Misplaced Pages

#303696

35-754: The park is shared between two voivodeships : Lower Silesian Voivodeship and Greater Poland Voivodeship . Within Lower Silesian Voivodeship it lies in Milicz County ( Gmina Milicz , Gmina Cieszków , Gmina Krośnice ), Oleśnica County ( Gmina Twardogóra ) and Trzebnica County ( Gmina Trzebnica , Gmina Prusice , Gmina Żmigród ). Within Greater Poland Voivodeship, it lies in Ostrów Wielkopolski County ( Gmina Odolanów , Gmina Przygodzice , Gmina Sośnie ). The park includes

70-400: A starosta , while the city council has the powers and duties of a powiat (county) council; both nevertheless being elected under the municipal election rules rather than those applicable to county elections. A recall referendum may be triggered either in respect to the wójt/town mayor/city mayor or to the municipal council through a petition supported by at least 1/10 of eligible voters, but

105-675: A "province" ( prowincja ). According to the argument, such a prowincja (for example, Greater Poland) cannot consist of a number of subdivisions (" województw a ", the plural of " województw o ") that are likewise called "provinces". This, however, is an antiquarian consideration, as the word "province" has not been used in Poland in this sense of a region for over two centuries; and those former larger political units, all now obsolete, can now be referred to in English as what they actually were: "regions". The Polish województwo , designating

140-603: A greater resemblance (in territory, but not in name) to the voivodeships that existed between 1950 and 1975. Today's voivodeships are mostly named after historical and geographical regions, while those prior to 1998 generally took their names from the cities on which they were centered. The new units range in area from under 10,000 km (3,900 sq mi) ( Opole Voivodeship ) to over 35,000 km (14,000 sq mi) ( Masovian Voivodeship ), and in population from nearly one million (Opole Voivodeship) to over five million (Masovian Voivodeship). Administrative authority at

175-414: A seat of a regular powiat, albeit without belonging to it administratively (such powiat thus being often "doughnut-shaped"). In such cities, the roles of the powiat organs are fulfilled by the ones of the urban gmina. For a complete listing of all the gminy in Poland, see List of Polish gminas . Polish gminy operate under a mayor-council government . The legislative and oversight body of each gmina

210-504: A second-tier Polish or Polish–Lithuanian administrative unit, derives from wojewoda , (etymologically, a ' warlord ', 'war leader' or 'leader of warriors', but now simply the governor of a województwo ) and the suffix -ztwo (a "state or condition"). The English voivodeship , which is a hybrid of the loanword voivode and -ship (the latter a suffix that calques the Polish suffix -ztwo ), has never been much used and

245-421: A status of a city with powiat rights, with some others allowed to retain the earlier awarded title due to historical reasons. 66 among the 107 cities (including all voivodeship seats and all cities over 100,000 inhabitants) have the special status of city with powiat rights (miasto na prawach powiatu). Such a city exercises also powers and duties of a powiat while not belonging to any; nevertheless, it may still be

280-764: A subordinate administrative role. In rural areas these are called sołectwa , in towns they may be dzielnice or osiedla and in an urban-rural gmina, the town itself may be designated as an auxiliary unit. The only gmina which is statutorily obliged to have auxiliary units is Warsaw , which is divided since 2002 into 18 boroughs exercising some devolved powers, though not considered separate entities. Each gmina carries out two classes of tasks: The tasks can be also divided into another two categories: Own tasks include matters such as spatial harmony, real estate management, environmental protection and nature conservation, water management, country roads, public streets, bridges, squares and traffic systems, water supply systems and source,

315-603: Is a loanword - calque hybrid formed on the Polish " województwo ". Some writers argue against rendering województwo in English as "province", on historical grounds: before the third, last Partition of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth , in 1795, each of the main constituent regions of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth — Greater Poland , Lesser Poland , Lithuania , and Royal Prussia —was sometimes idiosyncratically referred to as

350-534: Is absent from many dictionaries. According to the Oxford English Dictionary , it first appeared in 1792, spelled "woiwodship", in the sense of "the district or province governed by a voivode." The word subsequently appeared in 1886 also in the sense of "the office or dignity of a voivode." Poland's Commission on Standardization of Geographic Names outside the Republic of Poland, prefers the form which omits

385-421: Is held in the municipality by a directly elected official, called wójt in rural gminy, a town mayor ( burmistrz ) in urban-rural and most urban gminy which contain towns, or a city mayor ( prezydent miasta ) in the 107 urban gminy containing cities, the status awarded automatically to all urban gminy over 100,000 inhabitants or those with a status of a city with powiat rights, with some others allowed to retain

