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45-499: Bayham ( 2011 Population : 6,989) is a municipality in the southeast corner of Elgin County , Ontario , Canada . It is south of the town of Tillsonburg and Oxford County . Bayham was named in 1810 for Viscount Bayham Charles Pratt, a friend of land grant recipient Colonel Talbot . The township was incorporated on January 1, 1850. The villages of Port Burwell and Vienna were incorporated as separate municipalities and separated from

90-718: A country in which they could be legally owned. Orders in Council were controversially used in 2004 to overturn a court ruling in the United Kingdom that held that the exile of the Chagossians from the British Indian Ocean Territory (BIOT) was unlawful. Initially, the High Court in 2006 held that these Orders in Council were unlawful: "The suggestion that a minister can, through the means of an order in council, exile

135-454: A decline of total respondents from 94% to 50%. Consequently, they expect a "substantial risk of non-response bias" and plan to "[adapt their] data collection and other procedures to mitigate as much as possible against these risks." The response rate also led them to predict an increased risk of sampling errors , because only 16% of the Canadian population would be surveyed, as opposed to 19% under

180-604: A mandatory long-form similar to the one in 2006. The government announced in August 2010 that it would spend $ 30 million on a campaign aimed at increasing the response rate to the voluntary form, but information released by Statistics Canada in December 2010 revealed that half of this money would be required for tasks unrelated to the promotional campaign. Criticism of the National Household Survey re-emerged in 2013 following

225-411: A population of 7,096 living in 2,264 of its 2,435 total private dwellings, a change of -4.1% from its 2016 population of 7,396 . With a land area of 244.6 km (94.4 sq mi), it had a population density of 29.0/km (75.1/sq mi) in 2021. Canada 2011 Census The Statistics Act mandates a Senate and/or House of Commons (joint) committee review of the opt-in clause (for

270-479: A resolution of either the lower house ( House of Commons in the UK and Canada or House of Representatives in the other realms) or the upper house ( House of Lords in the UK or Senate in other realms) ('negative resolution procedure'), or require to be approved by a resolution of either or, exceptionally, both houses ('affirmative resolution procedure'). That said, the use of Orders in Council has been extended more recently, as

315-689: A voluntary survey can become a substitute for a mandatory census. It cannot. The National Citizens Coalition and the Fraser Institute supported the change. There were groups against the change from all parts of the political spectrum, and including the Federation of Canadian Municipalities ; Atlantic Provinces Economic Council ; City of Toronto government ; National Statistics Council ; Canadian Jewish Congress ; Evangelical Fellowship of Canada ; Canadian Conference of Catholic Bishops ; Canadian Medical Association ; Statistical Society of Canada ;

360-527: A whole population from a British Overseas Territory and claim that he is doing so for the ' peace, order and good government ' of the territory is to us repugnant." The UK government's first appeal failed, with the Court of Appeal holding that the decision had been unlawfully taken by a government minister "acting without any constraint". However, the government successfully appealed to the House of Lords , which overturned

405-489: A wish to destroy a useful tool for social advocacy, by making it harder to identify and count disadvantaged groups. However, the Conservative government maintains that its reasoning for the cancellation is that they do not believe it is appropriate to force Canadians to divulge detailed personal information under threat of prosecution. On October 20, 2010, Statistics Canada predicted that a voluntary long-form would result in

450-616: Is a type of legislation in many countries, especially the Commonwealth realms . In the United Kingdom , this legislation is formally made in the name of the monarch by and with the advice and consent of the Privy Council ( King-in-Council ), but in other countries the terminology may vary. Orders-in-Council are distinct from Orders of Council , which are made in the name of the Council without sovereign approval. There are two principal types of order in council: orders in council whereby

495-575: The 2006 census . Ontario and Prince Edward Island each held the highest response rate at 98.3%, while Nunavut held the lowest response rate at 92.7%. In an article in the New York Times in August 2015, journalist Stephen Marche argued that by ending the mandatory long-form census in 2011, the federal government "stripped Canada of its capacity to gather information about itself" in the "age of information." Nearly 500 organizations in Canada, including

