code encompassing Sagaponack , within Southampton , was listed as the most expensive in the U.S. by real estate-listings site Property Shark, with a median home sale price of $ 5,125,000. During the summer season, many celebrities and the wealthy visit or reside in mansions and waterfront homes, while others spend weekends enjoying

408-668: A Morgan Stanley investment fund, purchased the plant in 2018. In 2018, a 120-megawatt expansion (Bayonne Energy Center II) came online. Bayonne Energy Center II was one of the three natural gas-fired plants in the New York metropolitan area that came online to support electricity needs before the decommission of the last nuclear reactor of the Indian Point Energy Center in 2021. The other two plants were Cricket Valley Energy Center (1,100 MW) and CPV Valley Energy Center (678 MW). Upper New York Bay New York Harbor

510-414: A canoe party of Lenape. A party of his sailors may have taken on fresh water at a spring called "the watering place" on Staten Island—a monument stands in a tiny park on the corner of Bay Street and Victory Boulevard at the approximate spot—but Verrazzano's descriptions of the geography of the area are a bit ambiguous. It is fairly firmly held by historians that his ship anchored at the approximate location of

612-648: A constant phenomenon, although there have been improvements in some areas of the harbor complex in the late 20th and early 21st centuries. A 2019 study of the harbor identifies water quality trends in nine regions of the harbor, using data collected during 1996 to 2017. The Lower New York Bay region has the highest quality, due to frequent exchange of water with the Atlantic Ocean. The poorest regions are those with limited exchange of water flows: Newtown Creek , Flushing Bay and Jamaica Bay . High levels of nutrient pollution (nitrogen and phosphorus) were observed throughout

714-481: A high degree of economic interconnection. The New York–Newark, NY–NJ–CT–PA Combined Statistical Area had an estimated population of 23.7 million as of 2014. About one out of every fifteen Americans resides in this region, which includes eight additional counties in New York, New Jersey, Connecticut, and Pennsylvania. This area, less the Pennsylvania portion, is often referred to as the tri-state area and less commonly

816-399: A land area of just 305 square miles (790 km ), New York is the most densely populated major city in the United States. A global power city , New York City exerts a significant impact upon commerce, finance, health care and life sciences , media, dining, art, fashion, research, technology, education, and entertainment, its fast pace defining the term New York minute . Home to

918-456: A massive office complex in New York's Financial District whose iconic, 110-story Twin Towers for a short time stood as the world's tallest buildings. In the 1980s, the city's economy was booming, particularly in the financial sector. Wall Street was fueling an economic surge in the real estate market, and later the dot-com bubble . Despite this, crime was still an issue. This was exacerbated by

1020-626: A mix of rain and snow. Although prevailing winds in winter are offshore, and temper the moderating effects of the Atlantic Ocean, the Atlantic and the partial shielding by the Appalachians from colder air keep the New York area warmer in the winter than inland North American metropolitan areas located at similar or lesser latitudes including Pittsburgh , Cincinnati , and Indianapolis . Warm periods with 50 °F (10 °C)+ temperatures may occasionally occur during winter as well. The hardiness zone in

1122-603: A popular site for recreation sailing and kayaking . The harbor is traversed by the Staten Island Ferry , which runs between Whitehall Street at the southernmost tip of Manhattan near Battery Park ( South Ferry ) and St. George Ferry Terminal on Richmond Terrace in Staten Island near Richmond County Borough Hall and Richmond County Supreme Court. NY Waterway operates routes across the bay and through The Narrows to locations near Sandy Hook . The harbor supports

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1224-773: A rate exceeding those of the other U.S. forces. Bright city lights made it easier for German U-boats to spot targets at night, but local officials resisted suggestions that they follow London 's lead and blackout the lights of coastal cities. However, some lights were darkened, including those of the amusement parks in Coney Island , Brooklyn , and the Coney Island Light , and Sandy Hook Lighthouse . The Harbor reached its peak activity in March 1943 during World War II, with 543 ships at anchor awaiting assignment to convoy or berthing (with as many as 426 seagoing vessel already at one of

1326-586: A similar suit was brought against the International Longshoremen's Association local. In March 2006, the Port passenger facility was to be transferred to Dubai Ports World . There was considerable security controversy over the ownership by a foreign corporation, particularly Arabic, of a U.S. port operation, this in spite of the fact the current operator was the British-based P&;O Ports , and

1428-635: A single city in 1898. The newly unified New York City encouraged both more physical connections between the boroughs and the growth of bedroom communities . The New York City Subway began operating in 1904 as the Interborough Rapid Transit Company , one of three systems (the other two being the Brooklyn-Manhattan Transit Corporation and the Independent Subway System ) that were later taken over by

