56-651: Bates-Morse Mountain , located in Phippsburg, Maine , is a conservation area owned by the Bates-Morse Mountain Conservation Area Corporation . The terrain encompasses salt marshes and beach, all lined by dense Maine woods. The entirety of the mountain extends from the Sprague River to the Morse River . Seawall Beach is also along the mountain towards the top. The beaches that stretch along
112-641: A Royal Navy frigate to the area, which seized French ships and goods. Tensions there were further raised when Canso was attacked in 1720 by the Mi'kmaq. At a conference in 1720 the Wabanakis agreed to pay 400 fur pelts as restitution for property damage done in Maine, leaving four hostages as surety until the pelts were delivered. Shute also protested the presence of the French Jesuit priest Sebastian Rale , who lived among
168-454: A change of administration in London and a reshuffling of colonial governorships. The Massachusetts and New Hampshire governorships were given to William Burnet , then the governor of New York and New Jersey , and Shute was given a pension. Burnet's brief administration was dominated by an extended attempt by the governor to secure an annual salary. The sudden death of Burnet in 1729 again opened
224-476: A different speaker before Shute was given notice of his election. Shute's disagreements with the assembly also extended to its ability to adjourn for short periods of time. The assembly could only formally be called into session and adjourned by the governor, and provided one means by which the governor could control the assembly; Shute took issue with a temporary adjournment of six days. This dispute combined with his refusal to approve Cooke's appointment prompted
280-711: A flotilla of canoes and encamped on Lee Island. But in summer of 1723 during Dummer's War , the Norridgewocks and 250 of their Indian allies from Canada , incited by the French missionary Sebastien Rale , attacked the area. Again it was deserted, with the stone fort destroyed. Governor William Dummer 's Treaty of 1725 restored peace, and in 1737 an attempt was made to resettle Cape Small Point. The boundaries of Georgetown-on-Arrowsic were enlarged to encompass most of present-day Phippsburg, Bath (which then included West Bath ), Woolwich and Georgetown . Slow resettlement of
336-586: A hoax by academics. The three stones were found by Walter J. Elliot, Jr., a carpenter from Bath, Maine . The runestones are now in the possession of the Maine State Museum in Augusta, Maine . According to the United States Census Bureau , the town has a total area of 71.20 square miles (184.41 km ), of which 28.58 square miles (74.02 km ) is land and 42.62 square miles (110.39 km )
392-509: A male householder with no wife present, and 30.9% were non-families. Of all households 24.0% were made up of individuals, and 9.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.30 and the average family size was 2.67. The median age in the town was 49.8 years. 16.5% of residents were under the age of 18; 6.1% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 19.4% were from 25 to 44; 36.5% were from 45 to 64; and 21.5% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of
448-793: A native of Woolwich. Between 1842 and 1890, wooden ships were built at Phippsburg. It also had numerous tidal mills . Fort Popham was built during the Civil War to guard the mouth of the Kennebec, on the site of a much smaller battery built in 1808. It became the control center for an underwater minefield in the 1890s. The more modern Fort Baldwin was built between 1905 and 1912 and was garrisoned in both World Wars. In 1891 Phippsburg ceded Ragged Island to Harpswell , but in 1917 it further added to its roster of islands by annexing nine Casco Bay islands including Bushy, Hen, Bear, Malaga, Burnt Coat, Black Snake, Wood, Little Wood, and Gooseberry Islands. Malaga
504-511: A number of Presbyterian families seeking to emigrate. Shute favorably received the emissary, and several ships with migrants arrived in August 1718. They eventually settled in New Hampshire, where they founded the town of Londonderry . This was the beginning of a major wave of Scotch-Irish migration to both New Hampshire and Massachusetts. Shute also made other grants of townships in land that
560-571: A part of their Community-Engaged Learning Program. Due to overall size, the site is frequently used by other Maine schools such as Bowdoin College for their Nordic Skiing pole walking practices. Phippsburg, Maine Phippsburg is a town in Sagadahoc County , Maine , United States, on the west side of the mouth of the Kennebec River . The population was 2,155 at the 2020 census . It
616-515: A power base that would eventually (after his death) successfully lobby for the separation of the governorships. Shute engaged in a wide array of disputes with the Massachusetts General Court (the provincial assembly) concerning the royal prerogative and other issues. During his administration the assembly successfully expanded its authority at the expense of the governor's, which permanently affected relations between later governors and
