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23-478: Allotriognathi Bathysomi Lampridiformes ( lapsus ?) Lampriformes / ˈ l æ m p r ɪ f ɔːr m iː z / is an order of ray-finned fish . Members are collectively called lamprids (which is more properly used for the Lampridae ) or lampriforms , and unite such open- ocean and partially deep-sea Teleostei as the crestfishes , oarfish , opahs , and ribbonfishes . A synonym for this order

46-477: A lapsus represents a bungled act that hides an unconscious desire: “the phenomena can be traced back to incompletely suppressed psychical material...pushed away by consciousness”. Jacques Lacan would thoroughly endorse the Freudian interpretation of unconscious motivation in the slip, arguing that “in the lapsus it is...clear that every unsuccessful act is a successful, not to say 'well-turned', discourse”. In

69-591: Is Allotriognathi , while an often-seen, but apparently incorrect, spelling variant is Lampridiformes . They contain seven extant families which are generally small but highly distinct, and a mere 12 lampriform genera with some 20 species altogether are recognized. They are the only extant members of the superorder Lamprimorpha , which was formerly diverse throughout much of the Late Cretaceous . The scientific name literally means "shaped (like the) bright (one)", as "lampr-", meaning bright, comes from lampris ,

92-501: Is apomorphic and seems to have evolved only once. The order underwent its main radiation in the Paleocene period; the opah-like Turkmenidae were a family of lampriforms thriving at that time, but going extinct around the start of the Neogene , about 23 Mya. Other fossil Lampridiformes are Bajaichthys , Palaeocentrotus , and Veronavelifer . The order is occasionally divided into

115-566: Is a superorder of bony fishes in the class Actinopterygii . Members of this superorder are sometimes called ray-finned fishes for the characteristic sharp, bony rays in their fins; however this name is often given to the class Actinopterygii as a whole. The superorder Acanthopterygii contains the following orders: Figure 1 shows two very different hypotheses or interpretations, in the form of cladograms, of relationships among acanthopterygians, spiny-rayed fishes: Figure A from Nelson (2006) and B from Johnson and Patterson (1993B). Both agree on

138-585: Is a commendation to their outstanding suite of adaptations that they are in general acknowledged as a coherent group (Figure 2). Generalities beyond question can be made concerning the group in its entirety as well as the essential qualities that define the group, even though discussions and debates concerning taxonomic position and relationships among the different families and orders abounds. A number of families of acanthopterygians share two chief and principal innovations[1] 1.       In this group, protractibility and upper jaw movement are predominant. This

161-500: Is attained by pharyngeal dentition and action. In the pharyngeal apparatus, a redistribution of the muscles and bones’ attachments aids the pharyngeal apparatus. The retractor dorsalis muscle[3] now placed on the 3rd pharyngobranchial curve, pharyngeal jaws that are on the upper are likewise kept up essentially by the 2nd and 3rd epibranchial bones. Acanthopterygians likewise usually have: ctenoid scales; an evidently symmetrical tail fin kept up by fused basal elements; maxilla excluded from

184-448: Is attained through the process known as ascending process or the progress and development of a dorsal extension of the premaxilla's anterior tip. This ascending process moves smoothly beside the rostral cartilage hitting the upper jaw further and down. A camlike link between the maxilla and premaxilla aids protrusion, wherein the maxilla rotates and helps push the premaxilla forward[2] 2.       The highest level of development

207-415: Is long, and tends to extend along most of the length of the body. Fin spines are absent in all. Some have a physoclistous gas bladder , while others have none. They either have tiny scales or naked skin. The Lampriformes are anatomically similar to some Acanthopterygii at a first glance, but more detailed studies reveal they are not as advanced, and many authors assign them to a basal position inside

230-427: The maxilla from the gape, but the jaws are highly protrusible, nonetheless. The upper jaw's protrusion is achieved in a unique way: the maxilla, instead of being ligamentously attached to the ethmoid and palatine , slides in and out with the highly protractile premaxilla. The pelvic fins have up to 17 rays and are placed rather far toward the front of the animal, but they can be missing entirely. The dorsal fin

253-626: The Bathysomi and the Taeniosomi. The former are a paraphyletic assemblage, thus effectively synonymous with the entire order, while the latter can be considered a valid suborder . Including fossil taxa, the classification of the Lampriformes in phylogenetic sequence, with the number of living genera and species , can thus be given as: Basal and incertae sedis Suborder Taeniosomi Lapsus In 1895 an investigation into verbal slips