1530-460: A staple for the diet of all classes of citizens both locally and regionally until the end of the 19th century, when the beds succumbed to pollution. Historically, it has played an extremely important role in the commerce of the New York metropolitan area . The Statue of Liberty National Monument recalls the immigrant experience during the late 19th and early 20th century. Since the 1950s, container ship traffic has been primarily routed through

1632-594: A very diverse population of marine species, allowing for recreational fishing, most commonly for striped bass and bluefish. The original population of the 16th century New York Harbor, the Lenape , used the waterways for fishing and travel. In 1524 Giovanni da Verrazzano anchored in what is now called the Narrows , the strait between Staten Island and Long Island that connects the Upper and Lower New York Bay , where he received

1734-520: Is 5,571 inhabitants per square mile (2,151/km ). If Long Island geographically constituted an independent metropolitan statistical area, it would rank fourth most populous in the United States; while if it were a U.S. state, Long Island would rank 13th in population and first in population density . Queens is the most ethnically diverse urban area in the world. The Town of Hempstead in Nassau County, with an estimated population of 770,367 in 2016,

1836-831: Is a bay that covers all of the Upper Bay and an extremely small portion of the Lower Bay . It is at the mouth of the Hudson River where it empties into New York/New Jersey Bight near the East River tidal estuary , and then into the Atlantic Ocean on the East Coast of the United States . New York Harbor is also known as Upper New York Bay , which is enclosed by the New York City boroughs of Manhattan , Brooklyn , and Staten Island and

1938-421: Is a globally recognized symbol of the United States and its democracy . Large-scale immigration into New York was a result of a large demand for manpower. A cosmopolitan attitude in the city created tolerance for various cultures and ethnic groups. German, Irish, and Italian immigrants were among the largest ethnic groups. Today, many of their descendants continue to live in the region. Cultural buildings such as

2040-556: Is a suburban and rural region of New York , much of the Gateway Region is highly urbanized. The entirety of Hudson County, eastern Essex County, southern Passaic County as well as Elizabeth in Union County are all densely populated areas. Central Jersey is the middle portion of New Jersey . It generally comprises the following counties: Notable municipalities in the region include Trenton (the state capital of New Jersey and

2142-611: Is at the heart of the metropolitan area, the New York–Newark, NY–NJ–CT Urbanized Area , which had a land area of 3,450 square miles in 2010 according to the 2010 census. The New York State portion of the metropolitan area, which includes the five boroughs of New York City, the lower Hudson Valley, and Long Island, accounts for over 65 percent of the state's population. New York–Newark–Jersey City, NY–NJ–PA Metropolitan Statistical Area (19,043,386) Combined statistical areas (CSAs) group together adjacent core-based statistical areas with

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2244-580: Is further subdivided into four metropolitan divisions. The 23-county MSA includes 10 counties in New York State (coextensive with the five boroughs of New York, the two remaining counties of Long Island , and three counties in the Lower Hudson Valley ); 12 counties in Northern and Central New Jersey ; and one county in northeastern Pennsylvania . The largest urbanized area in the United States

2346-517: Is located in the Town of Poughkeepsie and runs from Poughkeepsie to Grand Central Terminal in New York City. Northern New Jersey , also known colloquially as North Jersey, is typically defined as comprising the following counties: The New Jersey State Department of Tourism splits North Jersey into the urban Gateway Region and the more rural Skylands Region . Northern New Jersey is home to four of

2448-462: Is much healthier than it was 30 years ago." The Port of New York and New Jersey is the largest oil importing port and third largest container port in the nation. The commercial activity of the port of New York City, including the waterfronts of the five boroughs and nearby cities in New Jersey, since 1921 has been formalized under a single bi-state Port Authority of New York and New Jersey . Since

2550-464: Is relatively evenly spread throughout the year, and many areas receive upwards of 50 in (1,270 mm). Average winter snowfall for 1981 to 2010 ranges from just under 25 inches (64 cm) along the coast of Long Island to more than 50 in (127 cm) in some inland areas, but this usually varies considerably from year to year. Hurricanes and tropical storms have impacted the Tri-State area in

2652-704: Is still served by cruise lines , commuter ferries , and tourist excursion boats. Although most ferry service is private, the Staten Island Ferry is operated by the New York City Department of Transportation . Passenger ship facilities are New York Passenger Ship Terminal , the Brooklyn Cruise Terminal at Red Hook , and MOTBY at Bayonne . 40°40′06″N 74°02′44″W  /  40.66833°N 74.04556°W  / 40.66833; -74.04556 New York metropolitan area The New York metropolitan area , broadly referred to as