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#1733086098182672-529: A regular salary. This was a frequent source of dispute, and it spilled over into other matters: Shute's veto of Cooke's appointment in 1719 resulted in a reduction of his salary grant. The salary issue would continue to be a regular source of disagreement between the provincial assembly and the governor until the Belcher administration of the 1730s. Shute attempted to impose press censorship after Cooke partisans published pamphlets harshly criticizing his policies, but
728-451: Is part of the modern state of New Hampshire . However, much of southwestern New Hampshire was at the time disputed between the two provinces Shute governed, and grants he made in that area went to Massachusetts interests. This upset a number of New Hampshire politicians, notably Lieutenant Governor Wentworth. Wentworth used discontent over these grants, combined with competing ones that he issued himself under New Hampshire authority, to build
784-505: Is water. Connected to Bath by a bridge and causeway over Winnegance Creek and sharing a border with West Bath to the east of Winnegance, Phippsburg is on a peninsula dividing the Kennebec River from Casco Bay in the Gulf of Maine , part of the Atlantic Ocean . Phippsburg is crossed by state routes 209 and 216 . Separated by water, the peninsula is near the towns of Harpswell to
840-531: Is within the Portland – South Portland – Biddeford , Maine, metropolitan statistical area . A tourist destination, Phippsburg is home to Bates -Morse Mountain Conservation Area, Fort Popham State Historic Site ; it is also home to Fort Baldwin which overlooks Fort Popham, and Popham Beach State Park, as well as Pond Island National Wildlife Refuge . The town includes part of Winnegance . Site of
896-511: The Kennebec River , including the construction of block house fortifications on the east side of the Kennebec River. The Wabanakis responded by raiding livestock. Canso, Nova Scotia , a settlement disputed by all three parties but fortified by Nova Scotia and primarily occupied by Massachusetts fishermen, was also a flashpoint for conflict. After receiving complaints of harassment and raids from Canso-based fishermen in 1718, Shute dispatched
952-546: The Popham Colony , Phippsburg was—between 1607 and 1608—the first known English settlement attempt in New England . During its brief existence, colonists built Virginia of Sagadahoc , the first ship in Maine's long history of shipbuilding . The next British settlement at the mouth of the Kennebec River began in 1653; Thomas Atkins, a fisherman , purchased from the sachem Mowhotiwormet, commonly called Chief Robinhood,
1008-604: The 1704 Battle of Blenheim ; by the end of the war he had a full promotion to Lieutenant Colonel and a brevet promotion to colonel. Upon the accession of King George I in 1714, Colonel Elizeus Burges was commissioned as Governor of Massachusetts and New Hampshire . Massachusetts agents Jeremiah Dummer and Jonathan Belcher , representing opponents of a land bank proposal that Burges had promised to support, bribed him £1,000 to resign before he left England. Dummer and Belcher were then instrumental in promoting Shute as an alternative to Burges, believing among other things that he
1064-457: The Dudley administration logging interests had widely flouted the 1711 White Pine Act , British Parliamentary legislation that reserved large trees on ungranted public lands for the government's use as ship masts . Shute sought to crack down on this behavior, earning the enmity of Cooke and others. Cooke's early challenges to the law were legal in nature, but rapidly became political. In 1718 Cooke
1120-501: The Dudleys and their supporters, who backed Shute, favored the idea of paper that was backed by gold. A major opponent representing the popular factions in the province was Elisha Cooke Jr. , a politician and major landowner in Maine , which was then part of Massachusetts. Cooke's opposition was rooted in disagreements on the currency, and the matter of logging in the Maine territory. During
1176-440: The Kennebec in central Maine, demanding that he be removed. In July 1721 the Wabanakis delivered half the furs, demanded the return of their hostages, and refused to hand over Rale (who accompanied them to the meeting site). Massachusetts made no official response, and raids soon resumed. The Wabanakis then went to extraordinary lengths to produce a written document reasserting their sovereign claims to disputed areas, delineating
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#17330860981821232-562: The Kennebec village at Norridgewock where Rale was based, but the priest escaped. The militia recovered a strongbox containing his papers (including communications with French authorities), which Shute used to reinforce the claims of French involvement. Shute reiterated British claims of sovereignty over the disputed areas in letters to the Lords of Trade and to Governor General Philippe de Rigaud Vaudreuil of New France. Vaudreuil in response pointed out that although France claimed sovereignty over