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276-470: The Lampriformes among the teleosts are in need of further study. The lampriforms diverged from other teleosts in the Cretaceous , perhaps 80 million years ago (Mya) or slightly more, considering that the oldest-known lampriforms, Nardovelifer , date from the late Campanian epoch and are already clearly assignable to the present order. The basal lampriforms were bathysomes, while the taeniosome body shape

299-532: The advanced spiny- rayed Teleostei clade called Acanthomorpha , as monotypic superorder Lampridiomorpha. Unlike their presumed relatives, they lack fin spines , however, and other authors have considered them to form a lineage just outside the Acanthomorpha, and the sister taxon of the Myctophiformes . Molecular data also support the view that the Lampriformes are close to the advanced Teleostei. But

322-602: The data do not agree on their exact relationships, and the Myctophiformes are also inferred to be close to the Protacanthopterygii , one of the core groups of moderately advanced teleosts. As modern taxonomy tries to avoid a profusion of small taxa , and the delimitation of the Euteleostei ( Protacanthopterygii sensu stricto and their allies) versus Acanthopterygii remains uncertain, the systematics and taxonomy of

345-420: The debate, by maintaining that any given slip can always be explained mechanically without a need for deeper motivation. J. L. Austin had independently seen slips not as revealing a particular complex, but as an ineluctable feature of the human condition, necessitating a continual preparation for excuses and remedial work. Acanthopterygii See text Acanthopterygii (meaning "spiny finned one")

368-524: The gape; a physoclistous gas bladder; anal and pelvic fins with spines; two apparent and evident dorsal fins wherein the first one is spiny while the second one is soft-rayed; pelvic fins located towards the front consisting of one leading spine as well as five or a smaller numbers of soft rays and pectoral fins situated next to the body; and an apparently evenly shaped tail fin assisted by combined or merged basal elements. Several other trends in locomotion, feeding and predator protection identify and distinguish

391-436: The generic name for the opah . In contrast, most other living lampriforms are actually ribbon-like and not very similar to the disc-shaped opahs in habitus . They are, however, quite distinctly united by their anatomy , and the family's phylogeny , as well as the most ancient fossils of this order suggest the original lampriform was rather "opah-shaped". The scientific name is a combination of Lampris (the type genus ) +

414-471: The latter taeniosomes —"ribbon-bodies", Greek tainía (ταινία) "ribbon". They vary greatly in size, too, ranging from less than 30 cm (12 in) in the sailfin moonfishes ( Veliferidae ) to Regalecus glesne , the longest of all living bony fishes , which may reach 17 m (56 ft) in length. The lampriforms have 84 to 96 total vertebrae ; an orbitosphenoid bone is present in some members of this order. Their premaxilla completely excludes

437-459: The major composition of the superorder Acanthopterygii, but significant differences include the placement of the mugiliform mullets and atheriniform silversides at the base of the lineage in A, whereas in B, those groups are considered higher, percomorph taxa.[1] +Because of the extraordinary and remarkable distinctiveness of the fishes that are higher spiny rayed, roughly fourteen thousand eight hundred species in two hundred sixty seven families – it

460-440: The role of familiar associations and similarities of words and sounds in producing the lapsus. Freud objected that such factors did not cause but only " favour slips of the tongue...in the immense majority of cases my speech is not disturbed by the circumstance that the words I am using recall others with a similar sound...or that familiar associations branch off from them (emphasis copied from original)". Timpanaro later reignited

483-407: The seventies Sebastiano Timpanaro would controversially take up the question again, by offering a mechanistic explanation of all such slips, in opposition to Freud's theories. In literature, a number of different types of lapsus are named depending on context: Slips of the tongue can happen on any level: Each of these five types of error may take various forms: Meringer and Mayer highlighted

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506-712: The standard fish order suffix "-formes". It ultimately derives from Ancient Greek lamprós (λαμπρός, "bright") + Latin forma ("external form"), the former in reference to brilliant coloration of opahs. These oceanic fishes are pelagic feeders that stay well above the sea floor , and normally occur in waters 100–1000 m deep. They are typically brightly coloured as adults, often with brilliant crimson fins . Lampriforms have highly variable body forms, but they are generally laterally compressed. Some are rounded in lateral view, while others are very elongated. The former are termed bathysomes —"deep-bodies", from Ancient Greek bathýs (βᾶθύς) "deep" + sōma (σῶμα) "body"—and

529-490: Was undertaken by a philologist and a psychologist, Rudolf Meringer and Karl Mayer , who collected many examples and divided them into separate types. Freud was to become interested in such mistakes from 1897 onwards, developing an interpretation of slips in terms of their unconscious meaning. Subsequently, followers of his like Ernest Jones developed the theme of lapsus in connection with writing, typing, and misprints. According to Freud 's early psychoanalytic theory ,

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