2754-401: Is the most populous municipality in the New York metropolitan area outside of New York City. Long Island is also the 17th most populous island in the world , but is more prominently known for recreation, boating, and miles of public beaches, including numerous town, county, and state parks, as well as Fire Island National Seashore and wealthy and expensive coastal residential enclaves. Along

2856-653: Is the responsibility of the bi-state Waterfront Commission . The commission was set up in 1953 (a year before the movie On the Waterfront ), to combat labor racketeering . It is held that the Gambino crime family controlled the New York waterfront and the Genovese crime family controlled the New Jersey side. In 1984 the Teamsters local was put under Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act (RICO) trusteeship, and in 2005

2958-468: The 2020 U.S. Census , constituting nearly 40% of New York State's population, the majority of New York City residents, 58.4% as of 2020, live on Long Island, namely the estimated 4,896,398 residents living in the New York City boroughs of Brooklyn and Queens . Long Island is the most populated island in any U.S. state or territory, and the 17th-most populous island in the world (ahead of Ireland , Jamaica , and Hokkaidō ). Its population density

3060-629: The 2020 United States census . The vast metropolitan area includes New York City , the nation's most populous city, Long Island , the mid and lower Hudson Valley in New York state , fourteen counties, eleven of the largest cities in New Jersey , and six of the seven largest cities in Connecticut . The phrase Tri-State area is usually used to refer to New York , New Jersey , and Connecticut , although an increasing number of people who work in New York City commute from Pennsylvania , particularly from

3162-503: The Battle of New York were fought in the region to secure it. New York was captured by the British early in the war, becoming a haven for Loyalist refugees from other parts of the country, and remained in the hands of the British until the war ended in 1783. New York served as the capital of the United States from 1785 until 1790, after which the capital moved to Philadelphia. New York has been

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3264-579: The Dfb (warm summer subtype) regime is only found inland at a higher elevation, and receives greater snowfall than the Dfa region. Much of Monroe and most of Pike County in Pennsylvania also have a fully humid continental climate. Summers in the area are typically hot and humid. Nighttime conditions in and around the five boroughs of New York are often exacerbated by the urban heat island phenomenon, and temperatures exceed 90 °F (32 °C) on average of 7–8 days (on

3366-699: The East End . The Hudson Valley and Connecticut are sometimes grouped together and referred to as the Northern Suburbs, largely because of the shared usage of the Metro-North Railroad system. Under the Köppen climate classification , New York City, western (and parts of eastern) Long Island, and the Jersey Shore experience a humid subtropical climate ( Cfa ), and New York is thus the northernmost major city on

3468-612: The East River , which, despite its name, is actually a tidal strait . It provides the main passage for the waters of the Hudson River as it empties through the Narrows. The channel of the Hudson as it passes through the harbor is called the Anchorage Channel and is approximately 50 feet deep in the midpoint of the harbor. A project to replace two water mains between Brooklyn and Staten Island, which will eventually allow for dredging of

3570-667: The Hudson County, New Jersey municipalities of Jersey City and Bayonne . The name may also refer to the entirety of New York Bay including Lower New York Bay . The harbor is fed by the waters of the Hudson River (historically called the North River as it passes Manhattan ), as well as the Gowanus Canal . It is connected to Lower New York Bay by the Narrows , to Newark Bay by the Kill Van Kull , and to Long Island Sound by

3672-459: The Lehigh Valley , Bucks County , and Poconos regions in eastern Pennsylvania, making the metropolitan area span across four states. The New York metropolitan area is the geographic and demographic hub of the larger Northeast megalopolis . The New York metropolitan area is the most populous metropolitan statistical area in the United States with 20.1 million residents, or slightly over 6% of

3774-491: The MTA Metro-North Railroad serve the region's rail commuters. Southern Westchester County contains more densely populated areas and includes the cities of Yonkers, Mount Vernon, New Rochelle, and White Plains. Many of the suburban communities of Westchester are known for their affluence and expense (some examples: Bronxville, Scarsdale, Chappaqua, Armonk, Katonah, and Briarcliff Manor). Rockland's river towns along

3876-664: The Massachusetts border. Most of the largest cities in the state are in New Haven County (home to Yale University ) and Fairfield County. Candlewood Lake is the largest recreational lake in the New York metropolitan area. The lake is located within the Greater Danbury region, and is home to many second homes of New York City residents. Pike County, Pennsylvania is located in Northeastern Pennsylvania . As of

3978-685: The Metropolitan Museum of Art , the Metropolitan Opera , and the American Museum of Natural History were built. New York newspapers were read around the country as media moguls James Gordon Bennett, Sr. , Joseph Pulitzer and William Randolph Hearst battled for readership. In 1884, over 70% of exports passed through ports in New York or in one of the surrounding towns. The five boroughs of New York — The Bronx , Brooklyn , Manhattan , Queens , and Staten Island — were consolidated into