1288-550: The Native American Wabanaki Confederacy of northern New England that led to Dummer's War (1722–1725). Although Shute was partly responsible for the breakdown in negotiations with the Wabanakis, he returned to England in early 1723 to procure resolutions to his ongoing disagreements with the Massachusetts assembly, leaving conduct of the war to Lieutenant Governor William Dummer . His protests resulted in
1344-598: The Phippsburg peninsula found ten farms along the Kennebec River by 1751, with five more on the Casco Bay side. But the districts gathered into Georgetown-on-Arrowsic began splitting away; in 1759, Woolwich withdrew, followed in 1781 by Bath. In 1814, Phippsburg was set off and incorporated. The original petition requested that it be named Dromore after one of the town's oldest sections, but Massachusetts chose instead to honor one of its royal governors, Sir William Phips —actually
1400-403: The Wabanakis, marking a formal start to the conflict often referred to as Dummer's War , since Lieutenant Governor William Dummer would end up conducting the Massachusetts involvement in the war. Under the leadership of Cooke and others of the "country party", the assembly investigated the province's expenditures. Finding that some payments of militia had been made fraudulently, the assembly
1456-441: The area, the Wabanakis maintained ownership, and suggested that Shute misunderstood the way in which ideas of European and Native American ownership interacted. The raid on Norridgewock and the fortification of the Maine coast brought a predictable response: the Wabanakis went to war, raiding British settlements on the Maine coast in 1722 and seizing shipping vessels off Nova Scotia. On July 25, 1722, Shute formally declared war on
1512-536: The areas they claimed, and threatening violence if their territory was violated. Shute dismissed the letter as "insolent and menacing", and sent militia forces to Arrowsic. He also asserted, based on Rale's influence, that the Wabanaki claims were part of a French intrigue to further French claims to the disputed areas. Following up on this idea, he sent a militia expedition to capture Rale in January 1722. The force reached
1568-595: The assembly refused to pass the proposed legislation, effectively legitimizing freedom of the press in the province. Boston's conservative religious establishment also expressed reservations over his attendance at Anglican church services, as well as his sometimes ostentatious and loud parties. When the War of the Spanish Succession ended in 1713, its North American theater (where it was known as Queen Anne's War ) came to an uneasy end. The Treaty of Utrecht that ended
1624-470: The assembly to become strongly opposed to Shute on virtually all actions. This recalcitrance extended to a denial of any attempts on the part of the governor to fund the improvement of defenses on the province's northern and eastern frontiers, where there were ongoing difficulties with the Wabanaki Confederacy . One of Shute's more notorious controversies concerned the assembly's refusal to grant him
1680-435: The assembly until independence. Currency was a major issue which divided the province politically: a large populist faction supported the inflationary issuance of paper currency, while two economically powerful groups supported competing proposals for dealing with the currency problem. The faction that had secured Burges' appointment supported a private land bank proposal that would issue bills secured by private property, while
1736-405: The average family size was 2.82. In the town, the population was spread out, with 22.4% under the age of 18, 5.3% from 18 to 24, 26.5% from 25 to 44, 30.7% from 45 to 64, and 15.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 43 years. For every 100 females, there were 105.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 101.7 males. The median income for a household in the town
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1792-440: The concurrence of his council, suspended Vaughan, recalled the assembly, and reinstated Penhallow. Vaughan was afterward formally replaced as lieutenant governor by John Wentworth . One positive event connected with the administration of Governor Shute was the resettlement of a large number of Scotch emigrants from the north of Ireland . In early 1718 Reverend William Boyd arrived from Ulster to petition for land on behalf of
1848-410: The diplomacy of Dummer convinced the council not to revoke the colonial charter. In 1725 the council issued an explanatory colonial charter confirming Shute's position on the adjournment issue and the approval of the house speaker, which the provincial assembly reluctantly accepted the following year. Shute was preparing to return to Massachusetts in 1727 when King George I died. This brought about