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540-661: The American Statistical Association ; Registered Nurses Association of Ontario ; Canadian Conference of the Arts ; and the governments of Ontario, Quebec , New Brunswick , Prince Edward Island, and Manitoba . On July 19, 2010, representatives from several institutions signed a letter expressing their disapproval of the change and their desire to speak to Clement to find another solution. The organizations represented were: A House of Commons industry committee special hearing on July 27, 2010 heard that during

585-539: The Brian Mulroney government on 21 November 1988 created Amex Bank of Canada, a Canadian banking subsidiary of American Express , although federal banking policy at the time would not ordinarily have permitted such an establishment by a foreign company. In July 2004 and August 2006, Orders in Council were used to deny a passport to Abdurahman Khadr , a member of the Khadr family who had previously been held in detention by

630-640: The Scotland Act 1998 provides that draft Orders in Council may be laid before the Scottish Parliament in certain circumstances in the same way as they would have been laid before the Westminster Parliament. From 2007, legislation put before the Welsh Assembly is enacted through Orders in Council after following the affirmative resolution procedure. An Order in Council of this type usually has

675-616: The British Empire entered World War I on the Allied side, an Order in Council was made in Canada for the registration and in certain cases for the internment of aliens of "enemy nationality". Between 1914 and 1920, 8,579 "enemy aliens" were detained in internment camps. During the Second World War , the Soviet newspaper Trud accused poet and university professor Watson Kirkconnell , who

720-737: The Canadian Medical Association, the Canadian Chamber of Commerce, the Canadian Federation of Students, and the Canadian Catholic Council of Bishops protested the decision to replace the long form census in 2011 with a shorter version. The original schedule of the short-form questions for the 2011 Census of Population was published in the Canada Gazette , Part I on August 21, 2010. The 2011 census consisted of

765-694: The Civil Service , which, however, allowed for some exceptions, such as national security. A given prerogative order therefore may or may not be subject to judicial review, depending on its nature. In this second case, an order in council is merely another form of statutory instrument (in the UK, regulated by the Statutory Instruments Act 1946 ), albeit subject to more formalities than a simple statutory instrument. Like all statutory instruments, they may simply be required to be laid before both Houses of Parliament, or they may be annulled in pursuance of

810-659: The Conservative government announced that the long-form questionnaire would no longer be mandatory. This decision was made by the June 17, 2010 Order in Council , created by the Minister of Industry, defining the questions for the 2011 census as including only the short-form questions. This was published in the Canada Gazette on June 26, 2010; however, a news release was not issued by Minister of Industry Tony Clement until July 13, 2010. This release stated in part "The government will retain

855-412: The Conservative government's change in policy. In a public letter, Sheikh wrote that he could not legally comment on what advice he had given the government regarding the census, but he did comment against the government's decision, writing: I want to take this opportunity to comment on a technical statistical issue which has become the subject of media discussion. This relates to the question of whether

900-520: The High Court and Court of Appeal decisions ( R v Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs, ex parte Bancoult (No 2) ). The Law Lords decided that the validity of an order in council made under the prerogative legislating for a colony was amenable to judicial review. Also, it was not for the courts to substitute their judgement for that of the Secretary of State as to what was conducive to

945-653: The King-in-Council exercises the royal prerogative , and orders in council made in accordance with an act of Parliament . In the United Kingdom, orders are formally made by the monarch with the advice of the Privy Council ( King-in-Council or Queen-in-Council ). In Canada, federal orders in council are made in the name of the Governor General by the King's Privy Council for Canada ; provincial orders-in-council are of

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990-549: The Lieutenant-Governor-in-Council by the provincial Executive Council . In other places in name of the governor by the executive council ( Governor-in-Council , Governor-General-in-Council , etc.). In New Zealand, the orders in council, undertaken by the Executive Council , are required to give effect to the government's decisions. Apart from acts of Parliament, orders in council are the main method by which