4080-689: The New Jersey Turnpike , the Garden State Parkway , and the Northeast Corridor , which bisect Central Jersey. Fairfield, New Haven, and Litchfield counties in western Connecticut (like the state in general) are known for affluence. Large businesses are scattered throughout the area, mostly in Fairfield County. The land is flat along the coast with low hills eventually giving way to larger hills such as The Berkshires further inland, to

4182-464: The Tri-State area and often also called Greater New York , is the largest metropolitan area in the world by urban landmass , encompassing 4,669.0 sq mi (12,093 km ). The New York metropolitan area is one of the most populous metropolitan areas in the world, the largest metropolitan area in the U.S., and the only U.S. metropolitan area home to more than 20 million residents as of

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4284-517: The United States Coast and Geodetic Survey in 1878) discovered a new, deeper channel through the Narrows into New York Harbor. Previously, the passage was complex and shallow enough that loaded ships would wait outside the harbor until high tide, to avoid running into the huge sandbar, which was interrupted in a number of places by channels of fairly shallow depth: 21 feet (6.4 m) at low tide and 33 feet (10 m) at high tide. Because of

4386-623: The War Board labor ruling and ended on April 20, 1919 after new terms had been offered by both public and private port employers. After the United States entered World War II , the German navy's Operation Drumbeat set the top U-boat aces loose against the merchant fleet in U.S. territorial waters in January 1942, starting the Second happy time . The U-boat captains were able to silhouette target ships against

4488-457: The Wisconsinan glaciation , the region was situated at the edge of a large ice sheet over 1,000 feet in depth. The ice sheet scraped away large amounts of soil, leaving the bedrock that serves as the geologic foundation for much of the New York metropolitan region today. Later on, the ice sheet would help split apart what are now Long Island and Staten Island. At the time of European contact

4590-506: The crack epidemic , with the New York City area being one of the major ports of entry for narcotics entering the United States. Neighborhoods such as the South Bronx became prime examples of late 20th century urban decay . Beginning in the 1990s, however, crime dropped substantially due to tough-on-crime policies. Crime in New York City has continued to decline through the 21st century. The September 11th attacks in 2001 were pivotal in

4692-477: The eighth-largest economy in the world. It is the most prominent financial, diplomatic , and media hub in the world. According to Forbes , in 2014, the New York metropolitan area was home to eight of the top ten ZIP Codes in the United States by median housing price, with six in Manhattan alone. The New York metropolitan area is known for its varied landscape and natural beauty, and contains five of

4794-472: The headquarters of the United Nations , New York is an important center for international diplomacy . New York is a global city and has been described as the cultural , financial , entertainment , and media capital of the world, as well as the world's most economically powerful city. Long Island , the most populous island in the United States, is located just off the northeast coast of

4896-801: The tri-state region . The New York City television designated market area (DMA) includes Pike County, Pennsylvania , which is also included in the CSA. In addition to the New York–Newark–Jersey City, NY–NJ–PA metropolitan statistical areas (MSA), the following core-based statistical areas are also included in the New York–Newark, NY–NJ–CT–PA CSA: The area is frequently divided into the following subregions: All eight subregions are often further subdivided. For instance, Long Island can be divided into its South and North Shores (usually when speaking about Nassau County and western Suffolk County) and

4998-651: The 1950s, the New York and Brooklyn commercial port has been almost completely eclipsed by the container ship facility at nearby Port Newark-Elizabeth Marine Terminal in Newark Bay , which is the largest such port on the Eastern Seaboard . The port has diminished in importance to passenger travel, but the Port Authority operates all three major airports, La Guardia (built 1939) and JFK/Idlewild (built 1948) in New York, and Newark (built 1928) in New Jersey. The harbor

5100-401: The 1957 season. Crime affected the city severely. Urban renewal projects alleviated decay in poorer neighborhoods to a certain extent, but many of these later proved to be failures and caused unanticipated consequences like ghettoization, informal racial segregation in housing, and disruption of the organic urban fabric that made the city's neighborhoods cohesive and healthy places to live. There

5202-581: The 2010 Census, the population was 57,369. Its county seat is Milford . Part of the Pocono Mountains region lies within Pike County, which has ranked among the fastest-growing counties of Pennsylvania. The following is a list of "principal cities" and their respective population estimates from the 2020 U.S. Census . Principal cities include those with populations over 100,000 or major job, cultural, educational, and economic centers. census During