1904-533: The disputed area. In a meeting at Arrowsic, Maine in 1717 Shute and representatives of some of the Wabanakis attempted to reach some agreement concerning colonial encroachment on Native lands and the establishment of provincially operated trading posts. The Kennebec sachem (chief) Wiwurna objected not only to the establishment of settlements on their lands, but also the construction of forts, and claimed sovereign control of those lands. Shute, who often rudely interrupted Wiwurna, bluntly reasserted British claims to
1960-502: The issuance in 1725 of the Explanatory Charter , essentially confirming his position in the disputes with the assembly. He did not return to New England, being replaced as governor in 1728 by William Burnet , and refused to be considered for reappointment after Burnet's sudden death in 1729. Thomas Hutchinson (Massachusetts royal governor in the early 1770s), in his history of Massachusetts, described Shute's tenure as governor as
2016-695: The most contentious since the Antinomian Controversy of the 1630s. Samuel Shute was born in London , England on January 12, 1662. He was the eldest of six children of Benjamin Shute, a London merchant. His mother, identified in sources as Elizabeth, Patience, or Mary, was the daughter of Joseph Caryl , a dissenting Presbyterian clergyman. His brother John , afterward Lord Barrington , became an influential member of parliament, political leader of religious Dissenters, and confidant of King George I . Shute
2072-457: The orally negotiated agreements, and its terms were being violated by British settlements encroaching on Abenaki lands on Maine's coasts and rivers. Furthermore, neighboring Nova Scotia's Mi'kmaq had not signed any treaties. Both France and Britain claimed the claimed suzerainty over the tribes inhabiting the contested area. The tribes, loosely organized into the Wabanaki Confederacy , asserted their own sovereignty and ownership of much of
2128-447: The outline of the mountain, are privately owned but are occasionally used, with permission, by the greater public for research, and recreation. This conservation area of 600 acres (240 ha) is available to Bates College students for academic, extracurricular, and research purposes. This area is mainly salt marshes and coastal uplands. The college participates in preserving the plants, animals and natural ecosystems within this area as
2184-405: The population. There were 859 households, out of which 28.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 62.5% were married couples living together, 5.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 27.5% were non-families. Of all households 21.8% were made up of individuals, and 8.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.45 and
2240-471: The situation. Not long after Christmas 1722 Shute sailed for England. Upon his arrival in London, Shute presented his many issues to the Privy Council . His opponents were represented by Jeremiah Dummer and Elisha Cooke, the former having long served as colonial agent in London, and the latter being chosen by the assembly to put forward its case. Shute's arguments were accepted by the council, and only
2296-507: The southern end of Arrowsic Island (across the river from present-day Phippsburg Center). About 1684, Francis Small had a trading post at Cape Small, which bears his name. But in 1689 the area was again destroyed and deserted during King William's War . With the Treaty of Portsmouth in 1713, conflict was formally ended between the Abenaki Indians and English settlements. In 1714, Newtown
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2352-452: The southern end of Phippsburg (with the exception of Popham). Atkins Bay bears his name. The population gradually increased until King Philip's War , when Indians in August 1676 attacked the eastern side of the Kennebec River, massacring and scalping the colonists, or else carrying them into captivity. Dwellings were burned and stocks of cattle killed. The entire area was abandoned. Resettlement commenced in 1679 at Newtown, located on
2408-428: The territory. The Wabanakis were willing to accede to existing illegal settlements if a proper boundary was delineated beyond which settlement would not be allowed; Shute responded "We desire only what is our own, and that we will have." This ambiguous response, and the treaty that was ultimately agreed, did not satisfy the Wabanakis. Over the next several years settlers continued to encroach on Wabanaki lands east of
2464-510: The town was 50.3% male and 49.7% female. As of the census of 2000, there were 2,106 people, 859 households, and 622 families living in the town. The population density was 73.0 inhabitants per square mile (28.2/km ). There were 1,554 housing units at an average density of 53.8 per square mile (20.8/km ). The racial makeup of the town was 98.53% White , 0.28% African American , 0.24% Native American , 0.24% Asian , and 0.71% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.57% of
2520-417: The town was 97.5% White , 0.5% African American , 0.3% Native American , 0.3% Asian , 0.1% from other races , and 1.4% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.0% of the population. There were 963 households, of which 22.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 58.5% were married couples living together, 6.5% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.0% had