1035-678: The United States at Guantanamo Bay , on the grounds of national security. The first was overturned on judicial review by the Federal Court as, at the time of his application, national security was not included as a ground for refusal in the Canadian Passport Order , which was since amended to include the ground. In July 2017, the government of Canada used an Order in Council to strip ex-Nazi interpreter Helmut Oberlander of his Canadian citizenship. On May 1, 2020, an Order in Council

1080-410: The census, and pointed out that the threat could be removed entirely by amending the legislation so that incarceration is no longer a penalty for refusal to complete the census. In response, the government announced plans to introduce legislation to remove the threat of jail time for anyone refusing to fill out any mandatory government surveys. Some groups have argued that the decision was motivated by

1125-447: The change to voluntary forms was made because of privacy-related complaints, though he acknowledged that the decision was made without consulting organizations and governments that work closely with Statistics Canada. Clement had previously said that this change was made on the advice of Statistics Canada. The move was criticized by a number of organizations and individuals and was the subject of some satirical articles. Ivan Fellegi ,

1170-679: The closure of burial grounds under the Burial Act 1853 , approval of statutes made by Oxford or Cambridge colleges under the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge Act 1923 , and the appointment of HM Inspectors of Education, Children's Services and Skills under the Education and Inspections Act 2006 . Under the Government of Wales Act 2006 , royal assent to Measures of the National Assembly for Wales

1215-453: The data from the previous long-form census questionnaire. Various industry professionals indicated that the data collected by the NHS is not comparable with the data previously collected by the long form questionnaire. Many of the same professionals indicated that the data gathered by a voluntary survey would not be of the same quality as the previous mandatory long form. Ahead of the 2011 census,

1260-458: The decision of a higher court on appeal. In the rest of the Commonwealth they are used to carry out any decisions made by the cabinet and the executive that would not need to be approved by Parliament . It was long thought that prerogative orders, being primary legislation, were not subject to judicial review . This was reversed in the 1985 case Council of Civil Service Unions v Minister for

1305-751: The election of the liberal government of Justin Trudeau , the Minister of Innovation, Science and Economic Development introduced in the House of Commons Bill C-36, An Act to Amend the Statistics Act on December 7, 2016. The amendments were passed by Royal Assent on December 13, 2017. The Government of Canada press release stated that the amendments were made to the Statistics Act to "ensure that decisions on statistical matters are transparent and are based on professional considerations." One day after its election in November 2015,

1350-531: The following form: "His Majesty, in pursuance of [relevant section of primary legislation], is pleased, by and with the advice of His Privy Council, to order, and it is hereby ordered, as follows:" Section 20(1) of the Civil Contingencies Act 2004 allows the King in Council to exercise a measure of legislative power in the event of an emergency. Other matters dealt with by statutory Orders in Council include

1395-687: The former Chief Statistician of Canada , originally appointed in 1985 by the Progressive Conservative government of Brian Mulroney, said that he would have quit his job if the government had taken this change during his tenure. He claims that those who are most vulnerable (such as the poor, new immigrants, and Aboriginal peoples) are least likely to respond to a voluntary form, which weakens information about those demographic groups. Munir Sheikh , Fellegi's successor as Chief Statistician appointed by Conservative Prime Minister Stephen Harper on February 15, 2008, resigned on July 21, 2010 in protest of

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1440-475: The government implements decisions that need legal force. An order in council made under the royal prerogative does not depend on any statute for its authority, although an act of Parliament may change this. This type has become less common with the passage of time, as statutes encroach on areas that used to form part of the royal prerogative. Matters which still fall within the royal prerogative and hence are regulated by (prerogative) orders in council include

1485-452: The long-form census would impact language-related government services. In addition to possible questions on activity limitation, various organizations called for the following changes to the 2011 census: The National Household Survey (NHS) began within four weeks of the May 2011 census and included approximately 4.5 million households. The information collected by the NHS was intended to replace

1530-500: The mandatory short form that will collect basic demographic information. To meet the need for additional information, and to respect the privacy wishes of Canadians, the government has introduced the voluntary National Household Survey." On July 30, 2010, Statistics Canada published a description of the National Household Survey , intended to be sent to about 4.5 million households. Industry minister Tony Clement stated that