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5304-409: The 750 piers or docks). Eleven hundred warehouses with nearly 1.5 square miles (3.9 km ) of enclosed space served freight along with 575 tugboats and 39 active shipyards , the largest being Brooklyn Navy Yard . With a large inventory of heavy equipment, this made New York Harbor the busiest in the world. Deterrence and investigation of criminal activity, especially relating to organized crime,

5406-424: The Hudson, including Nyack and Piermont , are known for their vibrant dining and art scenes. 30% of Rockland's land area is designated parkland with impressive scenery, which attracts many visitors from the tristate area. In recent years, the high cost of housing in the Lower Hudson Valley, plus increased remote working opportunities, has caused some to move further north into the Mid Hudson Valley. Historically,

5508-463: The Kill Van Kull to Port Newark-Elizabeth Marine Terminal , where it is consolidated for easier automated transfer to land conveyance. As a consequence, the waterfront industries of the Harbor experienced a decline leading to diverse plans for revitalization, though important maritime uses remain at Red Hook , Port Jersey , MOTBY , Constable Hook , and parts of the Staten Island shore. Liberty State Park opened in 1976. In recent years, it has become

5610-467: The Lower Hudson Valley is centered around the Hudson River north of New York City and lies within New York State. Westchester and Putnam counties are located on the eastern side of the river, and Rockland and Orange counties are located on the western side of the river. Westchester and Rockland counties are connected by the heavily trafficked New Tappan Zee Bridge , as well as by the Bear Mountain Bridge near their northern ends. Several branches of

5712-480: The New York metropolitan area varies over a wide range from 5a in the highest areas of Dutchess, Monroe, and Ulster Counties to 7b in most of NYC as well as Hudson County from Bayonne up the east side of the Palisades to Route 495, the majority of Nassau County, the north coast of Monmouth County, and Copiague Harbor, Lindenhurst, and Montauk in Suffolk County. Almost all of the metropolitan area receives at least 42 inches (1,070 mm) of precipitation annually, which

5814-418: The North American continent with this climate type. Much of the remainder of the metropolitan area lies in the transition zone from a humid subtropical ( Cfa ) to a humid continental climate ( Dfa ), and it is only the inland, more exurban areas far to the north and west such as Sussex County, New Jersey, that have a January daily average of −3 °C (26.6 °F) or below and are fully humid continental;

5916-484: The Project, regulator permit applications were prepared and submitted to the New York State Department of Public Service (Article VII), the US Army Corps of Engineers New York District (Sections 10/404), the New York Department of Environmental Conservation, the New York Department of State, and the New York Office of General Services. In 2014, Hess relinquished it interest in the plant to ArcLight. which later sold it to Macquarie Infrastructure Company . The current owner,

6018-417: The United States and is a region wholly included within both the U.S. state of New York and the New York metropolitan area. Extending 118 miles east-northeast of Roosevelt Island, Manhattan from New York Harbor into the Atlantic Ocean , the island comprises four counties: Kings and Queens (these form the New York boroughs of Brooklyn and Queens , respectively) to the west; then Nassau and Suffolk to

6120-400: The United States. The freight was ferried across by the competing railroads with small fleets of towboats , barges, and 323 car floats , specially designed barges with rails so cars could be rolled on. New York subsidized this service which undercut rival ports. Major road improvements allowing for trucking and containerization diminished the need. The harbor saw major federal investment at

6222-571: The area and built a settlement on Lower Manhattan Island that was eventually renamed New Amsterdam by Dutch colonists in 1626. In 1664, the area went under English control, and was later renamed New York after King Charles II of England granted the lands to his brother, the Duke of York . As the fur trade expanded further north, New York became a trading hub , which brought in a diverse set of ethnic groups including Africans , Jews , and Portuguese . The island of Manhattan had an extraordinary natural harbor formed by New York Bay (actually

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6324-406: The beaches, gardens, bars, restaurants, and nightclubs. Long Island is served by a network of parkways and expressways , with the Long Island Expressway , Northern State Parkway , and Southern State Parkway being major east–west routes across significant portions of the island. Commuter rail access is provided by the Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA) Long Island Rail Road , one of

6426-424: The beginning of the Walkway over the Hudson in Poughkeepsie. The area is home to the Wappingers Central School District , which the second-largest school district in the state of New York . The Newburgh Waterfront in the City of Newburgh is home to many high-end restaurants. U.S. Route 9 , I-84 , and the Taconic State Parkway all run through Dutchess County. Metro-North Railroad train station, New Hamburg ,

6528-405: The channel to nearly 100 feet (30 m), was begun in April 2012. The harbor contains several islands including Governors Island , near the mouth of the East River, as well Ellis Island , Liberty Island , and Robbins Reef which are supported by a large underwater reef on the New Jersey side of the harbor. The reef was historically one of the largest oyster beds in the world and provided

