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19-456: The farmstead was built by German immigrant Andreas Bausman, after his arrival in Pennsylvania in 1755. The complex includes a brick dwelling with summer kitchen, bank barn , stone still house, and Bausman Mansion. The brick farmhouse is a 1 1/2-story, four bay wide brick dwelling with a 2-story rear ell built in 1836. The summer kitchen is attached to the west of the rear wing and attached by

38-403: A tack room or workshop, and the basement was used for manure management and other tasks. The New England barn, developed in the early 19th century, became the most popular barn type after 1850, replacing the smaller, side-entry English barn and are almost always square rule framing. Similar barns are also found in upstate New York and westward Canada. The design of some bank barns is called

57-404: A "high-drive bank barn" allowed wagons to enter directly into the hay loft, making unloading the hay easier. Sometimes the high-drive was accessed by an earthen or wood ramp, and sometimes the ramp was covered like a bridge to make it more durable. In the Pennsylvania barns, the animals were housed on the basement level. In many other bank barns, the tie-ups were on the upper-ground level, and below

76-560: A brick infill section. The brick bank barn was built in 1869. The stone still house is dated to 1775. The Bausman Mansion was built in 1879, and is a 2 1/2-story, brick dwelling in the Late Victorian style. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1994. In 2020 property was bought by Russia Insider editor Charles Bausman , whose ancestors owned the farmstead. Bank barn A bank barn or banked barn

95-465: A central threshing area with hay or corn (cereal) storage bays on either side on the upper floor; and byres, stables, cartshed, or other rooms below. Double doors entered the threshing barn on the upper floor in the long wall approached from a raised bank: these banks could be artificially created. Opposite the main doors was a small winnowing door that opened high above the farmyard level. A common arrangement had an open-fronted single bay cartshed below

114-441: A hayloft is to create small bundles of hay (1–4 cubic feet), then hoist them up using a block and tackle —in this case a hay elevator to the room. This allows for more efficiency when moving hay around. The difference between a hayloft and a mow is significant. A mow is exposed to the weather, only elevated on a small platform off the ground. This is often used for drying hay. A hayloft is used for more permanent storage of hay. It

133-506: A popular 19th-century barn style in the US. These structures were sometimes called "basement barns" because of their exposed basement story. In the Pennsylvania barn , the upper floor was a hayloft and the lower a stable area. The barn doors were typically on the sidewall. With William Penn's promise of freedom and inexpensive land, many settlers came to Pennsylvania. Among these settlers were

152-478: Is a style of barn noted for its accessibility, at ground level, on two separate levels. Often built into the side of a hill or bank, the upper and the lower floors could be accessed from ground level, one area at the top of the hill and the other at the bottom. The second level of a bank barn could also be accessed from a ramp if a hill was unavailable. Examples of bank barns can be found in the United Kingdom, in

171-408: Is filled with loose hay from the top of a wagon , thrown up through a large door, usually some 3 metres (10 ft) or more above the ground, often in the gable end of the building. Some haylofts have slots or holes (sometimes with hatches), each above a hay-rack or manger in the animal housing below. The hay could easily be dropped through the holes to feed the animals. Another method of using

190-401: Is sheltered from the weather and where a modern-day attic would be. A struggle in any type of keeping hay is that it must be totally dry. Otherwise, when piled up in a hayloft, it will start to compost . The insulation provided by the other hay ensures that thermophilic bacteria involved in the decomposition will be at their ideal temperature, thus turning the good hay into the dirt. That

209-661: The Germans, who began to build bank barns on their land. Many other settlers followed this practice, and it was soon the most common type of barn in Pennsylvania during the colonial era. The Pennsylvania Barn is a specific type of bank barn with a forebay, a projecting floor on one or more sides of the barn. All forebay barns are bank barns, but not all bank barns are forebay barns. Robert F. Ensminger, in his book The Pennsylvania barn: its origin, evolution, and distribution in North America , identifies three basic types of Pennsylvania barn:

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228-515: The Sweitzer, standard, and extended. The English Lake District bank barn is another type found only in Pennsylvania. The New England barn is from a different tradition than the Pennsylvania Barn. In New England, the barn doors are always on the gable end. The cows were on the main level, hay in a mow on the main level and/or above in haylofts, possibly grain storage on the main level, sometimes

247-851: The United States, in eastern Canada, in Norway, in the Dordogne in France, and in Umbria , Italy, amongst other places. Bank barns are especially common in the upland areas of Britain, in Northumberland and Cumbria in northern England and in Devon in the southwest. The origins of bank barns in the UK are obscure. The bank barn had made its first appearance in Cumbria by the 1660s on

266-482: The area above, easily accessed by wagon because of the bank, could be used for feed and grain storage. Bank barns can be considered English barns raised on an exposed full basement. Hayloft A hayloft is a space above a barn , stable or cow-shed , traditionally used for storage of hay or other fodder for the animals below. Haylofts were used mainly before the widespread use of very large hay bales , which allow simpler handling of bulk hay. The hayloft

285-546: The bank barn is also found in Devon and Cornwall where the upper floor is accessed by external stone steps rather than the hillside or a ramp. The architectural historian Ronald Brunskill states that, although the British examples are older, the term "bank barn" is an imported term "to describe a type of farm building which is so common in certain parts of Britain that it has developed no descriptive term of its own". Bank barns were

304-473: The farms of wealthy farmers: here, farmers bought drove cattle from Scotland and fattened them over winter before selling them in spring. The bank barn at Townend Farm, Troutbeck in former Cumberland , was built for the prominent Browne family in 1666. The great majority of bank barns were built in Cumbria between 1750 and 1860, and the last were built just before World War I . Usually stone-built, British bank barns are rectangular buildings. They usually have

323-408: The side walls and backed onto a central manure passage. In other bank barns in Cumbria, the side walls entrances gave access to a cow-house, stable, and cartshed; some 19th-century examples have four-horse stables, root houses (for storage of root crops for fodder), and feeding and dung passages for the cows. As well as the true bank barns that occur in a small concentration in Devon, a variation on

342-458: The stables, a basement usually acted as a manure collection area. Many bank barns have a small incline leading up to the loft area instead of a ramp. Some bank barns are constructed directly into existing hillsides, while others are fitted with built-up earthen and stone areas to create the characteristic bank. The design is similar to English barns except for the bank and basement aspects. The basement space could be utilized for animals while

361-517: The threshing floor, with stables on one side and a cow-house on the other. The entrances to these lower floor rooms were protected from above in many cases by a continuous canopy, or pentise carried on timber or stone beams cantilevered from the main wall. Brick-built bank barns are less common. In the 1660s, Sir Daniel Fleming of Rydal Hall in the Lake District housed 44 cattle in his 74 feet (23 m) long bank barn at Low Park. The cattle faced

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