1575-546: The new Liberal government reinstated the mandatory census long form and it was used in the 2016 census. The results of short form were released among five census topics on the following dates in 2012: Farm and farm operator data from the Census of Agriculture was released on May 10, 2012. The release dates of the five NHS topics occur on the following dates in 2013: Order in Council An Order in Council

1620-553: The period from 1972 to 2007, much Northern Ireland legislation was made by order in Council as part of direct rule . This was done under the various Northern Ireland Acts 1974 to 2000, and not by virtue of the royal prerogative. The use of orders in Council during direct rule is classified as "primary legislation" and not "subordinate legislation" according to section 21 of the Human Rights Act 1998 – subordinate legislation continued to be fulfilled by statutory rules . After

1665-407: The previous census, out of approximately 12 million forms, 166 complaints were known to be received directly or indirectly. In answer to Clement's claim that those who do not fill out the census risk jail time, Jack Layton , leader of the national New Democratic Party , noted that in the entire history of the census, the government had not prosecuted and jailed a single person for failing to complete

1710-554: The prorogation of Parliament, royal charters, and the governance of British Overseas Territories . British Orders in Council may occasionally be used to effectively reverse court decisions or enforce British law applicable to British Overseas Territories without involving Parliament such as the Caribbean Territories (Abolition of Death Penalty for Murder) Order 1991 . Within the United Kingdom itself, court decisions can be formally overruled only by an act of Parliament or by

1755-483: The release of one's census records after 92 years) by 2014. The 2011 census was the fifteenth decennial census and, like other censuses, was required by section 8 of the Constitution Act, 1867 . As with other decennial censuses, the data was used to adjust federal electoral district boundaries . As of August 24, 2011, Canada's overall collection response rate was 98.1%, up over a percentage point from 96.5% in

1800-466: The release of the first set of results from the survey. In September 2014, Liberal MP Ted Hsu introduced private member's bill "Bill C-626, An Act to amend the Statistics Act" with the intention of appointing a Chief Statistician and reinstatement of the long-form census in Canada. Despite wide support as often happens with private bills, this failed (at Second Reading), in February 2015. Following

1845-416: The same eight questions that appeared on the 2006 census short-form questionnaire, with the addition of two questions on language. The federal Minister of Industry Tony Clement 's announcement that questions about language would appear on the mandatory short-form census came in response to a lawsuit brought by the Federation of Francophone and Acadian Communities , which claimed that the voluntary status of

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1890-416: The township in 1949 and 1853 respectively. In 1998, Bayham was re-amalgamated with Port Burwell and Vienna and Eden to form an expanded Municipality of Bayham. The municipality comprises the communities of Corinth, Eden, Froggetts Corners, North Hall, Port Burwell , Richmond, Springer's Hill, Straffordville, Vienna and Wadger. In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada , Bayham had

1935-518: Was given by Order in Council, but this is not done by statutory instrument but in a form similar to that of a prerogative order. The National Assembly became the Senedd (Welsh Parliament; Welsh : Senedd Cymru ) in 2020, at the same time gaining the competence to pass Acts of Senedd Cymru , assent to which is given by letters patent without requiring the involvement of the Privy Council. For most of

1980-510: Was known to be both a Ukrainophile and a publicist of human rights abuses under Stalinism , of being "the Führer of Canadian Fascism ". It is now well documented that Canadian Prime Minister Mackenzie King seriously considered acting to protect the Soviet-Canadian military alliance against Nazi Germany by silencing Kirkconnell with an Order-in-Council. An Order in Council made by

2025-544: Was used to declare over 1,500 models of firearm to be prohibited weapons, in response to the 2020 Nova Scotia attacks . The order immediately nullified the existing registrations of ownership for all the weapons it affected, making it illegal for owners to possess, use, transport, or sell them except in a few limited circumstances. A second Order in Council was simultaneously passed declaring an amnesty period until April 30, 2022, in which time owners of newly-prohibited firearms could have them deactivated, destroyed, or exported to

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