6630-430: The city economy was hurt by blockades of German U-boats , which limited shipping with Europe. After its population peaked in 1950, a significant portion of the city's population left for the suburbs of New York over the following decades. The effects were a result of white flight . Industry and commerce also declined in this era, with businesses relocating to the suburbs or other regions. The era also saw an increase in

6732-564: The city. Railroad stations such as Grand Central Terminal and Pennsylvania Station helped fuel suburban growth. During the era of the Prohibition , when alcohol was banned nationwide, organized crime grew to supply the high demand for bootleg alcohol. The Broadway Theater District began to develop with the opening of the New York Subway in 1904 and, by the early part of the twentieth century, had been made world-famous as New York's theatrical and entertainment center through popular musical productions like Ziegfeld Follies and Show Boat and

6834-412: The combined statistical area is 13,318 sq mi (34,493 km ), encompassing an ethnically and geographically diverse region. The New York metropolitan area's population is larger than that of the state of New York, and the metropolitan airspace accommodated over 130 million passengers in 2016. As of 2022 , the New York metropolitan area is the largest metropolitan economy in the world , with

6936-507: The completion in 1825 of the Erie Canal New York became the most important transshipping port between Europe and the interior of the United States, as well as coastwise destinations. By about 1840, more passengers and a greater tonnage of cargo came through the port of New York than all other major harbors in the country combined and by 1900 it was one of the great international ports. The Morris Canal carried anthracite and freight from Pennsylvania through New Jersey to its terminus at

7038-436: The construction of housing projects for the city's low-income population under the New York City Housing Authority , coinciding with the destruction of communities to construct interstate highways to link the city with its suburbs. The city, particularly Brooklyn, was dealt a psychological as well as an economic blow with the loss of the iconic Brooklyn Dodgers major-league baseball team, which moved to Los Angeles after

7140-436: The counties of Dutchess , Ulster , and Sullivan , as well as the northern portions of Orange County , with the region's main cities being Poughkeepsie , Newburgh , Kingston , and Beacon . The Walkway over the Hudson , is the second longest pedestrian footbridge in the world. It crosses the Hudson River connecting Poughkeepsie and Highland . The 13 mile-long Dutchess Rail Trail stretches from Hopewell Junction to

7242-418: The country's largest city since 1790. In 1792, the Buttonwood Agreement , made by a group of merchants, created what is now the New York Stock Exchange in Lower Manhattan. Today, many people in the metropolitan area work in this important stock exchange. The Statue of Liberty in New York Harbor greeted millions of immigrants as they came to America by ship in the late 19th and early 20th centuries and

7344-423: The difficulty of the navigation required, since 1694, New York had required all ships to be guided into the harbor by an experienced pilot. The new channel Gedney discovered was 2 feet (0.61 m) deeper, enough of an added margin that fully laden ships could come into the harbor even at slack tide. Gedney's Channel, as it came to be called, was also shorter than the previous channel, another benefit appreciated by

7446-478: The drowned lower river valley of the Hudson River, enclosed by glacial moraines ), the East River , which is a tidal strait , and the Hudson River , all of which merge at the southern tip, from which all later development spread. During the American Revolution , the strategic waterways made New York vitally important as a wartime base for the British navy. Many battles such as the Battle of Long Island and

7548-487: The east. However, most people in the New York metropolitan area (even those living in Queens and Brooklyn) colloquially use the term "Long Island" (or "The Island") exclusively to refer to Nassau County and Suffolk County collectively, which are mainly suburban in character. North of the island is Long Island Sound , across which are the U.S. states of Connecticut and Rhode Island . With a population of 8,063,232 enumerated at

7650-616: The end of the century when Congress passed the Rivers and Harbors Act of 1899 . Over $ 1.2 million of initial funding was appropriated for the dredging of 40-foot-deep (12.2 m) channels at Bay Ridge , Red Hook , and Sandy Hook . The Statue of Liberty ( Liberty Enlightening the World ) stands on Liberty Island in the harbor, while the nearby main port of entry at Ellis Island processed 12 million arrivals from 1892 to 1954. The Statue of Liberty National Monument , encompassing both islands, recalls

7752-582: The fact that Orient Overseas Investment Limited , a company dominated by a Chinese Communist official, has the operating contract for Howland Hook Marine Terminal . An additional concern is the U.S. Customs "green lane" program, in which trusted shippers have fewer containers inspected, providing easier access for contraband material. The water quality in New York Harbor has been affected by centuries of shipping activity, industrial development and urbanization . Water pollution from these sources has been

7854-408: The flagship campuses of the largest public universities systems at SUNY Stony Brook and Rutgers ; and globally-ranked New York University , Rockefeller University , and Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory . The counties and county groupings constituting the New York metropolitan area are listed below, with 2010 census figures: The U.S. Office of Management and Budget utilizes two definitions of