SECTION 10

#1732897616304

420-601: Is the elected municipal council ( rada gminy ), in an urban-rural gmina called the town and gmina council ( rada miasta i gminy ), while in an urban gmina it is called the town/city council ( rada miasta ). Any local laws considered non-compliant with the national ones may be invalidated by the respective voivode , whose rulings may be appealed to an administrative court. Decisions in individual cases may in turn be appealed to quasi-judicial bodies named local government boards of appeal  [ pl ] , their ruling subject to appeal to an administrative court. Executive power

455-457: Is the highest-level administrative division of Poland , corresponding to a province in many other countries. The term has been in use since the 14th century and is commonly translated into English as " province ". The Polish local government reforms adopted in 1998, which went into effect on 1 January 1999, reduced the number of voivodeships to sixteen. These 16 replaced the 49 former voivodeships that had existed from 1 July 1975, and bear

490-788: The Grand Duchy of Lithuania during the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth were based on the administrative structure that existed in the Duchy prior to the Commonwealth's formation, from at least the early-15th century. They were: While the Duchy of Livonia was part of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, approximately 1569–1772, in various periods it comprised the following voivodeships in varying combinations: From 1816 to 1837 there were 8 voivodeships in Congress Poland . The administrative division of Poland in

525-720: The Milicz Ponds ( Stawy Milickie ) nature reserve, which is a protected Ramsar wetland site. 51°27′40″N 17°09′41″E  /  51.461243°N 17.161331°E  / 51.461243; 17.161331 This Lower Silesian Voivodeship location article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This Polish protected area -related article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Voivodeships of Poland A voivodeship ( / ˈ v ɔɪ v oʊ d ʃ ɪ p / VOY -vohd-ship ; Polish : województwo [vɔjɛˈvut͡stfɔ] ; plural: województwa [vɔjɛˈvut͡stfa] )

560-466: The 'e', recommending the spelling "voivodship", for use in English. Competences and powers at voivodeship level are shared between the voivode (governor), the sejmik (regional assembly) and the marshal . In most cases these institutions are all based in one city, but in Kuyavian-Pomeranian and Lubusz Voivodeship the voivode's offices are in a different city from those of the executive and

595-718: The Masovian Voivodeship at 33,500 EUR) and the poorest per capita (being the Lublin Voivodeship at 14,400 EUR). The following is a list of the Voivodeships within Greater Poland at various points over the period from the mid-16th century until the late 18th century: The following is a list of the Voivodeships within Lesser Poland over the period of the mid-16th century until the late 18th century: Voivodeships of

630-1099: The country within the new national borders was based on the prewar one and included 14 (+2) voivodeships, then 17 (+5). The voivodeships in the east that had not been annexed by the Soviet Union had their borders left almost unchanged. The newly acquired territories in the west and north were organized into the new voivodeships of Szczecin , Wrocław and Olsztyn , and partly joined to Gdańsk , Katowice and Poznań voivodeships. Two cities were granted voivodeship status: Warsaw and Łódź . In 1950, new voivodeships were created: Koszalin (previously part of Szczecin ), Opole (previously part of Katowice ), and Zielona Góra (previously part of Poznań , Wrocław and Szczecin voivodeships). In 1957, three more cities were granted voivodeship status: Wrocław , Kraków and Poznań . Collapsed list of car registration plates from 1956 – please use table-sort buttons Poland's voivodeships 1975–1998 Administrative division of Poland between 1979 and 1998 included 49 voivodeships upheld after

665-415: The country, encompassing over 43,000 villages. Nine hundred and forty gminy include cities and towns, with 322 among them constituting an independent urban gmina ( Polish : gmina miejska ) consisting solely of a standalone town or one of the 107 cities, the latter governed by a city mayor ( prezydent miasta ). The gmina has been the basic unit of territorial division in Poland since 1974, when it replaced

700-410: The earlier awarded title due to historical reasons. A town or city mayor may be scrutinized or denied funding for his/her projects by the council, but is not politically responsible to it and does not require its confidence to remain in office; therefore, cohabitation is not uncommon. In a city with powiat rights , the city mayor additionally has the powers and duties of a powiat executive board and

735-506: The establishment of the Third Polish Republic in 1989 for another decade. This reorganization of administrative division of Poland was mainly a result of local government reform acts of 1973–1975. In place of the three-level administrative division (voivodeship, county, commune), a new two-level administrative division was introduced (49 small voivodeships, and communes). The three smallest voivodeships— Warsaw , Kraków and Łódź —had