2576-488: The war did not acknowledge any Native American claims, and contained ambiguous language concerning the French cession of Acadia . The contested areas of northern New England included present-day Nova Scotia , New Brunswick , and eastern Maine. Joseph Dudley had in 1713 negotiated an end to hostilities with the tribes in Massachusetts and New Hampshire, but the written form of the Treaty of Portsmouth differed in content from
2632-412: The west, West Bath to the northwest, Bath to the north, Arrowsic to the northeast, and Georgetown to the east. As of the census of 2010, there were 2,216 people, 963 households, and 665 families living in the town. The population density was 77.5 inhabitants per square mile (29.9/km ). There were 1,748 housing units at an average density of 61.2 per square mile (23.6/km ). The racial makeup of
2688-403: Was $ 46,739, and the median income for a family was $ 53,631. Males had a median income of $ 33,214 versus $ 26,250 for females. The per capita income for the town was $ 22,205. About 5.8% of families and 9.2% of the population were below the poverty line , including 8.8% of those under age 18 and 14.4% of those age 65 or over. Samuel Shute Samuel Shute (January 12, 1662 – April 15, 1742)
2744-583: Was able to introducing spending bills that very precisely delineated how public funds could be spent; this represented an increase the assembly's power at the expense of the governor. The assembly further encroached on the governor's authority by establishing a committee to oversee the activities of the militia in December 1722. With the Indian war looming, Shute saw this as a serious threat to his power, and decided that only by returning to London would he be able to correct
2800-533: Was an English military officer and royal governor of the provinces of Massachusetts and New Hampshire . After serving in the Nine Years' War and the War of the Spanish Succession , he was appointed by King George I as governor of Massachusetts and New Hampshire in 1716. His tenure was marked by virulent disagreements with the Massachusetts assembly on a variety of issues, and by poorly conducted diplomacy with respect to
2856-676: Was educated by Rev. Charles Morton , who afterward emigrated to New England . Shute then attended the Leiden University in Holland and subsequently entered the English army, serving under William III . In the War of the Spanish Succession Shute served in the campaigns of the Duke of Marlborough in the 3rd Dragoon Guards . He was a captain of that cavalry regiment when he was wounded at
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#17330860981822912-526: Was later offered to, but refused by, Harpswell. During the Gilded Age , Popham Beach developed into a resort area, with steamboats transporting excursionists from Bath. Today, the town's principal industries are fishing and tourism . In 1971, Phippsburg was the site of the discovery of the Spirit Pond runestones , purported evidence of pre-Columbian European exploration of North America, considered widely
2968-554: Was likely to be well received in New England because he was from a prominent Dissenting family. Shute arrived in Boston on October 4, 1716, where he began a difficult and contentious tenure in office. He signaled his partisanship by first taking up residence with Paul Dudley , son of the last-appointed governor Joseph Dudley and a land bank opponent, rather than Acting Governor William Tailer . Shute's administration of New Hampshire
3024-462: Was nominated to serve on the Governor's Council by the assembly, but Shute vetoed the choice. The assembly then appointed Cooke to be its speaker in 1720. This began a constitutional argument about the governor's powers, for Shute refused to accept Cooke's appointment, claiming it was within his authority to veto it. The assembly, for its part, refused to appoint anyone else, and the following year seated
3080-429: Was not as troublesome as that of Massachusetts, but issues began early. Lieutenant Governor George Vaughan , who had been acting as governor for a year before Shute's arrival, insisted on claiming full authority to act when Shute was not present in that province. Against direct orders from Shute, Vaughan, in Shute's absence, dissolved the assembly and dismissed councillor Samuel Penhallow . In September 1717 Shute, with
3136-664: Was reestablished, then incorporated in 1716 as Georgetown-on-Arrowsic by the Massachusetts General Court . Also in 1716, the Pejepscot Proprietors established a little fishing village called Augusta at the Small Point Harbor area of Phippsburg. Dr. Oliver Noyes, director of the colony, erected a stone fort 100 feet (30 meters) square to protect it. In 1717, Governor Samuel Shute held a conference at Georgetown-on-Arrowsic with tribal delegates, who arrived in
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