7956-454: The glow of city lights, and attacked with relative impunity, in spite of U.S. naval concentrations within the Harbor. Casualties included the tankers Coimbria off Sandy Hook and Norness off Long Island. New York Harbor, as the major convoy embarkation point for the U.S., was effectively a staging area in the Battle of the Atlantic , with the U.S. Merchant Marine losses of 1 of 26 mariners,

8058-460: The green isles which rise from its bosom, like guardian centinels of the fair city, the setting sun stretched his horizontal beams farther and farther at each moment, as if to point out to us some new glory in the landscape. In 1824 the first American drydock was completed on the East River. Because of its location and depth, the Port grew rapidly with the introduction of steamships ; and then with

8160-452: The immediate Long Island Sound and Atlantic coasts), up to in excess of 27 days (inland suburbs in New Jersey) each summer and may exceed 100 °F (38 °C). Normally, warm to hot temperatures begin in mid-May, and last through early October. Summers also feature passing thundershowers which build in the heat of the day and then drop brief, but intense, rainfall. Winters are cold with

8262-423: The kind more beautiful than the harbour of New York. Various and lovely are the objects which meet the eye on every side, but the naming them would only be to give a list of words, without conveying the faintest idea of the scene. I doubt if ever the pencil of Turner could do it justice, bright and glorious as it rose upon us. We seemed to enter the harbour of New York upon waves of liquid gold, and as we darted past

8364-461: The largest cities of that state: Newark , Jersey City , Paterson , and Elizabeth . The region is geographically diverse with wetlands , mountains, and valleys throughout the area. It has a large network of expressways and public transportation rail services, mostly operated by New Jersey Transit . Northern New Jersey also contains the second busiest airport in the New York metropolitan area, Newark Liberty International Airport . Although it

8466-731: The largest commuter railroads in the United States. Air travel needs are served by several airports. Within Queens, the island is home to John F. Kennedy International Airport and LaGuardia Airport , two of the three major airline hubs serving the New York area (with Newark Liberty International Airport being the third; all three major airports are operated by The Port Authority of New York & New Jersey). Long Island MacArthur Airport (serving commercial airlines) and Farmingdale/Republic Airport (private and commuter flights) are both located in Suffolk County. Known for its hilly terrain , picturesque settings, and quaint small towns and villages ,

8568-524: The metropolitan area is New York City, the most populous city in the United States and has been described as the capital of the world . The city consists of five boroughs , each of which is coterminous with a county of New York State . The five boroughs – Brooklyn , Queens , Manhattan , the Bronx , and Staten Island – were consolidated into a single city in 1898. With a Census-estimated population of 8,335,897 in 2022 (8,467,513 in 2021 ), distributed over

8670-454: The modern Verrazzano-Narrows Bridge 's approach viaduct in Brooklyn. He also observed what he believed to be a large freshwater lake to the north (apparently Upper New York Bay). He apparently did not travel north to observe the existence of the Hudson River. In 1609 Henry Hudson entered the Harbor and explored a stretch of the river that now bears his name. His journey prompted others to explore

8772-566: The mouth of the Hudson in Jersey City . Portions in the harbor are now part of Liberty State Park . In 1870, the city established the Department of Docks to systematize waterfront development, with George B. McClellan as the first engineer in chief. By the turn of the 20th century numerous railroad terminals lined the western banks of the North River (Hudson River) in Hudson County, New Jersey , transporting passengers and freight from all over

8874-474: The nation's total population, as of 2020. The combined statistical area includes 23.6 million residents as of 2020. It is one of the largest urban agglomerations in the world. The New York metropolitan area continues to be the premier gateway for legal immigration to the United States , having the largest foreign-born population of any metropolitan region in the world. The metropolitan statistical area covers 6,720 sq mi (17,405 km ) while

8976-724: The north shore, the Gold Coast of Long Island , featured in the film The Great Gatsby , is an upscale section of Nassau and western Suffolk counties that once featured many lavish mansions built and inhabited by wealthy business tycoons in the earlier years of the 20th century, of which only a few remain preserved as historic sites. The East End of Long Island (known as the "Twin Forks" because of its physical shape) boasts open spaces for farmland and wineries . The South Fork, in particular, comprises numerous towns and villages known collectively as " The Hamptons " and has an international reputation as

9078-610: The only U.S. state capital within the New York metropolitan area), Princeton (home to the Ivy League Princeton University ), and New Brunswick (home of Rutgers University 's main New Brunswick campus, the largest university in New Jersey). The region also encompasses a significant portion of the Jersey Shore , including the cities of Red Bank , Long Branch , and Asbury Park . Major transportation links include