SECTION 20

#1732897616304

770-406: The functioning of local government, coordinates actions in the field of public safety and environment protection, and exercises special powers in emergencies. The voivode's offices collectively are known as the urząd wojewódzki . The sejmik is elected every five years. (The first of the five-year terms began in 2018; previous terms lasted four years.) ) Elections for the sejmik fall at

805-459: The gmina's territory. For example, the rural Gmina Augustów is administered from the town of Augustów , but does not include the town, as Augustów is an urban type gmina in its own right. One hundred and seven urban gminy constitute cities, distinguished from towns through being governed by a city mayor ( prezydent miasta ) instead of a town mayor (burmistrz), the status awarded automatically to all urban gminy over 100,000 inhabitants or those with

840-403: The interwar period included 16 voivodeships and Warsaw (with voivodeship rights). The voivodeships that remained in Poland after World War II as a result of Polish–Soviet border agreement of August 1945 were very similar to the current voivodeships. Collapsed list of car registration plates from 1937, please use table-sort buttons. After World War II, the new administrative division of

875-458: The resolutions of the sejmik , manages the voivodeship's property, and deals with many aspects of regional policy, including management of European Union funding. The marshal's offices are collectively known as the urząd marszałkowski . According to 2017 Eurostat data, the GDP per capita of Polish voivodeships varies notably and there is a large gap between the richest per capita voivodeship (being

910-406: The same time as that of local authorities at powiat and gmina level. The sejmik passes by-laws , including the voivodeship's development strategies and budget. It also elects the marszałek and other members of the executive, and holds them to account. The executive ( zarząd województwa ), headed by the marszałek drafts the budget and development strategies, implements

945-461: The sejmik. Voivodeship capitals are listed in the table below. The voivode is appointed by the Prime Minister and is the regional representative of the central government. The voivode acts as the head of central government institutions at regional level (such as the police and fire services, passport offices, and various inspectorates), manages central government property in the region, oversees

980-480: The self-government initiatives and cooperation within the commune including with non-governmental organizations, interaction with regional communities from other countries, etc. Commissioned tasks cover the remaining public tasks resulting from legitimate needs of the state, commissioned by central government for the units of local government to implement. The tasks are handed over on the basis of statutory by-laws, charters and regulations, or by way of agreements between

1015-408: The sewage system, removal of urban waste, water treatment, maintenance of cleanliness and order, sanitary facilities, dumps and council waste, supply of electric and thermal energy and gas, public transport, health care, welfare, care homes, subsidised housing, public education, cultural facilities including public libraries and other cultural institutions, historic monuments conservation and protection,

1050-405: The smaller gromada (cluster). Three or more gminy make up a higher level unit called a powiat , except for those holding the status of a city with powiat rights . Each and every powiat has the seat in a city or town, in the latter case either an urban gmina or a part of an urban-rural one. There are three types of gmina: Some rural gminy have their seat in a town which itself is outside of

1085-479: The smallest administrative divisions of Poland . [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] Some English-language sources, in historical contexts, speak of " palatinates " rather than "voivodeships". The term " palatinate " traces back to the Latin palatinus , which traces back to palatium ("palace"). More commonly used now is province or voivodeship . The latter

Barycz Valley Landscape Park - Misplaced Pages Continue

1120-429: The special status of municipal voivodeship; the city president (mayor) was also provincial governor. Collapsed list of Voivodeships: 1975–1998, please use table-sort buttons. Gmina The gmina ( Polish: [ˈɡmina] , plural gminy [ˈɡminɨ] ) is the basic unit of the administrative division of Poland , similar to a municipality . As of 1 January 2019 , there were 2,477 gminy throughout

1155-453: The sports facilities and tourism including recreational grounds and devices, marketplaces and covered markets, green spaces and public parks, communal graveyards, public order and safety, fire and flood protection with equipment maintenance and storage, maintaining objects and devices of the public utility and administrative buildings, pro-family policy including social support for pregnant women, medical and legal care, supporting and popularising

1190-475: The turnout in the recall referendum must be at least 3/5 of the number of people voting in the original election in order for the referendum to be valid and binding. In addition, elected bodies of any municipality may be suspended by the prime minister of Poland in case of persisting law transgressions or negligence , resulting in such case in the municipality being placed under receivership . A gmina may create auxiliary units ( jednostki pomocnicze ), which play

1225-409: The voivodeship level is shared between a government-appointed governor called a voivode ( wojewoda ), an elected assembly called a sejmik , and an executive board ( zarząd województwa ) chosen by that assembly, headed by a voivodeship marshal ( marszałek województwa ). Voivodeships are further divided into powiats ('counties') and gminas ('communes' or 'municipalities'),

#303696