9180-407: The opening of multiple large, extravagantly decorated theatres in the area spanning Broadway from 47th to 42nd Streets. The Great Depression suspended the region's fortunes as a period of widespread unemployment and poverty began. City planner Robert Moses began his automobile-centered career of building bridges, parkways , and later expressways across the tri-state area. During World War II,

9282-534: The past, though a direct hit is rare. Several areas on Long Island, New Jersey, and the Connecticut coast have been impacted by serious storm surges in the past. Inland areas have been impacted by heavy rain and flooding from tropical cyclones. The New York metropolitan area averages 234 days with at least some sunshine and 59% of possible sunlight annually, accumulating 2,400 to 2,800 hours of sunshine per annum. The geographical, cultural, and economic center of

9384-548: The period of massive immigration to the United States at the turn of the 20th century While many stayed in the region, others spread across America, with more than 10 million leaving from the nearby Central Railroad of New Jersey Terminal . After the war, the 1919 New York City Harbor Strike by the Marine Workers Union shut down the port for weeks. It started on January 9 and was paused on January 13 for arbitration. The strike resumed March 4 after workers rejected

9486-434: The region and engage in trade with the local population. The first permanent European settlement was started on Governors Island in 1624, and in Brooklyn eight years after that; soon these were connected by ferry operation. The colonial Dutch Director-General of New Netherland , Peter Stuyvesant , ordered construction of the first wharf on the Manhattan bank of the lower East River sheltered from winds and ice, which

9588-424: The region and nation's history. The attacks killed nearly 3,000 people as two planes crashed into the former World Trade Center and caused the towers to collapse. Businesses led an exodus from Lower Manhattan because of this but were replaced by an increased number of high-rise residences and a building boom in New York continues to this day. In 2003, another blackout occurred, the 2003 North America blackout , but

9690-466: The region was inhabited by Native Americans , predominantly the Lenape , and others. The Native Americans used the abundant waterways in the area for many purposes, such as fishing and trade routes. Sailing for France in 1524, Giovanni da Verrazzano was the first European to enter the local waters and encounter the residents, but he did not make landfall. Henry Hudson , sailing for the Dutch in 1609, visited

9792-469: The ship owners and the merchants they sold to. Gedney received the praise of the city, as well as an expensive silver service . In her 1832 book Domestic Manners of the Americans , Fanny Trollope wrote of her impressions upon entering New York Harbor for the first time: I have never seen the bay of Naples , I can therefore make no comparison, but my imagination is incapable of conceiving any thing of

9894-520: The top ten richest places in America, according to Bloomberg . These are Scarsdale, New York ; Short Hills, New Jersey ; Old Greenwich, Connecticut ; Bronxville, New York ; and Darien, Connecticut . The New York metropolitan region's higher education network comprises hundreds of colleges and universities, including campuses of four Ivy League universities : Columbia , Princeton , Yale , and Cornell (at Cornell Tech and Weill Cornell Medicine );

9996-484: The urbanized area: the metropolitan statistical area (MSA) and the combined statistical area (CSA). The MSA definition is titled the New York-Newark-Jersey City, NY-NJ-PA Metropolitan Statistical Area , and includes a population of 20.3 million people by 2017 Census estimates, roughly 1 in 16 Americans and nearly 7 million more than the second-place Los Angeles metropolitan area in the United States. The MSA

10098-578: The valley was home to many factories, including paper mills, but a significant number have closed. After years of lingering pollution, cleanup efforts to improve the Hudson River water quality are currently planned and will be supervised by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The Mid-Hudson Valley region of the State of New York is midway between New York City and the state capital of Albany . The area includes

10200-479: The various harbor regions, although there has been a general lowering trend in total nitrogen, and some other indicator parameters show improvements. The implementation of the Clean Water Act and related pollution control laws, along with cleanup programs and conservation measures throughout the region, have begun to yield some improvements since the 1970s. The study authors state that "the New York Harbor ecosystem

10302-650: Was completed late in 1648 and called Schreyers Hook Dock (near what is now Pearl and Broad Streets). This prepared New York as a leading port for the British colonies and then within the newly independent United States . In 1686, the British colonial officials gave the municipality control over the waterfront. In 1835, Lieutenant Thomas Gedney of the Survey of the Coast (renamed the United States Coast Survey in 1836 and

10404-524: Was little reported social unrest during the Northeast Blackout of 1965 , but the New York City Blackout of 1977 led to massive rioting, looting, and arson in some parts of the city. In addition, the 1970s recession crippled traditional industries such as manufacturing in the New York City region. A rare positive highlight of the period was the completion of the original World Trade Center ,

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